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PUNJABI VISHAV KOSH— Vol. XII 
Rachhpal Singh Gill 

Director, Languages Deptt., Punjab 



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42°03' f. fey. ; 48°18' S. S3. 

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3. y - »tl7r. fe. H 7 . 3 : 675 

HHiT : fey ydd‘*Wl Ms^s^st 

feSS'S S 1 " H71K 14 HSt, 1835 S M'feUHfe feS 

3Hfes fes ufenF i fens syfes s fefsul' sfss ms 
sss s H'ssyuu fsf - ofss fes fefw uors 
srtsti fer i 860 fes feu h 1 sshuu s gur Hufe sus 



fe¥ S'Sdl fdd 1 M3 S EFS SMfS MFIS ¥33" oFSS 
feS MStS MS fefSUFTcT U3K-H'H3d 3 r RofS'FU 
feFI HS 1885 S 1906 3S feu fet fepTfeS fcFi 
HS 1889 feS feU oTOtT 7FS Ut MfeyfUS fUPlFI 
feS MSSSSfet feHS fecPSS MRFSt si - 
uvufes ststi ^st faffey mfo’ 1877, TsAot^ ' fedl 

fe?>3 Si - oTdoTdd MS Mfe'dfes MTU St t3S 3FHUS' , 
(1903), feSsity fes fenslMS sfetus' (1908) M 1 1 s 
fey sfeF ss uks yy3oF usr 

13 SS, 1918 S' feyst >ls 3- ufet I 
3. y.-jfe. f^. 7 : 707; Wf. 9 : 553 

SolHF, fWril'HH : ydcuAs s fey sst S’" 
tTSK 13 syyu, 1585 S ufefesis fes UfeM 1 "! 
MfeSSddr yTjfe'dfHdl 3 fedTdl ITUS SUS fl(33 

fey s uufe fes sfey ms pg 3 1 s 1 ^ st felw 
soj3 5ft^ifey^s(s^yy3S‘3lM3SMy7^ife' 
MTU Hfatsty’ ( 1 6 1 3 ), SSSW t?7Ut S 1- HSEfe>F 1# I 
ys 1614 ms 1616 fes sfesfe - stsF yyssF 
fess oFUS fey S' EFfUSS sfetit l)F[3 ShPi fey s 
.Ud'HlHl, fessfep M3 ETU7fl" 3‘ r EFU f SfeF oifed 1 ^' 
S MFFU 3 sfey fesP MS MSS^ Sp Si# ! fey S 
MUlM ofetSF Sp St SS3 sffstl ‘UTSSUS MTU 
EfeiFS’ (1623) fey si - fes cpufes U3T3S Eft M3 fe 
Elfefsy Ufe’ (1623) fes H3 SS feSS ETSI fey 3 
fes 1 u 1 feys ‘st feyutft mtu hsuA's usm sP 

stMU’ 1423 ‘MSfeff st GftMU’ 3542 (1655) M3 
'U3S ufef^\(1617) 7F>ft yy3S t felftSF I 




feAtMK 33HS 

SHSU, 1649 s UfefeTySs fes fey si- H3 3 

uisti 

3. y.-ty. >5)3. 6 :396 ; >)te. fe HT 3 : 675 ; ^7>'. 
M). 9 : 353 




4 



SUHS, fesfUHlISUt 

fesfbHH UcSGt : tSF 7 S' feF ^FH- 
UHt ofet F 7 FSH 13 »fOs , 1854 S >Jf T feu3‘sf Ft 
sfeufen spfut fey - fjfeu 7 ! feF S' UnjStW 7 
srfesu 7 feu iss 7 fc^'vfl ua'HtHl fen 1 *' f 7 fuf 




fesfWH fefet 3UHS 



sffdU 7 sf 'F'ol j\j 3 d ftffePH 7 I UUJS Ufd^'d S’ i-ifec 5 - 
fcUHU feu HUfeS 7 oUS ffet fens 15 FrSFtGHU 
feF Ut HfS gfe fFS 7 UU 30 HUT Ft G>U feu feFS 

feGufer f few cuss 3" 3 r uuut Ft feurat uors 

cftst I FU HUT P-FUS FF fetf Ut Uo( fen o<dc 5 HU 1 U" 
feUFfefeW T SFS 7 feW 7 >HSfeFfeFfeHttrH>H 7 feF 
y-rustur crfesfe fe ysuTu 7 ! £ Gt ofydd’ 
( 1897 ), £ 3 st aUUtG’ ( 1901 ), £ Gt sTfeufe ( 1905 ) 
US HS S FWF Slit £ Gt UTU Ufetfe ( 1 908 ) feF FtW 7 

sfeufe Ftu 7 fu uhsct us i fen f hu feuru 7 s 
HS 1912 feu £ Gt yfe'fdoftt gHoTH W? festWH USUt 
sfeHU'’ S 7 US sFflW 7 few 7 I 

6 WUW, 1907 S UUUtG felt fel Ut HU U 

uuti 

J. y - nteVOffe 9 : 354 ; >»)S. fa. H 7 . 3 : 676 

SHHsffew : tss 7 f oT-dlt'oT uft f fus 

feu fen Ut S 7 Ft ofGfel F 7 HFU-HoTH US gfe 7 
HS>HSt Ffeu U t FS sJd'HsT' FfeU 7 GUU WS 
H 1 dlUS Ffeu S 100 fe. Ft, 6 dd-UUHT feF $kT US 
F r UUT WS UTF-FS^ 7 HWJ GUU ^tW FI fet 
ScTS) - UHH, FSt FUF, feHUSt SSS, QsfW, UUt 
HFtsut, urs f st, fesst F 7 ff's nrfe- use 7 ui 
1920# F FU 7 # feu feF F SS Ut US-faflSt 
MHcSfe G SUU F^ TFS SUF feF FfUF ffetd Hdl 
#US Ft FSWS S FUF FU^t oftst Ui 

feF HfeU Ft HFFfS 7 1815 Ft. f%F HFU rTSUS 

t^fecT M U#HF S ojtut Ft UU feF F 7 ?F §F #S 
•» — 

F FSS 1- F ofFfecT fes ufe, HU UFUSS SFS F 7T 7 



ftE - ufW" fePH 7 Ft I feU 1874 feF feu feF fefe UF 7 
Ftl HS 1888 1W feu HfeU HS few HfF 1936 Ft. 

f%F fen s fes Hfuu f 7 fir uu feu 7 1 fen fug 1 

FF feiu, swfcs Ug>ft U3 FMFfeS F«st S 7 F 
FHFfFUU 1955, 1961 US 1981 Ft.feufeFHfUU 
feF fes 7 fFS UTFI 

WUt-36, 567 (1981). 

45°53 / §". f%U. ; 72°14 / U. SF. 

F. y - nte. fH. H 7 . 4 : 235; Wf. 9 : 422 

SSHT H^KS : feU^'fedS oJ f%F HSHFd F 7 
F’FFU Ft frTF F 7 FSF 1110 Ft. feu UfeU 7 Ft I feF 

s unis 7 fesr usust ums 7 fsuurfs ffet uurfei 7 

ufe HFF KUTt S feu gS UUfe-?HU>fS UHS 7 UfeU 7 

us yfuras 7 s ypfeuss G^s fss irus sftsti 

feu 1126 feu »mfe feu 7 WTFtHS fug 1 FS 
feu dfel S tfeu 7 S 7 feF §■ UTJS HUS HU [WdUld-f 7 

f 7 hums 7 uus 7 fiw feQ'fe Gu gt nrus Hfir s 

ufet F Fm#FU HHFF HS! HS 1^41 fW feH S 
mfe 17 feM>feSHUFfeU^ 6 UFUnfetHFSt 
F 7 HfSUHoftS 7 iy i SF'Al FFHSt cfUS feF f 1166 
Ft. fgF Hl'fedSsf f%F FF fFS 7 fePH 7 ! feUTSS F 
SFFHU USUt FS S CfHHUS F FS UUS, fUFUS ut 
ofeHU F 7 fefeu feoU UUF UF feF S FUSt #S F 
HUS HU UUfe (5UHS FUFU 7 Ufe HFF KS Ft 
U^fePH 7 F fest I feu 1167 feF feF S UFfe SUMS 7 
Ft HfFF SU5 - HS feUHd'U feF UU FH 7 SFI FF 1 
QhHUoT UUTHS, 1170feF>H T fe>H 7 S 7 feFSfFSU5' 
Unfet SSoft, feF 7 Ft HTFt UU fFSt I feF HFt, 1171 
S feF Ft )?S HUTU UHHUcT SWU F 7 H'FH'U HS 

few 7 1 

F. y - Hte. fe H 7 . 4 : 25 

dcn-PT-Idd 1 (Dermoptera) : feu HSUUt 




UStW 7 F 7 feu ?UUT U fFF feF feuu GuS-StHU ut 




5 



US' i-flQt' fesn UHI fen # UTSlOfUStSH rF 
hsTahIsh sfun un i fen ynt uun-yust uhIff, 
ufay fenfe ft# fusufetn fen fesn uni 0#ut 

FTHUtS 1 ' n UUHUt HVT n HU # SS ussy st fen ?UUT 
fed SOTS SU SU rFU US I Ofe<£-StHU StU-FFUfet 
UntFF fen ut fesfej UU Un UU Ouy 3" HUS UUS 
US c(dc( fy^i S fus s?UU ?UUT fen US fSFF rFtF #1 
fen fes <Sosl disfddl n W? n ynt UH ftTt^ 1 " Ut 
un Hunts ■usut ft-rut n uu hms nu # feu oil c- 

FFUfel U'Sl'JF ^ddil ut U I fecy H 1 " HFCPU U# FT# 
ss un i fe<y yntFF nt UTunn n fes fust HU U S 
S#T n ?TS ?FS OUTSF # fefeFF SS HT# y^ # feu 
HUT TFnt U I fes nt Hd'feS' feu ynt zsw fen 
SUn USt USt HUS HSU" U7T UU UUff dy 1 Osi Adi 
HSU I 

U. u- its. Ffe. H. U. 4 : 68 

(Dermaptera) : aflfaFF n fes 

suur ut n n fas feur suraur 1100 nsW 
ffOuIhf uni fe 7 sfetHF tfsIff n stf#HF n 
‘utFru feuf fern ww ui feu hu n nuns stf#FF 
fen un feus nufes ssu fen st fesn hh i 

SSUtsn 5-50 fe. st. #s fe?# Stf#FF w HUfe 
nun, sun-, ypf ^n‘>nnnfets r ^uiuust>>F 
SStHF, USStHF # HU-HTUT fuss' (chewing) fens n 
yn un i htuth uu sf fts sun yn un nm fuss uu 
s# ft# fssfeut yn un ft# fe?# fen uuIfts fsu 1 ^ 
yutHF un i 



3uituuu r 

uu n fuss feu # fes P^ fesufer suut 
Husfet (#nu Os-htut) u tu t t ss# n 
fusssts yn un i fe<7 ^huf s feu sfe sst sh 1- sut 
sunn un ftfe Hn-uftp>f r sut, uu oil Guff §■ ushs 
> xn ifs - ssn S' usn uss - sut, fuss uu* - S 
Fiuisuyi" n u^ - fesn sus sut tf hss Q^dl hk 
hu H 1 ^ S yora - 3run sut feS - S ^n un i su fen 
feu H T n r tfs sn >un suu ny 1- n yn us i shut 
hhu ffQs - n ^u fe<7 fu-FtuF S f^Su nt ny 1- 
^uu ss ns sn uni 



UUFU nfUFF (feuiSn) 

feu Hsst sffe uns irst us >un feu fesfeF, 
usuIff sfe - n usn, uisIff w nusn - nt fes n 
fen ufun uni Sn fes'foiFF fen feu hs uu n 
SHHunt Ffnut yn un Ffu uis hs sfe S -ut sfe 
un uu ffsSu n feryr w uhs - nt§n un yn uni 
fss-unt fes T fsFF fen feu oft# HSFufet un fj# 
sut fsHH n stf#FF n srafe^F n feusm sun uni 
5UUt uferu feUT (Forcicula auricularia) SW n - SHU 
u»rn w fen st feu uw sun - u i 

feryf- oftfeFF sfe fes for stun h1#ff ufeFF u 
fs feu h# uu sfnFF n sn - fen sn nu un i 

U. U- ?IS. »tn. K. U. 4 :67; >>fU. fe. )F. 3 : 753 

Sfd4d ^fBW (Ff l HU«l / >r) : FFH^HtFF n 
HHHratFF ny n" feu nfuFF u ftrun T snut unra nt 
hu ssftu sts fen fnssu r ui feu 182 fs. st. 
nun-yus nt fen fen sum - ufeFF 5 - 1/2 fs. uft. 
n# nura fen nss u s, huuh ufet fen w fedin 
ui fen nfuFF n fens fun n ffh ifh nsnfsut n 
fnuu un fes uft (Hns sut us) nt un^u ynt u 1 
H'dsJA , ssfefe, Oh # nt fes nt^F uu hfc^' un 
feu#t>JF un-fsnst sut fesfem stutFF usIff un 1 
nfuFF n Ho's n 19 fs. Ht. Ohfu u t s t uu sfeu 

SfHFF UfeFF UI d'y 'dd H 1 FTUT Hd'S #ts U'sl pT 

un feun ssIff unuum fen uns feiFF u 1 fes On 
HHH'A US SfeFF UfeFF U I U T S I UU HfUU 3S fes 

fen t-fu r wu i nt ffh ynt u 1 

43°03 / #. feS. ; 147°22 / U". SS. 

U. y - FT?r. fe. H T . 4 : 27 

^3^? nfnFT (flB3TWsi) : feuTSir ntffeut 
urusfeu ocQfel fen stun s T s r feu fes nfeFF u 
ffej^fsOfeutHw S'sss 10 fs.vft. (6Hts)nt 
nut # Ffeynt um ss n un ufetfsurnnn hu shu 
fen 267 st. (875 fu) nt Onfet n fessn t uu 
feu nfeFF sut nfepiFut un 1 " ft# ufuIff fen nt 
Sdlsfdl 90 fe. Vft. dol sfun 1 " UfUFF Od nfUFF 7FS 
tFHUTH SUn r UI nfeFF W feu FTtftS Grid 1 dHd' fes 
n ufes uh# fen uuutst nnu nt ys'su u#t # 
nn snn un fen FFfeFF 1 ursstFru fuwsn Ouun 
usns # >Fsun n nFFS usuIff PhoIff uufetFF 
unit fes n sut n# 1 huut un fen ffui fes n 
fesss Osu feisfuuT ft# crus nfetF-F fen 
UTsstFruT ft# sts 1- n fnsu Ouu fes n r d'o fes ns 
usun" ui nfeFF n - ufet sun hfu u # uufeu n^ 
ssfes sun n^unu n ftw # fns Pr u wz 
ufeti 

54°13 / O'. feS.; 0°40 / if. SS. 

U. y. -»>ra. fe. >F. 4 : 27 





aata^raa 



6 



3 cT #7 -feed : f#a-Ug>it fed## nt fen 
fea ata & fnnfe aaafrr a 7 ## f^- ## unfe 
ffedaW tffToT ant fan Hfe? n i for at? WJ? w 
fPHW nt Htldd 1 ant HHJd ni fed i/ltf ttdlsfdl 5 fa. 
nt. ant n# 1.6 fa. nt. n#t ni fen nt an # au 
arfdawl 22 nt. n 1 naan nfaw for n #y?t fen # 
WU? n # Q#d #3 tfftHof EfecT # c^fefe #3 fan 
nt feof&ci >X T U? r UU fed" Wdsf cra^JI fen 3 atf? 

ant Hft'cSlfe nt a# #aff afant ni fen ata fan# 
aret fan faa nfeffefe fan swti wla# f# fan 
n# #aan awa n Tnafe n 7 fo'a'n an 7 rit 1 

54 ° 42 ' §\ fa? ; 3 ° 25 ' U. 3 U. 

U. y- >fo\ fa. H 7 . 4 : 27 

^ 'fyQflfeloiH : fen unaw afe n fea aiau 
•» — 

n 7 a 7 U" fed# ssfeGfutlH'fecSl #U-a? fen mW 

oft# dfe U 7 T I fen W? H'fe&HlS # H| # Hffetf 7 3 
a a fusaa iwfe&nta nn aa gnu, ##at uiaata 7 
y# sf'dd fen few aa 1 fen §u-gw n ywt Tynof 
yf&u^fesJ nfenydan n# fen aa 1 ant fefnwTfej-r 
n 7 famw n fe h#u n# »#a fern yaan at 
fe#fa#nfnai 

a. y- *tn. fa. 7 : 692 

(Drogheda) : TJi'fedtt# nt «'G« 
snffet nt nuat nn f# fen fea unaaro >H 3 a # 7 
nfea n ffew fa nfea nfa»r n yaw ? 6 - 1/2 fa. 
i^^f^utwIiforatiwiF sat? 
11#' nnt fen nanwn aufen 7 # atfe nt fan ## 
<vdHcV a nun 7 an fwn 7 1 fefninn T > Ktft?r fen fea 
Uh'Ho/I oft!d at y feof fed 1 t tfuaW# HfeRH 7 fen 
fen an a iraatna 7 afar 7 ana 7 at nnfeH 7 nnfef 7 
feiy 7 fen 1494 nt. nt unwfern n Hnnaynn a^n 
at unr of# 7 ! wana nn fen fea Hnnaynn 
nfnaanfnw 7 i 17 ^ fen fen nnr 7 n 7 nnw at 
fen 7 ! fen nt 1649 nt. fen nTfenaarnfeJ 7 n 3000 
anfer nt fef nan t n pfn n fefn oin 7 iFfeyr 
nt un ayfew n Haan 7 ana anfer n nn Hafe^ 
# fen# an #77 n aanaar ny»g §# tn fen 7 ! 
an 1690 fen yfe* # nafet fen fen fentw nfe 
wfta ni 7 fewi yfeaja fen afean 7 at #na na 
fell 7 fen aua 7 an 7 #?, want ntna, a? n aa 
a? 7 #?, ana, atfen few ann n 7 an afe 7 fen 7 
ni fen H^fer a^n n 7 ann n »# fen aynn nnt 
Hnfent #uir > a# an 7 at ann nffea 7 fen 7 n 1 

nrafet - 23,247 (1981) 

53°43' # . fen. ; 6°21 / 0 s . #a. 
a. y - ^tn. fe. h 7 . 3 : 67o 



3 T #fefF : fen nwra sw nt fea unfet n fen 

•s — ” »\ 

fen annfen ?nw nann ua nfefer na ffe# $ 
unfet satnnr. nafewn w ntnnn fen 7 fen 7 ni 
fen mjn awnn awfer 7 nn 7 au'ct afefef 7 na n 
1 at. 3 1 4 at. Gfefer 7 nnfei 7 na 1 fea 7 nfef 7 snira 7 

— — 0 

unwa n HHna nnfef 7 na, u# an, nffea 7 aw fe 
feT# #un aw nn nai fe# n fw fea# amn nai 
afe n fea fea anaa 7 ann nn 7 # >a# fen an ### 
want# fen ua#w fewfafe fen >a# afefhr n 
an ?w fen f>wn ua 1 fe# uffefe n 7 anaana 
owfe fe #fe afet un 7 n 1 fe# uffen 7 nt fea fean 
(Dryas octopetaia) ynat# nafttfeji 7 ant nnn naat n 
ua fen# fea a^ am 7 #? # nr>Hn #ua?r ?fet 
nfetn 7 1 uat fa awt a fema aianfei 7 fen nu 7 uwt 
>h# Hantfe fen an fe ftw na, fen nt On 1 fed a# 
naft afent n 1 fen un ann nw 7 3 a rftfen afun aa 1 
fe# Qlfefe 3 nan feunt nafet a? Hant n 1 

a. y> ^tn. fe. 7 : 687 

sd'fdcji (dofcSlof) : fan n# f# uafna, 
aan, aarnn na fe fan na nma anjt fan fern, 
Hife, ywt, f-fen, fn# na nt nn 7 , aau?r, fWa 
fe ^na 7 a afefe aw nan#? nt feut a 3 d ' fear 
naafa fan 7 tnn 7 ni ^nffej 7 aaa ant fenannt 
’fagu? nar >h# nrnafe fenfeta nar aa# fen aa 1 
fefea*- fen n# aar na fn# fen na n 7 fen ufear 
>wfe#naai 

aa^fedi feawu da af#a na'fear fe nnw at#t 
fent n >># fen a at aua w a 7 fe# fen aa 
ffea fa #n#t nixft (aaaafea-) sataai, Ud^feaT 
ad'fedr, feanagnaa satnar, utirfea ^arfnai, naa 
safear, fefe#>#aaT 3 d 7 fear, natnfea aa^feai, 
^fewTnfea (au 7 -###) snfenr, naa-faanw 
as 7 sd'fedr yrfn 1 

feffem-nn 3 1 nau an fen yffenf 7 1 #n 3 
at aaan »# »m nnraa H#r fan a 7 fan fenn 
nt aarfeaT n 7 fenanw oran 7 w fea 7 #1 naa fe# 
a?#? nt aa 7 a na 3 yaw 7 n# tiraaft n?m 
nfa»r fen 7 n w id'fedT fen nt nia#uaaft Hnawt 
fenwt #1 

33 ’feai ngata n # 3 ~fen awaw fe f aan 
afeaw a# n ana TKtffferFa ata fen aai fea 
e! naat aa a ww w ynwa anra # nw n 7 »# 
nrr 7 anaat aaa a fnaannt faau? t># nrmnt 
fenfeta 7 aw aa "at nnaa naua nn 7 #? n 7 # 1 
fen ant aarfear aaata ant fena feua afe §• 
fenwr 7 naat n fen 7 n (1) fer fe afeta (2) naw 
(3) aar nt aaa ( 4 ) aar (5) snaa 1 

grn n aaatat facfn-sfefear aa?fta n 7 
nafe? aaa ant aa fnaa fe fenfeta a an fferfe 




7 



nwte 73 iralw T33 7 & t fen- sf 7 377 : 

(1) 33d'f¥dl 73 775177 (2) H3F (3) HHJ3F 7 
(4) 33H33 HOT 73 f#H3F »fe (5) ^Pfe I 

PtfedHBl f?7d33 3dl 

cs 

ftferaHHl- fo|33 33T £ w d3 3 nlrfFdi w 
sld 55 ^d 1 fedl fold 1 H 't! 1 3 I for ydl >X3t?7 fSTFT yld 
£, F 7 # §3 STRTUfeol 3¥ 73 §'3ddl, OT 7 7737- 
twtfenf TTfe 7 3 >M3 §H tf fedd HS^CT 7 T33 7 31 
3t3 t 3H^33#fF33>^fefU^F33^3^'d 
£ dd'fedl ddSltf % 33+ >H3 t 35T?M few 
Ud?7 3 H377 7 fdT»F?7 33 1 " TJddl 3, 3 1- 3 
f?3irtfrtdd' £ FTH33 Pflldd , sfd'fedl f^JiF c(37> 
didl #3Mdl f%3 fe > >F3 T 73 FT# I 1. d3t > H3 
oTOlffeoT fedd 2. Mdr-fefdPOTR (HOT 3 7l T ?7¥d) 
3 . ¥3 ¥3d 3FF dHJt 1333 33 '©7£ 1 I 

1, tdt ’H3 oTHVfeor fddd - fed f333 3 oCh 1 
d»'¥ F3 e'feo-F tH foil'd >>3 3 §53377 33 33 1 fe<y 
fddd' f#3 feoT feH 7 3 fod'H TTHT" dfedfe fefe 7 3t 
d d 1 fed I 3f¥Hfe1 FTT! 7 §*3 dci'dl Tffet 31 3fe ’>333' 
>HH77t fLT 5373 5T3l fF77 felffel fefel 3, few 3^ fed! 
¥ddl'o|'d OTH 1 ^ddl'oCd 773f feHd 1 I U3 3oT3 3H"S : 
533 # f53fef 33 3’’ fed ’H ' fcfl H h1 T<^c 3< 33 HH- 
»ffed77t f333 H3 733’' 3 fadT? 7 fe #fecT 33 T fS3T 
>OTt?7 >H T ^3 r 3 1 Tfe feel >>{033 tfetf 7 3 tfltH 1 f## 
fedT £ fdt 3 3fW 73# F 7 §3 ££ 3Hl 5377 
s?Zt feyfet #¥d ft I feH £ dyf-fefed fed 7 Tlfe 7 3 1 
7T3 feoT ddl ¥ , rt] , H 7 3 fefe 7 f¥^ feel £ 331" 3 
3fW 73# 3+ fed TTTfefa ifel fefe 53# §3 33# 
ddT 3t feyfel 3¥d1t, for £ oTOUfFcT f#33 foW 
733 1 3 1 fed l 3#l43' 3 ofy f?7GTH 35533 dft pH 1 tH 
H j r feF 7 733 fe3 1333 Hdl feyfel 133 33 1 f^raF 1- 
3l Fid 1 fed r ?33 fe?7 few - 3t feVf3 >H3733 
f# > H T ftr > tf r oPIdl did! 3 :- 

(§■) fn# f3# #et ^3 UtroT 3 ?3 33t 733t 3 
§3 3 r >>3533 TT^ 3 1 

(M) #3t f333 f#3 f33#1>>3 H>333 3X 1 # UtR" 

^njTT >H 7 §'d1>>3 3?7 §K 3W f#3 feof f#? ^3 
3{fFH T 3t 33t>>3 U3t3 33t>>3 377 f73T £ lit. 
(tfefH3T Wfe3) 1333 733 r 31 fe3 3*3#" F># 
ftffeTit 33l»3 33 U3 »!3or #3+ ^3 f>M»3 
733l>>3 377 1 H>T33 WFFFHcT 3*f r 3 t 443°^ TTW HH#3 
33t»3 fefet»3 733t»3 377l 

(3) fefeTft 1333 f#3 OtfoT 3 ^313 »3 30W 
H>333 fefeTft dF 1 # - §3 377 f#3 fe5T #3t f333 3 
dU f#3 >HfFH T dt dtH^H 7 " Udld dtfetf 1 " 377, fe" fed 
F33 f333 #^77 fe# feF3 §3 ^fdFFdt 33 377 1 feff37Tl' 
HV333 fvlddt^r UUcT 3 77^ 73 ^343 W 



Fd^fedr (35T77 td) 

d3t>>3 dFT#' 3 77F7 HH#3 33>^fet>>3 377, # fefeTft 
33 3 TTfe 1- 3 1 H>333 HF^dMoT 3¥ T # _ UdoT 3 

7377 HH#3 3d l 0 d1>H t 377 fel# f# f333 f#3 
fety*" 773 T 3HoT 33 3 feff3>>3 TTfe 1- 3 1 

(H) 377 3t>>3 3*3^ f33# 33 3 #t. #t M77. 
(^331377 tf77fFI3T »fetd) ffe? > Hf3H T dl 33t»3 U3l3 
33t>>3 377 1 

(3) fM >W 3t 3>3 £ S3 # FTcft l33lit f3F3 
f#3 333 77^ feoT 3#3 fewt fefe 7 3 U3 

7T3 feF7 §■ Wf 3 U03 3 #ftw TFS 1- 3 3^ fe3 feof 
ferdt 3t3 d<5 H't! 1 3 1 

(or) 3dt 3 77T77 33T U43 3Hcffe3, 37753 >H3 

Fn3H^1#3 1 -?73l3 1 -3l 

2. >HdT-1#l3PH T 3 (H33 3 73333)— #513 1#H 

oltt'd'd £ >H T U3 : |' cT?7 T f#3 177U33 T d'HTi ofdrtl 3 3*" 
#FT £ 33 fed 7 3 333 FOT ffeyfet 33 €>7# 33 HF3 
H33t 73 TTTi'^d'' 31" H33 7 §7ild<i1 »Ff3t tTdfel 3 1 
fen »TOl77 H33 7 >H3 >H33 r 3t>}3 TTdfl" f#3 

FR# 177R33 7 & y3?7 »fftp>477 cFF 7 >K I §3 T 3# I HFdt 
3>3 >H3 FFFT UFft»r 3 »3UFft HOT 3 r f3P>3?7 U3 7 
3'dl€' 3 1 feFT 3 feTi 7 ^ 1 73<Y^d' 3 »4dT-1#f3W T 77 ^ 
# f#OT‘d ydW feP>33 33 r 3 v dl3 r 3 1 

3. ■33 F33 333 d'dT fd33 de'QcS 1 — dd'fedT 

OT77 ¥33 733 ferfe #t F3377 3 WF3 #3 
f333 3 f33 ¥3 ¥33 3dT 377 1 Ud 7 ^ 

0«1o«i 775t fe^y 7 333 £ >^3 >H33 ¥t 3 fecT 33 TTFT 
Dwt ¥t ¥3fo»3 73 FT0T3 7 & I fddd 7 S' dy 7 -f3d3 
1#3 fed ddl Q d d3T td^‘o( >H3 fed ddl 3t 377oT 
l¥3 33 T fe»3 73 H5T3 7 3 1 

sid'fedl FrfiPHH— S3 r fe3T 3 >>33 ¥3# 

U771H77 TTRT" F3 7 fe3T ^771573 3 fe>>3 T33 7 3 1 feH 3 
3f33 U77 >H3 fW3t 7737 F3 7 fe3T H3 T f3 7 ¥t »3 
733 1 31 feH 3t ¥dd dF33 >5f3 >>3f3 

f53t Sfl# 733t 31 ?5#3 3 #3 3t ¥d3 ¥33 ^3# 
F¥77-f77dH T 3 7 5733 3771 3^, d3T3 T 3 3FT W 
3dT3'3 U77fe77 (UFT377) £ ¥33 FI333 7 777# Ife^ 7F3t 

fe^fsr foy 7 £ 333 ^"uf fesr fsorn nfew T33 7 31 

fed 3^ f# 3dH >H3 fOTPdt £ dtfe-Pddd' 5731 
felHdH'd) ddcV ¥l dd3 S 7 feFldH'tt cTdcT 7 dt f57>>3 
T33 7 3 1 33 feof H 7 f3 > >fH 3 >>333 313 >H3 tt'd 377 
fTTTy 7 ofdF fey 7 £ JHFT #>3 57Hl feoT 33 3 Uf377 
13^1 7331 31 nrn yyfed Hrfwn 077frr?7 F^fedr; 
377 3 fe»F3l dd'fedl >H3 FfedF dd'fedl 3771 

nn'<e<n fetrfefe 331 

dd'fedl f¥3 fdi3fe)3 3 H'UFcS' »OT 337T 7 73 
fo(dd 77S" 733 377, 33 7f3~ HOT feH 3 5737 

33 T33 7 3 H 7 fej 57H?7-¥ T 77l f#33 33 7331 31 
H73¥3 73 77H77 7 #f¥Hfet U3 7 3 >H3 H73¥d1 77H3 S' 




8 



o^d'fed, rTO" tttl^l §>rHte 

oTSfUH d3* 7 HffiM 7 " WW O' I fen et ¥33 535 §" ¥53 

HH'¥al y<i 7 §5 ^ °rtet eet ei sfd'fyar da fife e 

feCTH 7 " S 1 fert'^ 1 33 ¥t cftll feCTH 33, ftTt^ 1 " et ■Sdd 
faddi-rat fedUe adl fi'6i> ftjl of] dl did! I fed PcS MH” 
ne^at feefetfi' ae 7 ^ eat ^r^at ins’ we foae 

effinra 33:- 

1. ferrHt?r et neea 1 ", fan efa fe" fee 

ye'0<* 33 e ?W 53t 33t d'dlal I 

2. fosaefe e 1 " fan eta (fe fee f^fee 1 " afe, 
§n e ye" aw 7 " §e te 7 " uae eat ue 7 " efele 1 " i 

3. fsJ id 1 yl 6 eta M3" Qy e faj£idi <ve eee 7 " 
ae 7 " a 'die a i 

4 . feaefe fan eta 0* 3 fefee 7 " a, fa e 7 

HatateWere fadf ) jfe r 3 t 5 r ef ttfe<t' 3"5W 0!ol¥' 
35 7 "e 7 3te r 3i 

feafefc e eefe aje— naeat feafete e aje 
nattenat aee 7 " e fea l "-¥na e yaw e ye urn fee 
375" Udfi a 7 " WdU c(«Rje, dtlddl , aH^dV] Ho(« ¥'W 
M3 eraa-fafe (fa sec erae) ye ae i 

aaeat fee at e eter famfe-a a -e a t feaelfi 

tiler ffiH3 ffttfe fdO H eeleF fcfHH 7 " dc6 : 

1 . 573533" (alloves) feafete, 

2. 5153 feafefe M3" 

3 . fo( fi 1 dl (Border) fs# fd 1 fcfl * I 

3. y- e5. fe. 7 : 656; >>73. »f>t. 2 : 336 

^trfye, W 7 > UH'alrt : fee 

tfiH'dcfl tldlrt<9d' fane 1 " ■HcSH" 13 Sdddl , 1852 3 
cfdrSddlfi fed" afaer, 5 New General Catalogue of 
Nebulae and Clusters of Stars tH" Ho(<H>6 ofte T Ffl" tt 

1888 fee Uorfee aat Me fee e aae-Sa" aaa 




dd'fej, tF 3 ttfWl tfe'eltt 

1895 Me 1908 fee ucefee aai efe ¥t fee feerat 

tzwaT 1 fee fecr ei fen 3 aa ¥t afet yuwl" aeefe" 



aeteri He 1882 fee fee feat w ferae 3 fee 
mw fee 0 y 5 H'» T e 7 e^feeeye 55 taiM 7 ! 53 
1 91 6 fee s^fee MHewtcra" wfeet" e fen§" ne e r 
3 KeF uew ofte 1 " Me 1923 e 1924 ee fee wfeet" 

e 1 " IJU'O fdO 1 ! 

14 neae, 1926 e Mfentde fee fee el" ne e 

afel" 1 

3. U.->?t?r. fe W. 3 : 666 

'of'SloWlfcSdl : efefeetfeer M 3 ew aw 

♦v *s — 

eefet otu# Jee ^377 el" fee feel" e fee fee ewl" et 
e 1 " ene 33 w ? 3 e iee ee 1 efe tt ?ee et 

5533 MAH'd e 3 T ?53 ¥33 35 fee feet e 1 " He 

Horne M'ddifeor ure 1 " Me H 5 '-fe¥ i 3 cr r fee eue 1 " ffe 
¥53 ae e fdrt'Oe ?rw ttfe 1 ", ee ; ew M 7 fe ^3 
crdcV e i 

cfet hw 3cr efefewtfear feet enete Me 
7 Z 5 W ¥337 ¥53 H 555 lrt" UteoH" et ¥d 3 §3 Mtrfee 

nt i efe wraie ure Fit tie w ffere ?iw 33 efet- 

•\3S K 

owtfeer 33 ?e et ee fe 3 ?fe eeti 55 1925 fee 

He sray tyesr (feor OewlMH" settee eew fene 1 " 

fe MHetMi" Me dtu 1 ?e crfeicT 1 " e etra 1 " odd 1 ferM 1 " 

at) feefae SfeM 1 "! fesr 3e 0^»1 mh uteer fen 5 

140 ° er. fee 1 " efe 1 " ?r, ee fee nrfeM 1 " 1 fen w ifee 1 " 

0 y '« eee 1 " Me T755 eernw Qfe 1 eft 1 ^raae 

3 <ferteyfe ; <‘Hlo(rtdMelrt 1 * Me eaor^-Metwte 

¥ 3 ^ eefe era srKntfeeefeteewe uwot et ee e 

♦\ 

e T ¥ee fe?f ee 1 " tyee 7- et ¥ 3 e ¥U 3 get aeti 
mh^of fee sJjylowlfed! eet fiwe 1 " ¥ee Cr^Imh 
uwer et et e^t set ee eelM 7 " 5 edsrwdMelwte 5 
enete feeti MHetoe e se 33 en 7 " fee 
gfetorfidMetHtTS" et ¥ 3 e cftet efet e 1 efddte 1 " 95 
cnee oto l^srHefele et eee ¥ew efet- 
swtfeer fee fewgw ae e afet 1 

uawe efefeetfeeT Maraae 53 5735 e 1 efefe 

•v — s 

iwfe" feee ^ufeM 7 " e e T 3 F, tjfaM 1 ", m 7 ^ eat tire 
ortet teet 31 fee e Here fea 1 filer jefe ew 
orufeM 7 " et u ^'5 eat 337 aee 7 " e Me aefi", eatM 7 , 
ftfeer" e tie, arfee" Me eaalM 7 " aaeera ete 1 " e^ 
ee 7 " ei fee e erat fe^ 5 et fem ere 337 
eww eaa 1 " ea feer ww 3 1 33 eu# se erar 
3505 , faefet orae, efetowte srae ere fefefaar 
eat ept aefee 7 w teeter eeter 351 yeet 
feet fee orfet ara ne" eue tfeeterf fr nafeae 
ufecr fee tr tee ee" 351 utee ¥aa ee" ere 
tee 77 w e 7 # feat §" tQe" ee 35 1 37 e, feat, ae, 
yere ere orraae e 55 ^aatter arater eraweate" 
feater fori'Oa: fi' e ea i-reter 35 1 faa eg 1 " ea 
aat arat ae" wee ere na-ffew e feaea ¥ 3 % 



9 



sijyfed, ^vfftur uff 



guru 1 " fuu ##t tfeFt u ft# urecr feu feur hfOttff 

UFTTfetui 

sfjylowlfcdr feut f huiu 1 feu# fet^r get u 

f FF fez fe?# FUfeft 1 " §■ feoT UUF77 fez WH^ 
^y urffo? orfeft" H'ti 1 u i so f5di (ufot FU77 1 ") 
fecf sfyo! feu ofldl H't/l U ftT# ftrtd' f ftFfut UF 
WZ U77I S'dldSlfAUT UFfe feu HF F 

Ffou ofdldid era - gu ora?r ,?w uf 1, u Pddd 1 fe 

OT §" U£'<it! r U ft# fe?# §" FUT dHrfefecT 

ufw", wz w srufet ft# zm huh zzz # fu 

c(d*d' U I fed ofdldld feF UTS" F 1 " ?t ftlW 3W 1 # fe 
feF F^ Ft HFfet fed# d19idd 77# cTUTTt U ft# 
#HHU Ft HU? Zt fe?7t <s!dd<*1 U I 

feftSPHUT fefuft 1 " feu #UW H# cflifefti" # UK 
oc^z ft 1 ## 1 " u i fefer #u # Hsfefer ftu-u? 1 " 
HhIcV ## cTUTU UH d<£ Hdld Ph tt 1 fcfl < '<6 olS t)tt 
WZ UF faUF 1 " fe fu 1 # UF HU77, Uf# ftfe H 1 ## 1 " U 
ft# fe# HUF ttrildl fesfet W #H Z\ ^UUt U I cfet 
SW FUfeft 1 " §" UU 77# UF oftF 1 " Fferui 
u. y - >>te. ft;. 7 : 709 

3'ylcf?# W7> : fen #u# ftUlUH ofet, 

nfFUoT ft# cVUdd'd Z T FTTH 9 ftUTHF, 1631 §" 
ft'SdPddS TTWJUFpHU fe# Ufeft 1 " [ feF # 
%FUfH7TH'dd HdUT ft# PuPcS'Ul ccrid dTy# FfefFft 1 " 
IFUFoflFtl 18 FTWFt^HU feu feF # ftfUc# ufu#t 
effeu 1 " fe#t I H77 1659 feu crUftt# Ft HF ## fe#t 
feF Ft UU77 1 " HUF HUF^UUF Ul ‘dH^HA’ fe# F# 
feufer feF dfdd'd' £ w rgfer affe^F’ (1660) 




FFT sJJdlsiA 

F # # 'ftTTF fed'^rWH' (i667) FF fe##F #■ 

uyFfen - U77 1 



Ffefe?7 ofet F^ 7ZZoC #t fWJF 1 ’ feuri ‘z\ 
< 'dirts! #[#fe , (1663) feF Z r UfeTF ftF ‘&Z 
UrfeftUfe’ ftFK TTW.Ft I 

50 FF? Ft §HU feF UFt £ ftFFF5H ft# 
ftFld r d# feF Ft F'doOd UF77 r U I ftUIUFt FFF feF 
feU ftFfet Ut feFK Ft feoT VRFF feftUTHFt UFfTTtFF 
oTfeF'' Ul feF F HU1F Ffefe7T Ft ftUT#t feftUTHFt 
orfeF 1- £ HcfU# 0 fF , UorfeF UFt fe[U#t 4 FF7 Ufef# 
1678 feF fW# Ufet Fft I feF df-dd' feF d'dlsJA # 
f# F UTF 5fet HFt# F T |F HUF tFrfeft 1 - U I H77 
1682 feF UF'PHd ‘fefttFO feF fed IFF F 

UUHUF FUF W FHUF77 ft# Ffe^FF F 5WHF F 
FtHU FUF UF oft# UIF U77 1 fet Ufefe ft# Ft UFU’ 
(1687) feF Z r Ufefu UftfeoT UjFF T -#FU Ul feu feel 
#T1F UFfHF feftUT U ft# feF Ft F¥ F ##t FfeF 1- 
Ul 

#7 1668 feF HU festftH FF77U Ft HF HUIU 
FfetFS £ UFT ofet yi'fyftTfUPJFlFHFUHUlufeF 

# Ffet fefFUUT #UF feftFF oflF T fuift - ! 

^TFt 10 FF FoT feu #F ufe F U[EF F 
ftFF# feF ?5UF feU 1 " I ftUFt HF F §U FH+ UfUF 1 " 
feF # H77 1700 feF ‘tUFF H7TFtftU ftF H 1 FU77’ 
UHFF feut f#F feF UHU, §feF, ttlft# ft# FFTU 
Ftft 1 " oTUfetft 1 " Ft feftfedft 1 " UF off#f I feF UFF UF77 1 " 
feF HU FU # #U ft# FtHoO<5 ' UF H d 1 fe ft# TTF 
HHUl Fg 1 " Fg 1 " Ftft 1 " FH PH ft 1 1 FFT" FFUF U77 1 

£ d"fe('HU ftTF 3T , 77 r F l ’ (1670), ‘HfeF U W HF’ 
(1672), 'ft# UF FU’ (1679), £ #t HF77’ (1682), 
fe FfeT Uft FU Hfettlft" F’ (1687), £ ft#UlFFUF 
UfFU’ (1697) ft## feF F FU fft 77^ ft# 
dfUF r d' U77I < ftF ftTU FHfeoT QfeFt , (1668) 
FfetF?7 Ft #F Ufe Ft ft T #F77 T FHor UF77 1 " Ul 
FfetF?7 HFFt FfUF 1 " ufet Z\ HfTTftT Ufeft 1 " Ft I feu 
ftFJ# HF Z T HUF-#FF tfeoT ft# feftnjUT 
OtFFUrfet feftcTFt Ft I 

UTcUtft 1 " UF" cTU77 HFt, 1700 feF feF Ft HF U 
Ufet ft# feF §" tFUfH?TFUU ft# fe# FdtVpHft 1 " 
felft"! 

U. y - >>ft. ft. #. 5 :1062 ; nft. 4 : 645 ; 
ft. 7 : 710 

6j'#l<^d, H>PH75T #7JtT : feF ftUiUF ft#t#t' 
fedU 1 *' ft# UUF-#UFH# W F7TF 2 ftcTFFU, 1846 

# H'Qh U^c*) feu Ufeft 1 " I ft’cfFUUF F feTTFFUU ft# 
f?T@" d'PttH fe# fiffuft 1 " ITOF SU77 #UUF H77 1870 

# 1883 FoT feu Ot) Ut US’ ftF fetUftoT fUU 1 " I F77 
1883 F feF # Ut fe# F UtfoftF QIfU ft# 



eJ d 1 5 tH cS , 3'cS dlHd'^ 



10 



MfeH.5d3 y ^rfetny yyy y a?73 g# Myy ynf nfeM 7 faQ'la 19 g3 1884 fey fenyt gyfe, 3 
HyrfoM 7 ! 33 1876-1884 3^3 fen 3 ‘§773 fey H3 9" yfet I 

dHd'Hfe 3 MdldtHl M< 5 g't! § HU<t fey HOt! o(ld"l I y _ 9 : 403 . fg - i ^{t. 4 : 232 



fen n Mnjy 7 nfe3 '§753- ynynfy’ §T yyy 

M3 - fen 7 hhf 3 fen M3 fen yt feMTfyM 7 ay3 fen 
TTUFfew i ydd'?)fel fefyMyntM 7 £ '§753 ynyfefe’ 
yfTfetH'fddd MWyArgHSrT^nfeTFl'dd^'Qci 
wnf fen 3 nyygyyn fey w at3n fen yf feyn 
‘fedd^cOHcS y yt feddnd m 7 ? yT §773 yamM 1 ?’ 
(1891) 3 7>3g3 fey^'cS 7 $ 933 U3'fe3 I fe 
^tefefer »r77 yT yfenr m 7 ? yt yfen fe77 ytfe§° 
(1870) ‘?fen Myy yt ytfe§ yann M3 yt yfenfet 
wz yt nan »f3 %M77’ (1901 ) m^ fen yfer an 
feyn 7 33 1 fen3 ‘S3tM77 ; (1901), ‘yt nfefen ufeyn’ 
(1905), •Mofesin’ (i9ii), ‘nTTtfen’ (1911) ynna 7 
»rfe yt U3377 gt atnt 1 

26 sagyt, 1914 3 Mfenfyy fen fen ytH 3 y 

did! 1 

O', y- §3 fa. 7 :696 ; §3 M>). 9 :337 



sdOidHl : fen y-feyyyfe yfeM 7 yt fey 577 
y n fen «yl yfnn y fa fen 3 nfe h yd affe-Mfyfet 
03 1 fen §77 yW 7 yy yyfetM 7 M 3 90 nfetM 7 077 1 
37 W fen yy yyf 7 fe 773 gn^ - ynfet y fan fen 85 
h'JIm 7 nony o* [Yic^ 1 fey HftfWGtH M3 gt?7nTT 
ynfetyyu yfnn 33 n nfet 3771 m 7 fey few nfetM 7 
y 77 IMrtddfesJ' yfet fen fe ?53 gW fey U 3 7 3 fen 
etM 7 n ^ 7 7 fet ynhi 7 1 nsfef - 7737 yt ferre 7 nTTn 7 
fey yy yy 7 nyfeyfeten y y yynt an-nyiyt 333 
fey feTTyyi 

o. y- §3 fa. 7 : 698 

si d 1 h! < 5 1 : fey fewfeyl §77 yfaf 7 an fetfe 
nfetM 7 w ytr n 7 mmi m 3 inn^t n 7 tt 7 yi yyfet 
y^lM 7 3 yiyn POThm 7 fen fec ^ 7 3PM 7 50 nfetM 7 

fHTT^tM 7 U3 1 fecj 7 3 U3 MOl - 33 3 773 M3 U33 §3 

y ?7 1 m fd lor dnln fey yyr stM 7 gy gy yrr 7 d'WlM 7 




sJcJ'fetfer, rTfeT diHC^ : fey nyK77t y 7 fen Q77 ^m 3 fy^ 1 3 y77Mg nfe 3^|3 y?7i fy^ 1 

ufnn fefdd ' Hd ' d M3 fnM'Hdd 7 ?) yfeM 7 y i fen ^ ^ 5id ' H ^' T ^ 0< *^ ^ 

n 7 377K 6 tJTnet, 1808 $ IFHMoTTTtM 7 fey 
yyyfe- fey yfeMn fey n'Hddl wnn fefeTM 7 ^ 

M 3 fefetm 3 t fnfeM 7 WJ 3 3377 §033 oft 77 , 

§ 77 M 3 ydfe'A fey unny fey 7 ! 

fey 1848 yt y.di '^3 gy yy 3 fen§" 
ydcc.ddy iFoTTfey n 7 Hfey yfeM 7 feiM 7 m 3 
fecFTTor nvfet y 7 nsiyyl" an 7 fefe 7 feiM 7 ! 
yMTTtny fey sffe feynr-yyyfeM 7 n feyt 
nipyy 5 ryy- nti §77 1849 fey yy 1 unM 7 y 
y 'tdH'd <Soi fdo fedil mh yn 3 u 1 d <G 1 ny y orfyy 

*v 

Hd'Hc( MHd'fe T f 33 7 3 7 s;d l 9 d( 5 ' 3 #d | ydld 1 

ytyMyifey 7 ! 

fey 1840-51 y yy^ afe fey yy fey 
fenyst y 7 Qfny fe y 7 a'yn jyHgy 7737 fkf 7 fe 
fenfe 1806 fe. fey HWHfedi, yfenyfe M 3 
few 7 ^ y M r ufe nfefe y 7 fefeynr fefyM 7 1 fen 
7737 yyy nfe yynn gfehr 3 tnnw 7737 
yyry ufep feyy H 377 yfe 1 §nfe 33 H 3 7 yp 
fer§ y^ - mmt w uyt fe nfe lssife. fey 
yfenyfe # 3333 1 fen 7 fepy n 7 fen fe offe 
fey u^fen 7 ^3 fe §3 fey u^'Q ^ 1 gy ay 
fen 7 M 3 fen yt 1851-52 fe - . fey fenfei 3 #3 



yy 



offe 7 



y fear yyyy ohm 33377 31373 cryn yt 3 fec§ yyt e 7 3ddi77 yy y 1 fey yy Mnfet §ny y fed '3 ttt^ 
offeti fenfe Mnjfe 3 fe 3 y M 33 337 ysFM y 7 gg3 ay ay nfe 7 y 1 fen fy 3 fen^ 3 gyp ny 
fefeyry feyy 3 yp Traife yy fen an 3 §y fey tt 7 irffeT 7 yffey yg fetM 7 fey gynt feyt nt 1 



11 



3Hfet SFt HfetM’’ 



HBfeB fBB 1868 B zf&T) fBB f^flB BW 
MfetH 7 feBHH 23 Ht. ffe r lfelfeBB r Ufa 7 14 Ht. Ht 
MB’ feHB 1 " o<y Hf. fUTF rt HHicS ^UH dfd fHTM 7 Ht 
feWHT offB r tFB 7 H fer §H 6,000 W UH^B 7 Ht I 
fecfe HtF B fecT fBB BHT B 7 fHH 7 ^ fBBWB 7 O' ferns' 
sJHHiBfel HBB fen 7 PPB 7 HI fe?fe pF BtM 7 B 
HfetM 7 (D. fragran? MB D. goldieana) MMT BH B 
Hlfe IFfH fBH HftM 7 rPBtM 7 UB I 

§F B cPHB cftB feB sJd'HtcV HB feH (MB Ht 
fHBBt BBBt oPHfeBfefc UiPBt IBB HtftlB H7TI 
feH MWH, HHT MB ufeM^ Ht MHHHBt BBt tfeFB 
IBB HB MB fen HtlBd' H 7 HTtB B§H UfBM 7 BH 
HOB rt 1 d c( 1 dl U7T I 

O’, y - ’Jfe. fe. 7 : 620 

cJ'ofcSdyaiJI : BHBt MBHfe 7 Bt feH fecT 

K 

UHHBt BBt H feRJBt fBH-yHHt <'TT^ 1 «’ IFB B 
Btfefe B MHT BHB-UHHt BlT-feB 35T 1 125 fe. Ht. B 
HBH ffH iBt HBt HI fen HBHllBB, BHW MB 
Hfeafet dldd'H £ dfesPB, MW ft HBB MB ffeHH 
?HB BH BHBt HI HHW Bt HBBH UH feH M.HdTdft 
§fef UBB 7 BTHt fecT fHH 1 HUH feHBt fB'Ht Bfet 
Bt UHHf-MB Btfet HB B ?HB ?HB BHH HI feH feH 
MHBB 3,000 Ht. B 3,333 Ht. BoT ^fet HI feH Ht 
feH Bt HB B §fet fHHH 3,482 Ht. ffet HI BHtB B 
BofcSHHddl 260 fe. Ht. B HBH ffH MWBSt B 
felBBB MMHT HB I yHHt fOH B HHHB 7 B Hf FMF 
ffH oTBBBH 7 orfHB HB PriH B d B felft fefHt Ud'dl 

J | 

B 7 fecT BB ?HB tfetM 7 tfetM 7 UHfefM 7 B O’ I fef 7 
fHHfM 7 Ud'ritM 7 B BHB MB yHH ffH fef 7 Bt 
Qh'« 1 Ujfe Hfet H frW feH BfetM 7 B 7 HU HH BB 
HB I fBH-USH icrt ft fed d«l d«l ?ft¥ T 3 T O'W <ft 
fi-TB tfeB UB I feH feH ffB F3B MB fufeyf HffetM 1 ' 
HB I d'H^'M ffB feH feUH MB fefHH ufe 

fB HB I Bfet OT B UHHB HHBtM 1- ffH HHH ?HB 
BB HfeB HBI feB - IRFB BtM 1 " 5fet feyfe HH^ Bfer 
HH ?fet offertMT HfetM+l s^'ofcSHHddT §HH HBt 
HdHTHF MB UHHB - MBHtM^ ffet BftlHT HHHB HB I 

U. U - dfe. fe. H r . 4 : 213; ^?T. Mil. 9 : 332 

sS'd'cSHl'WT, WTfrWT HtVfhytW : feH 

M.ddloC B 1 " HB B ufHB 1 ' Sfefet rt'cfest Bft Ht H 
UBft HBt B ftlSB MCT'ffB tBB 5BHB MHtB 
H'fddct U7TH THHTBt BHB HH UlHH H [HM t I feH B 1 " 
B77H cTHHB fff HfeM 1- ! Ht feH B d«S'fed1 
MRcHdoT BHBfet fHfW UBB sftBt I feH Iw f?H 
Softs’ HB fe?>r I Hf ffH fBB feH B UH ffH HB UH 
HHTH feH B HB HH ftw feP>H feHB MHJBt 

fecT orffB r tfB HfetTHB Bt URH 1- ffet Ht I 



feHBt UfeBt HBB 'Romulea' felWHor B 
BBHfBB BffB^ B T HHjfe 5# I feH BtM^ HH HB?^ 
ffB ‘Aegraitudo Perdicae', ‘Orestis tragoedia' ‘De 
Laudibus dei’ M T fB 1FHB HBI MBfft UHBcT fBB 
fi-IBB' ffBHlfeHH'Hfe'rt #BM 1 'H i rdH HlfeHHBB r 
1%B feHHt HBB, ^H W UBB, U¥ Bt feMRSB 1 ", 
HH r dc^ HBBt MfeB ffH fWB ftB HTH HB I 

y.y- >H?r. MVf. 9 : 291; fe. VT. 3 : 651 

srwfw : I45id<s Bt M'HMHd W HfeH 

K — 

H I HB 1959 BcT MB5HB W HBH-HoPH HB 1- 
5-ft I lift B 12 ft HBt ffH feH B ^BHBB ffet 
HHHH Ht HH MtT5f?y feH HHHB, HBHBt HlH, CfefetMH, 
HHTMmH HtfetT Bt iPB-HBfet ffet HHHH H I feH 
BF5B §BHHT ft HH^HB HBI BB HB cTHB, HHtcB 
MB efetMT KHtM 1- ^HB 1- H3;’'G'<i' feH BtM t 
JPH HrtMB’’ HB I feH MtHMHJcT tHHBfet Ant)' ft HI 

M T H T Bt - 70,000 (1982) 

49°2l' fBH. ; 23°30' U. BH. 

H. y,-»>lH. fe. y. 4 : 229 

srrat : BfetHHHsrt §b b, ynfet BBtM 1- b 

HHfeB HStM^ BtM 1 - BcfetHB 20 TTBtM’’ f ^fet feH 1- 
TPB r H I BHHlHB 25- 30 H. Ht. BH, HH HH yH BB, 
cPB H3T B fel7 HetM^ B HH B HB dfet BB HHfe Bt 
BHfet B BHTB BH HB HBI d'dd B T Bfel H^T 
(Sumiculus lugubris) MB sfjdl BHHF HB 1- H MB fed 
MBB MB BBt B MH^ fBB IBB 1- H I 

•s <J 

H. U - dfe.fe. 7 : 670 

^u'ar vrntw : fen MdBBcfeB w 

d ' H <Sl dl “d 1 rt Ht friH B BtT Bt Hd^fed 1 rt'id cidfriM 1 " 
Bt BHHt BHBt S' Hfew B feH ffHH SHBT fefeB 
HHBH Bt feHtl feH 6 HHt, 1859 S’ MdiTcSdlcB B 
fear HB-HHB HfeBB fBB HBBH MHtB fBH HB 1- 
HfeM 7- 1 BBt MPH fBB Ht fed MB ftM'dlG B 7- Bfe 
MBfeH HfBM 1 " I HF Bf^>f fHB HH5PH & fffet MSHH 
fBMHB H felM 7 MB feH fHB 1 BtTBHB 1- H^fet fBB 
HHoHcff HHfePM Bt BHHt B^Bt BHB feH £ HBlft 
HHfoM 7 B 7 BBtH H^fw felM 7 ! feH flit feH S 
MHHBHtB 1 ' B BBtH B feci fefdd'Hol fBBt feft fed 
fBB BHfet fefeB Bt" ffHcT Hfe BWfet tfet Hfetl 
fe-7 1907 fBB HBT fBH- STBt HH T fHB HHB HHHt HBt 
fectcJ d B 1 fBB Bt feH B Mnjfet BP^fet Bt Hfdf?7UB r 
oftfet I feH B B HHH fHB ffedt MH-HOfeW fBB 
HBt B BHM HHHt HB 1- HBt fHBB T B B HHFB ffet H. 
H. M. MB HHBfetM 1 - BMPH 7 fe’HfBB ftB BtfefBB 
B 7 HHH a^rfeM 7 felM 7 ! HMBldl HHHt ^df<Hd1 
BW HB cfHB feH £ MBHHWHt fBM 7 Bt HHfet 




12 



usurps, urufu Ortfuu uuusu 

mu'ws ut hu-hu 7 sM £m wu stm u 7 hu 7 
Jiffew UU 9 gS, 1921 £ huts us 3 ufos 7 ut 
ferret H3 u unO i 

U\ y - ^7T. fe. 7 : 622 

sJd ‘tlH '<S , dttdld ddiPdof ddd Wd 

sJrtH'dd U fe5T c(dl , rt'^ttd'd ’>13' fdddd'd U 7 HrtH 
fejrtudis feu 9 MddHd, 1846 s ufewi wustM 7 
HUUt o(fedfe d 'drt fed sirtH'dol U 19 Ut Htfl U 

fw sfetM 7 feu ferfew hssut 7 ! 

gu 3 ut fen s hOus sw gyre ftpnre mu urns 
feus U 7 HUS HUT 7ft I ferr CPUS ut feu s wus 7 
Ofert HHUUt fefuM 7 £ feddS 3 HU odd' I HS 1871 
feu S3S HS 3 feH U 7 fws HFFfecT HFffaWH" 
?S few I feH 1 HUH W £ feu HUH U H3fe U UTUH 
US feU FPllS U fell HS 1872 feu feH S 
MHJStM 7 oT'fedfe Ot ufost UH3oT ‘Digte’ Hoofed 
cftut frTH feu feH S M 7 US HFTfeu ’>13’ Huut feufe 7 
S UUTU offer 7 feH Ut HUUoT ‘ut fUHH M3 33 ut 
feUTSH’ (1878) feu UH UUfet U UFPUHU Ut SS3 
feSS" cTUS feH U 7 H3fe UIUU TUU feUH Q-dUS u 

few 1 feu 1880 u suruuT fen s ufeusfere u fsu 

d^ferel fuHufes Musrfewi 

<S 'ddc< j rt 1 dd, fSoft UUfet M3 rt'^W feu feH 

u 7 Hus uuths fe uu fen utM 7 crfeB 7 ^ 7 hmuts 

HFT feu HU3 HU33UUS HHHU fe ! HfetdS Ut ‘3S 

uhs’ u 7 tfsH hff feu ^su 7 uu^- fen s mtus 
w £ uur uffecpu crure fuu 7 ui fen utM 7 ofet 
feus 7 £ HUH 3 ut OfeW few, ‘t«3 Ut Hfeu’ 
(1879) ’>13 ‘Hallfred Vandraandes Kjald’ (1900) 

sw 7 reus fen £ huh uferut fest i fen u ?r^u 
uuu ciuu fen u wife iffes urut fuuuu Oh ^uu 

US ftfe fel ‘Forskrevt’ (1890) feu Ul feH ufef 7 
^UUUT, S^U 7 >H3 cM'Sfel 7 fefe uu festfe 
UH3cr US I et Haras U’feu (1899) feH ut H# fefest 
UI 

14 risfel’, 1908 S UUSHS feO feH St H3 U 

dlOl I 

<J. U.— >>IS. fe. H 7 . 3 '■ 651; cTU. 6: 377; ’’fe. 

>HVr. 9 : 291 

6M'*hT : uufer feu OfeH eferu u uuuure 
ufe' 5 fer. fe. uf gfe" u Hfe3 ferfej OfeH U 7 ut 
ffeu-UUHt HTWSt §U-SUTU UI ffe HUfefe UU^ 
tTUHS 7 U 7 .ddfe Qfe olHU 7 U rl'S HU1U feH HfeU 

fefe uyu-yuHt fen utxr ferruu 7 §■ ?reutut uu 7 

feu 3UUtU cffe 7 few fe I feu 1914 3 1 1944 £\. 
3tcT -<^d ' hIhI >H3 Mdtfl tTUft o(01 , ftTiy Ut felSdl 



UUt 120,000 Ht, £ SUSHt U fe^ 7 UU 7 feu tu 
c(dcS fUS" TTUHTUt U SHfet cTU 7 feu uftw fePX 7 Fit 
feH HU3 HU 3Ut HU U1H HSI UU'flM sfet >X3 
cTCUoPU HcfH UcTH fefe U feoT tfe feu HS 1944 
feu UH 33 few Ht I 

WUUt - 60,122 (1982) 

U. y - ^tu. fe. H 7 . 3 : 656 

: feu HU ut fed ' 01 ufeuut HUUUfet 
3S USfet (Avoidupois System) feu 1/16 H1H 
(27.34375 UTS W 1. 772 UFH) XT3 WTU-feuUU 7 
USfet (Apothecaries System) feu 1/8 OfH (60 U]S 
fe 3.888 UFH)UHU 7 HUUfeUI3U T HHHUUt?U3 
1/8 3US Wf U Hd'Hd ut FTHfet HHUEF ffet oftfe 

uret ui fediA'3 feu sure hhu crdsfexs ut feur 

MHol, OUtHd rT 7 cSHtl'd HU’S SUt ?Uf3W HU 7 U I 
feH ffet Hd'HHfsW feu SUh-f-UTU (Dram-House) U 7 
UHH-UcTS HHU ^Ufew HU 7 U I 3HH HHU ysfel 
sTH 1 U drahm HHU U 7 HtUtwUHcl UU U fTTUU 7 fed 
O' dirt fed" H13 HU ffet ^Uf3W tFU 7 Fit filH U 7 H?' 
§St W HF3H 3 Fit fest fed - feXToTUt XfUU UH 7 feu 
UUHHUTU#! 

U. U.~ >fa. fe. H 7 . 4 : 213 

3" r H?>' ; THUfe feu §HS HfeU 3 UyU-UgH 
*\ 

feu HHFTSH" ufew U Hd'S fejU HHH feGd^ U 

•s — — 

FFUHU feU HHd'U crG dt Ut Ureufet UlfeUHUU 7 
xraut FTUHS U »T3 UH Ut HUUUFU ut U I wfetj'feH 
HUX13 7 ?t Q"rtd US fefe" feH HHH, Sofet Oldrt, 
H^feU, UH3 7 , Hrt'Hfed, feust U 7 HHS, HUTU 
wfe ye'Ge 1 HHS UI feH HfeU ut HHUH 13?t 
FTUt feU HUU 7 HfeU HSt W 3 HUU7WT M3 HUHHH 
fe UIW HH3tW HSS S^ UUt Fftl HS 1715 feu 
feU HfeU HS UfetW 3 1811 Ht. feU UUTS ?US fes 
U fed Hfeld Ut HS" ufetw ferj 1 3 feg 7 U 7 7T 7 UKU 
UfUM r fUTW I 

WHUt - 51,880 (1990) 

59°44 / f. feH.; 10°15 / U. SH. 
u. y - >>Tsr. fe. H 7 . 3 : 656 

37H7> : OOst-UUHt THU% ut HHd'U 
feU UUTS HS 7 feU feU UlUW U feH £ HHcTHSH" 
U 7 HH ?t Mnre US I feu UfSUT UUH3 7 utw USS 7 

•v 

§UU feoTS £ UUH-GfeU-yUH ut feH feu ^UTU 7 
ufew UFS FTfeU feu. UHJS U UU 7 U M3 feH 3 MUT 
feU-UUS-UUS-UUH US HU 3UU 7 Ufew <US 309 
fe. Fft. U 7 UH 7 3M cfUU HHS HfeU S# Ut flOt Ulfet 
feU feUT £ FTHUU feU SU U HU 7 UI fed 17,100 U. 
fe. Fit. H3U U 7 US-fSHH cfUU 7 !f 1 fen fuu us- 




fytHttl ?5fe UV UFj' 7 ' c(do( fev feuw HIT fi-iul fetl 
fev VUT FUW J^UTV feV VI fm V WET ITV Wm 
Uctfehi WT SVfe feu?7 V Vraiffe fe BUT VV VFT I 

59 ° 44 / §. fev. ; 10 ° 44 / U. AH'. 

U. y- nft. ft. H r . 3 : 214 

: for wfe §fe fe fev vw vfe, 
fev vfefeuvvmv>H#Hsfe vuft vfeFvrw v 
^71 (fund'd sfe #v§sr)i 

V. y - nt?T. ft. 7 : 669 

sfd'ft 1 : fev ferv #vfe guv fev fffcfv 
feuw fe vf vs few ho ' fed Frfew few hv Fife 
vi fev feufe fev ffewv v Frwfew vrafed wsuw 
urnfe few f?>d«fe v wf yufe few few <sfefe vwf 
wvfew few prat v i fm fen t few fev v i 
fev Fife 719 fur. fe. &fe vi dufd'w fm fe wsinr 
uvfew few iffe few wfe sfe v i guTwsfwfew 
fodid'sJ v (StdtTloi' hu 7- Fife fen ft?? - w fewfe vi 
fm fev guiHftfelw v uurfe fe uvvfe warfe vfe 
y^fevfevi 

swfera vw wvf ww-fewfe vmw WHfew 
fe wv fewfe v fev fufe uv srau vft i for fe fw 
WW ffevfeW sfew BVf H3F 7 Vfe dfdtil VI feUS 
feVW WT WHfew feWW UW f%V "iTd ' td d ' F7l V 

nwfe vi uuv ss 1 uft wr ws mfef ^u 7 ^ 7- vfe 

Ufef fe TiteVEfe Vfe fev VUW UV HF 7 I WlfefW 

wf gfemstw v vfe uferv fevu fer v wfew §v 

fel UV VFT I 

V. y- >?ft. ft. K 7 . 3 : 658 ; W 7 . »ft. 9 : 361 

ftoT^W, tTfer : fev fev ftvrav vfe, 




H'F) sjfdd^'ee 

fvuwww wf wwww fe few 1910s wf 1920# 1 
vrfww fev i4'dri1ftF7 vife v uw feyv* HHfw - 



feV Ht I fev V 7 " TTFiH Uftfet H?7, 1882 S’ftHVTT fev 
HWfeFT fev VfeWI fm V ^"oOfedd Vfet HVF? 
fev ffew 7 irw oftfe vfe fm fife 1 12 hv fmlft 
VF5UV fev I fer 1907 fev fm ^ 'fvwfeM UHWfe 

•v 

fe HUW ffef HW effeff ftV 1909 fev fev fev 
UWV FW KdFft V fevW V H^W HfeW V VftV 

fev HUfiftlfH' VUVUfe femV oTU?ff vfef I 

fm few vfevfe 'vwerfed' ufenv’ (1923) 
ftV "H>ra VratHV’ ( 1934) fev VoTOV vfew I fm V 
vfev FWT Cophetua (1911 ) fev fefw few I fm 
few wwvFWMcr wFvfe fev ‘fesiw fetm' 

(1912), fefeFTSUFT’ (1913) Wife EW VFTI fm £ 
fVFT fefevw FWV 'HVf HfeMW’ (1921), ^Wfffev 
^rwfe (1921) vfe'vam fe. fe.’ (1923) fe fev i 
fm v fev fm - few uv uvurfe - ^fmvvfH feof* : 

(1918), few fm vfe ; (1927), fetfeW7’ (1914), 
'fe fVFjfelK WV dlddfodV (1925) ‘TOH fe{V 
W (1928), ^ lnffe , (1930), TmtidldH : (1931)>HV 
'feTO VU? (1932) wffe VF7 I 

25 HW, 1937 W HVF7 fev fm V VFV V 
felW I 

V. y - > 5 ft. ft. H 7 . 3 : 669 ; nft. nft. 9 : 337 

: fev HW WW fev HW Km vfef 
fev HJTfe VI fecfe §■ TOfte ERF fev UVfew 
feV V WF fiHH UWV fe fefe (Workpiece) ftVV, 

ffer fev nmr hw u# vfvw fev if i fev £ hv 
Qd did I 3V feVrT few VfHW feV VI sifddi 5" WK 
VW fdO HVfeW ■?'« VV fev l|o( fdW feV V 
ffeW vfewrf fev ffec7 VF5V fe VH feV VF7 fe fed 

— a 

fm ?>, tivv fev feus' vfe wft VS, HTW V 
feus huw fev feu vfe T fev vi vifer vvfet vrgv 
Hitfe v yvv fev uv v vfe vv v HfeFr fev 

dfdtt V fev VfVU" WUV WV W V VVV fe fev 

K 

UVVI 




H'y'Ud WOTV fev fev feuw HHfe fe VV 
wfe WV Ofe V, fe VSW fev EIRF ufe V I fev fev 
fev fef feiU H'Vfe vfeVHVf feofe fefevfe VWV 







14 



f 3 W 



diT Hd 'tf H'd* ttdl HF-H'.dd {Multiple spindle) 
HHt?) 7 # U?T I TT5" fed fad UFfTRH 7 F 7 ?3t 

vhff 7 f ?h f fihff dHF 7 3% f 7 few sfdfedi 

HHtTT, fay fed TFH F foFFT FHF gd ¥HF Hfefa 
FfeF HTFF F3Tt»F FF, few dfafer TF HdFtft 7 
FF I Odd fadH HHfe 7 F 7 fajftdT W d'ttd' fed 
Hd'tf H'dO did! Ft odd 1 TFF 7 F UF fd(d 1 fed yfddl 
o(Hd Hd'tf sF3 ddO F 7 dH ftF cftHF TFF 
fefeiHHI dHF F 7 dH gt did 7 TFF 7 FI fcFH fdHH F 
tftfeT ftFHHF >HF HIT (Tap) ?FF HFHf F WJ 
dfaHi 7 gt ufetft 7 TFdtft 7 UF I 

F. y> >>ft. ft;, vr. 3 : 663; fft. >>ft. H. ?. (1977) 4 : 

311 

M?? (Drill) : feF dHlFTT fed fedF WW fed 
^fe 7 , tfet yd <'«' , FHF (Papio (Mandrillus) 
leucophaeus) F 1 feF Hsi fd« <V rt fHttd 1 rjtf d 1 F UF 
feT d gd 7 UF 7 F 3" fer tF fdUF 7 oFF 3HT TF sJF 7 FI 
UFF 7 Htf fdHHdt 3FT F 7 , fedF F dHF »fe fad 
F ftg fuffad dTdf^ifeTFTdFifaUFd Hfet 
Hefei F 7 FFT F37)t fF 1 " FF 7 FI 

F. U - >>|F. ft. 7 : 661 

gfdf&dl Hhflrtdl ; fed HHt?fet F 7 §WFT 
Uddl feF - gd o(d<S ffet odd 1 TFF 7 FI fed cfe' 
UFFf5”, gldddl dlH, t4'<il ftd Ft sf'tt old?) 6ifel 
>tfd fefHPTFTTd feHsfed 7 6Vefefc! dtd F I Hddl' , 

w-HFfet »fe of fen fernr Ft yFfet fff 
feifeHd iiw tof net gd did tff ff 1 

FFFfeft Wffecr sfefedr Hlfed FF FdF 
gdfefa FFftT fe«d gfafef 7 TF HF HW FHfeF 
gfafaf 7 TF tiMFFfe cTF 7 ?!' TF ddlS'yt oTFTT ^fefeF 
FtT I feFT fHHfFF UMFHfe-HF Kft?T SlFff ?FW 
SoT cfFF HIT ?fe §Ht HltfF UF^ftfefe 3 TF for feF 
3^' Ft fefddF dfel FI 

HW tyHAHlw FtF^ FF FfeF' ^FH ^FFlt 
Otd F, feF? 7 ddtffe FK ttdl <^dd H'<i ?FH 
?Fff fHWF 7 FWF 7 FI ?FK Ft ?Ffe Ktf 3F F <TdK 
Uddl feF fife o(d<S ffet cddl TFFt F PtHH F <Vrt 
‘dttF'd TF Sdl'FVf 7 oifd6i rtdil OFt F I fed U'd Ft 
ffe TFW !FfeF HF FfFt FFt F I fef 1 frfe SF 
3ft 7 FF 7 rife' F tt6 F <S'tt fSF F F 7 ^!^ Frll , dlrll 
feH dy 1 FF ffe 7 rldl TFF F?T I tt6 r §" fefeTlt wfed 1 
Ft Hd'fed 1 cFW fiFF Ffeft 7 rife' F i ¥FF FF Hd'tF 
ttdl ^FH 7 o(d<S Ft Fddl TF HFFt FI 

ftHFHlS SfafftFr HHfe F 7 feH Ft §F 
feifevra cffe 7 TF HFF 7 3, feF Uddl FFT 7 ITF-yFfet 
6TF?> ffet 5fe FfFFt F I 



FFFtft 7 ftHFHl'tt 3fdfAdl HHtfe feF W o(FF 
HFfe Ftft 7 FHWtft 7 FF 7 ^d’dlft 7 TFFtft 7 TOFT 
FfeF" J 3F 7 FFF ffet IHFt TF feH FF FFff F 7 
felfelFfr offe 7 TF HF I ftH^Hlw SfeHT Ft feF TF FF 
feFF^FtFFtFI 

1 . cs3dl fed -F, fdcS TF FF S'fei'H 7 FT^t ftF 
FF STF'yT ddlHd* oTwfefe F fnfeft 7 ?fet FFt F, 
frfFdl FH-T FFcT tSdH tld'fe feF ScT oTF?T «dl <^ddl 
TFFt FI 

2. FWF feF - feF WT-WF F 7 ^ FF FFft 
tilde 1 ) fefcPH 7 d)'rt Ff5F ^ 'rtl FFt F friddl HfelF 
FFW feF SoT oT3(T ffet FFFt TFFt FI 

3 . did 1- fed - fed FF 7 ?) 7 Ft ddld'dl FFFtft 7 
d(6 I odddl . feHH Ft dld'-fed dlWof'd SF cfFFt F 
ftlH Ft old sfF F ddl lldd H 'd ?TH7F Hddl ft 7 dddl F I 
feH Ft WFF gTF-HtF ?5Ft oftFt TFFt F I 

HF HFF FWt iTfFfW'df ftHFHt» 3fefKFT 7^W 
F^t FH FFFt F Uf feH Ft FFF UTF fftfef 7 FF 7 
FFt FI HF HftF F’fjt Sfefedl feF WF 
?felt 5F TF dHW Wdl'd'd HF 7 Hfetft 7 TFFtft 7 
FF HfF ?Fff 7FF ftTFF' J WfetH 7 TFF 7 F F 7 F OF 
HF HH 1 ?fet H 7 feH^ UF 7 ^" HTH" Hffe I 

HF H'd6 fed 3F H'U'de ss fdrt fed FF 

ufe tf fw f 1 Ftr y^ - yF f 7 ??^ smfe hf et ufetu 

Ffer 5#f ffeffer FFtft 7 FFI fe7 $ FF FH# 
(S'rt Ufdft 7 TFF 7 F TF fed FFF ^3 gof 7 ffet fFFtF 
IFFlW F 7 ?^ F 7 feHFHHF oftF 7 TFF 7 FI ufFff Ufefe 
F ftFF FTF IffetU Hfeft 7 TFF 7 F >HF feH F ftFF 
Ufet IFfeft 7 TFF 7 F F 7 F ftfet IFH UZUt TF# »fF 
dFF W fcSoTWdl FF I fftt TF 3fe Hf§FT ffet fei^ 7 
FdF Ft H 7 d<i ftHSTTfe" 3 fdfedl F ?5" ffet FI 

Ffe 3ftfe Ft c FF F TFF' F 1 dfet tW Hdfe # 
VFT-HFfet »dl F tlFFHfef 7 gHF H3dt ddl Ft 
gFfeft 7 TFF 7 feF 7 F I fe3 HFFVft sfew §" ftH^F 7 F 
TTF'fe ^TF feH tfF FH3 ?FW FF HW F I ^rdfrtdl 
HHlfSdl feF gHF fed ' H Hddl' Ft HFfet o!F3 grfeft 7 
3 oflF 7 FI m 1850 F 1860 F T5FTFFT FfeH >HF 
feFWt fedd’d Ft Hfe HfeH (FFHH) H3FT 
HH'^H 8H feF Ft FFoT HF3T tfetft 7 Ffetft 7 I fo^ 7 feF 
Ffe-irfefiRFT HHt?) 7 Ft gFF 1 oftFt FTSt Ht I feF HF3F 
fet^' HHl?F F fed'H HUul FHfef 7 HTF ?fet MtHH FF I 
fey feF dUlH3 Sfefei-fet fed" FF I 

HF F UfFF 7 HFF FF gr^t F fe 3lFF Ft d 7 ^ 
1849 feF fett'dttfelHf 7 F H.H-oPfF F oftFt I feH 
Ft 3 fdH d^3 KUff ftfHFF fed Ft FftFt lit frIFdt 
FFTF >M Ft Fy FdF^'dt Ht I feH F - HTW 
feHF Flfew Hdd FF 7 Ht >HF fe? Hd tllHFF SW 




15 



syldPttHcfl, yffaar ftfegg aro 



ufowr efer eww §“e net fret et i <dde*Gdi are 
oefaeT-efetu gfe eftw et nt fereet far §ggw ufe 
fee ^ddil / >f’ ewTg) gR sifdfridi cid* set gget 
fret et i fee twee eefoar et. Me. e^r ?f 1890 e 1 
j-ifort 1 gwfet fit i tjd'c*) e o(<; ge wra? arae 7 " arew 
ew feeie gfee ewi wt Me Sel.SdcsW etM - 
ire fee fen eetw £ ewyg few tT i e r eti fee £ 
tie enre - eet w gfw rfe 7 tt Me eetw fr 
awe? £ ewe e Meg crfeM 1- fee 7 et i efger feteM 7 
e weg-wer ete efe grt Mefear Het?e set 
riud^yd* e dfetw i yywt ojfd« e Tew o^ 1 et earw 
iw at gar e gw ear ?7yfee ew tew ?ew yfefft 
gar fee 1 ew?e tt?ut garfeM 7 £ crew* - me a 
ftwreti 

. Mfefear efe efdR' ww agar ae ge efw 
5frfe>r gefer uw e fet ee sfet cfee ^ 
earwi .^d'H e feewt et feearewf yegr (i960 e 
wdi^di) Mfeef ufawt et3T et fee e eye few £ 
fee g'dl fecrfue feeee Tew yfeM 7 feiM 1 " eft i 
gwaftM 7 ggfetM 7 tie etwe gfe - stew* - e 7 et ywr- 
yefet Me yggr yefet set arfet feeeerw afte 7 fee 7 
ei tdiHdrt eegfefe fee e 1- feeeew craw et eye 
>F¥W e 7 feefet <v eefee e M^tgar few w arte 1- fe i 

3. V- nfe. fa. H 7 . 3 : 668 

Sfdf&dl H¥ : y'ewefe Me efet £ few 7 at 
eefe 3ie feet e feeg?r £ efefwer He arfee gw, 
fere e 1 " finger ufet, eie Me ew ffet gfgfwer arae 
ee eeefe e gar feM 7 £ e i aa atew Me tw gwft 
fee £ grate ew e ee 7 gyw ?fet arte 7 fee 7 e i ufet 
et ge?e geew hh 1 fee feegw £ u^eefet hw^ 
ffet ue aefefee new esfe efe ow Me fee §■ 
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eftfeer ee ee-efefegr ee srew Mefee gge £ 
e3e Mee feere e 1 # tgre 1- ar Me weiw ew-ye3 t 
e" ufet e ganf - §e gt gar rt'Q'e 1 ei 

3 . y- nle. fe. > 3 . 3 : 669 

sfefer, O'H M^'rtsS Msl^clol (Driesch, 
Hans Adolf Eduard; 1867-1941) : fee fffe 
fefeTMWt e 1- e?7K 28 >HcTfge, 1867 £ 

eeeefeeeeer (Bad Kreuznack) (3W Ugvft e3H7ft) 

fey ufeM 7 1 fee £ sfd<t eeet ugeFeee MftjM77 

cfte 7 Me efew-eege (Vitalism) et feMfegM 1- 
ofteti fee Meee fefee efew-ed^'e, fffew et 3 
fee geweft foMite gett fecr efew Heet w 
eorwg e i fee w eeee fee et e fer efe7r £ tew 
efeoft fe gefeefeor feetM 1- get ?fet edH T feM r e 
Here 1- 1 fee £ Meet fefeM 1- areeggr, efeggi, 



feffesof Me fee fee to ofteti eMie fee eg 
yae fee orfet i#w feftM 1- Me 1897 fe 1900 ee 
fee w uet feferMwe eeew wuwe fegfereteri 
fee e 1 gTMe ( 1 9 1 1 ) fee eteweggr feg fewett w 
geeg jggr fgiM r i fee w eww (1920) Me etufegr 
(1912) feg Qlett sftet 1 ette w Meet feweet 
HgMe tew e fee efe aftet ue fe. Me 
^ y fey . gee e Meg gw m^w arew fee ueettw 
fefew-eeg^eet fferfee argw wgr fep^i 

fee e 1- fefee far uttew farfgM'Hlrtd 1 £ 
eefet eer get 7 fet egetegr rw Hare 1- , eyett 
Mgfew e sw T efw r §gg arte uegg e 7 few Tft 1 fee 
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21 



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fesuH uaaat sa r fe»F afe ufaa 7 nfe fua 7 sat at 
HHaa a 1 featry fea tut, aafer 7 w aufet Hdfed 
a 7 fear aar taa a 1 

a. y - ta. fe. vf. 4 : 229 ; ts. wr. 9 : 399 

: fea iffu fea ttar fas a 7 fear fua a 1 

o 

feu nfet aat a 7 uat afet ufetaar afaa 7 ut a it ara 
afaarfua urfau at a 7 ufe uti fea uat-uast aa 1 
aiaat a ut nau 7 ^ w uaar hsi fey 7 at uu tua 
arat aa 1 u'dH'd uat aat aast w u ufet hh 7 
afaaaansi 

fOTU 7 da T t^atsd 7 atauaaa 7 Fftds 
as afuuF >ft 1 hff cjjfad 1 at a 7 asu feu fed fea 
afew ut 1 asH ^hhus ^a avraH 7 ufeur afew a 1 







24 



fet BB HB BBt, 7# djf dTH H'PdH Ht Ht-tlrF a a ft 
fat Qaat aar a ua fret at I 

fet aia dPddiPy^ alay a at- w ftdpfew 
afe>>r feoT ya a I H T 3 T Hflaat Tft (HIJ dPddlPytd Hrfea 
a Hfew) w Bata tt fet at afew at mb f?f w 
^od 1 yfe^H 7 " <jPhmt a I 

fife - a 1 ro fat aia at at^ar faff aa hb, 
ft aaa Bd'ya aftM 7 afe»r a i fen at mwb ar 
^atBT'HBTta at ti ftanjt mb amt b fet w 
KaTB r a I HBB HBHB BHlf B fea Bfet fBB ft. at. 
tta-utaBBai , 



a. u.-k. a - . 

WTSUt ft : sl'dd B dKdftd HdftW, M'dsi 

BBaat b ?a b aftw fea bbb a ft-FeB uaa a 
Paw ay b 1- feor ufau afea a fayy feaw bIm 7 

O •* 

Bsaafar fa 2,300 nt. Bt QhbI fua ?1w afeM 7 
a i usaBta a fea 42 ft. at. a bthb a fBa-yatt 
fey 1 fta HBcT d'Jl fateM 7 tfeM 7 ai fen afea b 
y^t afeM 7 a yaa fta feaw uaya 7 at au Bat a 
Ibb uaya 7 atM 7 HatM 7 atM 7 fuyBtM 7 B«'e' 
kbIm 7 attar aB 1 Hfea a uaa fta BBta Baft 
arBfefe Ota 1- yat aat a fan fua atB b atr at 
sfdHB fayfet faat a 1 fet yiaatM 7 fta tt yd. a uat 
a^BtaifeHBfuetrijB'U'd atM 7 yaa b*b attM 7 
attar faBora bhb 7 Oh sraatar aBi fea kb 7 
uayat Oaa far-Bte 7 ajarafa hbb a 1- yfe»r 
tfeM 7 a fan alar Otafarr frratar aw'd* fua fet 
B^HaftoT aiuayaStaBi 

hb b ufa « 1 1851 at. fta sraBB ButMa b fen 
HtB b PHdddi'd y<i'Q<i a 7 fuaw ttB r l fen 
fuaa 1853 at. fta yya'Btt Haara b faa nag 7 at 
a a'B tB uata t 1854 at. fta feB hshb 
cFfaHttariHB i 860 fta fan ^ P^orPHB faat ynat 
§■ djdB'Hua fta narB ttB 1 * fap>r >hb fen 
fuaB ajaanua b BB aat at fra Haar aat 
aftat arat 1 fen faat a 1 " tn u>rt b ub ^ar 1 
yfaa a faa fta yBB a hu 1 * b irft srfart a 1 fat 
' at fnaBara (ttaatw) at yJaa 1 aa fa 3t Ib 
aiati hb 1867 fta fat ftfauBat tt aytuB ya 
fefBtaiati 

faa yfaa a ya-uut ftara a 1- faua 1- aRd*d 
H*'dB gBaat a faa b a 1 faa yat fea a 1- ?a tt fa 
a ?a b aftw fawi faa fue 1 Bta atfBB a 
orfeat^a w aiavft»r a 1- aaa-H 5 ^ tt Baaat at 
afunr fep»r'i BBaat »fb b^pb b tra yat 
urra a Sar ffet aravftjr at fear ufet naara a fat 
ht t §a aiaator at buh ft ’jpbh HfagaeraaaBi 



fet urra ur^afaat ww fear feaa r a taa ya 'ferr 
afenr 1 1 

. aa crar, HBar af^t, uh ub a aat fet 
Pt!Wo(H gr^f aB I feiyr B ft?T BB'dHt B »TB B»TB 
ttofetyaBatH?ntaarfuc<P*c( aaB-aBi 

> a r y T at - 8,599 ( 1991 ) 

33°32 / f . fta. ; 75°58 / U. BH. 
a. y> >?(B. fe. KT. 3 : 856; ftr. 3T. fea. 11: 125 ; 
fevryg u§y-39 

sjwuthI , 8'dsf : taB-ufaa >Haiaa (whb- 
bb - >xb sPaB a ai^acsa hbbb faa bt uar ?a hhh 

^T3f H|B at, BT a77K 22 >HUB, 1812 B 

arffet fta Baaat t b# 1 w, aw aaa a uja 
BBaat taB ftt afewi fea ar ufa^a iat >xb 
fa^B H^ 1 ^' ?tb atuB at ua naarBt aa mBaa 
fea tB tat yaat bbb Bat at faa a ?iBta w fea 
b gat ^a irfey > yy3r ar h'Ohbt yaB ftwi 
hb 1837 fta fea inaBfHBa a 7 aya fepaT 

>hb 1843 at. b §asr wz aB a ^feta uaftfe w 1 
»fB 1845 at. b fea a uatffe w ttat i fea 
aa’B fea b 9b HraaT atut ofet atfaapBr b 

Bfafsw faa srw fea fesr aBfw tfew uaw 

— »\ 

aafw ara sari hb 1846 fta afeaa utB at 
ww aaa a at fea b ^ yairaB ttar fermr i 
wib at fea b ftar inatt at ww bb aw w 

di^dcSd hbbb fcvycra bIbt few! fea wa fua 
feyoTB aa ftwralw ffea fea fHa fta hb 
?hb ^ar at i 




BBBswaat 

aBBat, 1848 fta fea bbb Oar bt ifery b 
sra y 'oft h * d ■ bbb hb at 1 hb 1846 aana > naiaa T 
mb ftu far P-^tdof'd' aat fta >HaTaar at ftrB 
3at at ua ftaaa mh tt orfea ati mub 14 , b 

HB3TB ftt HU'Bof HBFBH Sttl fea fea B UH 



25 



W fey 



W§y ifet H¥ 3 1 feata HHfaw Ht I fen S' dyQy 
^fOT^sr^OT-uB-H^uEiM^F^wf^a-lw 
§■ Hay r ?>’fe <ty y Haw yw fw y sfet syfetw 
§llfe fey fed yy 5" WU3" ay fey H T H?5’ oWT fey 
R.'ort dfew W? 1849 Ht. fed UTTO §■ fedldit) d'd 
y fafe HW ffW few 1 

m 1852 fey %?7 fey- HHHfW t HHyTfetW 
feyapy 1UW Saifew oTW fed<9'd cfet HUH 7 

tfstw fan y <5dfa ife w yf ddl Hdi Dfe 1 ua 

H'di S WW-d fey fcldd WH d'cSl rtofH'rt «Vtt fed 

HHfHW yy ofy ttfe dlfe I HHT?r Wl Utd .1 Xjfy 
yddV/iT am fey yHy fey afe i afe ifefew - 

sfdUH ffejyHHt ttfe fen St fed HUy fAfdW fedl 

aife ua nayfetw S’ nan 7 fey ?fef nyfay ant 
HdoTO y HW d'fey Uafew forffoT HSfe fey 
feny aiatw yant ms y nan 7 fey ufc swcrdt 
fe i fen gxr s wfa in nayfew S aajy fe Ha y 
fenyf xruyf yfe fayyf fa nfew fey §7? few Ha 
S" differ Hdddl'U' fed fec( fel 

fen S fert'fof^r §■ nfanfe sar TPS’ d'Hrt aw 
nat aas m y .d'feti' Qs'Ihwi fen Gfe fa fena 
fefew feiSt (faafe fe ay nyyy yauany fe w y 

ydd'cwt HdoCd S ofedtt Wife W Hlfe Ht 1) fddWrt 

fey nfe fatt ?w fen xiw yw w ant nt i fena 
fefew lS iwf EFHfe" yy cfef Hlffw feyfw >Hy 
SPHoT 7 W3" Gc^ 1 S < 1 dH ' S’ WUSt faWHy S’ dfed 
ayycfef dvfel's >ys is ays s hss, hss ss s’ 
fend'd df^fepyT i fOTTPHwratrst^rtdW irfeift 
GPiy of'^l WfB’ fwi fed 3* feH cT m ’3 t oT3’ 
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f^^fswsJwjsOdd'ruof'dl ^SH'dy*’ 1 y^'Oi 
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mr-Hol Ud^'cSdfl ?7 r fHW2" St Hdd fed fd^l'y d MPJS" 
mrd’y3HSH^^s>>fdi^d T TTS i ’fe> as wz\ 
Ht I feH WW §• 1848 Ht. fes W Ffeft, 

feWHSt- 1852 Ht. ffeS yHcTtSfet UfHS Wft?T 
yf HiHfar i 

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H3H fes oret trat Os 1 " 3s feGfcT fet ^HH 
HW ^Ht ?fet'Ht I fes S fw fea^ gH 1 Hof ST 

sh hhf t Gs st Hast e featr Ht Grist famw S’ 
ydd r <s^l hht fes yysr 5?^ fmr nt i yfftfet 
Hferst fes HS’-UHS’ HHW^ ^t cT r H T iT 9tl »?3lM 

ayr wfe5 fey e feirfetyf s fenn >* 1 x 1 ^ mhh h 

afet^Wl^¥3mHtHHF tTXSf5^IH?l 1856 

fey 3T?M e to fes ss - wz fyg^, m^xr % afetn 
fente 1 ^ y it fenn Mfeopa - yy afei yrare - at 
Hay 1857 nt. fey way ay I'di aisa fey yfexr 
fawny y it yxr fatr xpfew i 



ynt fysafew §■ oray fey sy y fewi 1 fen y 
fe^ - iry - £ feor wgfeor tsatf^y anr y w 
ayfy fey Hana xroyt aara- sffyti ifent femfe- 
fey feHiar y xninfet saiyfe’ oray fenyy- 
yw^yHWxjyrytwefe’orH^^fw 
aw fey xifeyt ay# yf fefy tst iy fenn fwy 
fyy i fen y aay^ wa aa fey xrxry yfy wxiy yyat 
y waia y yfar^ ay# fecm ^ yta ayt ftm fey uy 
ya y fey ay-HaaF yiw Hyaftw xpaTafe yt axr- 
atr fewa sftyt afet wy ayi otIhw yiy ayi’ yt 
Gwdl ’<va> uaTiywfgdyHTWfeyf^yHfewy 
ayy kh t it fxfexr ay afei fen y ffefe fen y 
feAyfey HyteFy M T fe* i y ya fe& j| Ga yf yy?y 
yyfet y fen S’ wist §u fyyi fyyt y of«yy 
yafewy yyyt >ygat naSyt ;w S' ofty w 
fen S' y uysr fey ffeaia yar few i yor- 
xjyfet w feyfearay offy y fe?^ y Aary inatw 
fearfe y ufe y ufa y fey fea r yy fSMd ofty fe fe 
fyyfw yt uay it fyfeyy a - yfei 

fen y HHferor gxrfe fey uya fey hiw hh 
at fsyoftw S’ H'a yy yf xjw y xrayf w Gyln r y 
uiref aya^ fey feyt yfet Hyyt ayt fey y 
xrtyt Hn-ry aai ffe a Hgan fey yfe awfe $ 
QdwTod ofdrt y fey 7 ! 1 " yyyfw yf ferfew ynt it 

fefer ^aaTy ofty i 

Fry 1856 fey fea aw y ihjh yy faiwi 
fefe 1 fen yfw fawny f >Hawt ay fey fey^y 
yf Styt yyfe^tTft ayt waa a afet ftrayf fe 
fea->HfHxr axr fey 1857 at. y aiya y w oryy 
fey" fear nt i >nfeat yaryytst ?ay fen yfw 
wgfeoflofds fey affyfw iFxfyfw yf Mfentw at 
ufe afet i ysryyfet-aayy yyfy , ?py y aa 

arw m-<% 3 wyt few to, feast i 9 snaa, 
i 860 S', aywt wy fed at ny a afet w yy at 
fen y fenn awfen y ayy # ny yet yyn a 
faiwi 

a. y.-^. fe. H 7 . 3 : 56; ft. fe. t. 5 : 210 

37T yfe - : gfSddl aagayf yf xryfe fea afy 
afey yf sraHta yyf fey ifew yn w cranfa aar 
yf anrofet nf?iaia fey yw-H-nywy 4ru aat 
uaay feyer’d nfey a i fea afy yy %. fe. nt. ynf 
w ya fer. nf . yyf ai afy s ?fe ya ua xfefy ?yy 
y 7 a T i 6a1 fea 7 y nory ua fesr feyisr dfana 
omnfat ayt fey yy nns y nyyy at afy a w 
life fywt nyf fey yy y >>w >Hfy y fey 
ay a i yfey feat yaa fen fey y <fe y ai i 

yy yfaw fyjyy s a^ y ufet y na > y<r yy 7 
fey la 7 aya a w a^ 7 savr feayn feyyin 




3«933r, 0933 yfelfdyfe 26 

/ 

yfefM 7 I TO - 1 802 fey fey Vf’t&T y 7 f5 T 3V r S3t M3 
3 933 U^ 7 3t H3 3 93 133 33 I OTTt 993 Mtpfey 3 1 " 999 dfetfe yyfelMHfel 1803 

we yf 93 d 3 7 for y yre 3 M 97 ytM 7 M 9997 ^ 97>ddi67> raff sfwyddi 39977f y y ; Htt d M3 

gretM 7 9393t dfatM 7 nr? for 3 yfeM 7 3 fyff ifet ; fey 3 397 3t fey u^^H'ftH, 566 

97799^ 393 3 ! 933 ^ 33 fey 3993^ 3 UfcM 7 ^ <’ fed 3 M'dPH3 MPUof>d ^931 fer ^ 
e 1 " f#3-ft3 IMf H33 7 3d 7 93T M3 UTTfet f39 W rraH?T 9dd oC'feK 333 3 1 " fygo( 9t 93 1805 9t. Pi 9 
3 99fet frf3t 533 939 ’€ 3 33 I M3393 Hutk" fey ^ ^ ^ S’ 1 feJT ^ 7197 6dd‘ 3 

y 7 ?te fe9H §3" 3" 33T-993Tf feyfet f33t 31 ST? 3 ^feH STS' 779 W S' 33H77t 3 feof old Pvfe 1 idfe I 

§3 fey 9>f 39 3 Fret ddf 39 M3 3773 919 39T 3 1810 ^ ^9 3 9fe PssOcf p£W Gd'cOodd 3t 

few) - f33 33 M3 fey 3 33 397 33T 3t W*H HW fi-TTit 99 fe9 3 fe3 ,3 d 'HlH T dril l'd 993 779t 

dyifeyyfe 991 9 t 77 3 Vfet feyfftM 7 333 hff 3^t~ H*d ( fw M3 1811 feyfey .ddiHiHl fed 3t W 3 
S0W 3 39 3 lit# 333 7375" fewy feoT 993 9t 3T9 ^foT wifeM 7 felM 7 I 5977fM3 3t 33 H9I9 
H3H95T ?73 T 3 T 97^3 33 l? T 33>H i ' yfef 7 7T39 7 3 offe ^f7T3t ordldH H>f fe3 ^lifet tf3H oT3 fefet dfet I 
H3 37T I 3733 3 3333’ fWH# 33T 733 33 ^ 31W33T fH33 dldlcSt^yddT 3 1 " 3t WZ lT33t 3^3 

3 T 3 7 333 § f??Uf U33^3 3t ffHF 333 377 1 fe# f3PM r l 

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WTim 733 dTfF 333 75313 377 I W SyTO - 3 UU 1 ^ g^| 



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fe?3 33 3t»T 933 FT^JT FTO'-HBT? 3393 
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UW 3 TIFftH 93JT ftlU 7 ire 7 3 1 fell 3 fe 7 U3t 

nfdrt yrfe - w\e 3t fi^FFra 7 ^'u 1 ^33 371 1 stfi 

f?3 971 3oT 3 I9 7 3cT TT’Ht 3 t? g3 33t3 3t3 
f%3 93 51371 3t f3W39Ut ltF§3T 371 1 

373t > K r 33 3 CT33t fe# M 7 W 7bfdd3 371 >93 
§333 3t 9333 T HreF 371 1 

9. U- f§U. 11 : 124; ftl&cn'dff »re riy >?ry 

39>fl3; f?T. f%. t. 5 

^«9ddl , o( l dfi tilGcJd 6'6 : fe3 FyKTit 
f%3 H'f&M (Mainz) 3 7 rt'dO'ydl , dttl 3H71 Wl'fdd 3 7 
U99 (arch) d'H76d, HdH73t 3 T U ' dl H3 M3 d'dl6 3t 
d^.d'sitHFe 7 W7T9t I fe3 TTdHT'lt' 3 fW^Uf§3t73 
<£ddl <7> 1 W> 9993 Fit M3 fdH 3 1 ” 3719 8 .d d ^ dl , 1744 
3 U37W3t9 f%9 FfSM 7 ! fe9 3 dTfedTMTl M3 
d ' dl^rtdddl 3 ITOfrra' 3771 3t frlftiM 7 U r U3 oft3t I 
97! 1772 fe3 fe3 M3333 (Erfurt) W iredt 93 
felM 7 1 fe3 33H77t 3 S3fe33 3 7 39ft 9t M3 1785 
Zt. fe3 UFTM 3 djfdof 33 3 M9t?l 93t Hfdd'fyM 7 
3t 73t3T ^ UFFfre 5T33 7 9ft I UFTM 3 53371 Tjt 

1787 Ft". fe3 fe3 >3139 M3 ^393 3 T fu-ire3t 



3. y- fff. >r. 3 : 352 

: ^33 939 33T (3 T 33) fe3 33 9375t 
fe^" S 7 9l33 3 1333 7 3133 713t 3 f33 fe3 U3fet 
Pridl Q d ^ PhM 7 dPdM 7 3 1 PdH Hpdd 3t Htf ’UTl 7 d'd 
?9 fe3T3 377 1 fer fe3 7 3 WT3 fe9 9f33 3t 
FryniTT 7 5r33 3 sre 3E ife 7 3 3t3t 9tl 33 93 
MTrey WE feoT W3 (Bhar) 3 7 tT 7 9t ! WE 3 ¥>3 333 
33 3t dTrt <^Ud H773M3T 3 1 HHttH'6' MTjH'd f8H 
9ftl3 S' 933 9733 77 fttfeM 7 Fft I f39 fife 1 fe33 99J 
33933 3 fet fe3 9 §73 M3 ^3333 W\ 933fet 9f I 
14 fet 1 Htfl 3 M9fdW H'ft 7 fe3 d'd fe3 Hcf 1 fe3 M 7 

O 

3131 3 r 3 r 3 d'9 3 HMt? 1 3t 7533t 7797 feM9J 
sra 7 ^ 3t yrfen cft3t i fe9 fesre 3 939 5733 ?fet 
3393 3 fe939Tt9 99T 3 393 feF 7 3 few 7 f33 
feM 7 1 feHFfefe 3 133 3t 93H3 old^fet, 9731 M3 
93¥tyy<^fe lfe9 9 7 3Tfe3fe93 7 3t9 3 7 f93 7 r333 7 
Pdd 39T cfdrt tW M^JcT sid 1 393 7797 rtrf'dl 
fey 9 T f3M T felM 7 9t ; 3 7 Hcfyy 7 it 31 3393 M3 
H9J7H 7 ?! 7 d'3 33 PdH Hpdd 3t H333 7 §3" 19f I fe9 

3397 fey feyyy 7 M3 H 9 I 33 7 # y^tM 7 1 is it93t 
fey Tiyy feyre-fy-STT 7 3 fey 193 w\ ysi’few 

9t I H3 r f3M 7 3 UKfiTM 7 3 9f33 3 193 7T 7 fey 7 1 fe9 

9fe3 ^fM 7 yfey wm fey uyfet ffuy yfeM 7 fesr 

*» — 

few 7 3, fyoy 7 99 3 93U 7 197t H 7 ^3 Ut FfeM 7 
UfeM 7 31 939t f39 fey feFdfefe 991 F 7 931' feM 7 
t)dl'3' it 31 §3 M 33 I’d 9fe3 fey M5793 M3 991 
TT3 7 EtM 7 FjyfetM 7 feH 7 33 t it 331 

MWf - 4,654 (1991) 

26°04 / $. fey.; 81°3 / U. 39. 

9. y - f&u. y. fey. li : 127 




27 



, flta H r 3tH3 EEE 



; UEHt 3333 ddT ( 333 ) E UdBtM^ 
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dt Hf 7 W W& 3 3 d fed Etna UW? 77*3 
ufd fdtM 1- M 3 eb 1 ^ fEEtM 1- 377 1 fed Etw* - eb 1 ^' 
33 T 23 dTO EatM^ ddtM 1- 331 fed Et»F E 3 'i _l §3 
¥dtd M 3 Ud'dld Wfe adtB Ed 3 d 33 1 

22 ° 53 / f . fed- I 86 ° 14 ' y. BE. 

7T. u- <§U. 3T. fife. 11 : 126 

c*fifW\i : fedTBE dt dfdd 333 H 3 M 3 E¥3 
fed Hfed sittfe'd H^B 3 Wff Hf^vf fear gdHdd 
fadlddt daa 3 1 Hadutwd e 33 i 1 w- 3 fear add 
Msi^cIsS MBB 3 " 1605 dt. fed sfrtfed H<S 1 d 
y^fEM 1- M 3 12 dTdtd B T fe 3 fetEMEHtM 1- 3 HE 3 
fefEM r E 3 ffetdF 33 fel.sJd (^^feoT d'Wid aft^M 7 
ftTH fed 1857 dt. fed fed HHa E 1- HTTd fadVPB 
Ofe’-H 1- M 3 " fed f 33 HaB 1- , STOTT, MBTTE' HfB M 3 
EHEMB 3 adBHHcjBE r HdB3dfeM r l77E 1 ' cTOfT 
3 33 3753 " 3 , dt Hani^ Hd TOH Hdt dt Edt 
3 "ddfe M 3 HE 1866-70 dt. Ed 1 ?! atdt dfet I H 3 
1814 fed dftfeE cTO feadd dfBdt Hdt I 

d. y - >>l 3 . fd. H 1 ". 4 : 267 

sfW : fed UEW E fE^ aUdHTF fed 

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fed HHdd fed 3 d dc 5 I dfet dldtf'H dt fB¥E 0 c 5 ~ siB 
Efet H 3 T 3 dfet ! fed W 3 3 t Bd'fed Efe dt HUfet 
dtdfet EMEdt dt 773 22 33 HH 3 1661 (1604 Et.) 
feE dt dfd dfddtfeE dfejH Et ET fW 3 3 fdM r dtl 
fEWHJ Efet E EHEVF dfew dfe^r 3 1 

dt did MdEB EE Et 3 Mafe" 3333 E McSE 
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afet wis E 1- wrya at ufetr 3, fE 3 733 a^Et Evita 

& 

31 

a. y - k. e. 

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7T. u - K. f . 

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fea Ufea HHEdt .Efft MEHd M3 Wdafea E 1- yEt Ht 
Ud HEfaHH3t Tj'rt fed HdE 1 ” Et HE M T 3d r 3dt 
Etafe E3E fEE M 7 ^ E 3d 3 felM 1- fEdE 1 " HE Mnj3 
E377 TT 1 " OdfeM 1 " I 

feH E 1- E77H 22 M3TH3, 1844 3 fe^E'da fey 
dfew 1 - 1 MHdta 1 - feE fEH E3 tTETEdit Hd ddt 3+ fed 
Hdafef E3-W Et MadKt feE ddfet ? felM 1- ! 
H77 1865 fed feH?7 fa fedldt 3013 at3t I 

W7 1873 fed EE fed M 'da fea fed H3d 
3Edt3d fdTM T dfeM 1 " Ht 3"r fed E H77 fed EdE 1 ’ Et. 
¥E ad?7 HWt §3133 UET dfeM 1 - 1 fed E ftlMa! Ht 
fa HfetHdtM 1- E §Ed fed Hfe3 Etd Edfed fafe 
Hdfetu E dt fea feir 377, fTTT^ dEt ffedt UdE 3 

ydfEM 1- e Had 1- 3 yd fen nyul yE ana ffet afet 
ya at he nt i fen be a ufdM T ada 3dt fena 
fafaw e dd33 e maEa drdaa htte £ w 
tt'Gti 75dt foWE ad fw I 

8 E3fet, 1879 a MEJE HfetM* - HH3 fed H3 
EdifelHa 3 Etafe dfet HdE E3 dEW dfeMT 3d 
HEfaHH3t 77^ 5 H3Hd a tfddT E3-dHd E ffed 
UEH fed HdE fed fWd fdTM 1- 1 E HET 3E fed E3E 
fed dt fedd Qyd ddaE 1 " fdd 1 " 3d 05 HHJd TT 7 faoT3 
ffofMd 13 E3, 1881 dt. afedftdtfHf^EI 

EBfeT MnjE MH3 E 34 HfetM 1- HH3 EdE 

EtM 1 ^ faa faHatM 1 ” daft 600 Ht3 eh ata EidM 1- e 

#33 3 ydfdW 1 " M3 fa feHE ffedt fdH 3 Hdd 
feTM i 'ydfafwfaHHEtadtHa i fe3' <e 1101333 
TO Mafdd, 1881 dt. fed 3¥Hdt Et 3E73 fed 
fed MEJd" H'fcilM 1 " HH3 0 'd fdWdT tdlM 1 " I 
d. u - >?ra. >HVl. 8 : 675 

idfer W3\H3‘ : fed EdfetHt 

ydT3E3 T ET E77H 19 H3H3, 1749 f Edfe fed 
WTO fey dfeM 1 " Ht I EdTTH Et 3E 3 ME HE 
TOME 1790 dt. fed feH 3 fed drfd EtM 1- H T d7>tM t 
ya’fed atatM 1 - 1 fena hohue, nfadd M3 Hdaya 

E fU-djfdM 1 " EtM 1 " H'drtlM 1- Et fEME oddlM 1 " I Ha 
1792 fed EdfeftHt HdTOd E3 fed a STTEda M3 




2S 

eeHOTT 1 feeoPd Hd tfat>H7r fat w Hnre" «fat ffaysr U 
fafe fdPH 7 " 1 .fer HH for fa 1799 fat. fee HfaHW 5TH 
fee 7 "! fe 1803 fee fo" fa dTfee-fefo>P77 H5(H?r 
H 1 " HWl- HH3H ffoTHH ctfe fdW I H7T 1807 fee 

crfre fat gefe feu fate &'&n; fat fa" uefo w uIhh 
H er tof i fan fm forfa Htfafew f^difaitedt fee ws 
HWfefa-^ffaud fa wsxfh fat for cftfat i forfa Base 
due systeme metrique , ffa?T fi-irtt! 1 (1806-1810) ; 
Histoire de l’astronomie ancienne, fa fUttt! 1 (1817) ; 
Distoire de I'astronomie an moyen, (1819) for 
Histoire de I'astronomie modem fa frittfa (1821) 
Uoefne fatfaferi 

for fat ffe 19 >HdTH3", 1822 fa OfdH fed" dfat I 
tr. y- ^t?r. >nft. 8 : 606 

: h%V<s fa fayfat fafadt fen fee 
fej fer efd»f H ffaH fat HWt 420 fa. fat. HI fer 
ot? fat ne fafefa" feora^ n 1 far meed nfaf teen 
fa (“fatw fa fa? fa ne fee y-i'Qfa 1 n 1 far tfar-Ucrcr 
^fue 7 " offer faraf ytifalhr fa U 7 # fee e 7 
fedie 7 hi far ffafa fa fa ewt ffa fa rente hi 
fare He fee dvfafa fen Oh 5tdi7 efetfe unfetur 

TiMfalfa fa fan W HU 1 ?! H?T I fafadt Hfa'sTcS fa facte 
>>ffa fad fa oTHyOfafa ffa faj effoP" QdH 1 e 7 HiT 7 

60°38 / §". faH. ; 1 7°27 / U. fad. 

J. y.-^tH. fa. 1-H. 3 : 351 

5*f«dld, tdd 1 * HH.G fddlrt'd Sfe : 

HBHfa fa far HUffacT UdH-ETHHdt e 7 HHH 28 
,<Sd^d1 , 1799 §" HHHddT (d<± UsD-ff HdHcff) fad" 

uffari far 1822 fan far $ ufedt e 7 ue true 
offer 7 nrfa 1826 fa. fan far ffaffcu efafedfafaf 

feO UdH-feffad'H far e 7 utHd fegdTH H 

fowl farnfTHfa fa far ^ (frr^fa 1 847 fa 1849 
HoT) 1871 fa. HdT oftfat I far 1871 ferfa 

sf'fay'd fafa faoT fa far S' MHTfa fa H^' Ho ( 3 Hd" 

ftld 1 fdPH 7 " I 5 ! frtdld rFdfHdr ffafadHT H 1 " fdo( faViH'rt 

fa I fare" fvifafa H 7 " Ufa HHH fafa >>rfa fa3d"- 
d T H?fa fa i far 1848 fan far far?r fanfedr irdfa nfa 
'^dfa^dH OT7T75" ufafafa Frfa HH" ffaf fa>H r l far 
1869-70 fan Hfa ufdfa IfadTc-r fafar fa Ou §" dH 
fadT dlttc/1 TH cfdcS ‘c'rt 1 tidH'Oci frfa Hd 1 UTT odd 1 
fa far fa far ffalfa H?TH" fa fad" Hd" ffafa I fafa fafa 
farfa HdHifa fad" Qu fadfa fod" H 7 " HtfeH" faH 7 " 

Bfodf’ rPH Wdl fwi 

far 1869 fan far fa nfa far feO, ffajfa fufa 
falH fa d5" ‘Der papst und das Konzil’ UHdH fan 

uophh 9hi far yH3oT fa far fa irfefa # fefar 



dfiW fdPH r l far fW dffadfd fa Sdfa faHf5" ufa 
A.ddd HdH'fa HI fa" UH3dT fa ^fafld Hd" fan 7 " 

fdPH 7 " I WiJ > H T Udt Hfa" f%H far fa UfTjfa fVTHd" 

>HH. 3H PTH?" "far fa Hfa ffaHfa" fetfaf 7 " I 

10 HTT^fa, 1890 fa fufafau f^O fatfa HH" H 

dlfal 

rr. y. >>l7r. fn. i ■. 559 ; ^Ih. mO. 9 : 237 n) 

57^, oratvr? fefatgw wt§- : far 

.dd'HlHl HdftecTd" H 7 " HcW 21 Hd^fa, 1836 fa H7T- 

HdO?r-fH T ?5' feu ufatp" 1 fej ufar fansrfa fa fan 

faffaH3"?Tfe ffa fafa-UUd" tF Hdfa" feftw I far fa 
UfdH Hdlld-ffaftwfa fag" faur Hdildof'd Wfag" 
wr fa Hdifa fa ffaunr ihuh fatfa i 

far 1863 fWt) far ufdH fafa" ffar drlfar Hifat 
fa ffafefdT wpt »ffa 1881 fa. ufar Hdffa- 
faffayffa fan farfa h 7 " utHd" fafepK 7 " 1 far 1884 fee" 
farfeM fare 1 " h 1 " HWHfofi 

SHfaH" ffar^H fa HfafaT 7F& Hfar offa 7 " ! 
W fan (La Source) fel H 7 " ufew 7 " HH77 faffa-THZ 
fa i fer Hern far §" gun hh fern" far flW I far fa 

faffa TFZ Coppelia §" 1870 feH ufafa H^d" OfeH 7 " 

fdPM 7 " >fa for §" wr fa Ofe»r rrfa 7 hi for fa hhh 
fat fa faffa dfe»T nfa Hfa fdMHH effa fa feu 1 

Sylvia (1876) Le Roi L’adit (1873), *>fe Lakme 
(1883) for fa HH Hdild THH U77 I 

16 H(5€"dl, 1891 fa ufer fen for fat ifa h 

dlfal 

tr. y- ’ite". fe. H 7 . 3 : 448; far. ^te". 6 :172; >>tH. >fa. 
8 :621 

eirtlw, : fer fer HHfafa 

adiw^d 1 fa fan fa fajw fe wfaH fee" rfa fort 
utur Ofafa fee ufet fa huh" fee fat Hdfa usth fa 
foide'H eupH 7 gefat hi fere 7 htth ufdH fee 4 
Wfa, 1688 fa Hfett 7 " fa 1 HHtT fa H’HH'fer HHH »fa 
HUdTftPfa fa U r ddlH?r r fa ffadtufe" fa Udfat fa HdTT fat 
efa fafae e 7 " far fa for fa fa fafe fa i far 1725 fee 
fer y dlfal wfa fat HSTUTr 7 ?rfa fer pr fee hh 
ufeeudHT feptr 1 e^ rro" fafadTr fa fefe Trwfenr 
fa uh 22 HHr faefer yfe efa Udiri^d 1 ^' fat ufefa 

tfffa fa HfajH HH fee 7 " I fer fat UHHoT Memocres poul 
servir a 1' histoire el an progress de I’astronomie (1738) 
fee gdfat Ufefa fa HdrT Hfedt ffadfaH-W fetTH 
oTdTT fat Ufofa fefat ffafat difat HI H?T 1747 fee fej 
UfdH Udd Wfetf 7 " > >ffa Hf5"-H?r r fesCdl fife" 

faGdF.fasrw wrzfeHH ffagcre offe few i for fa 

0HJ5" Hfajfat (Hotel Cluny) fee fef UUeH'tt' HUTUH 




29 



TOTO i m 1753 fey fen y 3573 gjfe y fey inaaTHy 

(1761) TO feoT H3TOTO>ffet hfftlW7 y OTI offer, 
fej WU3ff feHH W UftrJSr ^HftPHcT TO I 

11 3333, 1768 yulTOrfet feyTOHy33lTOl 
3. U .->))?>. fa. H 7 . 3 : 449 

3^ : eyoid' cm wfetcr y TO33-U3TO 
fvrfeH^r 3TO TO 33 PIT opTOTO y jjf33 % f^j=[t 
TOW HlitTOw y tfeTO fey fey fTOTO irfey y 225 
fy . TO. Gfea-yay fed yfew 3 1 fey aro y TOro 

Hf33, H3 rt'dH TOdWdl H'ddl TO WSdTO U5>ft 
UTOhf M3 - TOT 33 fey HH33 ddddl Middl'd 31 fey 

to fes^'y wttt TO Qyya' TO few 1 ? 1 

GdU't!o( 31 fey fec^ H'dlW ?HTO TO HHyTO rld'rl' 
d'dl 3'dd sfet? 1 31 Wfe" TO dH 1 y rid 'id £dl W7 
frt.ed HfetT '«! 75fU3 fe ^33 cf377 Hdld feFcSHd 1 
wfe TOJTt ojtlddl ytiddi'd fey yryw 3 TOt 377 I 

fet feTO fey WTHT HfyW TOy 3 1 W4y77 fey TO33 

o o 

STOW :#TOW HTTWTO W ^33 31 fet KF WT 

feytry, TOffer, Gw ht? oid<v y ccdtrw 377 i sTOw 
»fe yyytw httwto fey TOw TO TO * TOy TO 
Ofeyr, syfet, trf77 TOw TOro, fetdrafay nyra 
wife yy§y enra 3 1 fey TO >n'3f®J r to fey 33 

Ud' H3 _ HU T 3 T 3 1 fed Hfdd %Ul W oltldTO tfeddl'd 
US' c?gfe fey H33F3 TO 3 1 TOW HttTOw fe TTOT 7737 
yfet Hdo< feyy 250 fy. TO. ^3 of*sJ' TO yy yy 
TOjfew to nyy 31 313TOW fey feyytw TO yy 
W3 HdTOw fey H33 fefe HfetfedT HTOTTtW TO feTO 
TO ocdrt 3771 333 fttfew TO d fed TO 31 fefcl 
fefoHTO MTifedfedl TO ^fe (1905 Hi - .), oT^iT 
W F3 HoFSHfeoT (1912 #.), MW 

fenzUyfez w yyTTfefet, yyy ufe»f 3^, fifeTTt 
W3§H3yr. 3^3 W33 feH^ffefy >>fe fe? fWT 
onfefeT fonyryterar HH T fe3t- »fe wife wy yyy cfer 

377 1 Hf33 felw 33 HH33 tfe fey 3f3 {fefetw- 
Ui3, ffeH75K Wfe3 Uf3 »fe ^fe n^feoiH'cT UW 
yviy 377 1 

nttry yfe yyy fel yy d3ln^ >K3 yfefeldTi £ 
1654 Ht. fey oftfej- Htl fe- 1679 fey fet>H3 3753 
(Sieur Duluth) fedd wfew Ht feT fe TT 1- 3 3t Hfdd 

y 77*" Hiwnfe7 1792 fey for afe fey 33 ^wr 
yfewfe) - yyfe- fe yy 33 y ^ir3 yyt w fet 33373 

fetfet yfet nti fey 1817 gt. feytTO-^orHwiyyy 

fen HHfet §■ tfety few 1 fe^ - .33 yufefw fite 1 ^fey 
fel377 rtfel 5o( fedd wfy 331 fe - 1856 fey fed 
3l33 fet 33 r U?7 r 3Ft, filt 1 1870 3t. fey fe3 S’ dfddl 

wjffewy uhjy 33i fen 3 1 l hft fefe fkffeHyr 
ywfey fey Hyyyt Fife' yfet ?7f33 ue'dl yifet i fe - 
1880 fey fen Hfdd y flrsyfe fey try yyfet wife 



s3rtci^id , ynt yyyy 

9y fus 1 efyy §773 9y yfeiw 1 wyit 1 fey jfehiyr y 
HHyyyyyyfywi 

WHfet - 85,493 (1990) 

46°47' t- .; 92°06 / IJ. H3. 

3. y - nte - . Wf. 9 : 464 ; ^t3. ffe. tF. 4:266 

olWotd^', (.^de/lft 5# feoTJB") ffeQ nlcS : 

1 9 fe 1 33t y yfey »ftr y fey i{fyy yyfetyt feyayy 

fe tTTfe 26 tyljK, 1798 3 0133 y 3y hi'd'ftdrtHfe- 
Hf3H fe¥ ttffeWl fed dfet offe 313 33F fet 533 1 3 

uy€fey)w nfe fey y 1 yy y fyyyord^ §143 gyy 
uyy irfew 1 

yy feyyy to to yf yf ! fey y fero ytife 3 
31TO1 ffey dofdl feyy yyt fey f yfetw! TTCfetwi 
hfe ly tifeiy yyyty 3rfe77 y Hzyfef ifew feproi 

fey y ufeff f333 ‘Dante and Virgil in the Infernal 
Regions’ S fed 1822 fey UTOdfed' 9few, 3 HTO S' 
gyy tjrofey yfer| fefeyw »fe nyyfe 1 111377^ 
rfy §3 1 fey y ugro-^y h?7 i fe 1832 fey ftyfe 
fry # fey S’ 33 <€fyyd fey feyi fey y cfet 
Hro^3t TOf ?t ofty ffeyr fey hh y ufey 33377 
(i833)tTOrfe33yyiy?7 1835 3 1 i86i tfeyfey 
y 333 HFfeyt aw sftroi 

fey wraF f-1^y fyyyroyr to i^hot yt fefe" 
ytw ferro s' TOyy K3t 1825 3t. fey fey yyy 
■ feprri fey y yfeyy dw srferoTO wt to» 33 
P7 ytw ferTO y ?t ofet fey ffei ‘yt tfe wy 
H'3iFyaTOy ; (1827), ‘3ffe wmrfefedi mfe TO 
afeyy hife fHyyuft’ (1827), ‘TO wysmy wy 

3fe3T W3 fetor’ ^1896) W3 ‘3fe3T W^ 
d'6'HtdlSuy yfet y- Vditydii’. (1841) fey y 
Qy'ddci 3y I ‘3F3TT W3 f«33dl FfZ TO Odlolsiy’ 
fyyy y fey TO ^ryfefel ipyTO yro ferofey yfe 
uroyyroyi 

77TOTHH33T HdW Ffy yH3 W3 feuTOi? Wfe 

fey grot fey y ty-lyyy fey TO fyyyorfet to 
? ttw 77W yy 1 fey y yaTOny yfe uttr fyyy ?p?3 
TO W33 dittdl fey TO-tyror yy 1 ^ayyy feGTOwf 
fey TO fey y y sryory 33 33 yy 1 

^ud TOr otd* TO3y fey TO fyyy y yyy wi3 
few 1 yy 1849 tot feyy yfe 77yyfeft feHyyw wf 
feyar TO yy 3 31TO 1 fey y yy to h>t fey y wuTO 
craw y nTOy yyy fey TO ferrofewi 13 hraiyy, 
1863 y OfTOr fet feyTO yy 1 3iTO 1 

3. l/.-’Jty . fe. ft. 5 : 565; tff. 6 : 158; ^3. >H>t. 

8 : 604 » 

F&o TBTT, td'drtH : 333T TO fey ufw 

feuyfecry sraft TO fey y 33fe fey 1830 w 




30 



3<>W'few fHHS 



1848 tt. fey ff yfew yyrey fey yyyryy few 
fwi fey f 7 f?w 2 wrayy, 1809 £ safe fey 
3W Ffew I H71 1830 fey FF Wfe H3P?H HW 
fey wf fefywytt Ft yt uf fey# #y hw #t ynry 
fBUHfffor?) HHfe# ‘Amis du Peuple’ fey WFT HF 7 
Hf yy fey yt I HP I832fey feyffuy WFHrj §tt 
feffer §■ cT3K cTyy #t Wfey c?F?7 F 7 FF ffetW 

few i fen 0TO77 fen yyfe gy # hwj yy few 

WF 1841 Ft ## §t Ft fey I 

gyfe wiry w$w # fen wyytwHF fe??fcr 
whi 7 wf §w few £ fey yfew yyy itothf cw 
H f #ty i fen HHfe few £ #feyt yyfe fey weft 
yyyiyvrtw fey #t yf # few few wf wtl 1848 
fey .dd'H fey fec< FF HUF^T? cS'rt WFt s)'dl 
d'ldrtlTdd dytflrtl Hdld feF IjfdH W ftlW WF fec{ 

5y wry #few few fey h'fwf yrttwr y #w Ft 
c?y#t w#yy wf few# feFti fen - sry fen £ 
fw^fttf # fediwV w§y fUwi hf 1853 fey 
fed Hi? .dd'H WUW W few UF feldd'd few 

few wf fen £ Fyy aftww tfewfewin^ 1859 
fey WH HWtt fHFFF feu FWW yurr W few I 

H77 1870 fey ,<o d 1 H Ft FFt H'FWdd #t 1TFH 9" 
Hitt I SFFFF £ 1871 tt. fey *H5A W 

HtF yfew few I tfew 5rfe$77 Ft HFFgF £ far 
#TJF fUF Ijsf '*« ll'few 813" fen £ FF y '.dll W F 7 H#t 
FM WW WF IFF 7 UF 25 HEt, 1871 £ FF 1 few £ 

wyftw 7 Ft fw y wfeww wfat f few jfei^ 

WUF W £ gfttw* FlttW 7 yfe 0fF? IFiFFfFFrtl 
F. U.-^F. fe. y. 3 : 972; ^)F. Wi. 8 : 666 

^W^'RT^T fHTTR - : feF H. tFF fifeir 
>HFJWyFfeF Ft FFHFt »Wte FW tFFHF Ft»F 
fepHfe" ffew" 1w fey nt, fey f 1- nfet h. pra 
feUT (fePJH HWUd iFFFtST Hrtd'rtUF) Ht I H. 

fiyy feur ife fey fofaf'f F3Ft hfif ffi f ujf 
try 5fof if 1783 Ft. fey fenfe fmr ofk 
wryfyy y wife wu £ yn yyF HMFfey srty i 
few y ulw fey fefy f yfew fey yyF # 
H«Ud wfy f feyfew - fey gFHFfet cTy py 
fey i yy fey fife fefe HFyy Ft wo 1 fey tiff 
fenfe ww ^yy fey nyfew i 

HdF'F ywy feur few wy, fefe-few m£ 
tfey h^f fet i fey yfet ferr £ feyy yy y fe feuF 
?w fet FffiiF nfey y uw yF fey y fey# Ft 
HH7W7S fey f ury fyfe y fW yyyyyF y y sfeyf 
M iwf ff ?w y fefew i fen y y . Fjyy feur 

Ft yfey Ft yy FH Fife i fey Ft HFTFfe Ft ?f#WFt 

y y^fe w £ ff y w feur f yfe yfefew- 



feyy # fe fefey ^few y few yF fif y Ffw 
fey HFTFr F FIF I 

fey 1751 fey Fiyy few £ wufe fet §■ # y 
www y w tfew fay f yyy fey Frnry Ffe 
# y fw cfty uf frw few wnr# fet yfey 
yy fey fe w i fey y f wry 9#t yfejy f fe# y 

feys" ff few £ Fmry ff - # fyyF-feyF ctf? 7 Ft 
yfey wy fiffwf Ft twFfe oftfet y y. fjtff few 
£ fy# #t Ft ity f wz §yy feyi #y firay 
1756 fe. #F7T Fiyy few # fey F UFH-yfet 
y. yyy few Ft wziyfet fey fet £ fffff Fir 
fety y fiff irfew £ yftw y ytt pro ?jff 
f ff lit oftyi fey yfi - fet 7 ytFyy wife wt fy 
yfew yFFTiyy iralfew wy ffefe yfetw £ feur fet 

Hd'Fdl Ft W y wfew FfeW cSFaPA' F # 

wul*y FFyy oftfet i y. fwf few wufe fet yfey 

yiryuFy wfewifey 3fi- 1758 Ft.(i8i5 fe.)fey 
wIfhf epf ww»l Ft yifet yfe fey Byyfew £ y 
^zt FFt iry-Fwy yuy fstt Ffew Ffet #iif 
feur Ft fey w FFt feyr fey yt y. w few 
yyyfetw yyw yt i fey fir^ ffeywy f FFyy 
y yyy fef? w fey yfet yy# y uf fet §fiw tw 
ymfe wy few y yty few Ft WFryfet fey 
yfew ffey £ 1'rtn 1 fb 7 fey hhf U'<t1 wfy £w 
ffet #y y ?yfyw feiw i #y-gyy, y^yt yy fe 
Ffw wfy yycF yyyy wy few f fey fey g - 
Ffey wf ew f ftfi yy 1759 (yyy 1816 ) £ 
wb w#f Ft feyr fey y. wy few yFwt rw 
hfIf ufew 1 ff ufe fey f yfe yyy feiry few y 
odfewy few yt HHrtl fet fra# ff hoIf 9ftf yy 1 
fey ffet y. wy few y 1 firfe ysryfetw 7 fenfi f 7 
w^ - fey f 7 HiFFy FiFfFwy few yffew fep>ri fey 
H'A feet FWt ^ KSfet fey did ltd WW few HdlF F 
few y tygfet y FH-uy tt y. ff few fht flft 
Ft wrrefet yyy fferi (f. wt, gww? y^ 
few fife yfey f 7 gfet fe) 1 

y . yryr few ytfew ywy y #h orw ff 7 fe 1 

fet 7 Ft Hd'tldl # ftyoTK sfdldl sFg # HF £ 

tfeyw fey # wfey gfew y few fer # y. Fiyy 
•\ — 

few ww ?w wyfew fey yfey ffen ygy Ft 

wyfe fey y. yfe few yyft ww fey # wii<t1 

fewyir y FF'Fdt y ypr uy sffy 1 fey fife wfW 

yyr f yfey fyayy fyww £ wafet ot yy f wz 

fyfyw y fey f fey# §iry smy fey y fey f 

yyy y# wfe £ yjy wy Ft few stt ufew y fenu 

yyfewi fey f f% y yy Ffew y uyfey f y 

yyyt ytyy yy yory f#3T £ fe tffey ww fey fFF 

f wyt# ff fey y yy fife Ft few yfe fyrw I 

twyfew Ft fey yy ff^ few f yfe 1 




31 



33753 gffte - 



33 1763 (1820 fe.) f Hdfdd 3 333 33 fe 

tfe H'fdW f^PX 1 " fe fed 3. d'd' f3W 3 WV3 13% 7) T A 
udK §3, uJdid 1 i 1 , yfes'A wife 3 shw offer i 3if 
(313) §■ HSW fcSHfdd StW I 33 fe3 tfe fe S33 ffe3 
8 ?fe fe WH33 W fe75'S r fe W3 - 3. W few 
WU3 ftffe i-fl^rt, ffe%S §fe >>ffefuW3 dfdW'Sdld' 
ffeS3§f5TO3fe T 3fdSfedWfefUWlfe>F3r3 T l 

fes W3t few feufef OdfeS'A) fe HW fetT 3 3. 
3¥ few 7535 Sfe 20 ffe3 ?5Wfe 3fe 3fcft U3 §3 W 

felO feG dyt-| 3" Wid'ftot UHW fe <V S'HWU fdd' fe 

few 33 £ WU3t StT fSW 3 ?3J3 )fe?>t ufe I 3. 
d'd' few fe WUlcS H3 feS U3 33 3 tTfe fe OH §U3 
Sfe 3fe 33fe fe W{ 375W fe feS-H3 3 S H33 
?5fe 75S fej Sfe I 

3. 3W few 3 W3T f§3 753S-3T33 few, 3W 
few 3 3W few 331 fSTfeJ' W31d'3r, U33S3, few 

feufe (33335) 3333 3 U$ W3 W feW'cO wfe 
^WW fe33 3333,. 75SW Wife fe^fe 3dfe3 W 
feiT fed I fed fdft dld-dlO .d3'd fe W333 <3'A 
feWoT 3?) I 3fet 3 1 " rtdlsfdl 5 753 fe WO-lidcSl 3 r 
^>H#33 3lwfe3j 1807 St.fe3?3fe¥ ' 
fed fe 1 fell cfdtS §Udd Hd'd'i-r dtirlld few 3 
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fePH 1 " I 

fe3 3 (Cours elementaire de mecanique (1850); 
Cours elementaire d'astronomie (1853); La theorie de 




suuu 



32 



la lima (1860-67) ; Traite de mecanique rationnelle 
(1856); Relentissement de la rotaition de la terre (1866) 
ms Rapport sur les progres de 1'astronomie (1867) 
UUSoT 7 foutm 7 I 

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33 



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57°04 / §". 1%3. ; 24°03 / ¥. S3. 

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7 : 801 

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34 



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oi '0 , irlcj'd (tT 7 dlfdC ) : HUd HSt U feu 
fusudfe U 7 U?7U 7 MUS, 1613 fe. S TttUUSS feu 
sfetssfey ufew i feu s yftrs 7 wufe fus 7 s ms 
feu m 1628 S 1631 Sd 5ufeU S fufew 1PUS 
dtst I feu U HUS fudd 7 §UU UHW U 7 HUTU FTHUH 
fuyfet luu 7 5" i tfey 7 t^rs 7 feu uuu s g 7 u iusu 

MS HUU usfets U 7 UUT FOlUU 7TUU W^U 7 Ul 
fesfed feHH tSdfefUT feU HS’ feU HSt fe OU'dUS 
^■| H 7 MU feU feU S HUU Hfetd SH fUSU dS 7 ^S 
ttPFPS US 7 HU did 1 I feU S «o(d1 fuu fet fusu 
Hsfei SFfetu 7 ye'Qe feu ijluHt irus dus fuss 
feu S FPCPUS ufes-feu y^'Qd HU efts I sfess 
fey feu S fdddoPd' U fed fey MS HdS fe FTHUTO 
dtst I ‘ut IHUT HUU' (1658), ‘sfefe-HdS' (S. 1660), 
‘Ut HfetSUT FTfS^ MrfU feu U dS fefSU US I 

9 guuul, 1675 nt, f sfetss fey feu ut HS U 
ufetl 

U. y.->>t?r. fe. H 7 . 3 :636 ; ?>l7y. MFT. 9 : 272; TO ^tS 
6 : 365 




35 



of'Qcl, ’d'drtH HAAT : fedlSs! A fen BW 
>83 33f 3 3SK 19 >8333, 1843 At. S ngg fen 
tfends ns fey nfeyri fen s Ans >83 tyfra 
y*l<ddfHdl4r fey- fefAw iro AtAt i fetA^r-uniAt 

— *. S 

ASTSSrsfensAtAfar, CTcfU, yfgdtcT >83 .dSHdl S 

gn3>8 t 3>8ltpfaScft3 r inS 1876 fen fen Snfang 
3 8fny At oi'dd 1 H<f cfldl frTTT S fen §" Ad'd fed 
UfiTU gn Add 1 I >831 3 H.dd feH S rtdlddl A H'rt' 
fed HtHS odd 1 I feT H.dd A Hdld fen S >8dy' At 
nfett-nfoAt >83 Afen-ygnt >8nn A pis At nra 
dnstufetl 

(ydiS'sj gnjn yn sr fen s yn3 gy felw i for 
At 33 nr? H?5t >8fo3Hy-cTS gnfat At I fen At 
crfg3 At UHBcT ‘At sPT> fes fags’ ( 1 906) g fi-lrt3 
fed - wfad M^iforf fw for Afar on ynddA 

fafeH oTFS toy’; (1908), ‘At gfe>.dH’ (1908); ‘At 
oTSAgfe (1912); ‘At d'Afasd’ 3 ‘HSilS’ (1920) 
OS I 

20 flsgdl, 1926 At. £ tfe fey- for At its o 
dlAI I 

0. U.-^tS. fa. 7 : 606; 8t?T. »fa. 9 : 277 

sj'Qsj* fasJ-gdsf : ^rfeosn A fen 8rsn°r 
>83 cfet 3 3SH 3 nAt, 1843 At. S gW g'Adt fen 

oCdo( fey d(d9f r I fed fyHU id'A £3 'QsS* 3 gd 1 S*d' 

At i fen s' plsn farsn gw >83 fefsAt gw 
^yfes' fey fefeyf nun AtAt i ns 1867 fen fen 
SOm-gS 1- M3" >80T03t 3f03 3 Qino fsygd A 

fei^ri for At ‘ngmrfafo.A farAfart nrat ws ton 
nfetfa yfe wzz’ (1875) faAraAt nfon At ufast 
UH3or At frTFT fen fens HgnAfafO Afar , nAfar 

ddS'g § fegfodT oftd 1- At I ‘sfefe »Tg nS* ( 1886), 
MW* 1 At fen At feg yfny yrraor y i 

feH S ffeHUfefcT At yH3oT ^ y>R : 53 , >H3 favr^ 

yfe fsfef?’ W HITES' At ofte 7 ' I HS - 1900 feo fens' 
HwAferdWi'g' eTHWsddd 1 -! 

4 yftfe - , 1913 At. §■ syfws fey fen At H3 A 

mAt i 

y. y.-A)S. fa;. 1 ■. 615; >>fa. >jfa. 9 : 286 

d'Q h : fenffeAtwfeHSfe Ayrsn^nfen At 

ci'O <0 n fauAt 2,466 g. fe. At. A rat Aun ffet- 

?tfet ud'dw fey Iwt nAt ti g^As - Cfefra fen e 1- 
n^n-ram ni fen nfra w ?r snfe3 nfe u^fra At 
fen mro gra few 1 1 

gffs- 5rAAt w ud'3fl' fds- ffe-fAt new 

fed gfgM 1 " dfe'H 1 " 1 1 (1) nyS” g3 HdS llddd 07T 

fern# 852 At. At Qfefet A ns - 1 fe^fa t nAfe tsw 
AAt ^ Ann gt foRF ww ni fen Ann AtAnts 



si'QSd 

afefefe fenn w ni ( 2 ) fedd'drt 1 ' 535 At. ffer 
gw#?)t ATsfefe g 1 ^ 1 Arts fen Udddl ysrar tA n«fe 
offn AAt w ynn M3 ( 3 ) rA ?ttgt fAt gw 
dHrtd 5rAAt>>f3 n'rtlgd nryrattydn ni 

nAfe gra irf 3 3 §3n-ygK fen Hnigr 
nfrar At gfet n 1 g'fs" sr^At nfet At nwn 3 rat 
unfe" g’fet nrafe y^dd gnt n 1 fen ^ ifc'-ifaAt 
3y3-ygt fenn n 1- fnfe - un fegnn n 1 ra?" n 1- nra 7 
nfe tnw gfe yfeA ra 3 ynn gfet nnt ni fen 
snfAt fen hu 7- usrat nsyt totA gt fnAfer ns - 1 
tfafra nfen 3 nfe tfefra Afar ynni'd* gt 
y r u3oAfarns'i 

gfafAn fen At yfets orftnfarAt rar-oro- 
Arar rawst At 1 n^gt nAt Arar tts At pnt s 
fen A nt fertfe ffe- aratr nra rar opfen 
At3 T 1 §n A yngfe 9t ofet feA 33 gt An A rar- 
orw At w fAgrfA ra 1 AitraiA fen fefsn An A 
rar-oTTr Aras nra? »f3 fedf3d A nmAfat A 
fen mfefar snfwfaf" gt orfen AtAfer 1 

Ay nfen w 7 ^ Onfeor f few Irar, 
fsQdS'dsid, y“rt.§Hd >H3 fdrtdyd fen yiAAt A on 
Hnra nfen U3 1 fe^nnt fey yfAArafe A aTgran n 1- 
f*gy-ny T S' n 1 

d'O'At At »mfra3 r Ay ra fen gfet Ann 
fsran n 1 fen Afar Ay gnjA nit, nn - 3 ns 1 

fen 3 feiA t»fat, Hrart-m?53 3 nn-iro^ »rfA 
grat gfet (33 yyy3 qA gt i{fS3 ns 1 

nfe3 fen s'ferts 3 nn At Anfet 3 nnfet, 
tns AtyAfedi, ngfetnd'd 7 AynAy^'Gd yrfA A 
OdMdi At dtcft 3 nsi nfeA fen nsfet AnAnr 
c^'O'Al Atnratsr nTnns fnferni 

n. y.->>ts. fa. 7 : 616 ; ^t?T. >«t. 9 : 320 

sJ’OrtrH : fAn fediw'si A Ay3-ura fen nfen 

ss — 

dirt 1 Aid'd unfefar ns A Ay An 3 nw Afar nAfar 
nAfar ns i fe^ 7 3 s^ AintAt A nnn 'fs' 3 fw 
ftmn r H3sy unfet od 1 n i fen fen yy 3n 3 Afent 
d'Qsd, gfe >H3 nnt srffefar A AyAt si'Asd >H3 
fewsfen >H3 nraffen Afar Afe-fAfar noiw nsi 
fey- tw Afent grfsn nnt >H3 gfe srAAfar nfet 
ytA nyfet ss'Csid nran nfet nAnn 3cr nfert n i 
AAAt d'Qsd At Anfet rtdiddi iso fe. At. ni fen 
fen w-w 3 gAt fw At nsi Ag sAfar A Afrar 
fen ns 7 >83 nnor ifeAfar nsi Afent d'Qsn A 
nfrar Ann gs >H3 nyfet nAsn A nfrar gs 

gfen ns i Ay sAfar A fennn gtsn 3 ynn ni 

d 'Qsd Aun ydy >HdH T yfo«' nn3 nyfA Ams 
nA ns un nn fen fertyrt gfes ns ggs in urn 
nt n3 n fen A #3 irsfar feAfar ns 1 3fsn Ay 




^§75, #§y753 7*fe 



36 



3 fet rife 73 U7¥-fefe73cT f3# 53§ HH77 7 1 
for U777-75# # >HH3 73# 757177T 10 f§. #. 37 
Q## «7177T 165 #. 71 

7. U.-^7. fe H 7 . 4 :204 ; fe. fe. f . 5 : 214 ; >te\ Wf. 
9 : 321 

SI'O?), : WH TtW 3 for 

#U1 #753 H7HW T 7 775H 24 3377, 1705 § 

W3#W f¥7 #>FF fey Tfew I 




§#¥ wt^/fes - 

#5 1718 fe7 t# §37 fe7 # f#T WH#W 
¥75 fen# § s# h 1 #73 f¥7 3375" 7 few yf3 
i3T W 77T TfTTT 7 733 of# 7 I fe3 3 H73 fe3 3 
1734-35 #. fe7 fez# >X7 3#75 # >X3 1737-39 
fe7 37§t f%77 >H3 1740-48 #. 773 W3§tW 7 
Qdd'feol'd 7 MO fey sf'dl few I dtt! d«l f#T <7 
WT^tW# ¥# T 7 UftddlS* 51775 7 W73 offer I .fife# 
# felT# fe7 ¥3J 7 offe 7 , §?f fe7 >>37377 # 3 T ¥75 7 
<3WQz 7 7377 offe >H3 §77 # d of# oft #¥75# W5 
<Tfe7T rtfcl 5 ifecT Mcjtt # Hti'UcT 1 " oil c/1 I fed ‘^■ri 
yf3#W #W #7 Wyf 7 7 T 733 ST##! ##7# 
fifeffeHfeW d'clddd y3 71#WI 

>H3^W >H3 UH^ 77fH»F77 33 ¥# fe-W 
tfe 7d' 75 feFT #W B7 #J H'^U'd/l ’S'ttlW rtlc/lW 
5773 feH # yffeTTT 7 # eft# 71# I tj?5 1757, fe¥ 
f#T # crfefe fey - 7 '733 TtsfeoT #W f# $ 
TTftFWnfe 1758 fe¥yf3 1759 #. fe7 Ho375 fey 
U73T #W ¥# §" 73 fe# I H75 1 760 fe7 737T fey 
fe3 # T 7 ? 7# I H75 1762 fe7 ISlMw ?? §375 
T 7 773 yfew I f#T >H77 7 HT 7 ^ M73 feoT ¥# H3 
fe3 3f3fe7H l ri73HWoft3y#§fe3>H§3#3 
ife # 77F HT 7 ©^ T 7 7375 T# 7 1 

5 <od<Sdl , 1766 fey ^WTT 7 fey f#T # 33 7 

dl#l 

7. y.-ufrr. fe H 7 . 3 : 903 



rFTT : f#r yfeT# ifeftetf 'y t 7 375H 
#7 1562-63 fe7 3feW TfaW feT 7 7 1 fell 7 77777 
73 U§ 77 7 ¥7 75# feT 7 W Hof^ 7 ! fol T 7 777H 
wforofe fe7 oFQ'#- 3yfo7j fey W f&dlrtsJ fe7 
tR7fk?7R77 fey Tfew I fefTW UOT? 5i7^ H77 1580 

# 1584 3of 73 RW 75# felT 17 >87177 T'TTTT 7 §75 
OT# offet I f#T H^ 7 773 f#T ^# §7feoT fewfefef 7 
T - #47cT fey >8' few I f#J f#7 fedltt d ^UH W 
17TWIH77 1588 fe7f#T^W53t77'#>>fe 1597 # 
#775+ cMdtl # HTffe # fed# 133 cffet | fed" f#7 
yTU 7 m H77 75# T^W Tfew I f#T H77 773 f#J 
71# TTT-TTT 7 # fe7 few fFl¥ f#T 3# §3 §# 7 
HTTfe^T 7 f fefeW 1 1#T # 7H 73 # 777 fek 7 # 
UTf f#J U# 73 7 H# I §7 HVf 75# f#T fH7TH3 ^37 
WfelWIHT? 1598 fe7 fe7 S’ t77HW 7 f^THTlWF 
77 §75 ^fe 7 dW§c! # ^cl# H7 53 75# 77 T5 7 
HHTilyyE WTTS* 51375 #7 1606 f%7 f#T f t?5HW 

# H^ 7 ^ §3 ITT 7 fePH 7 ! H71? 1612 #. fe3 f§7T 

fe-fH 7 §75 fefe 7 # Sol# 3 7571 felW I f#T ^ 

90 7 75737T TTTT 7 #" U7 cffetw I 

#5 1626 fe7 W^75 fey" f#T # H3" 7 71# I 
y. y.-8l75. fe. 7 : 616; >>3. fe. 3. 3 : 647 

: fer yrt'o/l W55F7 H33# 
W7 77H75 fefelW7it # feTT 7 WU#fW fey# >H7 
iW 57775 7K >8# H3 7377 fe7 777 Ufife # I f#T 
T 7 775H 757177T 40 #. fe7 fekflcStW fe7 U7H fey - 
##>F I 73# 51375 7 53§ 82 #. fe7 f#T §" fyyfelw 
33" fec«l fe# §3 fyd' t#W I 14 fej U# 
71## # 7 T 753 fe7 5lfe H33 7 T5 7 # 73T U37 7 
feF 1. 7' 7 73 t##Wr # H7 7m felT # 7753775t 

t 7 >>fe ##w >># fesr 73^w >># ,f#7377 ^ f#r 

7- 75# #¥75 W7¥ ^fe 7 ! 

r^H'HdK 7 80 73# T 7 felfe »# §3 
OT y# ¥33 T 75 7 U' 7 ZZ 77 #757 775 1 ‘On Kingship’ , 
‘Olympicus’, ‘On Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides’ 
>># ‘Euboicus’ 737 #77 775 1 ‘feQS feclH’ fe7 feH 
7 fyQ#W 73 ^3 7f #¥75 T 7 ¥773 Tfe 7 7>H7 
f#T o3§ f#T # HWTcT >># yPTTol f##I3 U3 T# - 
H77H 7 7 1 TrfeG' 7 7753 7535 777 fW7 # WT f#T 
#f # 77M7 S' H¥tol3 53T 7 # I 

1 12 #. 7 77I77T f#T # H7 7 71# I 
7. y.-^?5. fe. 3. 3 : 556 

5l 1 f«Qo(ttlH6':##H# 773 fejTKT 7 fear 
ufetr 7 '773 # 1 feFT T 7 775H 245 #. fe7 3T##>W, 
7 fe y#§ 7dlH3 r #W fe7 fe H33 7 fey feoT 
Hrifet ft# U3 7 # fe7 ufeyfl f#r T 7 P775 7 A 7 ©' 




37 



sfefeisfeH fe i Is fes Ife msh? ?ss §uus ut 
fen s wuw fe^ sj'fyQofwlw* uu fowl mss 
tTfe?> ^ fefo fen 7> difo fey - fetus sfe fes 

dltH'd I SFMF fes UH7U y SH 'd cf 'dlrtH F M?T - 
feUMS 1 ' fes HFHS S? ftT3 T f?TW 1 fed HUS? 
gfew fes fes fe faff §■ y^dwo ^ fed 'few feuu 
wu* «yl fsM 1 ? offe 1 " nt i 

feu 284 fes gw? srafen f fes-uss? 
MS dd 1 TpUfeWiU F o(drt ? H'ci S’, fi-fU'dlM 1 " (U 
si'feGcffeH<S W Sd'FH'd US W W? of? fFS T I 
ySH'd %fe fe? tfs fUHfeWU $ SSS 

SUcU S 1- its fe, § MSS Ufe SSS of? fes 7 UU feH S' 
d'rt fedd dfe W HfetcU? MS nidi W -dot ut fefi-fS fe 
MSHstsusfsHSHSSTfeTSFrfeusfeiHS 
285 fes US-USSt ?5fet ffej 7 FS 7 3US 7 fess 7 ? 
FSfet ? UTfel of'dlAH' F wife M?HU S fe §F S 
SSS of? fes 7 ms sfe^offefeU H 7 ? UK F 7 5W7 
?S few I 

ysn'd hss §u?s fen <u wus us §■ >s§s 
ms ferfuMS yd'Od sfe u? us? fes sfe 
SHFfotW 7 MS HSU 5ftS I fefFS HSUS S Hfe S?T 
?rs swfs ffstfort sofetus f f It hsh 7 ? 
W€St TOM HSfefS 5ft? I feH UU S 285 fe. 
fes feu t HSfilfeMcU, F fs fed MfoutWS fe, S 
feH? (gS TOW) F 7 US fFS 7 S§ffjUSU 
Ugfe fSH Ft FU-UU Hlf f?St MS TTUHtt US 

sfe unfoM 7 s uss Mfer? ffeut feufe fes 
fifJTO feu tfew I USB 1 ? WIT Ugfe McUfefeW fes 
fosfetttw fes feS" S 7 fe UUfe f?H fes SMH Ft 
UFSyfe fedld'fe' MtFHU! 

feu 293 fe? fe? s wumfeu S fas 1 ? CPUS 
cffe T S .CtH 1 S feus S Hfefeflwu J fe" M'diHcy KcU 
few i us feu s wus yu? s us ffet ursutwr fe 
Hfe? ys 1- few MS offensulwu UfeS ofeUK $ fe 
feffHHtMcU. S Fffe? ye'fdW U? MSS 1- MUS feH S 
HS S fli? few I UfeS dkMcSd 1 " fe SSS fe ufe 
S?o f5fe US' S Mfe fe? W¥ feS 1- i HS? fe SSS S 

fe feus sfe ms fes ms ffeu fes ms feur ys- 

HMfew? HSHS US few I fe? S ?rT ffe? fe 

HSU offe I SUT ??flW fe feSSt feS UUFcffeM? 
tfe fe UcUU-HUlSS offe' - 1 HHSof trft WffeMF t ^ 
Hd US' S tfeW I 20 TO fe Scffe S SWF trfer fe 
HS-HSS cf?o S fecfH HStFW I F?T tut UH? 5US 
y.dl'ys' MS sufe uxfew S FH S tfew I 
Kfe fe WfeHS USS S' HSUS Hfe fefe feM^ fe>fS t 
ufe SffetM^ I ffe fe 5fd fe fe?UT F UIT fe? FS fe f? 

fest Utfe I ysl^di S-feufeMSSfe^SoTUfesfel 

U? UtT Hfe H?I? ffefe Hfew^ fe HS USSS offet 
urst fe I HS fefe fe FHSMS FSt F ftfe rPUt 



fes I feHt F fHS fe H? feS I UFW F HS-FS Hfe 
sfe (gfe USH Sfe) fits Sfe feS I FU-HSfet SU7T 
SfeuW ffet H?S Hd'd' HSU? festw*" I 




^fyQoffejHtS 



fe? fenfetMi- s'- sus feM fei fen s ffe 
§U? sfe S 5 H fe fes I fes wife H?-FS UUH t HS 
S?feS c(dc5 F US f%F fe I 

feU 304 feF fe? SUfe feVF? U few I feH SWU 
1 Hfe, 305 ffeFHSfifetMSSfeH^feH^ 
US-fefe gfe fFSt MS MfeUMSS HI? F S? ffe 

Hufe? fe? wus hss Mfefius^Hfus fe? feus 
ffe fuw U? feH S fue" HfUfet fe us fe? sfet 

UT 3 HS Is Ufet MS UTFt-Sfefe ?fet FFSfUF HU U 
UTfelfeHFMSSH'W QfmI feF fes I feu 316 fe? 
HSTT feu feH fet HS U dfet I - 

y. u.-^. fe : HU 4 : 105; feu. »fe. 9: 132 ; feu. . 
6 : 282 

sj'fyQSdH (Ifffe^ - ) : fe? HUJSfew F 
firosHt ifs s dr«gd?id fe fans fen fe fe f wus 
SSS TO fuss susfew fe gs *1 aSH'US StFH 
fest I H?TSS SUcU feuus fe? 250 fe. FUSU UFH'J 
feswi feH S uffefe grfe^iSH fiissfe F HSH 1 ? 
MSfelSH UfijS MS FF F MfeiU feF I feH F US S? 
sfe sssfet cufe fi-rsFt u? sf ffesussfe MSH 1 ? 
firasfe HSH 1 ?, fHSSH FF S feH TO fitSUS Iffes 
<Ufe feH TO M T USt' SS W few? S? fFS T I H7T 246 
F Sfe? feFSfe HSHSS U 3 ? fe? £(S S feH S US? 
StF^iSH FUF H T FH T ? ?fSW MS a'feGSFH UfUS 
Ft HS fu?S§? WUS SfeS F feH 1 ?? SS Ufitu 

ufewi 

U. U.-MtS.fe. H 1- . 4 :107 

S ! f?& 9 <dH (^tT r ) : fe? feSoffe HSW 

sOfeGtdH Ufefe S US? fe MS Stfe HFt fe. U. F 





38 



sdfeGSad MUR'd 



df3S TOpH 7 feu UtTO §3 US 7 I fen £ fdH 7 TO dHHU 
ytlH'Od dfe 3fe f3dfU3 3d fed US * J1 fed 1 TO 
dUTO dU fedS feu dFiSU ?W 3 3d feu UTO 
TOU 7 >X3 dfdS fdS 7 3 §SS fdSUd ^3 3 feud 
duTOdfe sto HHU3 feu dnuHTOd 7 whw TO 

WHt U 7 U'dfU 7 TOU 7 I dS 235 3 Wdlsfdl faff f 
TjjfeTOHd 3 3T3f 3 TOU feTOl 

U. U.-^U. fy.Hl.4: 107 

e pfuGadH Pho<WH : feu feu cpuTO fefTO- 
■ u r du u 7ft from 7 dfaTO dTO TO. u. uuro ufedu i feu 

fesTO 3 UfeTO fedTO TOT 3 dffaTOdfd Ufdf3 fed 
irfedf 7 ? 3K ? feuuTOdf 7 h [fed feu fed s duns 7 
TO?3 faH'fedf 7 I for 3 feffckJ’Hol TOT Jfft 54 TO. 
y". HU U 7 fefdU'H feds’ ofdU ?C|d H'fSdf 7 H'U U I 
for u feferor u 40 »ffwfe d3 dTO feu fro 
TOUFfe tfedf 7 ufedf 7 TO I fep' feu dfUS dU dTO 11 
3 20 to u ddwfe dufrou to i for u 7 fefnud ufe 
dUrofefdU'HU'd' TOTOfed^d udufedjfodsfeu 
?uTO utTO oTO-ftkoF fefTO TOfedffud TO dfuisf 
fsTO u fan feu w-dus-gsro dTO to TOr sfto to i 

U. y -dte". fef. 9 : 133 ■ 

S TttGsdH oTJSTT : feu HUUt U 7 fert'H.Cd TO 
*. — 

feldd 1 fedl'd 1 dd (Vtt Hyu 3dtd 1 TO I fed tlfcjl Util 
TOdTO dU? STOT dTOTOTOdf 7 3 uTOdf 7 fsTfelTO feu 
fed-Pdd fed ufedf 7 I dUdS dig- dfd'rtfel Old UdrU 7 feh 
u d#u yfdu ycs'st ferosuu fefusffetTT sro srfed 
US 1 fe<^j 1 fTOU 7 3 fdTO U fedl'd 1 dd 3f H'Sf o( 1 fed TOTO, 
HHUUd'HHd 3" dd 9U3 H3§3 TO I TOTO HSt Bfefet 
w fTrot fefdd'Hoi'a d 1 feG 1-0*1 d &m?\m fedro 
tr fe sfeHt TOU S SUdFU fes sFfejfUK fed 
SUddUT)- HHfe > d T TEF US" ?F SH" HdS oTTO" dfdst 
»(HlTOS lr 3" dU3 Uf HTOT ufedf W HUH oTTO 307 
St. d. fed fed" dt H3 U" dfet I 

sJ'feQ^dH St <5d1 ^1" fed3 HMS Ud fed FTUt 
frost", hut uu dfefe fefFH'uu 7 st>y- fefe fes uf 

fen Hy ul HHUIut ^dSdd" U I 

U. y.-^te". fe H 1- . 3 : 557 

oJ'feGcS'SjbHH : g?TOf feffeTOT dfOTU feu 
^Hd'drt 3 y*yd3f df3 dUT 3U 3 Hd'y d(3 feHKS 

s r u i fen Hsf feu $ torH fe Hfeu 1 " s^" 

(dTOU TO t-feTO 7 ) felF TOTO U I doOT 3 feW 1 ^ 1 fed- S 
UU TO Hd'SlWT df3 ddPUtwr U?T1 fed" 3^ fed" 3 
TOK, HU7j" df3 tfevTU" dddf ofef #33U dl'd^ 1 TO 
?US3 sftTO fePW U I H3 3 #T dTO3 U^TO dfTOFU 
fed fd§H TO tf3U Fff df3 fed - TO TOK dfetT fed 
UfedF I fed 3f TO d>fet dfed" 3 TOT d3TOT 3t df df 



dU TO |d feU §U UfefeTO 3t 3-3? t df I fdfdTOd 
TTOTOU feOy 3f d3?ff UU 7 3 StUd 7 <sd U U dHrtl §" 
TOT f33f fe §U dFdS fddTU 3 3?3? 3 dUd3 3^" 
Oh §" ’TOdS dllfet §d feu di'Qci Sdt TO3f UU I 

fefd 3 mist dfeoF uf fefe 7 yut cffef dfe ferfet 

(Ud3f ) TO rfeu 7 U3 3 TO3 fed dfdSf 3iT fedUU feu 
drfUTdFlfeufedUU fedcVl 33df fedlfetcS'd? 1 * 
Ufe US 3 <TO3 TOTOd5ff3td3fH3UUfetl 

siyGTOylHH §ddro uiuufeudf du fefd s dptfef 
3 T U3 TTO" dTH43 d3U ^ 9TO fedf 7 df3 dTdS ife" 733 
fd© 1 U" cfd fedf | f33 ifelS 3 (tfe US 3) fed TO TOd 
UfedFlfet Sdt^d §■ 3 TOU dTO Ufedf ufedf nfe' 
9" I fed TO IFSS-ddS Sdld 7 " Utdf 7 dUtdT" 3 oftu 1 " 3 fe 
frous TOSdfeoT TO Ul 

33 1 TOfe^TOHtdd UfedF TO fed 3 RTO 5" 
>%TO 3f d3t TOU dHTO§S ?5df >H3 dpifef HUU3 ?TO 
U" dTO ofd?'Ge ffet TOUf UTOdf TO 3TO odd 1 I fed 
dTOU 3 ■ETOTT fed TO feUTTTO 9s KUlt feQ'fe fed TO 
dUS 7 7TO dfUTO HTOd df U UUirofdF feu fs¥ 
UlTOdf 7 H7T I fed 3 dfdS TO TOT feu dfdiT 3 TO3 
ddfdfd 3 fe^ 7 UUTUTOdf- TOstdf 7 UdTO TO feTOTTO 

TOTO dTO uu TOr Sot u fefe TOdf 7 udofTO TO gu ws 
TO TOdd uu fero TO TO 3d feu fed TO dfdsf TO to 

UTO fedTO U33 U feldF feld3 fed§ dd 3 fSd UU §U 
UUfUTOI 

fed 3TO U TOdffef UTO (TOHfUUUTd) 3 7 S 
TOdfedf 7 1 fd 3 UTO 3 HUS 3df fed 3 yu feU TO3 
HU fuTO I PhOh 3 TOU §- df^ 7 uu furo 3 "TOt dTUTS U 
fuPH 7 1 Gh 3 dfuju TO %S 3 grtd drds 7 yuu TO uus 

UU fero 3 dm USTO HU feldF I 

fefedfd TOdf fTOj- dtdf 3 33 ? T TOdF SUluTOdF 
feu HOTS US 3 fenced UU feroi feu d'-dlrt u 
UlTOdfi- 3 TOf. feu feu- 3 d3U 3 TO 7 HTOdf 7 £ UU 
furo 3 TOr 133 dTO TO UHfUI3TO TO 33 feu d 7 
feTOdu uTOdf 7 1 

feduTO^^^ 17 ^^^fe 3 ^'^i' H 53-f^ rr 

TOTO I fed HUTUdt 3 H33 TOf 3 dTO 3 HU 3 HUTO £ 
feddU dS 7 fed 1 I dtuTO 3 dfdS UdU-TOuU 7 3 S3 
f3TO I TOj 7 3 dSdft 3UT TOdf 7 dS 7 dfU3 U fedU"-dU 3 
TOrT SSI dfdS dUH TO dfUdfTO 7 df3dU fefTO 
TOdf 7 dfTOTO dUTO TOu 3U dStdf 7 1 fy 3 Ud 7 iW 
didjd 1 TOdf 7 US 7 SdS U ssfefdf 7 uTOdf 7 dTOdf 7 
uTOdf 7 uTOdf 7 d3 3 Go tdTOdr df3 US 7 TOdf 7 
df'UTO feU 33 UUTOdf 7 d3 1 33 §U 3?3 3 dffed 
feU uTOdf 7 d3 TO H3Ud UStdf 7 dFdS dFd feu 
TOgHSf 3 7 U3 TOlTOdf 7 d3 1 fed TOUU <5'S Gd TOd 7 3 
3d 33 ?TO d^df 7 5 " TOf feu UU » fet'd 7 d3 1 

fed TO dTO TOrtdf 7 H r sfeu feu ITd UUU TOTOdf 7 
df3 fe) fet'd 7 feu UTO dot I feu Sdfdffef 3U3 7 




39 



Hy'dlwr 3 # fa hot 3Ufa fff I 33 333 feff fa 

fffaf fa gf-faff faf UK CFK Wff HcVdl H'fa 3 I §53 




ojT«G<Vtj]n>1 

ff fefffaffgdg UW^ ^ HrlfK 5fK?T # >HW)- 

qfeufuruff^dg'fed' Ufa ffa fa 3^ feu HffffUfff 
33? ffffU3 fag3 r gffauff fgff Off 7 3 fffTUT 3 5W 
f<od'Udl<: dfd'H T 1 

Wdfeci fuffaur uwf? ffa ffffff 3 uufaf3 
? r >Jl?pW r Htl feff 3 UTU3 ?U g UrfoUF felUff I 
dldd’W dd 1 3 feH fa Hd 3 rtdl 3" Qh 77 fed o( c? 
d'fadAd £ farffaffl dfelfad 3 feff $ Hff o[ gcf# 

ft^3 3f^lK^fbT^yiT-f%3fe3UT?5UofUT- 
gf W?3ffH33?HyUd 3 faff fgff faf gfef HtJU fa 
faf ffffa tret Hfrre ufaf ufaf qfa ufa v ddd r 

33? 5Tfa HUT UW fafa 31 

Ufa?? 7 feff fa ff|U ff^f gW PddfdUT fafa fff 
U3 fug 1 fefff <*fag* Ui3 HcS'cSd 1 ' faff JU fgff 
ffffffeUT fafa 333 I feff 3fff feff 3 HWf U3fa fgff 
|W 3 fff33 yfa§fa fa fegffT 5# I 

wf qug for fa fff^ fenci-uff fa fa? ufa 3 ufaur 
gW gfa 333 fUUffW Ufa 3 1 

y. y.->>l3. fe. 7 : 466; >>l3. fff. >3. 3 : 560 



fafewfc 

d'PyG*! : y*'(5l fKfem>H3H T ?ffartt?33 
PhQh fa Utfa-H'tte fa I ffgf3U3 3 faffffffj PhOh fa 
fafffa Uf3 U33f fa U3H 5T3g Ufa ffgf faff fafa 3, 
feff fafa 'd'fyGfa £ gU gkf gfa fgff few fa3 T 

ffafa 3 1 fefaw fgff feff 3 fafar fa fa yftfafa ^fa- 

fa fa ffafu»3 f3TU3 3 Uf3 ftFfffUFff fa UffffoT 
‘fe^Ulfa fafa feff & fawr fa fa faffU3 felU3 3 1 

3. y.-^t3. fff . W. 3 : 559 

g rfeGfafa? : feff fear ugfafeor (U33sf) 
3337 3 faff fa 3333 3 T 33 T 3 Ufa 31 feff fafa 3 
ffarfa faff UfafaG" oWJ gfafflff? Uf3 feoT ffafafa 
33Pfa? •yfeiff 33 33 1 3' fe&faul d O/j' faf fafa Ufffa 
fafa fecr 3 fafa 3 T gfaffsr fa 'gw ute 7 fafa 3 1 yg3 
|U fa3 fe3 g? S? Ufa fa Hera - fa3 fa 3T33 
d\*d'ryGd'y1d fa awfa? F33 fifa gq? Mfafafar 
UtT r fa Hc<rt fa3 fKrtd J 31 feK fa3 §>>3333 fa 
HTB? 7 gU3 Sfa fH3 §>>3333 oJ'fyGd'bld 
(3?7Wfa3) fa3 >H3 3fa 0337 tWR33 fa H T 33 T gfa 
3fa 3+ Hfa?3fa3 fa3 33H- ifa 3 1 faf3 fefa faff fa 
V333T gfa 3fa 3t 3T33 r fefa3 T fa3 33 tTW 31 
3 T fe§3 1 fa3 fa3 33 »3T377f TffW ?3 fau^ - 33T §U- 
Ufe3 HUfagfad, ffa5H3'8ld, Hgfa, 33offa >X3 
mU'd'Uld 331 

d'fyGdfac! 3 T >HH3 faKWH3 (W % faff) feff 
3^ 3: fHrtld'* ffUifayuld, 59. 67; ^ffafayK, 
16.68; tf33 R3 1 ", 2.93 ; IdK Sfa, 4.09; 
KdlfaHlWf, 3.62; 5Wft>MH, 6'. 22; HfaKiK, 3.50; 
UfffaWf, 2.13; fffafffauM, 0.39 >H3 0.77 qrfa I 

y. y.-nte. fa. i : 469 

^ifaKfaUfa : far yfafafayK »3o33fa3 w 
far Ufe3 3" f33fa fa §3slK 7F& fafe>>3 Uff 7 31 fal 

qfa gfa >fafafa>>3r ufa far fafa fvrfafa % faf 
yfanfaff w Ktf ufa fa uff 1 ’ 31 far ddidfa, fw 
U3 1- , ffa, Ufa fa 3Wfa 3 qfa g 7 ? gfflfa 3 fferff 1 " 1 1 
far fa ug>3 UfH35T ; ffalKH, ffaufa 3 yfKfaff gfa 
usfa-ufefa c5W fa 3 3fa 3 fe§1fer feff fa 0 i 6 dd' 
gfa uraqr? 6.5 3 7 31 feff fa fgfw ur^w 3.4 31 
3ff feff J m ufetu (fofaf) fgff 3T3K faff 1 - 3fa 3 W 
fe3 fat faff cTT? fddfd'd cfffff 1 " 3 UT3 ffafa 
uufafa yi'G'ff 1 3, feff orfa feff fa fa 

fafeuf T ffU3 T UW3 Hddfddl 31 feff fa 3ff?3 A10 (OH) 
31 

y. y.->>l?r. fe . i : 367 

^fe^H'dltS : ffa ffar-fafef (dddH'fedfWof) 

oTffqfa uffeioF fa fffeu fW ffar tr ffar fgff ffa g- 




arfearufeb-r 



40 



Hfeut, HafafuUH (Triunsaturated) gfe 0 U 1 U faa H'fet! feu HUH HU UU H5P5 aH I fefe U 7 autu H 
feU' ri ' UlgritS H^f^UUWUHUHIUSTgHfe? WUt dfet, U1UUH-HUU HU afe UU HaHUU fft I feu, 
H'U'dd' drffeafetfe U fUH ufe UH fafe feu UTUUH afe Hfe UtaP" Udtar U d'ddsid ? T Iffe»f t H 

uTydld'rife (Pyridazine), ftfUtfesilri (Pyrimidine), fe<y utaf" UHtapr U U3T feafHU UUT U 1 " afe fec^T U 
U^feuatH (Pyrazine) H au fea U Ucfet afe H 3°rut feafet UU U 7 auu-PH HUTU 7 U I feu HH 1 U SU sfe 



HUffUU d T feai 1 dl (S HOiH dcS : — 




l 1 



ufeyfeTfetu fefefHst?, 

1,2 m-fEWnfeu FI, 3 Sfee^tU 




ufeHUfetU ! 

1 , 4-3 T fEW T rftS 




afEufeatu afe&? T atu 








feUHH ufuior UH fau# aUUU Ha HUtfad fe 
UU UHI HUH afe HUUaUUH aUUUt fediPUfe feu 
fefefHsftH, fUffeH, Mufe afe afeHfeulH SH 7 
UUfet Ufe Ul aF HH'feut UUT afe UUfetaf 7 fe 
urfeapatH U feGdUH HU (Derivatives) UHI 
toute a 7 HumuFuttu^auftH, feu afuuu 
H 7 fealua ssfenatH u a fe(H a tru 7 yu u fa 
a 'dH*d 'yldi'ayylsi thh hm feH u yp^ l 

u. y.-te. alu. h 7 . z. 4 : 122 

: feu u 7 feap-ufeatufev!tH 

•» •* 

auuT u huh u ua £fet uh i fufe u uhhu Qfedl 
apauta 7 afe aua utaf 7 ufeatH Hit u hj utap" uufe 

feu fHH UH 1 

feu ust huh au (uautun 2-25 at. §“u) apa^H 

U HH UU fe(7 U HH HUH EZ sfe HH afe feu HUt 

Hauan i fury 7 ufar hu 7 huh Hanau hh fay 7 ?uh 



Hurufet H'el fejy U 1 " MUFU hh 1 

utruf wrafer feu uf fen ^uulf fea fanH 
H’ffedHlH HK feu feafetH UHf I feu HaufeH 1-5 Ht. 
§fet, eu yfe, au feu, uauau uu >hh fsfe auuf 
faunfei 

n. U.->vta. fe. VT. 3 :526 ; >fer. Jife. U. U. 4: 104 

wfm' <i Y r*o( jfefey W HU3PH : 

“ ' m •» 

yua ’JfH ’HU HUU 1- ?UH HSt UUf fafe ^ HtTU tfe 
H'HlcSd HaU§'U r fe>H l d' i T*d H^fenfe'-HUgUUT’K 

fau ufe u 1 wgfoa tfenf ^-hu guuFH ufetu 

felUfF -Ufe ufefi- HU H §Hlfe uuf U, felJT UfeTHH 

hu ?a-aHU >hu-hu guuTur uhh ufer uufer hh, 
fafe feu a?w »r feG *1 *hh >hh feQ fonT uur ut hhu 
HUU >HH Hfeteu JJUUFH u ufe Ha UHI HfetaUH H 
HHHU uf 18 fef Tfef feu Hau-Hfefcu gUUPK feHUH 
uf Hu r uu r u Hat 1 fea ^-gu wau Hfetisu 
feHUKUferwf 12 HUHUUbUHKfeTTUHl 

HHU > HH HfetUU gUUTUf H ^iH Hd’ Ufaf 12 HU" 

feu fea fea ?ru 5 " HU T fe>H T a 7 nau u 1 wau hu-t-t- 
T-S ftfe ‘c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c’ ut dddfe feu UUfer UH I 

afefeu auuna feu at an ufe aunfer afefer uh 

> HH feu >H(Sa' dcj 1 (HH HdHfe HU UUfef 1 " UH I HUU 

afetnu fea ut fea aurun faaa u fauut fa ‘t-s-t- 
T-T-T-S’ faa 1 ‘c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c’ ^HHU fut UUt U 
>HH auddt HfeiHU guuaa fe 3 fe T-S-T-T-T-T-S faa 1 
fa ‘c-d-eb-f-g-a-b-c’ ntnau feat w ?ffet uut afet U I 
guura ut au h ufet hu h hu aua uu fea uh u th 
uh afnau uu ufe uh : ufea, auuufHa, at oil feu, 
anuKtHU, iatnu, hu afetfeu w nuunatHU afe 
HHufea w Htftur uh 1 

uapua--guuFa, faa feu afe hu utar afetar 
12 ufe fe feafeauu uu^ u, u feua ?hh fu auftH 
faa feu au uu h aau a 1 " afetnu huufu utar Hfe ut 
auntar afetar §■ afe-au guura fau afe ui 
fefufet aut h ufufe ut usat feftn an" h ffeu? r 
feu uu Hfe" h ^t fanu" u fafe fe uuat sa-auffH 
afe au a aiuuforn h utfe fettn feu 1 ufetH faaut 
HuftHfeuuu-fe‘ufeguuT T afefaHa?fet^taiH- 
au^ guara hhu uufHar afe" u 1 

u. y.-atu. fa. vr. 3 : 526 

a 5 oDd 6 HTT : feu fHfet 
fefHU r aa T u afH ^tr ut H'au’-fefuap" u 1- afepanja at 




41 



erfexfTTtffhe, w cere 



fede r yfeet et. y. 3377 eeee efeyri fee e e?7e 
ee foefee 33 3 3+ ee ?73f fee 7 " 3 nee 7 " ye eet 
fee^fe >H3W fe3 eFffaF" tw fee eefe 7 " 3eftT?7 
3 dMof'dcSHn Hf<Jd fey rlcSfFPX 1 ' I 30 et. y. idd'cS fee 
ee fey erfae-eriee 3 xrfwye 3 33 3 xfrye 7 " 

eraTF 6(377 33F I fee FTVf fee XFyefeX 7 " W fecT fee 
§377 xfetofetefe yFT3e fey fee 1 " 'Rt I fee feee 7 et. 
y . 3337 euet ge eet i fee fyd'e 20 ffrHe 7 " fe3 Fit 
feeet fe H3W3-f?7 3t ^FT33t fee fey cjfte 7 " 3 

<ry fe3 Ffh for fee 3iw?M>HH 3 hfttt 7 " Ffeyt 
33773 MVS'cSl feeetofe 3 §772 .dldycVrtl 32" 3t fe 
33 3t effeiFe 333 3 1 " H77 W777 efw 3, 

feue 7 " 3T773 fitu oft3 T few 31 

fen %3 fee Hd33«t« >43 Ffedre tefefe" 3 
33 fee 1 " fypy 3 1 fen e (33 et del yfet ce^tifed 

5)7(3' et Frys' cftt 313 3?7 fee 6?3e fee foy3 333t 
yfeeer ?73f eeiet U3 fee feee ee e xreire 
fefeeer et Teseet TTet ee e y?7e77 e?w ei 
fe?f fee ufaefee ee yeefe ue ee ye?73 e?7 1 

7. y - M>1. 9 : 136; *13. fe H 1 ". 9 : 109 

3'fefeMwr, W W^3 : fee ferret 
fee feefe^ e 7 fee Jifofefee^ 337733 Fit i feFr e 7 
7T73T 430 Ffe y. 3 773T33T UfeM 1- ! feFT 3 ferret 3 
333t fe375t 3fer feT3^ FT33 T fed'feQe 3 3337 3 

Fife efae 7 fee 'ey eereee efae yiefenr i fee 3 
7733 et ferr 3 fee yfe g?77it ferret e 53333 3 orae 
fee Tee e eefew 1 ee yet ferr 3 fceeet 3 

fertdcfl 3377331" cfeyfe e r 377 WTTff HfsWdl 'd 3 

333 363 referxFicfet wyfeeefeeievi'TjlHldiFTe 
't; (eTTTTeer) 3 1 " eyfere fefyw 3 U3 fen 
refer fedyfe3 r -33y3 fee" e e?777fer fee fee re 
ddH77-ftP4'd' e 1 " 32 " fee 7 1 

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3 33 3 xFefexr >H3 409 et. u. fee ferret fey 
eete feetr eet eer fee fee re mfet yfeer feyfet 
yf3 feFT ft'd'yT 3337 0e T 33 see 3337 hot ws e 
fee 405 Ht. 3.3377 33 etd'tve'e HJWWW 
FFTT ttdl'd'd gefevit 377 feFT3 3333" yfOT §" FTFTH3 

offe 7 " >H3 efe ufe yfofe 1 " fee 7 e>r feyri ferr e 
fHd'feQe 5Tfe3 3 yre-eyre fee efee sefet 3 
yoftynt et feretet gfiet i.gefet Trerfeet e seFrer, 
eew 3 foQcSdlcst efee" fee ee fee 7 " 3 gee 
FFfeyr e hwtt ee 1 " e 3y feyri f^ 7 " 3 ui3 feewt 
eefey 7 " §" 7f3 fecfet 3 7777 f FTyre erfex 7 " § H377 
fee eel 

fen ftfe ferr e yfent 3 ^yet ferret fer eee T 
6T377 7731" "63333 3 fe33 >>FlJ3t fee 7773 fe^-Fet 
efet I 397 3 396 3t. U. 3377 feFT 3t 63333 7777 



ufeet fuQfeci eer get fern" fee y* 7 csl frr e itfeyf 7 " 
xT3 ccdyel fFTd'fe^e §" ufe irfenr M3 effexrot- 
FfexFT e H'cse'd fee eere" ueti ee crefer free 

felFTet 3 ^33-US>(t fe33 ^U3 3t 6333 Fft I ^ttt eet 

392 st. y. fee fe3 fefe feee r d eefet uet 73 fee 
ee et eefet M fee gef7 3fet 3 erfewTfefexFT 
ferr ?er 33 yrfee fee ut fee 7 " 1 390 et. y. fefe fen 
e feefexH >H3 eyet feeet 3 eet yefe Frfee 7 " 3 

UF77 7 " Bfte 7 " 3 §3t, §377 xfee fe33 3377 6(3 fefe 1 33 

fee fife y*‘6l fedrtl fee e r fe>x r <5liHl wr ftw 3 4et 
3 7 e3 ge le 7 " 1 feefefer >>f3 fee-yeet feerfe ee 
Tferereee fee efe i 

e T fe>x 7 77l5feyFT 77 oreeet yewe 7777 383- 
378 et. u. eeTT" 3feft eer i ferr fee ferr w H33 

edHT^ efe»r 1 §77t>xH fey ferr §■ §et e^ 7 " efe feet 

3 feFT 3 1000 3 ofefe >X3F(3 >33 313 3 feFT §" 3feXT 
ewtoTH 3 1 " yg>ft yee gee 7 " fuw i ffer ee ee 3 et 
feFT 3 3FT77 7 " 33t Sfexf 7 "! 367 et. U. 3377 

efefefTfesfeHFT oreertt ife 7777 sefexr efeM 7 " 
yfye ut? feyfer ferxe 1 

3 . y.->>(7r. fe. 4 : 110 

^ : fee fFTFTfTt 3 

feefefe eer 3 1 " ewer Fft ftree 1 " fee 3 33533 
3 7 fe>X7 l 7tFft>X5T 3 1 " W533 3 1 " VFTTFffe »(3 U33 5ft I 
fee 367 et. y. 3377 ?53133T 30 FT77 3t §FT3 fee 
eiet Q e gfexf" 1 fee xeue fed 1 efeT Frye- few 3 
eFfte 7 " efce 373773 77et rft 1 fee e eeeeefet erft 
feeefl" fepire 7 " une rft 1 fee eee efet fe tefefe" et 
feFT e Fie 3 ufee 7 eefer 3 eerre 7777 feft etet 1 
mfe 33-6777 3377 fee e 3yet feeet fee 3 
Sweefer Trfee oftefer >X3 eenfee 7 " 3 t Fyjeeet 
cfteti xtot ofet 6?fed T ^' feyfee M3 eet eddfcbd 
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erfexffe" e §• fHd'foiQiri eenex 7 " fee e 

fee S" 03'dd r dl feet et set ftttt feet 

ye ewee 3 efexr xfe erfexiTfeitwr 3 eTfexffe 
feye'dw eet 33 - 33 ^" e fefe" y w fee 3533 
ee 1 " fefe" »f3 eienife" e ertWr^ffee $ 33 fee 
eefee 7 ! 

357 et. e. 3373 e 7 fexf77 e onefeft eded et 
wee ?773 fed^fefe efee fe erra 7 " ee ffeie 1 fee 

FTFf 33533 »fU"2t te FTH3 fedet feeet e?7 f3P>3 

efe»r rft 1 351 et. y. fee 33533 3 Kee e 
fed'fef e 5rfee 3 xeefeefee 33 ?w ferr 

erfexffe 3 ee3 5re fern ee yfe eeee 
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w 7 6nfee sffe 7 " 3 347 et. u. fee §e e fferiefe 
w yfexe efexr fee 7 ye 3ye S' fes^r ye eeet 




FftfenFUFF 



42 



HfFF FE TFE 1 " f^Rjr I 345 Et. y. fEE W-EHt EE" 

frrd' fe’Q-d #uf fn^EFtEt e heft foHfen e efe 1 " 
eIe 1 " e d'ditfl fe Ft htee ee - ErfeMfetHtMH §■ 
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fEE T ME m^t otfFH tT 1 " ft feoT f3TM T ME fen e mfe 
meh for eft fet Ft fEEFft fhf cftEt i 

F. y— ft[. HF : 4 :110 ;4t?T. >HVr. 9 : 33 

^HMUT^E : feF fHEEt Et feor feFffet ft" 1 TTJT 
tft ^dd MEjfeoOT f<Std fSTH HEtT tT*" ttcSt) fHHFH Et 
HHdt)' fH<£ rt ft 81 cftEt H'tll F I HEtT Et fo(H WUSt 
feTFE-tirr t m^ttIfe w wfe ftfe Et hhfef 

fen t*t .6 o(H t)dl E QHd MEU'eI dtH F ME tTE ,<So(H 
EFt KteF f%E FEt F E*" HEFT HHFFF EftEMnW 
f%E EHt rTfet tt I for Ecfeit feTF HEtT Et IfeTH EFt 1 
Ht. F% E*" 8 f Et HEtT HHFEJ 1 " 1 ErfeMEfFF tt%FTt ME 
50 ft 1 . >#. 

ME 2 Fit. tFTH EFt ^ Et jr EftfeMEIFF FtFlt I 

* 2 

F. fir. 7 : 469 

E si 1 [8 hUF feu 1 " tFE 1 " ft" I fecY*" HFt dl fe§ sTFF E 7 " HFE 
FifF (H<WH) ^FfEM 1 " few F I fetf HFT fetlFfetH 8t 
W PETS’ MEJE 1 " f^HFT HHU HHFE FE I E T HE 586 
8t. y. f%E H'Hftl EFT fEFTH EET FE 1 " F I ‘yE 7 "'’ FET E 
^ HFlft 1 TTjet ^ E r §F FW 3WH 
HE 1 " feE 1 " feW I E 1 #" HfefenT HFE" E 538 8t, U. f%E 
fe7 §" MniE EF EFfFT TFE Et WlEw E fEEt Fft UF 
foj*" fW FFE FFF CTyEt" EFJFT ?F W I 

HEE CjyEt fyfdd'H H^UfFEfFIEtEf. y.EFET 
feF HF E 1 EF FFTTE^ EFT ?FE FlEEFfrF f%E fEEfFE 
FFlEFTcT ft# ET ^H'y'El E r HFTFFT 40% FET fEc^*" E 1 " 
Fit I IfftrEt FfEt E HFTFFT 50,00,000 E EFtF E^Et 
FHFTEtE S 1 F T FF FfFE FTcT I ^j+ E 1 " 4/5 FETT FFT f%E 
FfFE 7 Fft FF ^c^ 1 " E CFEfHcT E FllFWEW EF E WJE 
mr §■ FHFrst7> ?fh Ft ee Ffw Fit i fErr E<p 70 Et. 
f%E EFFHK Et EFFft E 1 ufFH t ?t fEEhUF EJEtM*" 
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Fft I fEFT E 1 HF1F >FFEt F^, UFFft»F, FRTF, FFFT, 
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fef E Ff»F E EF EF s/'FTE*', FFIH-lFEFT FfE 
FTfFFFEHE*" U'd<i oIF ffEtW I 

fEcy EH" fdsCfc; FIE FH, fEc^ ^ Hrf FfE fE^ 1 
E^ Fddd'd FFt F’HEdt HFW Et HFEE 7 " F^ 
CTFEtFF E EF EF f^F'd 0771 ^EE EFEt ftdO* 
WH77 (CiyEfFF Et fetid 1 El H fEE Enjrft) E Ffet FT?T 
EF 5TFE CIFEt fedF'dlH fEE HFffF 1 " FfFE >FF FFH- 



fedUF FFT 9E" °< 'd* FfyfeE FFTFF Et Et fedUd 1 
EFE FF fo(QTo( fen <F feft FFF^ 1 " HFftF r FES" FE 
HtFEF Et fee' W fEFF odd 1 F I ^FTF HHd-EF f%E 
Fidtd'Jf*’ E 1 " EE FFF E c(d« feE'dE HEEtFTWE 
fecy*" HEt EFF FTTFF E T UE 1 " HTTHt FE" fFTFF F I FFTF 
fEE Hdlddl 14,000,000 dFEt FfFE F77 ftlcY*" fEE" 
HFIFFT 30,00,000 fEEd'ylrt fEE; 57,00,000 HEoTF 
FHiT Ff# 27,00,000 |E fEE FfFE F77 1 

F. U— fF. W. 3 : 524 

sTbcrf : feF FHlSdlG^'ylHl HEtEHFHEFFt 
fedfed HTF tT*" STHHfef" E*^ - TTEH F?TI feF FFlfet 
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43 



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44 



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45 



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M'S <6tJd’ Ufas O’ I 

fen - e 7 stress rto s 7 §s ys ss yfes 7 st 
fatf sfetM 7 gss 7 us 7 osfM 7 os ms msp? fsfaMs 
wsorfirKstrr st Sf 7 fes s st fer fsss ^few fer 
sstM 7 ^ss 7 s 7 fes fesr hs ss os 7 si MofetM 7 
fes 7 fer SSS bt feT S' UfejS 7 MSSSSfet fero 7 feS 7 
si 

O. y.-’fo’. fe.H 7 . 3 : 558 ; >>l?r. Wt. 9 : 133 ; >for. 
4 : 403 ; ^S. fe. 7 : 462 

^fetwfe ^THTT 3 y? 5 y : feTUSS^fefe 
% nfe sfe fe»rs erss I'srfe nfe 

gswe 7 rTSK 1771 Zt. S fSdlA'd feS ofelSI fel 
stfe 3H^tS 7 wfefe 7 HSfe feHH 3S S S0HS ifets 
PI^HH 7 fes 1 fsfetfe tfefef 7 SS I 

fe 1790 e sorasr pfe fer fer e^fenr e 
fpffwogt ^ Pi ustfes 3 + §H TO tet 

Oh 7 ?rst FjT i fer fer offers fes few s fer fnt 
sftr ^ fer fcs #s fs isfen sro ^ 7 fe 7 rft' ms SfS 
H>r isfer y<i'fer w srss 7 rfti ? T Etw s 

1807 z\. feS et S 5 PS MS MK. St. 

eras ^uss sst bt fer ufd'S'doi s^feM 7 ye'Ge §■ 
UVTS Gfe fSMM crss ?WSff S 7 4 s 7 wsl" 
felM 7 I fer StM 7 fSM 7 ? 7 fferer ^feiM 7 S^feM 7 fes 
yss SS S sffe HTOS ^feM 7 S^feM 7 MS fes S OOF 
rfeit tss ^fefe 7 d^'ylM 7 hsi e^feM 7 ?fe 



fes ffe HSfe st SS §■ HfSBS SSF SS fer S 1 83 3 
Ht". 1 %S sfSOlHSS dlM'H ^do(H lofet USfe ffeftTS 
fer s 400 ocdldid bs i fes st fes §■ Mnfe Mwbt 

HVS US OS' si" MOT SSS M 7 ^ ffet I SfeMfefWtt W 
Syd'Hl few Tfet toTddl fes HSS life fe MrfSFM 7 ?fet 
Ht tlHS d T o(dd SM'd 1 HSfetM 7 MHJSfef 7 SSfeM 7 

rfe Mfeios cr 7 ¥t h^ss 7 1 %s feHSTSs - ofe rfti 
tddbt s srsfes Hts ufe s fss ; fs 7 s 
cSd'Od-fe rfe fefer hh 7 fsnfss rft i §17 s ^-r 
ssfeM 7 trs sfe ssof 7 ssrs 7 fes 7 tfe 7 nt 1 srs s 
yfe s 1 SMS feor ufe- HTT-HHSt ofST §OSS §S SS 
s yg» ms ydy*' fes rsws os 1 shIms s fer hs 
effe fes fe mkoss 7 Gs UHssnj- srss ffe fes s 
ssnvrst'ss st oTdel usl" 1 ss sos §sbs ^ryrr m 7 

S si'dl MS S fes MSfet SSfetM 7 St doj '6 Gfe 

Hf erts 7 ms ms fer erss 7 fers 7 1 

SfetMfe sf rffe St .^otddl fes JUS'S S d^'dlM 7 
stM 7 rfbfef 7 , mss ir§s ffe tsw 7 s hssss, 

cSH^'d LF§S wet SS S 3 S 1 SS Hfe feM 7 HSStM 7 
HSfetM 7 fesfe 7 HS I fe 7 S 7 3 ST SSS SOST OST S' W 
S MSS WSST S 7 SS^Jf-US 7 OS 7 Ht I sfe 3 ST ^SfeM 7 
SSS 7 fefe SS S SHHSS OStM 7 HS I fes Uffe SStT 
^rfesss, ssfe feF MS 5 Sfe oosfss MrfS SSfe 
st Acitt fsMS sst fes bt hs sst 1 sst sss 7 
§W fecr IPS fesst Mnfet sssts MS is IPS 
ferferS SSfefeS cV tt S 7 fo(H OS Gblit HllHtMS 6 ' 6 i 

^s st srfefe sst gfe nt 1 

S. y.-^ls. fe. K 7 . 4 : 310 

fes fessl- s fesbsfs ssr s 7 

fessrss MS SSTStSoT sfes Ht S 408 z\. U. SSS 7 
fes S feor sfe usfe fes US 7 OfeM 7 1 387 St. U. 
SSTSMSrt'^S fHS'felJd M 7 feM 7 MS 3 PStM 7 S^SS 

ferss hos usbfes ofeM 7 , fes s ?rsts fes fes s 
SS5K OSTH S ssfess M^sr HSS ortst I 366 st. u. 
SS"S fed'feQd OST S SHHS- cTSStT SS^ SHSS 7 
dd^'Q'S feiss fes S MSTSfS s fes Hfe-OSS SSS" 
ffet ?T r S 7 HSPS SfSH Stst S MS §” M’S bt MSS S 7 s 
MSFSSS St MoPSVft fes SSS O fePH 7 I 

357 st. y. fes fes S H^t fast oTSfert STT S S 
fssbbrfssowcrts 7 ! 355 st. y. ss^ erfet ss- 
sfbs fag" fes MSSfatM 7 S SSS S SSS 7 5 SS fes 
sspss bfeM 7 ! fnsbsfs s 7 fafesvr Messrs st 
fesws 7 MSSS sosts efts 7 US MSSt SO fes feo 
ufbs S 7 ^ 7^W ¥S rsss fefa SfeM 7 ! 

354 st. y. SS^S fes t fabfas S OSS ?TR 
sfsfe s HS s ups^ss fss 7 1 

S. y.->?r?r. Wl. 9 : 134 ; fe. K 7 . 3 : 559 . 




47 



sf'«lHA, H3 atcT (^'dflcS) 



oS i yl / >T r >fte' : fHJ tfegi nW-sTHa fen 
afe" n afe nn few? ^whct a au fun >hw #wn 
a ush few 40 fer. vfl-. a wnw 3 nfen utt i 
nfefeatw ny-fut 3" at fen ate fetef nt nat 3 ara i 
fecy fen <^ss 1 nfefen-ffe §n fen m-w n i fen <a 
anvrfefe few ww 7 >e sn waferfetn ffeat 
»fHntcr raw Hto3 n i fen nt 1 aw wjh fen 3 fe. 
nt. n wrw 3 nfe3 ro>nt5net want ana 
ferot n i fey nry^f w w wafaFHte a w 3 few 
feffn ferfe ww £ titan fru 1 nrd r *" '^aten h*h?> 
attar £ h fe sfetwnfe n fnra 16 nrama, 1718 n 
J^fiWHtl 

U. y - JJte-.wr. 9 : 134 

Ffet’tfti RfdlcT : wawat unwet nntfen 
fen na fen unwr fen nt »mnt anna fenn 
uanwnt nnaa w fen few r 2 c=n + =n-, an, §• 
watyfef ctfem fofo 1 ww n fen fen r nfetffera w 
fey yane w ^<So(i naHcat maw fen nst fen £ 
nawfewni 

oS'^l^ranfen (diazomethane) H3 W WT Hf3 Wf 

fvwa ^'rt 1 nfefem nfara n fewn fe fen afefewt, 
fenfaa lits aar nt tin n fen £ yfn nan atna n 
fe?fe7f^^ifetifennt™w 
33 n unarnwfe' fen wanfenfoa feww £ nfen 

yfH3W (methyl esters) W Q<V 3 HHH'3 1 (Homo- 
logues) fen nan sfet atw ww n i 

n. y. — ’Jtn.fe. vr. 4 : 7 i 

: fen pt-raw ufn>>r nt uwfet n 
fen fen nfet nHalw an na n?> i fecy £ > h t h 33 3 
aw y.dflfaw fen fearfew ww n i fen nfen ante 
300 watw fen ana wafer ganfer nfer fewm 
an i nfethtan w print ir r n T 3 fern few n fen 
fen fen n ’■nan ana w an (Flower of God) n, (#y 
nanan) i 

n. fe. 7 : 365 

sFylJT, •. Hantaan fen feawia 

yra awa w nnn 30 gn, 1798 at. £ nnann 
fen ’tffenan fea afenn fen fen n nnnt fefnm 
tfirn sffet n life 1 mfentan fen HaT Iw 1 

fea 1822 n 1825 3n fen nanan nfe nan 
fey - sfe innat e > ann n fan 1 Han fen n fen ytan’ 
gfe fen 7 1 fea 1825 fen fen nan fen afen »aT 
ftwnfenn nfem fen fennnut nnt na na fnnt 1 

fen nt ufant unan Tnrtfea ^dfettHnn nan 
srfean nferaTfeHn’ 1821 at. fan on fen ant nt i fea 
1825 fen fen £ fetfetHnn ^naa - fefen Ufefefen’ 
uanfen ntnt 1 



fea 1827 fen fen n 'fenfetn c^ 1 n 7 n^ , (1828 
fen) ‘narr utn' (I830 fen), ‘an tanaa’ (1831 
fen), ‘aw ante’ (1833 fen), nvm nawt nyfe 
yn 3 on nt few aran win >>ru £ fen nar few 
nw na few 1 nnnytw nt>fe f^rn fe n fenn fen 
ntafen nan fen fe ana fe afWi fen £ net na 
^114 antw nfer nfenfe" £ Snfefer feusfer nfan 
uwlnncftw! 

afetn fe Hfun nvmnt Byar - nfer anafe - nt 
^rnaw aran afetHn caw fenaw ?t arw nati 
ytaiant fen' ynwa arfew £ yatfewB aran n fnn 
lawfenfe HH'feal nt nanna affeft 1 

15 nat, 1869 at. £ sran fen fen nt ife a 
aiat 1 

tr. y.-nt?r. fe. rr. 3 r 735 ; ^fe. 4:555 ; nla. >h> 1 . 

9 : 448 

sifeln*, Ffe 5 F 5 T (<^feHrt) : fen Wlfej 
y^-fefawfet w wan 8 nnnat, 1868 §■ 
Hfenafea fen wfet-n-w-nn n ££ nten fe& 
nfeynfenn 1919 at. fen gan n £w£ wlaw w 
WtPHia aftw fen n >nfen ann f>w an fefe - law 
wtenafefe nt afewfet far yarn m £ aifwat 

yna fen nw nfe 1 " a, nt unat ant n 1 

fea 1894 fen srfetfea afefa afhafen Cfynnw 
fey ny naafear eiat ffegam nfeyn fenfyan 
§n uanaiw (1900), m T aa T ' (1901) nfe feQcafelin 
(1905) fen aifee ntart affeWn afefen ye-aran^r 
w Ptaa few 1 fn n narr n araw yfe ^an-Haw 
naaft afta afe yyn fenanfenia ntfe tn-ean aaw 
nufedd 1 (fedcSs* mz w aaw nsa niarfeynn yffe 

1900 , 1901 yfe 1905 (1906) (“Determination of 
wave lengths from spectra obtained at the total solar 
eclipses of 1900, 1901 and 1905 (1906)”) PTD-ft 

feafef >>nfea su na ana 1 afetma 1901 at. fennaia 
nt dTaw HH'fedl w aw nfwx 1- fePH 1- 1905 at. 
fen Hwawfe w d 1 fe« yfew-fefepnaat wftw 
few 1 fen 1901 at. fen arte fen fey wun w few 
fen fen feawsr w ae arfew yaw-fefeptrtet 
nfeyn > nn un nw fen £ rafeta w fywn few 

fep>ri fen n 1921 at. fen wfeyr n safe, Q ^ 1 
nfer arfelw wf ynarw-aian nt nena fen fec^ n 
wfrww cfta yyw nan njrHitaynfepH 1 " 1 fen 
n fenan %?r 3a ata iwt raw fewn, ‘yinfwyfnn 
npy w rna yfe Hra’ Tmft anw nfe 33 3 Iwyt rft 1 

25 nat, 1939 £ nnna fen nt nn fen 
yrnfewfw n feawn w few rft fen nt £3 n afeti 

a. y.-^tn. fe. w. 4 .■ 310 




48 



sP^tH', : HcTUSn n fen ferdUoFU 

W HSH 19 S#Hd, 1806 dt. S FfHdnts felt ufelfl 

16 ins nt §nd fen fen s muusts ysfedfaul 3 
dlddHcS effort M3 WM3 fen ^sTStfddr nt d^fes 
Her fan wnnt M3 333 nt u^fes bfsmnt 3 
furddsput feint i fen gj nt fed-pfet fur-duns 1 ' srs 
nferd Hdn 1 ?^ fetfendHtfe f %n fesr nt i ns 1825 
»fd 33 1827-1828 fen fen fedSt fdW »fe un 
fen HdHS feVdcTd r $ fkfewi ns 1830 3 1837 

nor fen ntd s y dd r n nurs »m fenfets nr n^dd- w 
grfelordd fogdm dffe 1- few 1- ! ns 1844 fen fen §■ 
w^s n foiditH oPSri fen ofifd 1 n udHd ntr Isyctd 
ofte 1- femr i fen ins fen dfeus wnvfe w HfufeidTt 

»fdHS 1848 fedunfro nfeni 

ns 1846 fen fen s nfn npn snsn snt 
'nufenn w HUdrunfe’ m 3 ufet n emu 

fen ‘fojnr MTdnd'' nt nnfed (1848) Hdb'dHT ntdt S 
fe sufens ni festfenfe (1832), ‘Outs 3 ’ (i 860 ) 
fed ‘franr ddndn’ (i86i) fen n nn untr fend- 33 ! 

14 sd^dT, 1864 nt. §■ nu fen Hnten fen fen 
nt Hd n did! 1 

U.U->?IS.Wl'.9 :448 i^tn.'fn.H 1 ". 3 :735 j’Jte'.fe. 7: 

813 

oPfclHWcWH : fen fen ysfet fesnud nt 
fens 1 - fenst n nn fenst fen M?n fen 320 nt. y. 
n sfet nnr nfenr 1 fen feanf. n - Hnferan nt fed und 
dsi 1 fetid's nt i.fend fed usunn mar fefendtfer 3 
fen n" udnr drnfsfe r 1 fenis nfes n 7 " noa 1 " dm fen 

»V ~ 

s nn r dn r fen anrfenr 1 fersfns?ru asnu nt urnfe 
fen s femns nlw ^ ^ nnr^ naftd, 

wfesT, d’ldslnl M 3 pis n - wu ntdr 1 mint 'Bios 
Heiiados' (cpns nr nfes) sfet yndn fen fen 3 
wust nfeife- n fnfdufe nr yn d s' n hums nuns 
5 tdn 

U. U -nfe. fe. m. 3 : 529 

sffeM, W 5 W? # 7 T : feditn n fen 
dryonsr n - n?nr 4 .dd'^dT, 1835 zt. t Snddfed 
fen wndndn fen Bfewi fen 3 3 'nfdn fen fefenr 
unn sTfe! - M3 33 1863 fen 333 fen ?cran gn 
nfet n fen 3 snenr 19 n^ effnTi 

33 1882 3 1909 3 oi fens nffentdn fen 
5 333 nt fnfenn fent 1 ns - 1899 3 1912 ^sr fen 
333 fen ^dfoidl HSn cTOF (Working Men’s Col- 
lege) fen fenhw .{ifdtnfr fed 1 1 

sfeWsoi^^nd'nsl'doinHfentifennngy 
fefnnn Td^ddsood* z nt nBnt nife nt - npn nt 
cT 7 nfetfnfn 77 , ) ( 1885 ) 'nnltfefe Wsz nt ?nnf »ffe 



fenfes’ >>fn ‘nnnnn nfe 3\ dlans fafete ?n»f 
nfe nnfeor §nt7fen?7 fe?r feniA's? feffedr nf 
s^nlsnlsn Hfenf’ ( 1905 ) fen n^nr nnn?yd7r 
nnnfensi 

fennt %n 'fesddsJoms z nt ndsft nrfe nt 
zpm nrn nt srsrfetfnfns’ 3 ndd 1 *^! nferrs- w 
fern ut nfenn fen r ni fen nt fen ynnor ^nndtoit 
nnd'S^t fe'M-w§d nm'fennl'ifer 1886W 

•v — 

1913 ndnr fonfor nn yndon fen fenn npfenfe 
n un gw nt fenun 7 effet 1 

7 nofe, 1922 nt. 3 wntnn fen fen nt 33 
ndfeti 

n. u.— ^n. ftr. n. 3 :53o ; >h>4. 9 : 78 

sC^T^K^ : fen Cr 2 0 7 2 - nrfen n feuTT fe 
nfefeffer nrfen H 2 Cr 2 0 7 n nn^fenr ww ni fen 
fenn w fnn nfeTt^rfW y>it>HK nnfefenfefe 
Cr 2 o 3 s' nnt fen ufe $ fenm srln nfe nsi 
nfetfnfe 3 un fefet nnfeds wnm fHn - fen 
nnfenr iTfe 1- n :— 

Cr 2 0 7 2 - + 2 OH- ^ 2Cr O/' + HL,0 

(ndindt) . (ifen) ‘ 

fepnn'nd ^0nuntfenik75nifeB’ns'nf3' 
wr n Hdi3d! dnr n 1- ufe nn'Qn us 1 sfet^wn nut 
nfenfew nn us w fen din srun fe^ nt wz3 
dH r fefeof fentnf, fenwfe dK'fen-fefepirs, 
feHtdor m3 inferfe fen sffet fent n 1 sfetfife- nt 

^33 fensst-feis, nHdn-ddTfet, tudlfet M3 

feidiKdi- fen nt nfet fent u 1 

U. U.-ftn. »?ls. JT. ?. 4 : 1008 

sHHlof’few : fen snt nnt fen »nfensn w 
fesr ulncr nn, urawnn 1 ' 3 pnfenrnt n 825 nt. n 
«nr nnr ufnu ufenp" 1 fefdPrFS n fefnunr n nnfen 
ntns'HU T sn>Hnfenn9 nt nnt fen nrferon n 
fdRirs 3 * wn Hum ni unfeur ^nnfe ntnr 
fnntw nr fenn Mdi'Oi nun fen s nnT-fefdPHTS 
n femrs fen nun §ns3 T inim oftnt 1 825 ut. fen 

fen S Pfi-fet ynsm ‘De mensura orbis terrae’ (nTtfer 

nt Onfen nfe) h^ks nfet 1 fen ynner fen 795 nt. 
fen^'fedrts^ nnfyfe nR'bi'dlHrtoJ ntid'dd 1 sras 
n - fenu u 33 fe tn mu\ 33 1 > buh nn fe dens' dfe 
ufe ns 1 fen ynnoT fen ?tts nfe^ nfe sts hw n 
ndd n 1 " nt nd 1 nun nuns ntnr few ni wifet 
ynsur fen f nn 3 W nnt nfetfes s 30 yrssl mb 
sfet?fe snfe n u^s fnn us 1 



U. U.-nl?r. fe. HS 3 : 533 




sFEtsfa : fed ir r u T ?fl' fefeddT fed feddd d 
dfe fed fed d fedd 7 u?? wfe few dt 

HdfdW d 7 dd3 7 fed 7 dfe 7 S' I fdfeddT W3 df? 7 fed 

fed S’ WW fe d^dddd fdWfeW TT f F T fj fqpr d dfe 
dd fear fe^ 7 uut dd?? dfet fed yarwt, fufe ffe 
dlddt dtd 7 ?df? dfcW fed If wfe d'^f? ?t¥H 
y<jlw Qd fen S’ yco fei3 1 ft! of tJtd d I <cyd c(do( ■yo 
d 7 ^ 7 S’ dddd few dfe 077 ; fed dt ddfld 7 wfe 
dddfet d 7 ufetd j 1 w fed fe dfetdd S’ fedfet d?t 
dd'cCfil ?df? fefew dfe 7 d faddl fe §fe H3 - d fed 

fefeudruddti fedud 7 feu 1 * fee feyfe^ S-fefefe 
fe tdfyd'dU fefed fefSfefeft fef? dfew 7 dfe 7 d 
fen d 7 §d r dd’ dtST fed-fefed fee - fedldd ddd 
dtd 7 dfefel 

d. y.-M?T. fe. VT. 3 : 348 

sf'feldl'o* HJoTH : fed dfew d 7 ddt yfedt dt 
fadfe dU dfe d ddt (Chont'ae) fedd (dfe fed fed S’ 
‘dfe wfe du 7 ?? fear ‘ife fed 7 dfe 7 d I) dt Std Ml 

fed d 7 dfewfet fe fedlfe (Uich'on) SlfefTd ddd 
1055 dt. fed 3fewi SlW H'fi dt fdd fed yul 
dddfedSwi'dAfe 3WWfe3dUdd3fed 7 WfUW77 
Hd STS’ fed 7 1 1084 fed fed fed d ddl dd8Pd fed 

few, fefeHdfe^feHSM Hfeld d 7 
Wfadfe fed 7 Wfe fefe tutw 7 S’ fdfowi 

ddtw fed ^dJd Ud3 d fed S’ f?fetwfe Wfe fed 7 
irddtw fefe fedd 7 fedfed fetdferi ddfedid 7 fe 
ddd d 7 ddt ydfe dfed dd fed S’ HU dfe dddt 

fefedd dtfetw 4750 Uddfe Uofedd dtfetw I dd 
1097 fed dfetdFd S’ dfe dfe ‘fefe cdfed fed 7 1 fed 
fefe ddt dfe-ddl (Kuei-feng) fe dfe dd (Son or 
Ch'an) W3 dTWd 5dd fe dd few d 7 Hdf? ddfe 
di'few few dt I dd 1097 fed fed fe fedWd dd? 
fed Wife did dd ; fed cFTf? d i fed fed dd 7 d ffe fed S’ 
dd fe dddfet d 7 ffe?d f¥TO fe I 

er. y.-fed. fe. h 7 . 3 : 347 

fe'yld Wf'fedl : fed fed fdfefe ddd d fed 
d 7 »rad d dd d 7 fed I fed fefd ddfed ddd fed 
wm ddHfe ddfe fed fed fefe d Hdd Hdd Ud I 
fed Hdd fedfet dfe HW fed dt HdffedFfew 
fed 7 d I fed fefe dd dfefed d fedd dd? Hddd fed 
H'y d feftfHf 7 dt I 

dd 7 ? dt Uddd fe >8?? dt WHZ fH*H<8 , fed 
fed d 7 Qa'd'd nrad fefew fefen 7 di ifedd yfe 
?dfet ddfe §sit dfefedTd 7 S' fed f5dt dfefe dt ddd 7 
offet I feH’idc^'dt gdT fed H?? Hdlrt fefe S' ddd dd 7 ^ 
irfew I fed d ddTddT 200 HddH Hd l '^fet Hdt d W 
dfe cffe d 7 dd dd I 

T. y. ->fo. fe. 7 :402 ; Md. »fe. 9 : 99 ; W. WT. 5 : 

392 



^fetdd, fedfed fefet 

oJ'SliHlfcSH M'olTdd'H, gfetW : fed 

ddfet Hdt fed ftw fed dTdddtdt HdfeSfe d 7 7dfeoT 
dl fed d 7 fed 7 >HHd dd d 7 Wfe jft d fedfet dd 
few dt fed fed dt H 7 feoT dd 7 dd ddfet ddd?? dt 

dt dt I fed oldd fed d fe'feHlSf nWd ddfe ?7d7? 
d 7 fed 7 fed 7 d I fed fe ddTdfe fe ddd 7 fedd dddd 
fed fe Wdd 3" dlfe fe I 

fife fed S’ fed g?ddt ddSw fe fe d 7 ?? few 
o(d<^ 1 fe?W I Wdfet ddfe Hfd Wdfe d¥ ffelfeW 
dd? fed Hddd d dfe lydd 7 fedd 7 Wd dddd Ifd 
cfdd ?fe dFdfew 7 ??d? ddT cfdd 7 fedd 7 fel fedd - 
fefdtdd (Euphroles) d HdTd d fed fedd IdWd 
s^few d §d m fw fee 1 fed dt dd d dfe i 

Hfeorfe fed fedS - Wdd 7 feTBfd wife Hdd 7 

fed fed 7 d I fed Hfecpfe fe H7? onfet fed d dfe d 

dd fed few 7 fe 3d fedd 7 (f^ 7 fed feel fefed 7 ) 

IFdd SfetW 7 dcd ffey 7 fe fedd d 7 HH 7 WiffeT WHdT d 
Wd fefe d dlddd fet wSdl WF5dT dd I dd d dftfet 
fedd ddfet dfe fe dd fedd fed f?dt dfet tddfe d I 
fed HIFodfe dfe WddT W??dT dfedoPd 7 S’ fedd ?dd 
fedd ddTd fed dd I dd dfeldord fed S fed M rt'St 
Hd dffe dd? ddd U?? I HW ddfedfe d Sdd S' fed S’ 

ddfet dfe d Wdfe Hd 7 d 7 fe TTd? fedW 7 d I dd fet dfe 
fed Hd'd'fe gdfet dSdd fe fed €ddf?t ddd 7 
dfSW 7 d 7 ddd 7 d I 

d. y.-^d. fe. 7 : 428 

: fed fedfetW 7 d Hfedfed-HEd-dd^ 
feddd fed df? fe fed fedfet dl 3fefe Ud fedfet 
(3FH) fedfe fd 1/1000 fd. df 7 . Wd Sdfet fedfet 
(d. dt.), 1/100 dfed ; ffe fSddd dl fed ffe fed 
dfetd fed Hf? d Ifed fid? fed 3Fd Ud S’ 1 d, dt. / 
Hfe ifedT fedd 7 d I fed 3fetd 10 fSfdd d dddd 
ddfe I 

d. y.-fer. nte. n. ?. 4 : 353 

SffelcStH, ffefetWK UTfet : Hddfetw d fed 
fefe ddd feffewfet d 7 dt?d fed ddd ffeldWSt d 
Wd 5 WctTdd, 1855 S’ fedd Ifed 3fewi 

fed S’ dWUd %ddt 5Tf?d ; ddfet fe fe. d. UdT 
dtfet I fed Ud 7 dt Hlfet dtT ddd fed fedddut fed 
idHT flW I fed S’ d¥ fe dfed 7 ddrfe-fefed 
JdUddtEFdddtfddd 1 fd d? 7 d 7 #dl Wd dd dHld 

dW ufef? 7 fedd 5# I fed S’ feirafet Hd 7 S’ dnid ffdt 
UddF Wfe dJH'fdW 7 S’ dfefet d 7 ? ?dfe fed ffewfe 7 
dt I fed S’ WUfet dt fedd d 7 fed dldlddP.^ feWd 
ddd UfedT 7 Wfe dWfdW 7 fed fed dd fefe 7 Wfe ddt 
d'f? 3d fed Mdd dt fddf? dWlsfet llfcl'SddO 1 d 7 
U3 7 M/Od f?et fed fdwfet Hdddfet Mdd ^fe UUftd 



49 




50 



eS'yfdHUH 



PdU 1 I feHd HHd’U ^ '(HHdd fed t!H '6 , 3 T UH T d bid 

feur Hfe ife 7 Hddfw ofte r i Phho fec^ 7 §few d 

P%HttHS ?dd Ud 7 d 3J3 t WT Gofd^'d W? 

IjfddofcJ'S'd S’ d'dl fePdlOfTT fedocdrt bffdH nfd~ 

w dfe ri T <£<=( r dl fdGP i m 1901-02 surfed fefed 

HPdd1G^Hlc(d HH'feul d 7 Wd fed 7 # 1905 fed 
d^fert HH'fedl d 7 Id dfefW few 1 for d ifer usd 7 
ST HdTfe 1931 dP. fed d^fed HpddPG’-ttM’oftt 
WfedP dd yof'fHd offd 7 few 1 fed dP H3 24 dHHd, 
1927 §■ fydiA'd fed Ism feu 3dP i 

7J. U.-^ld. fcr. H 7 . 4 : 101 • 

3 t hTc5 t H<TH‘ *. feo Ufed bidldtHl ofet Hid 

cS'^rtd'd d^rHdrdGPdPu^ddsGifedHddUds 
fed ffeHHd orfe-sdcr d uu fed foyp dfep d fan 
bffefi’ ddB’ dKUtT 7 d UdIHd 3" dP tf HdS r d I dfe fell 
§■ fed (Vdo< S' dU Pdd 1 few d, fed dP fed fey 
Hd'oeP-S d dfe die Hflt! TJ?7 I feH oc-.fe fed d'dsO 
HcTUp fedHd dP U3 3 fefW PTdd HW d >W3 Gd 

§■ ffeddGP fenns sur sup ufeP G ju fed Gyd 7 d i 
fed d^-TUdd fefer fufew fed usrfed 3few, 

UfdS S dT 1904 fed, dd 7 1906 fed >H3 dfd 7 
1908 fed I fed UdPT 7 fed dWt dP feddW W 
ddPdifedfedwMwTdPddfeP, GddPGTTdPt 
Oh S’ 0dO fey 1 Pd / H T d I fen d^ 1 fed UdcT 7 H'rt 
d'ffTHd'd d HdHT 77^ ‘dd W Ufd’ dP W 3¥ 
dd'Qdl dl dWp 3UdPWT J dSp d ddHfldl U3W d 

§u fed sys d i tudfwr £ fefe GP w ynP d ud 
HdUdT fed GfeP H c( dl W Gd dP^H 7 ddofd' §“ few- 
feHdP drw syfepyr d?7 Pi-fe 0d o< fdGl'H 7 us fe vfey 

P<^rt' ddHMdl U'el dl 

fed ddtV 7 fed dd^t ^ iJ-FUdfP ‘felTOd fejd’ dP 

oTSW OdcfP^dlfedfeH^^yfe^fegT-HdTdP 

d S TTp^ d Hd fedd 1 " $ usfed oddp dl 

sjfelA'HdH Gd ufmr ddMd feddor mr*d r <?d s 
~ «\ 

TTUHdySddl 

•» 

d. y.-fe. fe. f . 5 : 213 

. o^ylcVdolH ; fed HdTvd S U5irw ¥dd 

feyfet' hPi few dpyr dddfe edTid-ddd-dH 7 dP 

Hdffp fdld'^d 77 Udd cfddpyf 7 ddl fed dP UfdCfP Gd 

—• S - •» »s — 

Ho( sJrt dd feyd fed ddP fed Pfed fdddd HO'O S 
-yddfep ddlTOd 324 dp. U. dd?7d ddd dW dddd 

m Gd ynid tts d fed 7 d fedd 7 ssfk dP. fed hk 

Sd ^ few 7 fdRH 7 dP dd fed S ddd dd 7 sfdl 
sOdddPdTfe dd UdGW d r feVpdoT d dfed 7 few dl” I 
dfeP?7dofd d fed fefe fed vfedd d feyfd d dofepd 7 
fdypd 7 I fefe Hofdfdd 7 dd fyd dPd 7 fed dddfe" 
‘>Hdlc5’Hd fyfeylcSlfe, ‘ddfddd yFferdfedd’ dd 
‘ddiddd P^rtfertTfe udi siGG?7fePdPdd d 



dfeldddd d 87 Sdd 7 dp gdP ydfeP d fefe fed 1 60 
d dddP dfew fed 7 dl adlOtSdlHldd dddd fed 
dt Sdd-ord 7 fed feysdddor HofdP dP W dP d 
fewyyor dfed dt d 7 mfep-yfed swt sd 7 wydP 
cffeP dP I Pdd d fedd dd ddd fdydPW’ fe dGP fed 

Ud dd I 

7i. y ->?d. fg;. h 7 . 3 : 551 

afel^drcsyl.^ddfer • fed d 7_ Qo5 dcTd 

Sd, UdcTd ifepyr S fecr ?UdT d fed d d ctw, 5 
UtTfePd 7 dd 23 SdPw- fed tfew dfdd 7 dl 
fdffePdd d fS7 ifepyr §■ dd 7 (Moas) fedd dd I 

fefe d uddd dud H'PyOylcS dd ddd usfeGrfPd 
fferfed 7 fed fed dd I 

fed UsfP dUfe-USp (Anomolopteryx owenii) d 
W? G 1 d G- dddPdd 3.60 dp. Gfe Gfe fHdd dd I 
fefe dPw - dd 7 Hdfd, Ctd dd-Q'dlft’ 1 UTddd 
feiP d fed ^d 7 Hp yfe Ud (wings) yffecffed d'rtd 

fed fe dd dP O J1 Hd I dd GPk USp WddT Hd I cfep 

USp dd UdT d (pHH S fed fdd 7 d fed d fug' fdoT 

OT td HP), dfefef 7 d fedodd Upd UdT dPyf 7 sfenf 7 
Hd yfd ydP fdd ddT d Ud Hd I 

fdGdfdd d fefe Ugpyf 7 §■ fefe d feGd 
dHOPfe HdcfP Hfew fed 7 d I 

g. y.-lld. ^Id. 77. Z. 4 : 198; tuddd feofHT^dP 2 : 

1449 

cJ'ylrtHd'C' : fed ddd d Gd, Gi'-Gd, 
HTdTUfe-WUFdP, HdTPdP U'cflW' S feoT dddT d I 

fefe UfefW S’ feddfetyid fedd dd I fed l{feP GddP 
yiHdloc yfe Gfed-yddP dfeyr d feddfeor hh 1 d Hd 
d feirfed 7 fed fed dd i fed GPGrfPd hvt fed dr# d 
WcTd d G dfe Hdl Hd dPGnPd m fed fed Hdd 
fedd Hd Ud WdtftHfd d Hd H 1 dfed 7 dP fed ddd G 
dlU Hd I 

fefe Ij^Spyr dPyf 7 55H 7 , dd dd, HdPd S Sd 
dors’ HdP yfdfedd (semigraviportal) Md Ud UTT- 
GdRd id, Ud 7 g 7 ?? Hd I dd H'dl'H 7 foTHH 7 fed UJdd 
did, fUSrtdl'H 7 feHH 7 fed d 7 Hd GUdd HUd dd 
(incisors) U3H d did, fed 3d fe fed feHH dtdPw- 
dPdPMH (Gobiatherium) fed d 7 Gudd gd dd dP U3H 
d did HPT 1 Gudd Hdd d UpiPdd dd V- Wdd d H7T 
W Udd ^fedfePdPWf S fedd ffe^ 7 dd 7 d V- 
Wcdd d fed (Crests) Hd I H'ul'H 7 feHH 7 fed 
UIHtWUPdP>HH (Gobiatherium) d fed STdd ?3dF 
HW dd 3" Udd H8'^ S fed gUW (flange) Ud 7 FTP 
fFfe' d fed HdfeW F5dP gd3d Hd I HUd" UUdtT feHH 7 
fed fedT PTdP Hd Ud dtGdPd d Hd fed GfedP WldfofP 
feHH 7 fed fedT fdddd ddT did Hd I 




51 



c^fcfl^Hd'd' A f#A o(»' fetl 4 fsi'W" fWRH 1, W - 

ttelSftwvwt, wfwwiiwfefet nfef arat^H'yd'ylsil i 

•v J S 

fuswt ww uwtha ywwwEtwt # fAW#t wwt few 
fyrtojrt wuw wS'd 1 <s '»! y fe w bf# fen a few wuwt 
ww Hfeyf rffe 1- w i 

sOWfAHdT^ WdfWH'feWATHs! ^IQoS'd c HW- 
AttW 1 " # few# WA UW fey £ bf# fH^ftloTOt Wi# 
AWf fHWWI 

W. y.-te. >for. H.Z. 4 : 196 

c# , «lftHdl'tf r : fed dl dld U'dlbF Wt feo< Go 

»\ — 

s#t w few# nfewfew w mf #j §# w §h hh 

Uddl Gw fey UyftbF W 1 " Wt d'H Ht UW feH b^W W 

S3H ww w aww wt few uyt auw w wifi few ufet 
few wh fw# 1 »uw 3- wfe, fen w wwy w u^r uy 

6 dl rtdl HTotOf, bfy-FA Wt rtdlfe did dcS I fey 
W 7 A 7 yrt'c^l sf'H # f« f H T few W ftHH W bidU WA 

few'QiTbr feuwwtby i few y fey w fwfbr wwwt 

WW-oi'6' o(d5 fUbF W I 

sJ'WlcSHd Uytw#T#r UWHWUWWIWlFfewWW 
feW WAI few WWWT HfdH°(lbF y few few wtwf# 
U 1 dl >W <Sddl id'c^^d bl'Q d 06 bf# FTP" <^ddl 
W, few W H fed Usftbfr <^ddl WW HA I 

fe^OTweu^f^si^^^ifeiOT 
WHc r fey- W UAfew dldsitf. wt H WWW few Ht I wy 
dldlF few dld^W wtbP" tWA 1 " WstbF few GUdrtl , 

fefeyw w#t www hwww nt brw few wty wt w#t atw 

UWt H#t ddl Ht i dirt]'# W doilof, fuQfeH WW 
feHoffelH few f^y - Wt HWWW >HW UHtife W WWW few 
wwwtet srufe fey few orfet dyGlrtl »ret uwt nt ww 
few KBty ww mi 

HfeHWfer few faffeH, few Hrfew (limb 
Socket) W d6' W bfdt Ht bfe fdHofl'HH d6' 

w fife nt i fen wy fe«1w 6*6 frr&w few- 
Wdt dlds5rt HWW 1 " Fft I ^'d p6 Pm H oft W few fed WW~ 
wt hwww wwy nt i fey y ftiffen tfefer y wy 

fife ^ §• ?5WcT W feHWtHH W HHfeW bffet UHt fe 

nfe fenw brat few uww ?dwr ?w feorfew 3few 
Ht I feH W feTW^ 1- W7W 3iyF few cfet UW fe S3W H7T, 
ftfe HfeHWtWW few WW ?feffe W HWPWS - HWWW Wfe 
H6 ww few yw rwfyfe Gfe Hfww hwi 
A foratw few wwfe wy y y ww fe >>fe 
irffey wfe ww w-nfTww w h?t i fen wuw fey w 
bfWWfeWBWHtl 

offet 5ffet6HW IFWt HWWWt m UW HHW 
H'oCO'dl HW'WfeHWIUW r Wc5'5! l yl6Hd W-UWUfetHW 

bfe hww wiyr fewfewt wwr www T fww r i mr 



wfefefefen, nwfew 
aiyF few sfet H'd'O'dl feny w-ufet»F ww wfety 

H77I 

W. U.-^W. fe. tr. 3 : 555; >>)W. fe. 7 : 454 

d , elA.6<»'H«6 : few W (#f Wy W) 
wMfw wy , few-Hw, fy rTwt-wty' few w 

?r t fey few uwty >>fe ufebt wy w ?few ftraw 
m I .fey few WWW HWHWWHf »HW HHW3t tffe W77 
few# 5W HHWW §■ gWW WW HW HHWy few few few 

wwi wTTHuwt fefepww few fey $ btewff w 7m 
wwlwwfetnt ww few >hw uyt fefwi»rw few uwfe# 
w wwwt wfetSwwwfe^ few wftw W t W T W I fey few 
uhw ufebt wt wy, uyfey wt 3y fe wy w ww# 

3WtW WWWF fHWW 1 " W1 

few Wfe WWWtW77 5 # 2,000 HfetyW WW W 
»TWW W f>W5W WW I feH W Wff W few few HW fewt 
WWt W feH # MSWH WfWW WW I feH few few WWWWH 

ww 1 w - 1 fen fewt # few ww fewt, H75WH fer yr# ww 
fewt W few WiW W#W?5H y#»F WW 7 Wl cfet fWHfe 
G w H^rtid wfaw usy tfe few Udrtl HWftPHW dfo 
WWt W I fey few Utf5" tfe WW few WWT W Urt'HPdd ww 
WW I fey few HW?T w- UW?7 W HW-U377 W 3^W 
7m WW T W (few uwfet few fewft WW77 y feswr W) 
bf# >W 5 WW WW^y few fey wt WWTW few f#ww ufet 
few WHt 60,000,000 W cfetw wwt W I few WWW ufet 
W 1 " WWT Wt WWW few 1- W >tf# HHWWt H#t>F bf# WW 

ww^y few wfewt# ww ww i fewuyt Ufet few 

— •> ■ « 

WHcff #t UW WWW WcW I 

U. y.-^W. fy. tr. 3 : 555 

ss-ylsltS'eltt : feH f Wfefel'A'WtM #• few 1 - 

ww wi few few wfa wyldoOdUA w few#t fw 

WWWW WHtfWW IIWOT W 240° - 300° H. feWWW 

Gwhw >m few fewwt w i-fen # yuw ww?r few 

Ud'dfcl # WIUW W did'U TWW WIWH WWW Guww WW'U wt 

wfw # ^rwr wty ww- &■ w wjw # wfet 
feptww 1 ' 5W wtw r rWW Wl feH W HH6H6 HHj'WcS 
btWHfeWUW'dU' (W7W Wt WtW W 1 " HWW T W I feH W WW 
u#y wwwt ww m few# 70° - 7i° k. y# fuuraw 
W?T I fey W 1- GhW^-WWhF 254° Ft. 3TI feH Wt HWHW 
C,H, • CH Wl feH wt ¥W# yu-wwwt WWW W HW # 

wfetwwtwi 

tr. y.-Jite-. fe. 7 : 470 

H'dfd* : WWH?ft W feH 
feW-^A’ W WAH 14 HWHW, 1883 Ht. # SWAA feu 
Wfebfl feH # ‘fcf §#WTHW’ Wr bdfuWT cftw 1 ’! HA- 

1915 few few O'dlsJrtyddl WFW fWPtF ^ww Ou r6Q 

WH# 1 ## W" QWHW #WT fWR}f I bfUSt H3" WW few feH 
UW # few 1 "! 




52 



for 3 craw nurff cfet uhff 7 fOTtM 7 ! fen Ft 
UHdd , 'Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums' feH 

FtM 7 few 7- fe*r ffeu fefet feet f 1 

Hfe 7 HHlF M3 IRF HFUt feH FtMt UH3F 7 MM 

u T 5or ?ret fff ottm 7 hmf ffIm 7 i 

li hotf, 1947 yt. §• d'ylsi^yddi feu for Ft 
fell 3T5t I 

7. y.-dte. fir. 7 : 374 

stfeTMdfUoTFi : 

■^dd H3 ("Wd PFcicb FF ^ 'U dd « Ud'dH c(dct rtdl 
offet TTfet F 1 HF3 7 fUHM M 7 ^ §• sTglOTfHH feF 7 
feH 7 FI fWU feH SH 3" Wt Hfe FF F3I FF 
d'FlUdfdctH ufet FFct fe FH ofdWlM 7 F3 fet!" fe FF 
Sfe Ft OT HfeF 7 §" cTHfe F 7 ! FIB 1 feH fefest HfeHt 
H 7 ttdTd 1 MHF UFt dcj 1 cT r dF r d 1 ^ H 7 o(dl F<^ 'FtM 7 
fecfetM 7 Ft fHfeM 7 feFtM 7 F3 I Ufet fet feoT FFT 7 
d'ylydfdoT F UF feF Gfe FFTtM 7 WFt Ft M'fed fife 
dH 1 F ftTc5 T fed UfFW 7 U'dfl Ft H'dd 1 FM c7 r F% fe 
ffefe H FFfe feF FTJ Ufet fUHfe FFft fecW feH 7 
F#l 

§F afefecffecJH H Ufet Ft VFFF 7 3 cTFF 
ffet HFfet FF F3, U3 F FF 3 fet Gfeffed FFF F3 
fefe fefefeOT, FrfeMMPFH, MOTdW M3 fefet I 
d 'ylydTdoiH H 7 feoT FF FIFU ffeT fed HdfeQdd 
FfetyFfeoTH MfeF F3 §" fH3F5T HUFF d 1 Ft M d Idd H 
feF feH 7 FI fe3FW HUFF HF3 IFF HW feH fH3 
FFF FF fefefe fey - Ft OTF VPFF 7 MHFtM 7 WFt 
GfFcT fttri FFt F I 

Wf 3F 3 STFtydfFcTH' FJFF feH FfetM 7 F Fife 
feH" S T FF Ft fcrfdoF §" 3U cfFF F 1 " FF HFS" <V t'JF 
f^F WF fefF»F S’ UiF 7 ^ F 7 51FF Fell 
HFWfoF >>13 Ho'y^F. ?Fdt f>T?FFK WEE 3^- 

ytfdsm,, fdQy«F w? fefFW t uud'Q^ fif i 

F. U.-nfF. fe. 7 :444 ; ft. &. ntF. 2: 518 

: FFFFT feF cTFt 

?TF HOT Ft ?3t HFFF Ft dl^'d' 3 IwfHF (diver- 
ticula) ft-ldl'K 7 H3 H'Fl'rF F3, fFFy Ft HtT FF rt'dl 7) 
d l dl ^d did W^ylFH >H T fW T FFF 7 F I 

foT HtHTFt Ft UHFt HFtHfH FHF F^t ^t3t FFFt 
FI feH FHF Wet cJFft §" FFt>HH F 7 WW ftlW fedF FFF 7 
F Hf3 f%F Ft f5fF?F TFTF FFF ort3t FFFt F I 
Hf3TT feFW 7 ?FW twfrf 7 >H3 Hf33t»F F 7 HIU^^ 
nFTFcFf ?FW tftfHF FF HoTF 7 F M3 ?FW Ft F^F 
M33t>>F feF felF FFt dcF^F F# F 7 §H F 7 ?t 113 7 
WFT FFF 7 F I 

3 feF HtHMt 3T3tF |U TO oTF W M33t»F 
feF MWHF M3 SoT F3 WFTF F7T I feH 3353 feF 



MUddcV F 7 Sdt cfd^ 'Qd" 7 Hddl F FFF 7 FI IddU 
dFTtM 7 feF HFfet WFT o(>d6 FHF F3 F 7 3F dfdF' F 
for F foF3 WFt MFMT F37F 3 MFFtM 7 HFF OTF 
f5Ft MTfh-F c(d ^ 'G F ofdd 1 SF3 triddl F FFF 7 F 
f?)F3F dcC’dd FF FHH 7 HFfK F ceded FFF FfFF 3 ^t 
MUFF3 FiFFt F FFF 7 F ! 

fdH FFT F ddil’Tf 7 3 3dW FF TTFlf dd 7 <3 tF3t 
FfetFt F I tHFF 7 , FFM 7 3F13 M3 HtFF ^fet HOToT F 7 
UFFT 3F7F F ' dl F 1 F I 

F. y.-H. F. MF. 2 : 518 

3TR7T, iT 7 ^ H.<odl : feF ffea - ufttF MFTFF 
U3F5FF Fft frTFSF 1912 3 1919 Ft. M3 feF 1923 3 
1941 Ft. feF MOTFft ffefeFFHfe 3F 'FfetHFl’ MUFF 
F 7 M3feF feF 7 Ft I fenr F 7 FfOT FFForfHF feF HfeUFF 
fetf 1874 Ft. feF FfeM 7 ! Ffe3 >H3 MfeH.ddd fet 
7FH3 7 FF3 HF1F 1898 Ft. feF feF feFF-HFF 7 ^ F 
FyF-MFFfet feFFT feF OTFt FFF WFF I H3 190^ 
3 1910 gt. 3F feF FUFT MFFtcF F 31FF3F 377F5 
F 7 HF3F feF 7 1 H3 1910 feF feF 333 feF ‘cfetHF 
F 7 . H fd -HU 1 F c( M3 2 H 1 M>' HFIF HiFFF ffeyFl 
FfeM 7 ! IffoHt FFTiFM 7 FFF 1919 Ft. feF feH ? 
MHdfe 7 F fFF 7 UF 337 HFH MHFF F MMW F 
HFTF dctcS feUF3 1923 Ft. fed FFTF fe HF Msildi 
FWfeM 7 felM 7 1 feH 3 l fefetH3’ MUFF itt FFt FrT i 
M3 HF3t HF 7 Ftfet I 

7 OTHF, 1944 $ 333 feu feH Ft H3 F Ffet 

F. U -MF. »fe. 8 : 576; M3 fe. 7 : 110 

sf'Hfe, ; feH FFFffet feFFTH F 7 33 

6 MUW, 1651 Ft. S' oTHdd feu FfeM 7 ! feF %F fe 
feTuM 7 UPUH FF3 GUdd 1672 Ft. fed ufdH FT? 
fUTM 7 M3 1683 Ft. feF feH3 MHlfe UfeW UfWF 
Ft ut 6'3 feMOT FFF 7 fWM 7 I feF H6'd<5 H'fdd v 
OTFF feF 7 ! feH3 WfeqFi M3 F 

effe 7 1 H3 1695 feF feH 3 ‘Academie Francaise’ t 
HfeF FfeM 7 fepH 7 1 H3 1713 feF feF .ddfetl 
McPFHt F 7 HUfet HF3F feMdd fefeif 7 1 

feH3 FFT, feUFFtF, MFH3 MF33 (169' 
MTfe FtM 7 feF 7 F §3F offe I 

18 H3FF, 1722 Ft. 3 ufFH feu feHFt H3 

FTFt I 

F.U.->>3. fe. H 7 . 3 : 339; >>t3 »fft. 8 : 288 

jfeFHt : feF UOTt MFFtdf 7 Ft feF F'FHHJF 
3 M^fet M3 Gfetfet HFtM 7 feF MFFfe 7 F Hf 
yfA'A d!Sd'3 F Ftfet U3F feF UFW3 UFtl H3 7 f 
HFt F HF feF MWF 7 FFT M3 ^fe 7 FFT FTOTT 7 
OTF FFF HF3 MHto d ofe H3 3 feF F f33 FF 7 




53 



fea w aar fa sraa 7 aaa ffet aafet a afeti 

d^'fed Ul*H'd fe<J' fed feo( sid 1 77 Uitt'sS 1 d'H 3 
crdd 7 ora - few d 33 3a 7 fed fecT 3 adT 3 
3U3 ¥77 3 dfe 3 Uafe 33 a3T at Tltd Utft I 33 FU 7 3 
faa ^ >>rtM aa at 77taMi ffer a 1 dwfefe a 

Ud (aUT STd 1650-85) 3 Uffefet J fed Hofei H'ttl 
a'a aa 7 few i fen - a 7 fdarfaorut uidia 1 (aar-opa 
1708-40) fdlrtT 3t Ufet 3 aautd dU'dl W cV tfe 
afewa 7 a 7 ^ua craa ffet udua rft Phh ffet Qa* 
1724 st. fear 1 d'H 1 a fed few i fed dip fey 7 
fad 7 aa 7 a Hdifed aa 3 afeat aaa'aa fea 7 aw 
«di' d fea fad d'H fen 3 d * i-i 1 a da d aa i fed 3 
awa a yadfe 3 tu tu afew fea fed 
aarraa fear aa afet ga fwa i 

fed dcj 1 wsafe 7 fear fea fear fy wc< w 77tcfet 
feaofd award rftiwfe treaa afe fraua 733 
afaa 7 srwa, wfta 7 , wk aTTd 7 wt awa 7 fea tfe 
naa a 7 yut aa 7 dt fed 3 tat 3 \ fed - aat aa asra 7 
aft 1 aw wd afaw fed aarfet fear taut dcraafet 
awa 7 d'H araa 7 at ua fea ife aa 3 tara 77at a 77 
aare 1 ada fear tu craa afef aa fear went a uat 
au <^h ara? fear fear wad uat aft a Qh aft faafuar 
araat at 3 aa g rrw faat aft 1 

afedt gu taa aa a 7 uaa ^ufa ffet at aat 
aar awa 7 3 333 ffet at odd afe aa 1 awa 7 3 
afwa 7 aafe a 7 a 7 gaut ^afetw 33 #3 fed 7 afe 7 
at a 7 aar wt aar fetfer 7 uraa77t ffe 7 at uaat ffet a 7 
afet ddr-aaftfew fea tu ara77 ffet aa few fea 7 
aft 1 aar fea aadt artdtw afetw afe 3 fwat a 
HaafOT^Hdtw-ffW ttd 7 

afe 7 at 1 fed a a 7 ad 7 a afe a au fea arfet arra aa 
ard 1840 at. a Rdiaar 5f aar g aaar aa 7 aa sra 
fad 7 faiw aa sraddd a a w aaa ara fefefe 
aaafetw ajfdd 7 a 7 afea-adt ^aa add oraafea 
fea daf7 a farw d fed 77^ fefe - at wafecrd 7 3 
srfet aa 7 arai afefet (1858-89) a aar sra dd 
dfedt aaddd a 7 crfet wafea add afewi aat 
feat safe 3 aaa afe wf a2<s ] 0 d oraa 7 craa fed 
da^adt ^aa ga ara fad 7 fed tt^ ^fe 7 at drnad 
add a afeti aarad 7 ?a afetwi ad 1892 fe. fea 
fear aafetFrt Hfed a wat dafea d dfedt §■ aa 7 a fear 
wftd aar aa 7 fad 7 ! daraa tadfed §■ ida fedfe 
aa fad 7 ffew > Hd daaara §■ dfedt tt 7 at safetrft 
addt fea fdfT 7 fad 7 farw d uaa dfe d fed a 7 daa- 
Hardaa T few! 

a.U.-^ta. fe. H 7 . 3 : 848 

3 t o?Q : fea uffea dfet TTdaaat au rft 
feaa 7 a3d?7t fea feafsa a afeaa add d ua 



^ar, nfetHd 

aafdw awa 10 vaaa, 1933 d feffdar a ffea 
fea 16 fe. at. at ^at d sarfe dfea d araaad 
f 5 7 few ffew 1 fed 3 \ aaarTa aa afe.wa.-darfed 
feu 7 ffet fea H T df 7 feuafet feaa aa aat 1 aat feat 
aaraadafedfeuatw 150 awfe- dfe auat aawdt 
>Hd waafw fea aa a afetw wf fefe afetw §■ 
dforf- a 7 T ttw at wfew W 3 saa 1 

d 7 ^ feu 7 fea dd-dd 160,000 a srata feat 
au feu fea art 90,000 a srata fea feu 7 feawai 
feu 7 d fea wa feaw 7 d fea a 7 donat fewataffe 
fefe featw fea ufe ufe 32,000 a srata feat aataa 
datfew, ara tad »\3 dtafetw aad aa afei 
drafaiad feat ufed fea rwfua feu 7 fea taafeard 
feddafadafei 

dTorfe feu 7 a featw feua hf d ufeat aat 
aadTft a md FTfeiraw d daafe aad ffet 
ufeaidwa 7 gafetwi fefe - fea ^r-ddfet aafe 
fea ^u urfe a Hdtft afed d wra, Hd-dnit afe 7 
ffea d>rfe a wra, featw fe dwata at fedtsrdd 
tt^ dtaa srad aafe ’dffewd wra ^uftw aafefw 
77^ fefaa aad, ngaat ufet ifta a 7 fu fern afaa 
a 7 Hdu 7 d wra wfa aua ffet ast wrr-ddut daaa 
feta afe 1 aat fedt aar fea fea faa daafew did 
feaa dud d ara auad 7 afet ftaaft a fefe feu 7 fe 
aa 7 uaTTd fetd 7 1 fear d gw fefe dnafe aad 
rafeaaw nrd d T frid i feua daa 77 daar feu dfead 
afafe afe ufdfecfe fea dd a dd at da 7 feat 1 

a. U-’feS'. ffe H 7 . 3 : 841 

3 W, HfetHcT : aadfft a fed aat a 7 add 
fefttw a afe ddd feu 29 aafet, 1605 at. a 




dfetddd r a 



afewi fedd gafet fefaw fefaarduaar feu irua 
fetdt >Hd daw fed fe a?ffeafeat d aana at fefuw 
uord atdti 33 1639 fea fea tfdarduaaT 



54 



nraraannHnn 

M<skdfH<fl fen a fed 1 n 7 nlnn fanr few »ifa nn 
iW fulr fen n nfefer fat fafat fa- ferr fa ’tfnm 7 fan 7 
wffwi 

fenntdfed 1 fen ffaiy mfa nnfet nt nsn nt i 

fen fat HsT fa 1 Wit c( fed 1 ‘Der Mensch Hat nicshts so 
eigen’ Hfat H'fal n I HfefeHn fa feTT nfef 7 d' fa 4 

fi-IMd' fen Wnn nfe 7 ! 

15 Httfel, 1659 fat. fa cjffadlHFIddl fey - for nt 
H 3 " n did! I 

tT. U.-^te. >fe. 4 : 228; >for. fa. 6: 989 ; >H>). 8 

: 387 

sHolddd cFWTvfcT : fen fa^?T fen ‘fe?7H wn 
an?’ ?fer fen FTt-FFFm ffaftw HW FTt fHH fen 
Urafen Mfa nfefet bT§?7 nt fefew ffafatfentfatl 

feFT n MW fa fefeH.dd'd' W d d fefl fa nfan fen 
d'otdd nt femat irun oft^t nfa Fft i fan 1768 n Frnt 
fBVFTT afet fen fa HniB 7 fnfat Blfat »lfa Wfefat n 7 ?fa 
‘crarr 3 T anan wg- ww yfenann fen nt 
wfefat fcwnfalaW >tf3- fetsfat fa few 7 1 

fen HH'fefat 1568 fa ] \. fen HSfejn ‘TOJiJ 
oman’ nt ynfat hw nt fenran fen nt an nan 
ttdl ufat I Hd Id fen fevi'dd fa 1666 fen yfBT ttdl<£ 
?m fen 3 W fa mfat i fan 1572 fen fen feHW w 
OH'dl mfat i fen fevmn fen sfen hw fa nt ?w nt 
>H T few nnt J# i 



sPofHdd : fen fem&fe nt Fpfn nraafen 
a 1 ©'fat n dfe'Hdd fenfean n 7 fen fefda'na nfen fa 
Hnn-WH fa few nfm>r ^rar n an fann nfann ^ 
wn fa nfaaw fa i fawn famn fej- fen ^rg^- 
fercj nt fant n ay fen ^ftw ffew i fan 1194 fen 
fen §■ fen nf ufowt nfet nro unm uni' yfn 19 wf 
Ffet ^d'6 fen bw# n 7 ^n 7 wnn nf^H 7 1 20 nnt 
fen n# nfen tw 7 nf ynfet ynn §■ Fran iw 
aran tm 7 fen nn crarar n r fe > H 7 nfei 7 Sn 7 nt ynnt 
sfet ^onrdd nfennt nam 7 Fit ntn >H?m nt' vM 
n rt'W <5'W fen nn Qdtndi nt ny 1 fun un 1 fen n 7 
1748 nt. n 7 dtin'd'-Klnw feniwfe n nfet nn xwt 
nwwt fnn nfeTn fen fen n 1 fen fefrafet Hn 7 ^, 
nntnfet n nn n w^nt nfetnn fe^nn nn 7 ni 

>H T n r nt - 81, 610 (1982) 

53° 32' ■§-. fen. ; 1°07 / U. fen. 
tr. y.->fe. fe. H 7 . 4 :173 ; >>177. »ftt. 9 : 285 

sPdCd : fen center n Mro nwrr nt 
nnanst >H3 nfevft M.ddtsc nt^f 7 yn nenann fen" 
fen n i fen >nnntcr n nn tfen fen nn^nn nfentu 
n wt>>r ntn FfefeFff nfntra? 7 n wfew n fenc'd 
nfen ni fen Frfnn n 7 n 7 nnm Finn n ftw fan n 7 
Fidwy fevirtl n dd.tra n 9” i fan 1617 fen fen y dd 
fen ydnt n^'y nl'H 7 Hyfnn nfafei 7 > nran nfayf 7 1 
1677 fen ndfalnlm 7 fa swn n munfe nfe nntn 




d'oi'd FiftrantHyntinn 



fife fan 1857 fen 5rfafat wn 7 ^unn nrann 
w nnm nn fnn 7 fnpn 7 yffa wrafa fen nra n Frn 
nan 7 fa nn nt y7j n nfeti fan 1858 fen fen 
wfadt nHnm nn fant nfet 1 

n. y- Mn. fe. 1 :537 ; >fo. Mft. 9 : 218 ; *t?r. 5 



§njn nnn 7 ntn 7 »fe 1857 fa. fen scnral nt ntr- 
fnt ?t > H T ufa" >Kxfan nn nst 1 fan 1866 fen nyfat 
wratn 7 n nnfefat Ffetnfnu ?t fen ns 7 fan nnt 
>H T fn nn nn 1 fan 1855 fen fe?fan awn fan 
ifeiit >n.ddta T n 7 ufnw 7 fan-nw w$ nn fen 
nnnt n 7 nrar y^ few 1 fan 1904 fennnnM uent 



: 436 



55 



3W(Hd) 



Wdld 7 df duff dOTHOTt H3-<5df 3" HOT d ^oTH 
fey-Fdt Hint i 

Ufest ddt 33T dHOT feH yrdddl'd dt Hd33' 
HOT iff OT HlHt I H7T 1 924 fdd OTdtdt 33OT (MOT 7 
d'«l ) del fed Hd-H'ddl t)‘rt did 1 felM 7 friH d'dl 
OTOT did 7 Hdddl'J 3oT U3dOT fdd HH 3 3fetl 
fe?} 7 dfeJM 7 dHOT SOTd 3 fd3-d3Tdt M3 3OT- 
ddfef 3^ dtdt M3 1930 d d3OT f^ fed yiJIOTt 
d d-F3 Sdt gfgdoT Hd33F3 7j df fUsf dsT Hldf I 

fTft dgff ?5dfef dHOT feH dflJH dt 3OTt M3 
M'dfOTd 1 J cPdf OT 7 SHF U3 1943 Ht. fdd OTdM 
Uddf M.ddleP OT dfet dHdt HdW cfOT §U33 
dOTd feH 33df d HOT 3 OT 1W I OT fell HHIOTf Sf 
dtt 3 OtfVIdl ftdl dfed d ffclM 7 I fen d &> 1 0d df 
HOT Hfe §dd3f HHfeOT 3d I H3 1959 3" 1961 3oT 
OTHIhI M.ddlcP M3MOTOT3OTrfddtf^feTM 7 3 
H^feF SdtM 7 3 HTdtM 7 3 1959 3" 1960 Ht. 

3d" H^-fd3f dfet dW dt dOTQF?>t felF I feH fUsf fell 
HcSldl'S dlcid'd ^dMU'rtTOT'feM^fwid^ddt 
33T 3 HMd dflJHt §d fdd fed d 7 cP# Udd 7 ufeM 7 I 

dfldddOTl'f^fOTHdcl'dl feH T OT t UdOTOTT 
Md^ddMMidOTMdffe^flJdfddOTHM^ 
d 7 cTH dSd 7 3 I dftd d G“ddl 3 dOTt IdSfdM 7 fdd 
Hdddl'd HM yMMHH M3 fedfsTHT 7 OTI idoPH 
fdd-OTf MHcftoP d 7 dd 3 dH fddfed Qd^fdld 
dOT 3 1 HHIOTf d 7 33, Hdw - df dHMet, W dtM 7 
fdS 7 , HtMH Hd^td M3 HOT 7 d HOT OT77 ^HHT 
OdMdl fed fec< fed OT I 

fed cfef dftM 7 dffM 7 dddHt yiFddd 
fdfeTMOTdHHtM3 3FHdfef33WMTFfeHUJHOTI 
OT fed 3d? d 7 W M3 ffedlW-ura' 3 I 

MMOTf - S'. 1,382,000 (1985) 

14° 48' §\ fdd. ; 17° 14' U. SH. 

3. fe. H r . 3 ; 852 

sJ'Ojd 1 (QVdT) : Hydd HOT >HHdlor W fed 
fed OTT d I fed d 1 - OT ddH 1- 783,022 d. fd. »f3 
OT 638,800 (1990) d I fewdd fed OTT dt 

d'rlU'cSl >H3 fed W HF d d^ Hfed dl fed OTd 
?OT SHTd OTT d OTfe" d Hd'Hff fePHOT fed'dl >H3 
dfetddT d I fed dt dd dt Hd T HS371 IddSt d I fed 
H3d>Hddtd T d 1889 dt. fdd dd d fdd HH 7 !^ OT 
dOT HHddt Hdd' fdd fed d Hd 0c^' Hdd' dfel fed 
fdd fedd d Sdfef-Hdld, nidd-d^ dSdfflf 
cfOT dHdfe>F HdfWd*" d dfewfeldl 

Hsf 3 1 Ufdfd fell'd?) Hd 1 " d fed y 3d ^ fedd 
ydd 3 ddff cfOT d K3d Sdf ddOT dt3 T l 5W 



fdd fed Hid dd d ddd Sdf df Hdgd ufenFI fed 
d r dd 1- nfd Ufd-fdlf- ffe-ddf HlFd Hdd df dSd 
>OT Hd-lOTd Hdf ddd*' dd dHd dd-d3OT d Sd*- 
Sdf fdd d 7 SPOT Hfe»F 3 OTf O^f fed d S T o(H' 
rOTf d dOTfd 7 d dt Hdd >H§d dfe" SeT dt Htd 
MdHd ddt 3 1 feldd 7 Ud fedtT7OTHd df^yF fdd 
fOTdFUt Sdt Hf oftdt 3 >>^43 HTT d dd Hd fdd 
Wfed Od Hd->HHfdd dOT fdd oPWH 3 HTd I 

fOTHdldddHHtd PdH'S OTHdtfOTd^dt 
HH37^ dUd dHd 3 feddf 3 ^13 UOT 3 UdH dH" 3 
fed dHHt H33 dt ^dfet W d vffer 3d dt ^XJdt 3 1 
fed d 7 33 U3H dd d 7 Tftd 7 H33 33 dfHH 7 dt 
^Iddf" ddt dW 3 fdd dt ddfet fed HdT d ffeeft 
fed OT 64 fd.dt. (40 dts - ) »f3 dOT OT 16 fd.dt. 
(10 dts - ) 3d 31 fed dfet d Udd OT fed d 7 dd 7 
Ud'dSl 333 ITHtld ^fWHUdfe 3, 3 90-120 dt. 
(300-400 33) 3d ^d 7 3 1 fed H3'3Sl OT U3dt dtd 
H33 § fed d di d Hij'drtl H3, fe)33 HHdt 3 ^id 
ofdtd 1 31 feOTU>H3t d 7 ^? HTSdddt fddHOT d3d 
dt 3d fdd Wfe>>F 31 fed H33 dt OT3 7 ?OT S3Tdt 
3d §“3 33OT U3H3 OT >H3 fed - d ifedt dd §*3 
H^dl yfnoCdUdfedd dj3 OStStH rdd^jd! d Oeb'd del 
90-120 dt. (300-400 fd) §dt 31 

§33t ddd 7 d 7 OTWt HUfeftUt 3 fdd ofdd 
313Ht»F 3Udt»F 3 dddfeF Sdfef 7 ddfef 7 OTI 
OTfWttf 3 UfdS 7 33 d 7 95 U3td3 H33 JHd FOT - 
dfeW dfdd 7 dft >H3 HH 7 »Ffd Kdt ofdddl 3H3F3 dt I 

ddd fed dt HH ,<oHrt 3 U3 dfet 3 !OTdd dt 
Hfeft rFdt 3 1 HOT fed d 7 UW Q^MpHd fdlFOT 3 1 
fed 3 fe?d 33 d3 cfOT d 7 fdd3T ^t fddfd3 3 1 dd 
1951 fdd 3'feGdl' fOT OT dt H33 ?OT §3dt 
d'^d 1 ddd3 33 d d¥ 3 OT" UdOTtWf ^dHdd 7 
fdd fed 31 

fed dt d'H Hdo( 'd d 7 dtft dl^dtbd 3 fi-IH 3 'd'd 
H'S Hdt dfeyf 7 ifed 7 3 1 7 > ddddfet fesl'dl' d dtft 
dd dOT OT I OT W 33 3 313333 fdtddd 7 d OT 
fdd dOTfef 7 OT W §33t sOTH d H33 H3d'3' 
W3OT OT I 

H.y.-’te'.fH.fl’. 29: 389; f3\ fe. 5: 219 

20 : 442 

sJ'oJd 1 (eiret) : fed H3oT3 HOT ^FfHtd 7 d 7 
fed HdOTt HOT 3 1 fed d €^33 fdd Gfedt 3OT3 7 , U3H 
fdd fkfoife 7 3 yFfeGd 7 , dOT fdd 3H3 T dcT r >H3 
Odd OT ^'feGfHHTW HOTS 7 d HOT SHOT OTI fed 
HOT d 7 OT HOT 7 199,730 d. fd. dt. »f3 dFHOTt 
696,004 (1990) 31 fe(d3 fed df d'dO'cSl 31 




56 



3W Udt 



for hut u 7 u 7 fefeuu gc r fe g gut fun g 
uu^fefferfeurfe, ufegfunu feOfe udutufe 
fe ufdw' feu gu fefeu uuu u ^fet hu i fen urr u 7 

H feci 1 <5' 1889 fe. fed UUT Ufenfn dlUUUd dUT U 7 
Hdf U Hfg fed fe fW feoT gdfeUd dl^dtSd , UU 
UHUUt Hfffeut Udf fed UU I feu HU UU HW Bfe 
U5T UU <J<*> I 



feu uur nmdfe 7 u §17 ud 3W ffeu feu u 

ffeufeUUUggfeffeHTUrffel'gl WPt fe UCFU U I 

U — *v 

feu utt unfeu 7 ffeu tg u gmruu feu gu fend fe 
tr hu fu utfHt hutu ufg feni 7 hu fe fesslou tg fenr 7 
uu+ feu 5hhuu hu - feu uur feu ui dur fe 
nfufeuu 7 funru3d ufewf feud hpuuu u 1 



Ud'dW UU feH dUT g feu feu feu UUF feu 
fefeou H 'u 1 u— fen u cifdrt udd feu ydH U 7 

UUd 7 dldfe?fe HUHT U I UU UUd feu UgH feg U dfd- 
dlgHsffe dfe ugUU UU I fed H3d feu fu-gu fed, 
gfeiu-uufetnr yg+ >nfe HKHU feu UUU dU I fed fe 
ifeHUdUlffeUUdydHfeffedUUH'A^d' UUUdU 7 

sfe HHgu u 1 fetu feu feu fenuun 7 Hgu fauu uu 1 
feu mfe Hug unrg u huw uur 1,100 Ht. feu 7 

Ul ufet UdHfe U UdH feu feud fen H3d ut UUUt 
dfe fefefe HTHdtU 7 feu HU fe fefe (2,207 Ht.) U I 

uuraur hu uur ut uu-fuufet feufe ufaur 
dUt UUt U I feui g, ^ufegfufU fe UHU UUU fUH 7 feu 
ufuu Hfg uitfe Hufe, uhu, tu fe ^ffefe UdH 

feu feud ufefer fegfe fenr ncrfeu uutHF cru i 

dTdfe Hfg Hdfe Hfffe UUU fe Out U I UdU 7 life 
dfe Ul WTO HFH UdU HCU UfUU 7 Ul HUcT fegu 
UUcT feu UU 7 , W, HtFF, Ufet, 2UTHUU, UU7fe>fH 

>H T fu ufeu fe feguut uuu feuu 7 U I 



UU U 7 2/5 uur ^ut UU U I feu HU uu feu 
must uffen 7 u yuu feu gfuu ui Irfw uum feu 

Htfeu guUUT > H3’ HUoT fUUtT UUU UUUt U UH UUt 
Ufetr U I feuu Ut sFcfe 7 fefefeMTT wffeufefet 1885 
sh. feu >HU Hrfu ufeu 7 wtfeufefet ^dfeufefU fefe 
1882 Ht. feu Hufuu uufer i 

d. fe. S'. 29 : 395 ; >)fe. fe. H 7 . 11 : 40; 

U. feu. 489 



3 T 5te T ?y?t : feuUHHUffeH 7 

^t? T WoT : feU ^fedt feHdtdT U fegtfeU 
fdut U UU UU feu# 17 fet Hut Ud 7 ?! HUUT dtu 7 U 
U3U feU feH UU HU I fed) 7 g §U HU few ofdfe H 
(Sioux) fed 7 feU 7 Ht feU U 7 UdUffet HUt feu H3UU 
UHHUt # ffW feU 7 Ht I fei7 feU feWUd gfet U 
tut tUU ^ HU I HU dU feU fefe g fed- UUT U 
HfeuFUU UU feed UUF Hfet, UUldTdU U dfeu feu 



fefeH 7 feU 7 Ul fefe fefe UldU 7 g TH^U Utd 7 , 
tdfed 7 U Ufed 7 fe fed 7 feU 7 U I fefe feu Udcf UIUU 

g nidFumug sratfufe feu fefe g tuu fe feuu 

UU, tfew fdPH 7 U I ufed 7 HHU tfe fld-UUF feu 
fifed 7 fe HHUddF utt Udffer feU 7 U I 

ufed 7 gdr fedfedf HIT UUIU 7 feu dfuu Hit HU 
Bfttfunf 7 feu tg UU HU I HU 1640 feu feu Utfet 
felUHU 7 >HU UUd UdTU feufe feu dfUU HUdfeu 
fecUd, Hgfef 7 UUU »fe 5tfe U UUT75 7 U §UHUU 

uuuu feofg srau u 7 uu 7 uuu hu i feu fe fw yfuu 7 
few uufeu KUf Hfe ut dHU tfeu HUI fed 
fefeau 7 gfe g sfeu 7 gfe g UgH gu cfe fufei HU 
1760 UcT §U Ifeu fefdt ufevr 7 ITU Udfe feu HUU 7 
feunfe ugdr feuu gfe UUU dfel HU 1812 Ut UUT 
gfe yuu feug nut nfe felw uttg uduufefef 7 
7UU UHUU 7 UUT 7UU dfeu dUI HU 1815 feu 
niHdtfe Ut HddUd ?UU HHfg" WffU sf'^d 1 Ud lfe>ft 
fed fed W UUU Ud 1862 Ht. fed HddPd Ut 
feWUgt UU fe Hut 5Ufg UCdft U dfe U HUc! U dUT Ut 
uu ug 1 UU tru feufe HUU HU Hdt HUldH r Hfe 
HHcfU¥ T U fed 7 fed U 7 gH Hfe Ud UHdUToF Hfe 

fe? dfttg u dufe fed 7 feu UU did I 

ufeu ufet U HUU HUWf U cTUTUfiPH 7 ?UU 
HRIU 7 dUH 7 dfetH UdU feU feuUU dUU HU I ffet 
UHU feu life Hfe UHHU U 7 fed UU fgHffeu 7 , fedU 7 
U 7 Ht I HdU-UU fefe U 7 HU-UHU SUfegf UdH 
Hfunr ufe 7 u i 

ufed 7 HfdU 7 HU U ggg Hfe HUfeHf 7 U fetu 
fed HUUd HU I fefe U UHdddt UHg feHH HfdH 7 U 
HUUU HUI fet gfe UH# feUd HUufeHf 7 HU'Ud 
ferdU'HU UfdUfe QgldU HU I 

20 fe Hfe UdU dfe 7 fe fdlUUt 40,000 U 
rtdlsldl dfu dlfe fe fU<7 70% UUfe" U Q ddl 
Ufe 7 U dHfe 1 fefefefe feU dfd dU HU U Ud U 
UUU UUsT 7 feu dfUU dU HU I 

d. U.-HU. ft. H 7 . 3 :852 ; WT. Hft. 9 : 432 

feciTfe trfefkoT fefefe) : HU gu feu 
UU1H 7 HHUt fe ffedHH 7 'HPUH’ fe Hfdd fed UdfgHf 
feU 7 fe Ud fife U 7 g Hffefe UUU 7 fe fdfe fefe UU 
gdff fe ffer g gfe feuurfe fedd HtdU 7 fe fdfe Hdf 
§H feg Ud Ud UUd fedHf 7 dfUU 7 U I ffeT HHU fe‘ ddfe 
HfdTHd UdH fefeHf 7 U HHU fed dfe U I 3U1H 7 feel 
ufuut UUU 7 U fUH' g fen fe fefe U HU HHd 7 g 
HUS 7 Ufe U fefefe feu HTUU gg (fRci) feu- gfe 
UoTH Ul feH UoTH g UU HffuO 7 UdU fe gd U% fe 
ufe Hffuuu CTUU-ffeHofet U 7 feHH fedU HU 7 
HUdHU Udfe U I feHfetHT ufe dfe 7 U HUU, HUtHf 7 
ffet HU U HUU HffuU HUUU UU I fed g ffefe ?fet 




57 



fadl^ES 



cifo 1 Hc<^ fotQToi for d fefa cr33 d 7 Ud3 fa 3fa 
Gsd'l 

fadfet HUdd 7 3fa UW fadlM 7 fedd d 7 H33U" 
9"l for fed £ fxr3 T % ‘ufa’ *>fe ‘ufedd *H 7 33 7; fd3 
fjfad #377 JdMd 33 1 fd3 dd3 fed feoT #377 d 7 *Hd 

Hd dfar 33 fed afuF w fed 7 ?7dt, dfa dfa far & i 
far 325-26 fee 3fefe fa fefad dd 7 fed fferfa 
fad 7 for**! 7 for ‘fed 7 M3 - ufa d 7 33 fey fa fa, ‘fad 7 

Udd d 7 fdfadd 3fa 31 fed fa tdd 7 

dfe**T fe ‘ufedd *3 7 dH 7 ’ He 7 >33 Udd faJ 7 3 Ud 7 
dfadlfa 1545 - 63 fed" 533 fa fed^ dd 7 fed # 
Udd 7 ? UTT dfe^f 7 ' Gd *>|o(Hd dd" fa 3H3 cfafrtof- 
333313 sfeT H33GT3T 31 fa" 1870 fed 33 fa dd 7 
fed fcdd 7 fad 7 few fa fa £ nrfacdd ifud d fa 
§3 ylppyl 33 3 HddUU cT3 fa 1 

333 W33 3 falT faddd fadd 7 3 fad 7 fa 
dfa U5T3 fa ffafaw 33cf yfafet d 7 ’•HfaoPd 3133 
ffad f fafw 33 dd 33 fefa UffafaTETdfaufa 
fa : - 

1 . fa fa dd3 fed fad 7 dfo 

2. 3 333 fa 333 fa3 fa3 7 3 t l 

3 . 3 fall fa 333 fa3 fad 7 d 7 1 

faH 7 >33 3133 33 3 3 §3 fa3 7 WU3 »fayd 
333 fad 7 , 3333 3 3 §3 fed 7 §3 §3 3 fad fed 
fapffa 333 fa 3 fecT 3^3 (faddd) 3 §3 f 
Uddfad" 1 ffadd fa3 3 T ?T3 r 333 333 333 ‘fadfa 
*HU?Qd r 3 1 fa>r3 d fa >3d 03 :- 

fa3w fa3 fed?^, fafarffafa fa3 fewdH, 

ffaf, 333 fed feud'd, Ufa dfa fed fedfad, dfaf 7 
fed fedd'H, 333 fddd (ffadHd) W §3 3 fat" 
333 7 3 7 13 1333 fed fedfad, 331 (faddd) fed 
feddTdl 

OdrFddfed fewfa Hdd 7 d fa fadTH 7 3d d 
far ^ fay'd 333 d; fed u?p" 333 3fa 1 

3. U.-fSr. fe. f . 5: 220 

sPdlDod : far Gfafa >HHdfa 7 3 Udfa ffadfa 
fed, >HP ufat fed fd3d dfat 33dTT 333 dfa d I 
faT3 7 fefa>K T 33 3 7 >M>3 r 3 7 H>^ r dlfaT3fa3d r 
fat ddddt fefaddfa Hsftfa fed ‘Squlus acanthias’ 
3 fa fadfad fad fed 7 fad 7 d I 




fadffed 



fad I fed 3jf fd 33T fa fafa^odd >fet d I far 
d 7 yd 31313 fd3 3 fad 3 dd 7 d »fa far fed f33 
33d 7 dd 7 d I dfd 7 Hfa 3yfa33 90 3. fa. felt dfa d, 
cdd 3fa far 3 §d gfa dfa d I ?7d >fet 3 3S 3dd 3 
33 fed Gfad 33 fa" ddd dddf dd 7 d fed 3 3333 
Hddl fa3 fed 33T d 7 Gold dd 7 d I 3 T 3 7 fed fed dcT3 
?fet dd 7 3 dddd" fa fa dd 7 dt 3dt fa Odd 7 ffaFdd 7 
d I fefe dfafa d 7 >H 7 d 7 d fafaf 7 dfafa »fa ^-fefa 
(*33333") 33 I 

K^H^fed^fedfaoidWfMri 
?73 dfa fefe faffafa fa fedldfal" »fe fefa fed f333 
y ft) Of 7 fa oT3" 33 dof faf <33 ofdfa d I 

fed Hfa §■ farfa fed fed ere dd far trd «fa 

^dffad 7 fad 7 d U3 *>33 33 dfed 3 d33 fa ddfaH 7 
fad 7 d I 

d.y.-fer.^. H.e. 4 : 260 

ssfelfess (Dogwood) : fed fed far d fed d 7 
fefdPd 7 ?^ fa offard dSfdol' dl fed §" fHdd 
fad fed fa *>rod 33 1 fara d 3dr **orfafad ysfa fed 
far tdd 7 3 farfa **r33 7 d1G" fed fedd wfa fed far 

fa fd 'fa 12.2 fa. (40 fd) dor d fafa dl 



/ 




vj »-> 

sl'dl^s) 

(§■) Ufa, (*3) f3-fafa, (d) ddfa 



fe)T3U3 d'Udd , Uddfa *>fa ddd fecS'fdfa 
dd 33 fedd fed fed d MdJ-ddHd" rtdl dd 
331 dd fed far ffa 3>3 JrffaH 7 dd 7 d fd fed d 
ffa d33 fad fefafa dtd, fafafa fafafa lyfa fa 
uufafa (U333) ^Sdfefa gfa*fa ufofaf 7 gfa*fa 33 

fedfafa fed far £ 33 fa Udddd dd 1 G'fa*fa 33 1 fed 






58 



au feyr dwyt > 8 # ^rta aar feyr 7 fsaa 7 yea 
farfetya fefeyp-asi fes w g 7 fga y Qdrfeyf 7 fe 7 
dojti 1 S’ I Hat S’ yi'dsl fgS feaa §S fUs?cS HU S’ fefeT 
as 1 ss sais fe as ffefet far »eh aa a Hfe a af 
fga at afe 9 ” 1 fen ay fe ss 3 aaa at aya afe a, 
fridrfl fs dSd^H< 5 e, Sdtrd' a aa yeta Adilya aa 
aua fefe yyQ£ sat gnat feat a 1 yagfss uf - 
aw gaaftyF aw |fa fay is »iara a Sfe fe ss 
Sfe a ^y fey ay sfe fas sfe as 7 gfeyr 7 afaa 7 a 1 
feUTgfa fe Hfe Ha'H'dTdl fSHH cfadt^H fcf CStyFfe 
Su fea - yafe fedigW srs fesfe safe a 1 §a aua- 
OS>ft ddd'rtgl cfttUl'tfr'feSSayfe olrtl.ddrtlyF dfe( 
0 dife S’ 1 fen feyr sdlof UdW dirt'ocd afeyf 7 as 1 

iSU'rtl sS'diasi at fefe PoiHH T cTS fHSfe-SSfe a I 

fdHt? 1 fefdWrtoi s 7 sryssa d'Qn 1 ai fey fes sc 
find 1 ay a fay feyf 7 srfeyr 7 uatyf 7 fyytyf 7 afeyf 7 as 
yra fan s ss a Hats fas as fyaa as 1 fajasa a 1 
is, fen feyr erst a T 3 ts>a fsya 7 fesfeyf 7 as fafe 
s ayss sat Qdi'feya rifa 1 ai 

a, y.-frer. w. a. 4 : 292 

S'feT fa - Z$ : fea fssfefe SS fe 

fvalydslwr uyrat a fya gt ua sfe gafyyf 7 as 
fey s 7 S' 1 fey feyf 7 safe 20 sfetaa as yfe sararaT 
raatya at Gfefe yotafaa feyr ferns as ! fea stfeyr 
a^t gfeyr as fVicy a afeyf 7 3 1 aryg' sat 
fsssfeyr yfe frt»l ss 7 fe fecy a as yrsaa 
as yra y<t a feya a fess at safe as 1 

ffeat yarataa sn?a ufau as uts aar a 1- 
Erythronium americanum S' I feHS dd'Qd fest gt 
fea fea 1- S'! aas-as a 1- fea aarst fs asast 
aaisr fea ^ Hc?>a s fiw yrs aea s ysfa^ 
as fesa 7- a 1 

gay fga fesa gw 3 7 aT’a as gfesa (E. 
dens cams) yrsHa dO'd as fga fbytv a fenr a ajsfet 
gafet aar a fs safe as yfe fens aaftfeyr a 
fs7afayr fga STfeya nfe 1 Sri fea ua a 1 " yfaiaat 
ana fga fea fe fea sfe ftp>r anw S’ fsffer fea a 
w fe ass ss a afe ?as fesat S’ 1 

a. y.->jte’. fe. 7 : 554 

5 } 'did : ats at Hats afet a fea ss ffeat 
Haatw a asafetyrfeT yfe fsa afaa asi fety §■ 
snya gt fsa 1- nfe S"i fefe at ast gaffes fe 
feast Haisfyffet yfe tgja astya w feaaa ati ua 
fea s aafst fv-w a 1- ufets au fsa 7 afe T S' 
fs§1s fea feya Qa'Ods 1 13 gt aat a aaafefe 
fga ifea as 1 

17 gt Hyl a yfes gf^yr aafe fea ss **1 



afayr a aya gs as afe a aa gt fea at ga 3 a as 1 

atst a afe uarg- yfets yffe^ fe ultw feass 
aaTst fesfet yfe iaia-ua aas gfe a ay fga as 1 
20 gf aat ad'S fea ss fife 7 fga ga fe aaatyr'- 
afefyf' a wsr ypfa fe yat sas rfer ua 1 fea a 
?as sw rife, aaia-yg, aa a HaaS-iasa a 1- sa gt 
saa asi fea fesa sa?a a ga.ad'feG rraw 
feyffea a 1- sa gt saa aa 1 

fea ss agsa a ftw-yrrs ufegfe fga.afaa 
as 1 ftfe a afe gfet yfer fga afefaw aa a aaxft 
Sa as 1 a T aas T ufaga feaa fw a yfe fe yrfap>r 
?as at afa asa 7 ati afe fyaa fe jfe '6 a au fga 
sfe sfe fyg fe mia fga aafe aa as 1 fe^y aatra 
fyfe §■ aw ffer rna S-| w ss ftfea-ytT 1 ' fga 
fewg'H aua as a ‘aw’ a yfaa at fgypa afetyr 
saa asi 

a. y.-nls. wf. 8 : 421 ; y|?r. fe. h t . 3 343 

oJ'diy'yf'pHd : dajy'U'fea yafe aast fga 
fea ?y a yfe w afaa S' feas 1- sarsgsa yrra 
fefeufea aeaa yfe fears few aa 1- ss ayaa as fe 
1,800 at. at §afet ffe feayr afeyr S’ 1 fea eua 1 * 
fe ffea-ygfe feaai gs fea yfets gyras-vraai 
fefe ua 7 at a yta fe fea gay fe fears gs fea feasT 
Qfe yfe ai fea sas fea - giras afaa’ a aa a 
Tafeyr fetn- jffi yfes Hafeiti aars fea araaT ffe 
aatyr a 1- saa r S’ fapy, ffer sas afaa at Haas 1- 
yfesr- sw ura afeti yfefeij fea yfwfeyrs a 
GaywyfeHatS-i 

yfarfe - 23, 513 (1980) 

39° 32' §■. fgy. ; 44° 08' U. SS. 

a. y.->ife. fe. Hr. 3 : 602 

fo/H'yl ferft yffaH^ ; fea yaafeyfr 

TTfet fes feasatt atragrfe sfea a 7 flfe at ffer a 1 
fessatyp" a feasn-ft nan yra aa fe” fss at 
araaagrat sargr - ^a aaa aw 7 yraa fyyr 1 fea a 1 
asa tag 7 fga aaiasraa 7 fgy 1868 fe - . fgaafeyr 
oi'yS' fes yfeta Ha 1 did at 1 As 1900 a aryra fea 
Sfe sat as fdiyf r yra afe a ya s fea uaa-ayra t 
sar-fgafeafaPHr-i 

yaaatyr sfea fe sltr ifeat aaTSSgfet sa 
§a aat 1912 et. fga aut aiafi fea sfea w >y 
aag fafeyr aa 7 , aa 7 ^ sa eras yfe aaiws i 
ass yfea ^ja 7 at 1 fea a uarara elH'ef feasatyf 
a aar a as 1 yffeaatyf 7 sfea a 7 fea - fsaw at f? 
fea ay atafet aa ar'yfaa uid'feyr taasa 7 S"i fa? 
sfea arfefefas aaaiaatyf 7 3 1 aa afefe at ua aras 
s yfufe fea Adiss yfe a 'feslfas feasrat yina'lea? 




59 



sf'H, ^H3 



fetjofd 3UT 7 d'rtHW ogfeg gfUUf 7 dfd'H 7 Fit I sSdl ut 
HUVreW 3fo3 ?3 3W UTS - ggg 7 3 HiJoPdl Hgg 

fegg sur ifet w fedAHlui 7 g Her urug gfw 7 f 
stgfet gur gt ggrfe femit gm gt fefeui 7 

fed'Oci 1 WF FTHW 33T UFI H7T 1920 3 H3I3 

Huggfaf 7 gfe? wife fegg Ffewerw' 3 gw gfe 

tH'? 1 ’FT? fed H'd fidSc'fe'l'H 7 fetd Q~dd ddl HU H<bl 

feg H 33 uwh [ «t g ufet i 

W7F ttt H3 23 ?3?3t, 1923 3 tfet I 
g. fH. H 7 . 3 : 338 

gfeT, did cSfert Kfe?7 : § (SfeT ggt g ggg 
uggt w gugt ifevit ftyred gg feg w fes;'Q<i 
g 7 uh cw we fen fnwE RfeTdlw w ggg 12 

> HUf5', 1831 3 sSrt^dH, HH'yPfdH feu dfedf I feg 3 
^Ih (>H 3. W) W3Ht »f3 'eVdfed g'tSl^dfHdl 3" 

gfcg fefuur feg aiddSH?s w fe?g fgTfteMggr 
gt fegfet ure 3 sftgti fog g>f gyreg 33 feg ggt 
uu ?§3 w fesi'Gd g 7 fed gg gt gfeur Ht 1 ufe$- 
ggi g ggg feg £ U 33 ggt g^fet fegt w 
audldlwggdg wfeTWUd r ddl gfeurGitfe^g 
fw fw g ufeu 4 gt. (14 216 gt. (710 

f?) w yg few ugu yg fgfet feg Huggyw 

Mdltl'O 0 1 fedf 7 | HeS 1866 3 1870 dc( fed y Aldfg 
UFTtfeu, OT? gt fgfet H3 HU fei-ifelw feRF I feg 
3 )iyc(cd d'H feg ttdlsldl 14,500 fe. Fit. ffefef 
H3or^'d'iBl>Jfl 

3 'H*ddl, 1916 f snffeg gW3TT, Wfe^ 1 " feu 

felH gt H3 g dTSt I 

g. U.-nte. fe H 7 . 3 : 598 

FfeT, U'drtH 3feH : feu HW W UWfe 7 
g 7 §u- 3 Fwugt w gwg Ht i feu w tt?th 21 

1865 §■ wlcF f fe]fefe gur feg wgfw 

fe 3 HH '6 Iw - gfew 1 feg uffeg feH^-uxr feufe? 
ugnst 3 gt wfesife w ytu ug?r ffet 

‘Wff UEE’ W SHOT Ht I 

feu g Hgtw cTOTT nfe fetSfecS'dl WfHffT 
3 1 ferfiw ygjg - offet >H3 feerg fegr ^ocwg (1887- 

94 ?)■.) gw fet?gw gw 1- fepjf 1 feu feg m 
gg g gfeg jfeT fwi yfelw ?w ugfe^ feg e 
fesfegfe et gfegw $r? uifet w gi57T effer 1 fegg 1 
grw, 1897 g" 1902 gu >MHgfer gt srM gr 
uifegg fdd 1 1 ufeig gg 1 ?! feg ggfe feg 

^Hvidlot* MonTufeHTfet ggn feg Hugrfet irug ggg 
g mfe g gg g uh cw wi feg 1919 feg feg g 
fegfefeig HeSdw g wg fe nfete 1 g feg 1- ! gg 
1921 feg feg f gw w uffeg >HHgtofe grfetow 



fegdd srfe 1 ' fe?>F 1 ufeg fegg gcr feg gfet gfe g 
wfw gt gfet Mgr sw feg ggggt gi wiw gT 
HHfert g gg fegpg few ggg ?ro feg g 
wfefe Irugggg gfegg fggorg orfe 1- fgp>ri 
d'rH g 1924 gl\ feg fecr >nfHul mh<v ug offet feg 
feg wgtsr g fetgw^ 3" ggg g gg feg ggrfeg 1- 
uujg ugg gggg g feg g y?>g ggrfeg srgg H'd 
dtfefe gtl ‘ggj ^ ggy 
wfer ugg fe ggr fe>>g ug feg few feg? g 
wfeg WH 675 " gt gfw jfef gr hw gg gt gtl 
w, d'Hddugt ongfeg fegg (1925-29 gt.) >nutg 
fei-d'Hddifet g wg 3 ?t ffeg 1 fer 1929-32 gsr 
feg fediAd feg wgtgr gr ggrgg fegri gg 1932 
feg gg^fe gggr feg feg wuggg g ygddig*' mf 
wrafer ?w »rfe>)F w ggif 3 gi - ug?t fe >Hggfe T 
g g feg K 3 - Her g ergg feg gg fePH 7 1 

fer 1925 feg wr S' gg ww ggggg ?w 
gfe gg 3 gfe^ ffetggg yggu'd uggr oteTtgpjri 
feg g Hdc 5 « g 1- gfe gg (1921), Tiggfej gfetg 

Qgttfe (1935) w g gggg- hf? gugggg (1939) 
?ggt yggfe g 1 - ggg 1 " ?t fe 1 

feggtiig 23 w, 1951 §-fe#?w feu ggti 

g.y-^tg. fe. w. 3: 406 

FfeT, 3 KS" : mvfgfeT g feg yCjdi'dHU 
ggfefgiwt g 1- ggg 20 gawt, 1871 3 ngwifeg 
ggr (g. g. m.) wgg feu gfeur 1 fegfe uyg 7 ro 
feg gt ggut w gt gggg g gfe sffet ug 

ugug r feurgfe T gifeggfe?fe>FigoFffg>H3'g T g' 
ytsfedfHdl 3 fgfuur yngg offgti feg 1896 fegiit. 
w. st. gt fsSdidl gurw cw §ugg 1898 3 1924 
dc< feg <e>-ittOf [ 77 yrtfedTHdl feg HSfefePW g 7 
uffewigr feg 7 ! H*fefdiw gt fere 7 1929 fe. 
feg feg 3 feg fegggtfgfg ?7 mfe ftfevng jtrog 
fe gt fear 7 fet gfet fere 7 g 7 ^fetfegg gg 7 fgfe 7 
fePH 7 1 feg 1936 feg w-Horg gg gg feg feg mgg 
3 fef ggg 7 feg 7 1 

wr 3 H^ut uiu gt u ^3 gg ggu 3 gt sw t 

77^13 Uf3 fdd'dd o{d* ?fet dfoindHcdf cTfet fecT 
ggg iwfew feg gt feg fe nst gfeott feg fer oftgt i 
feg gt feg ug 3 ufew Hn'd-yu hft gufem 7 §" 
yfwr g3 ffet mH3t yu feg ^gfeurfewi 

feg 3 few 7 33 T 3 W 5 W 3 g gfeg- 
%uf 3 Hcr yw g 7 ?t uifew eftd 7 feg feg feg 3 
wugg g fed'H'dHcr ffeg 7 3 gwfeuf 7 ! feg gy 1- 
wty 3 uf 3 feg gtur 7 5 g uidHy ? 1 g fep>F 3 feg 
ire 7 oftg 7 ! feg gfer yfgcr du* 1 ?' gt wt>wt;- 




60 



nre, feretwn fdQdd 

bii/tHOT Wn fijfwr llfefereret (1927) W sT. 
d'Od tS 1 W cTf5oT felt f tft cfefeUT ,d‘d Wl dl 1 al dl ’ 
(193DU77I8 now, 1942^^^Href%y-feHetH3- 
3" d 1U f I 

CT. y- nte-. nfvf. 9 : 232 

fl&l'HH IdOdd : fen fen nfeidtT 
untrelre 1- nt Itttt re grew refew - ntw ferefeTi 
tw T fen 1 ' wre rerfrew nt rereinret ureter wire frereture -1- 

*v s 

H^Ul^UnjB-of^lfOT^lTlTK 19 HW, 1799 

£ ren 77 fere refewi fere re di'dddl nt fwrefet ren 
n^reren nre fegnyre feu urerfere offet wre ww fere 
fen urentre ureret nre femri nre 1829 fen ferere 
reaicrfere fen wrenreorreor fen fen fferft fererere 1 
wren offet fere ferere 200 refew nt yrefere nfet 1 
nre 1839 fen refre fere r , retnre mare, rerere fen 
few iteaw re 1- to resffew 1 fen ir rewrn ferere 
1844 fen tre fen arere 5dn fen, isso fere 
-d'refdarad't fen re 1857 fen nrererere fen font 
ferererefe - rereoire Itretwi rere 1850 fen fen n 
Hfend n cfW gre (Crepe ring) nt UrT oftnt WET 1857 
fen fen re renreure n 1 " ?nre tfe 1- Ifuwi Hnre nitre ret 
relrere, 1854 nt refreret (nn rereret rerere wre fen nifre 
few? nnt ft) n 1 " nun nt rent ferere fewre Itre - 1 rere 
1855 fen d^fere nfenrentere remferet gnfere rerere 
re 1- rererer inure fere 1- wre 1865 fen fefere rere'fefe n 
In refew few 1 rerereir tfure fen |fere n re 1- It fen 
re re 1- &ure refew few nt 1 

15 rerefet, 1868 §" nrererere - feu fere fe rere re- 
did! 1 

3\y.->*t?r. fe. H 1 ". 3 : 406 

sS'idtt : fen yfererew fen unu nt re fenf 
rerfet fere 1- fen ynnr nfen re ferere 1- rewrerfetfe refere 
n ntre Ire 11 .24 fer. nt. nt gret re nfere nn re ifere 
nw fn llw nfenr n 1 ?rnfe n wr nnre nn n 
ufere 6yd re rererere 1- unre arere n 1 " h 1 <i fen refere re 
nrere nfenn 1 ?iw re fen nfen mfet fe re nn frenF 
wre fin fer cire afere re hw rere w few 1 refere rere 
y J 1 nn gre gyn n 1- fen rennn crnn It fdo 1 1 y 1 9m 
fen fennt ww nunrer nun ufn nfet 1 fen nre Int 
yw fen nfenr yfe fennre retre 1- nfe 1- n 1 

fei 1875 fen fen nfen n rere renfeftfe 7>nfen 
re ferefe fen nfen fen fe^wre nvfet nt ngnj?n 
ifetninti 

29 0 34' ■§-. fen. ; 70° 24' u. ren. 

u. y.-feu. 31. fen. 11. 123 



sTid'«l Gh'K : fen H T nfet pngrenn n 1- nren 
9 nre, 1909 re Qt^dl irnp-re n yp^Rnfet uteomn 
fen nwnft fen nfenri fen n 1- fere 1 " fen nnn 1 - 
fentnnnin 6tnfe r 6 nt 1 fen nn fern gnnnfenvr 
win gnr nt nferaor »p^ T n ffefenn 1 fen re gn 

n nmn nt nun ntQrenn' nnt nfnret n 1- nnt nnt 




irynl §n T n 

frefyreorare^ifeHfennfend^'fedl renfentHfe- 5- 
wfenn n nnfW nn fe relt ut^t re fegrefer sffefe- 
re wfefen nn fnfe 1 - nt t npnretnp" frenre 1 " fen fenre 
»wre Hfeorn ?nre ntfen §n fefenp- §■ w efenni 
nfe fen nt»r frenre 1- wn nw fnfet n fen'nn 1 
s/dldf untnr nre un fen It fen wire nre-dn renor 
nfet nnnn nti ferenfar >Hfentw an?rfe- nn nn 
nfenfetw It nre fenfer nre 1 

fen n 1- ufere 1- rereret nnifn ‘grere - ’ (1936 nt 
n^fetrefetn nt»ran )ntnn?nrefen ntfennnret 
nt nre n 1- ire 1- renre 1- lifern fe»mnTnn fen n 
nrreu uren - fen Ifw tf nsre 1- n 1 rennw - rent fen 
nt nre 1- unr cfnre fen nunt nt 1 nwret reucp" fen 
l^re fen re nt nu nnre (1941-45) wrret nfenn 
gjrer nrefer nrerefe - tin Itntw - 1 fefe (1945; 
nwnt nren) fen nt wfnnt 3 n?n n fen fen d <? 1 fe J 1 
creretw $ renre nt ?fet nret fen un retn ffew n 1 
'Tsugaru' (1944) n T fenfenntnnn?utw r dn?nn 
S fen n hot wmre nt |u/t nnrerent nem’fre gret 
Mndi'd nt 1 fen ntw - gu ftfe" ntw nnrefe - 'Shayo' 

(1947) ‘Biyon no Tsuma’ (1947) ‘Ningen 

Shikkaku’ (1948) nre fefe- nnire^n tTnrere Itre re 
ntn - ! 

13 tjre, 1948 ^.fenwreWTO'ffeOT 

nre 1- ?nnre fefeufet 5 fen nt I 1 ? I - snpEt re wbh 
nfew cm rent i 

U. y.-afe-. fe. H 1 ". 3 : 410 



61 



fez 



wf feaw, %»rat :feTO?- 

ufetr feynOZZ 7 ?! Fft fHdd 1 1913 Z 1921 it. zzzr 
iddifiy! zzztztyidi^'il zzz 7 fez 7 nrz fez ^ 
§z z 7 uzz tfezt zfeyf 7 1 fen z 7 zzh 12 >hzizz, 
1856 z mrz fez z 7 ocd* 1 fey zfe»ri hz 1892 
fez Z]fe feZ’ZT fez Witz Hcfed Irtyofd Zfefe 7 feZ 
1899Ht.fezfeHfed'dl Z 7 i?fezyzfeR>f 7 l d'lHcSldl 

fez ofefz-H 7 zfe z zit feitz z T zz T fez hzz zfe 
uz fez z y^zz fez z 7 z 7 irzit W5t zzz z 

fefetz fez yfe Z 7 zt ZZZ 7 fez tzt ZZZt Z ZZ 
ZZZ fez ZZZ zfe»fe 1 fez Z Z T fe»f 7 Z WfeZZ 7 >HZZ 
zt irrz 7 >hz w z zzzrz zz zzut few srar'fy'Ti 7 1 
ZZ 1902 fez fez fc»Z HZZt Z 1907 it. fez 
WZfeZ Z 7 HfeZ zfewi fez Z 1 6 FTO' feW 1913 
fez >8*2*16 hz iz izzit zt nrarsfil ffet fe*z‘d 

ofdrt ^Udd , si '£ >8Z yi*2c3lG (itlc< 'd ZfeZ HZZZ 
ZZ ZZZ 7 cTZdfeffe" UZZt ZZZ ZWZZ Z zfet I 

zz 1915 ^fwmizzwizH^ferw 
fez zt wTzfet uz ufzzt iit zzr fezz zz zuz z 

feZUZ fzzitzz zftPZ 7 >ZZ fez Z ZZTZZ Zt Z^f- 
zuz>y zt fez feurfet z fir fez ferzfzQ*1zd 
zirfirz zuz zt ferrzz z fzzt i zz 1917 fezzzz 
ZiZZW ZZ fez fez UZZ KZZt ZfefW I fez ZZ fez 
Z UTiUZZ, ZZZZZ Zffe y.dl'^d ’ll 1 fZ Z cry U'6<£ 

ffet zfeu 7 *z zzzz 7 nrzzfet zz z hz zu fzzfer f 
zz 1920 fez fez zfeft <?'d iz #H? ZfeZZ 7 z 
HZZZ-ZIZZZ zt ZZUJZ 7 zfet z zzuiffe uzzt 
fez ZZZ 7 zuz zzt yzt ZZ zfet >HZ ZZZTZ feZZ 7 
z zz ufez z zzz fez rfeT fewi fez zuz 8 
ZW , 1921 f HZfZZ fez fez ZlUTt Z fez f HZ Z 
utz§z t z1zz 7 i 

y.-^fz. fe. W, 3 : 897 

si'cSdH, szfer oj'dcsle^wr ^zzyzt z fez 

Wf fefZRZfet Z 7 rTcTZ 27 KZt, 1818 Z *ltld«'si fez 

fezzuzT fez zfeijf 7 1 fez y<c<d fez few uzrz 
sraz zziz iz fez hzzz hzt fepiri fer 1847 fez 
yfezz fey fez Hzfa-ffpn 1 fe Pdiwr z 7 utza - feyzz 
zfe»ri fez z 1852 z z t ’hz yfy fefepifz z yzz 
fez Hd'dd ZZIZ zlzt ftTZ Z 7 HZZ fez jfet 'Muscae 
Volitantes (1847), ZZlft ffeZZ ZZ 7 Zt ’iffeZlIZ 7 yfZ 
>HZZZZ fezz wifet ZZZ (1848), cTZTfey 7 zt yzz 
HZrftzt (1848), yffezfeuf felifet (1858), ztzUT 

fzzzt ( 1862 ) yfZ fzzzt feyzz 7 ( 1862 ) srz fetz 

yfftwz ?ZZ Z I fez ZZPZ 7 foyt zfet “The Anomalies 
of Refraction and Accommodatian" cTHt UZZof 1864 

fez fezTZz fey ijcrfez zzt i yzcrz fey 24 zzz, 
1889 z fez zt ZZ Z gfet I 

O', y.-’rtz. fe. 7 : 582 



3 T 3 T : ZZ 7 z yzz fez fez fez HOZ-yZZ^Z 
zfez zt fzuzt fe 20 it zzt z zz fez ?zz sraz 
faffed, feQM'ddi, yd fez, tzz, uz?z yfe Crfez 
fez izt Zt I fez ZlZZ Z 7 Z 7 iZiT 7 fe^ 1 fePH 7 , fez ZZ 
iy iy uz i ?zz uzzz fezz fecwz i9i6zt. 
fez zz zz^z srzwz 7 zt faflzz fey z ozt fez 
Htfezr fez fez fe zfezzz 7 zt wrzrfeyr fepn 7 zt 

ZZ“ fec( ZZZ-ZZZZ fecTZTTZt fez ZfyW feyf 7 feoT 
UUZ zfefe ZTZ 7 (ZZ'Ztzt' ZZF fez fez Z 7 >HZZ Z 
zzztz ufe 7 ) zzz iz fezz 7 zzz 7 fewt Izz 7 ! 
zz^'z 7 z §z oizu §■ yruzfef 7 yzz-wz fezzt 

f^Z 7 Z 0Z UZTZ c!Z?r Vztiz 7 HdZTZZt>7Z zzt fez Z 7 
ZZ 7 Zofe" Z’fePH 7 I 

fez zfez Z 7 ZZ .dd'Hlzt feddd'd HZZZ fZ 7 
(Marcel-Duchamp) Z 1913 fez yflfet ffTZ ZZZ 
ffe yz ife y'ylfHdw ftz z^ »rzz ifet i feQfdd 
^fel fzfyrw fez it HZZ >HZ zifez fuzfetiH 7 ^ZZT 
ZZ’cT’Z sOd 1 ^ddifer HddldZblf 7 fez ZZf ZZ I © <*3 1 
Z 291 'zt yzfetfe ZZ ZZ1ZZT ; >HZ 'fzf - TO Z’Z 7 ' 

zzzftyf 7 yz3^z it ucrfzz ifetyri fef 7 zityr 
zzzizHtyz z 7 fzzzv yzzz gzz wz z feyfz $ 
zfe zzt ZZ?Z J# I fel 1917 fez w zfez. zzfzz 
it fzzfet Zfet I Od fez <Ud oTZcT Iwzt ddl<£ z 
zfetifzz c<z»crd' z 7 yfirz few Oz zzz z 7 fez 
fezyz zzr zt fzz fez iy iy zfe zN 7 iz-z 7 zy i 

z uz 7 zzz ^zr ztz 7 zfefefe zzi 

cTZWZ UZtZoT ZZffeH 7 Z^TZ 7 it HZ 7 Z ZZ fe^Z 
ZZ 1 tTZZZt Z ZZ 7 fezz 7 fez it ZTZ 7 yci'HTZi' ufe 
fez yrOz zzt ifetyr 1 

ufez fez ^z 7 zfez ^zz srzi yfddd zziz z 
zfet UZ 1922 Z HZTZ fez zfez Z 7 ZtT UfZZ ?feT 
jw >HZ fez zizu z 7 twz uzitozzzz iz z 
fzTyriz^zfezz 20 itZZtztZZTGfeZZZfUF 
yz^irfeyri 

O. y.-’jfe. fe. VZ. 3 :341 ; >fe. WT. 8 : 390 ; nfe. 

6:31. 

: feZTZsT Z 7 fez ZfZfe 7 Z” frTZZ 7 UTTfetZ 
uzzz-zfet fez 460 Ht.ztfzfetzfzzzz 7 zifez 
zyfet M'dzfzz z fur z iz-iz zfe iz z yzz fez 
zz 7 zfe»r eitzz zfez iz zt zuri rfetz-fezz 7 ? 
fezfesrz z yzz fez znyz zz 7 zi fez fez wjz 7 
zy Ofed-yzz ?z zzz 7 z z z’ttzhzz itz zz fez 7 
zifezyrzfeHzt^^z^zfetzfeztznffe no 
fer.wt.z 7 uzzfe zzz §yzzzjztz hzz z fed Gd 
zfefe 7 fez z 7 fkzz 7 z 1 

55° 37' §■. fez. ; 1° 2 ' U. ZZ. 

O. u.->>lz. fe. tT. 4 : 170 




sJ'rt : Hci y fey afaM 7 S' Prid3' fey a 

ffyat yaat yaT fey yaw S' i fey afeM 7 yfys at? 
— •> 

Ud^d 1 atM 7 «»'<£' fey Prtcfrtt! 1 a M3 U Port 1 afaM 7 
‘yt’aHK 1 3dd'Ua^f^^Myfea aO^f^yS 
yfaySM 132 fy. Ht, yuyyMyayffeayMWsfl* 
a HW3 y 1 §yat hw fey y feary S' i yy a fuas 
faff fey sfet Uafet ?Tff fey fee- M 7 t asa U3 1 3fet 
gat fey m 7 y fey y yyiy feytyas S' yy S' i fen 
yya f ?a Oyt cffyt Wet ft y fap-uf yt its fey 
yy i ms dsJl 3 yfaa w fes 7 Pgy%St fen afaM 7 a We 
y fey Sa ^uy nfod a i 

57° 15' §\ f?¥.; 2° 40' U. SW 
ar.y.-fete. f % h 7 . 4 :170 

ss '<5 : yytM3 gau a 7 fear afaM 7 feaSt fH 
feM 7 ffa-fytM 7 fey hw a any fey yyHHdfeny 
yfaa a yaaty afe y 7 a fear Ife ferS n^-dsHd P^S 
fyysy S' i fear afaM 7 dMdlys atfet fen 7 fey y PJy 
SfeM 7 i,87ofy. at. ?sw 3 m yyyftwyMfefe 
hw W d'dicSddi tret fey w PsJaiP 1 ai are ay y 
fear fefyyyy, nayayas uytywy as-yyar S' i 
saafew 7 fey, few, fya M3 fafey fen feM 7 aa 
yy feM 7 M3 taya, 9w M3 htoj fen a ysf fey 
atM 7 Hanfear yatM 7 ay i Mafe P^ti fey yaat arr 
feM^^swayafefeyyyreya^yfay S"M3 fey 
ua a Pssdced£> fen - fey m 7 y yyt 6 fy. at. yy aat 
S' aret S' 3 fey Hfe'PMHa as-yyy fey ytrs Sy 

Olfey HS-fya 156 fe. SWy 38.4 fe. fe. ay 3 

3 fey a yr r y 7 feys 7 yyT Hyfty a i fey fear 
as-fya afaM 7 a Mars' ya 7 ^ 3 ys-w sai'ya 
fey fear aw 7 y fern srafe fen fyy fey yM 7 -yMfet 
sfe yyyd'csl HHfey dlXitPl S"i 

M'ds( f%y si ^6 y 7 ^u'G ya.y ^fea' fyaya - uy 
fe i yfaMfet Hfes fee 1 yy3 nfe yferr ws y Mfey 
hw f?y uuyy arfyy yy i yfaMW yffea yfarMW 
sa' fyrr 7 yafei' yy 7 y jar M3 few yy 7 yas ?w 
yya yi Sss m fey feyfet sfe rafya 7 y 7 are - 

fefeM 7 SfeM 7 Sr i yfeM 7 y 7 tsa 7 >fet yy?> sfe W3 
ytsfea y i wy y hhk yaw afer fey Mfyy rwra 
3 1 990 Ht. yy yararafet S' nyyt S' i ferr y yy ^y 
ofet ^ytM 7 ty aarai 7 ana i 

47° 30' f. fey. ; 40° 30' U. S3, 
a. y.->?ra. fe. h 7 . 4 : no 

felFTt dfelcsfdo; fefeTtyaHSfy 

fey yyara y 7 aw is Myyw, 1758 3 yaaarw 
fey SfeM 7 ! fey y 7 fey 7 fafenwaT y fe^y y 
Myyw fey 3ya yf i fe^y 3 fey yyM’y ysyy j 
y3 1780 fey Hdddi'dd y yafef yars 3 ^ yan^y sat 



feyyy yfyi fea 1783 3 1 1785 yy fey 3 Ofay y 1 
M3 fea ay fey fefw wuy yfyf 1 Sy fey fea 1790 
yy faar M3 cay-ys 7 ^^^^ 3 1 gy^ u^fey SfeM 7 1 
fey fea yaaaraa yay MlaM 7 ! Myrs Mtffas 40 
rys fey 3 yy ya y yaaanaa fey at feyfe 1 fey 3 
yyyfet y Olya M 3 hSs yt mw flsat y 
yfeaarw fiawry yty 7 feiM 7 1 feaafeMy fesayar 
y pyy yt 1 fey afet wfe afe fesa M 3 arsy y yfe 
yy fey yfM 7 ^OPm 7 fey 7 fea 1 yy afe aw fey y 
fesw fey ytM^ Hans fey 7 fey atrr-Hyfe y yy 
Phh fey 3 M 3 ys sarfe, yartyy T a feyaa 
featyw arsy y w yy M 3 'Ariadne' (1806) y 
yy hms ana 1 fey 3 yat yat ysvnftaM 7 faiM 7 1 

fey feyy-oiSTTcffe'td gaTyfM t ys 7 -wwfe' 
at tyrrlaM 7 cffyf 1 fey afen 7 fey 7 ^y wHddl nst 
at ufetray 7 M 3 atyfet ys 7 y r^y hOhs 3 w 
M rffe 7 S"i fey fe ury m 3 frsat y wya-uraat 
yyyyay sferts 3 'Hyperion' fea yfy S' 1 

8 yyw, 1841 3 yaaaaaa fey fey at H3 S' 

afet 1 

a. »fe. 8 :462 fe; tff. »far. 6 : 80 ; >>t 3 . fe. 

7 : 58 

3 %, iTfeT : fearsa a fey yyt M3 wat y 
aw Sh 3 yyfsy htHtm 7 a ura 1572 at, fea S33 
Hpod feO SfeM 7 r fey y ftryfey MHita yaat rft fey 
at vf Mfsata arfy fey aaayya at yt yt 1 




y* si'* 



fea 1584 fea fea anaa aaa M r yyaay fea 
yas SfeM 7 ! fey 1 1592 fea fea fsys ffea fea 
ot 7 ^ ^ fefeM 7 aory yay satfaiMMMaryy, 1596 
fea fey 3 aa aw ataaay y yyya ftagyy cffy 7 
faiM 7 1 

fey atM 7 a yfeyfe - ‘at 3 ?^' M 3 ‘at ynf' 
ya ?aas Oddoi >dt atM 7 ufeu ©awa 7 ary 1 




63 



bhhu, 1601 fgB fen £ etddSB fe - fbM >*fB 
HU cS'rt BUf gif f^fU Bdg' fWM 7 ItiH HUB fell B 
BHfeSHtuf^fuiMnffeTBffeTHTOHBSHTr# 
tub 7 fw i b feu 7 ub b feu b ufutut b fus Hf 
uutui 

feH Bt HF B ddil oifed 1 fgMHT fug" Ft - folft 
Ufet I feF BfgB 7 eUgrGB HUt BUt HUT MOfB Wf 
’HF mfjb fHBfe b uu hub ?fet feus 7 Ht I MTUBfM 7 
<j'dH^ <£i^w' b Hdd) b fen b mrtb cfuhb dfld 1 

(1607-13) fgB fgMBB offer U - 1 

•Wl o*Wl Hdl fed for utM 7 Hfed'g' hub' ufntf 
UUtMH Iffes feug fetf MB UTT feng gif fedof'd 
MHutn 7 b feuiAF' fe^ fout BfgB 7 b feu Bt huh 

BUfr fglffef f^ & I M^ UBH 7 Bfe B 7 feH Bt 
g'UBB Ut H# HUBgyUB U I UUH W HHUt fen fe - 
UHBB 'Devotions upon Emergent Occassions' 1624 
fgB UcHfed UUt I 

31 HW ; 1631 B WFB f^ feH Bt HB S' ufet I 

U. u.-vfc, fe. 7 :586 ; 4fe. MVf. 9 : 259 

^7) |Wj : feu Gfef BBBBB ifefeHU B 7 
feB H1TB SW U ffeUB 7 feUH ¥ ftfoB 7 B feB TEUcf 
B ^ITfeB HI feH§ ufefft 15 FUgUt, 1665 B 
trfeH fey - ufeM 7 feTM 7 ! fen fgB ifestBu b bbu b 7 
US MB 7 oftB 7 MB §HB §UBH r BHH WU Bt fe B 
Bfd3U fUBUB §B HU fgB 7 Ul feH fgBS FS 
feHHT HU 7 BHU B MHIUBU 7 U UU FU gt tEB feSUB 
B HF^ MB HHHUtMU B feMfet gfeT feu gf 
MafetM 7 HUBS 7 MS fUHS STUB BUHH 7 B HU SB 7 
Ul gU gU UHUT 7 eMEU 7 HSfefe B 3% fHfB B 
Ufddd B HUt |U fgB fuPBB Ut Bfeu fetst UlfeU 
ferau ME-ISt dfel B HUfUHt cV rt ffeMUTB 7 fUd'lliM 7 
felM 7 U, fofB HBcftuS BS B Swlnf 7 ds/fuf 7 BFH 
feHof ofUB 7 felffeyf 7 fePH 7 ferB Unj^rfl' FU HUB 7 
?UB §H glFUt 1 $ UtH 7 fBB 7 !T frTHB 7 fu BBBB TT, 
fed IffUB 7 HfnjB flfB 7 Bt y-fgfePtf 7 ctdd 1 U MB 
HMiB fetj MFJBtM 7 dddd' Hd'dO B 7 IfiT BUB 
MTOB unfefeB UU gUT 7 BUB 7 U UU FU Wt §U HB 
UHB fgB dfdd 1 U, F 1 ^ F’BM 7 B rtWB'dd 1 U, dfe 
WUB H'frtM 7 ?FB BBfet BUB 7 9", ?U Gh § UH B 7 F 
U ; B 7 H^ B 7 MB ?F HB^ B 7 1 UlUBl' fuet BHU 
BBU UBt BUB 7 U H MFJB HF5B BtM 7 UUBB 7 B 
fetUB 7 cS'W BtfB UU But g ( d FUB FUB fedlt UUTU 
BUB 7 O' HU Gd B SF B TPS’ BUt BB gt f^lPU Adi 
UfeM 7 MB FBT BM^B B BUB fgB tPS H>f ^H B 
MFJSt BifirU B 7 Ut feBU U I FUUftFft JiPUt BUHB B 
HBoPdl MB IfUF" §lfU HWtBU Ufet oftB UTU g’U 7 B 
BFfHB BIB 7 1 feH But HUfe 1 feH B'UB fgB HU 7 BUH 
UgUfM 7 gUB 7 B UH BtB 7 fUTM 7 UU 1847 Ut. B fUU 



F'BddfeHU 

feH BBiB B HBtBU B feB MBTFU Ut UfFM 7 rl 7 feu 7 
Ul 

U. U.-’JtB. MVt. 9 : 251 

^TT (^>H1T FTBH) BffaoTH : i-fUHBt B 
feH B'gWBB ; Bgt, B'6At)'A MB fefBUWU B 7 
BBH 9 FUgUt, 1834 B UHHUUT Hfeu fgB UfeM 7 1 feH 
B feQfBB MB HUfeB IgB fefBHFt MB B^BB Bt 
fgfBM 7 ITUB Btdt MB feg 1 fef fcTB fgy UFHU BUT 
fUTM 7 ! 




StfeoTH FBU 



BHJB HHUt feH B BUt UH3B 7 felffM 7 UU feH 
Bt gUU UfHUt feH B fefdd'HB MB UfeBB A'gB' 
BUB U Fh O' fed 'Die Koniga der Germanen 1 (11 
fdttd 1 ’ 1861-1907) MB 'Ein Kampfum Rom’ (4 
fi-IBB 7 , 1876-78) HUB HUBgUUB UB I 

feUB B feH Hd'O B 7 UtT fed feH Bt Udcsl B 
feH Bt HUB Hd'fed 1 Btut I feHB g'UBB MB BfgB 7 
BtM 7 gt But UHSB 7 felffM 7 I feH BtM 7 BUfetM 7 MB 
BfgB 'g' B 7 feB HUTfe 21 fBBB 7 fgB UB'fHd 
UfeM 7 ) feH Bt BfgB 7 Ud'feot otHg' §B M 1 U'fU'd 
^fl fet^ 7 fed' 'Elerald and Theano' (1854-55) MB 
'Die Amalungen' Q"dH Hdfe'fe UB I 

2 iTA'gdl, 1912 B HH«.'Q fgd feH Bt HB U 

UTUt I 

F. u— 4 : 230 ; g. >?tB. 5 : 430 ; ^t?T. 
Wt. 8 : 395 ; ^tB. fe. 6 : 696 ; >>iB. fe. H 7 . 3 : 346. 

iF'cSdd'oii-fe : feu fB^ felBt Bt 1FUM 7 Wt 
fgB HfHB feB Btlf U B fef" feTBf B yUHt. feu B B 
B gfeFd UU BB-FHU B ITU, BUS UUHt feB 
Hd'H'dld fgB H T 75H 7 B H T UIU BB gfeM 7 U I UHHBt UU 
B 1 feu UU feBB H fenfUBU B 7 fUH 7 UB I ffef fgfe 
iBUHBfe, UUUFHB, UJFMBF, HBUUM 7 MB FH 




'S T 3Z r 3, H'drt td'oi 



64 



fey 3771 fefe fefe feyr larfeyF 83Tfe 
7783 efeyy efeyy u?7i ffefe feyy fWefyy e?7 

>83 oTHt efefe fe ffefe 500 3 2400 Hf. 354 fefe 
3 1 efefelFe 1 " 5473 833373 3,142 3. fe. fe. 3 1 fefe 
felT 1 " 3 8f373 r 81373 feo( .Sd'J-flJil Hd'8d'c7 d dfe 
38733fe83 3 1793 fe. fee few 1 " fe >83 §3 3 
8883 fe 3- fe fefe W 73 fef fefe I fefe 3t>fe 33- 
>i33f §113# efe fe§" ?8fe>873 54fet 8P33 r fee ife 

fee 1 " 471 

wwt - 40,742 (1980) 

9° 40' 3. fee. ; 151° O' U. 38. 

3 . y.-yfe. fa. vr. 4 : 18 

, Wtt Wc[ : for gefetfe grgtopgl 
73)33 >83 §V-c(c!l 3 1 " 8 Wd 1 5Tf I feH §" .dd'H 3 fe<T- 
U3lff 383 W 3V3 7 ffee 7 " 3 33fe fee Ufafe 313333 
38T TUFfere 54377 ?83f 88" 3T33 fe ffej 7 " Hfe 7 " 31 
sJ'2S<d r cS W 3778 26 >33333, 1759 §" yffafe 83 §8 
fey 4338 377335 3 fe54 354)73 3 UJ3 3feWI 

5T877 fey Hyrt fe 8^'8l 54377 §833 1784 fe. fe3 
fe8 3 3tH3 3 cT^-fef3»r fe fe3lfe 1883 fefe 3 
ufcT3t?o( I B3WMl 

tjrt'yl , 1789 fee <od'H fe y 'dl MM3 33" 88 
ffej cedfoStfld fdHfectd 3 frrfeoT dl'dfe fe3 ffWT 
fefeH 7 " >43 M543H3 fee ffelfefe? W 18877 33 f3T»f I 
33 1790 fe3 »8Ufe fenfdoR 3 §3 3 tF3f llfefe ' 
3 Frf333T <533 fSH <3 54738 883 3 1 3feKt>>f33 73 33 
feoT >8HHl3Hc5 eefeie sfffe I 5777 1791 fee fee Offer 
ffel'ddHfe 3 1 " 8W'Hc< efefa 7 " f3P>T I fffe 8733" fe 3F 
S33 fe 3H3 1 " §833 U3 7 " 38 8543 3337 sP7>feA e 7 " 
73 fefe54 7 fe 3fe3 fe3 5nfet ^3f3>J3 1 54fe U3tH?3 
333fe- 3 3373 3^3 T f3T»3 U3 335337 3377 73 3 
H3" few I 33 fe3 f3F3 H3 f53t fej CffdF sFW >53 
fciP>3 3 1791 3t. 3 3H33 H3fe fe3 ufdTT 3fef77 3 
Hd3'3t 3cffe 3 T H33 mfeH33 3fe»3 fe»3l fe7 
1792 fe3 §3 3>ft H33 33^7 33 3 USPH 

fe33 TfeT 3 1- nR3?7 33 f3T»3 fe, 3 r ?73 i 77 3 

377-#JW3W^>HW33f33 r l 18 377 3 fofe 
3 r 3H T 3 3 5W333 t >>333 nfyfewfe 3t TT’fefeH 
?33 3377 H33t §3 fefu 33 733 [ 10 >33133, 1792 
3t KSWt 331^3 fe3 f33-U33t 33T 3 r 3tr33 
UH3fe3 fe3 sTfe 3U33 3U fe3 TO3 3 1 " 77^ ?fef 
113 fe3 3t 33fCF3t 3 T <333^ fe3 t 

3 t 3 T 3 1 

7 WW, 1793 3 3'77377 3 3F¥3T 3333 3t 
Ufeffl' U3ff73 333t 333t 3 T H33 Srfe^l for 3337 
f333 1 3 T 3fel t 3 H3 T H HfefeT 3t»T 3333 53377 
Hdcl'dl H3M fetJ f23 3t 3U cil dl >33 >333-333" 

3^Tfe^3tl>>i35'fe33 [d 1.433 333 ^’'Jfe'dT 



f<fyQ*» 3 >33r U3 sffe 1 " fePH 7 " >83 5 Wte", 1794 J 

ufer fey for §- 33 k f33t 313 )" 1 

3. y— >>t3. fy. H 1- . 3 : 878; ^t?7. Wl. 8 :491 

5'cS 5«S : fer fe33t 3T f33 y3377 ^TIT 3 

mHfe 1437337 3 I fer 3 1 " fef33H W3T4dr 3lfef H3t 

3 33 t[W 3 1 33 3K331 833 3 W3 W ilft 33 

03 1 H3 dlydf 3^ 4p6H 3 felT 837337 <7 3t Hddd 1 

3313 oit3t I fePTF^t H3t ^3 fe3 cTfet >MKt3 9" f^W 

Fftl fe3 33 fe 12 H3t fe3 333 »f3 H33 3 

H333833 3>" ^ fe3 Wfefe37 33 felW 5# I 

ffeT 837337 3 33 W 33733 tH-U3 (tfen 3 

HfHHddd 3t 833t) 3 33 37 I fe3 Ufew 8f3 

H3 3 HHU3 >83 8333^377 fe>83kt 8(773fe J# frT3 

3t H3 1205 3t. fe3 33l'l 5^7 1192 fe3 33t feH 3^ 

33 H>T 833 fe3 85 WW 3 1 " 3T f?3 fe3 3 mfe 

3f33 3 fdd' 3t dfet Wdl Ut3773 fe3CT 833 333t 

>83 f3H3 7733 353873 3t3 r l 33 833 30" fe3 fel 

833 HH33 7^33 ffl" I f53 3t 53133 UW "83t >83 Ua 1 ^" 
“ — •» 

3 T 31" >8H3 Fft fe fel 833-38" 5r773Z773t?7§83 3 
fecfy 33 ffer 333 1204 kt - . fe3 54773 dkdlis- 

§83 3fe3n" fe^fl 38 833- 38 3 fefe>T 3 fe3 
W31*! 33T Hgrllra" 5fl3 T l §3 3^33 feff 3 8 T 33 T 3 
3 T 83 3 f33 83 fe3 3 feTT^ 543 fe^l fe3 ^ 
tfe8 Tfet 33T 3 33 ftjH" 3 38" 833 8313 8377 fee 
333 3 f3P8 r f33 fe3 >838 'Til 83, 383t >83 

>8 l «l§cSl>877 3fe 3t W 833t 8337 J# ! feH 7787 U33l 
H8^33t/f-H8" 3^3T3t 833 fe3 tf778 fe3 U?W3l 
3H33 32^31" >83 §8f?7tHt 3543)" 83 f3T8TI f§3 
3>f vikfefel 33733 (33-83 1280-1288 &.) 3 
tfee w ffer >833" feyfayy 33 al33 ynfet hxt- 
54fet 533-8543 3t fW3 S33 343 8^ I 

43%fe 38733 (33-83 1332-1339 3t.) 7 
W 833t et fel 8 543t, ^373 i 

H^Wrldl 837337 3 33 3 tf773 t H543 5433 T fe>8 r 
Wfet 38733 (33-83" 1343-1354 3t.) 3 §8" H> 
8f33 3 1 " fej 83 JTsyfcyr 33 8f33 3 |337, 833 
>83 8f3fe54 833 3 Utf38y 3138F 8ftl feff 3 33>8 
fe38" fdo( fe>8f33 R3 T 8t f53t >83 33 feyy I fU8" 3^ 
fbr 8'743'(S' 3 t§78 3 333 >83 833 ffel" 33 548 

H3338377 fe>85f3t Cr? 7 " 54t§| f§8 3 833 83 34 
U'rt <98l H333y377 > 80 ^ 8 83 3 377 1 

3. y.— ' ^77. fy. H T . 3 : 873; >?T?7. >HVf. 8 : 480 

3feT-**dHlG, Sl'y'dlwft : fzzvt 3 fe 
3# 3" 8778 12 833, 1863 3 8864 3 1 ' 3 fe3 M>ft 
fevrfe^" 3 U13 trfeyfl fe3 833 >87 fe 3 
fe8^fefe>>f3" fee uf^yyi fe7 1879 fee fen 
mfetny o4fey>%> 3 1 " fe3 feaiftr ‘Pnmovere’ yekk 
of^i ffer fife 1882 ef. fee for § 1 Canto novi 




65 






(Sfe UTTS) S 7 US' HUSH glf^feT »fA feufe U 7 UfuA 
cfe fdlfe W rFS Mdl few I Hdld" fey S o( fe d' , 

ITATw cwelw w? ATw ofeT yydcd 

usrfes ATATw fafe A wild AT ? A fen ucuu us- 
‘AT U'Afesi W USSy’, ‘AT fesyUSU’ (1892) >HS 
‘AT yfeuy wu tu’ (1896) i fen ATw u§r A Ash 
uhscA ‘fes us wu hupAT’ s ‘AT wu Afe uTsA 

(Sea, Earth & Heroes) (1899) HSTw feATw US I 

US 1896 feu fen AT UPS UfeyrS ATATAsy 7 
hto( <dH SST U dlAl I feu S 0 H ttAl cV dc( feus Hf 
ATA I HUTS feH S Au Sfe fesys 7 MSH UU fAAT >US 
wus rw gfe fAdil ^ 1 h cS 1 yfew feur yTyrs 'Jorio 
IL Luoco' (1900) feftwi 7UUBT A USy feu fen U 7 
WU hATA’ (1907) feor Ipfe UUfe WIUAT 
WWfAs 7UZ5T Ul 

WUS 7 Afes fen S WtUUsT feu UJUAUW W? 
UdUfeT U A 1910 feu feu UAH UU few I ufeAr 
few UU A If feu feu feufe USTH wfew HfS 
feyfe As fefid'tn feu u 7 hut As AT ifes 7 ATsT i 

HUT USS feH^W US 7 HfS WfeT US 7 feu HU 7 

ATsTi feu sufeT feu fen AT feu wr AT feAT uuTi 
feu UUU feHUyufeT AT >HS HUTU AsTy HUAfel S 
fen f fess A u ushAsw i fen s wustw uu 
ATsTw ffeiTw I ufeAT HSU, 1939 f fen AT hs u 
arfet i 

U. y.-^te. fe. 9 :58; fes »fe. 8 : 402 hT ; >rlS. fe. 
H 7 . 3 : 372. 

^(SWHcS, tS? : HSUS UHT ’HHUTU 7 A ysAT 
uht feu tsu fev »wuferl y sfeuft hh mut Irfe 
fw usfet fes ffeufe^t AT i fen Huufefet s 
Qn'dci is w urus bw Awss trffeH 7 wj 6wfe» 
3 fe fe Hfe>Kfet uhs AT ufeT ututu AT i 12 uu^uT, 

1862 §■ H75US f . %T. UTUfe S Hffe<7 >H# SHfW 

feufT ?f ufet usAT ufew §fe sfeuw luu usAT 
|Tuu uraH T ^ufe ww za s'swhs I zz Afe - ATh 1- i 
wffets u tsA u t s fers A fw-AwAT As u>w 
ATs 7 1 AuiT tur wfewi Afe AT ifeufeAT Ass fes 

>HHViUg' uutwi 16 UWUT, 1862 f sOSMHS tUS 

Afeu s srarr su few 1 feA usAT tt 7 ^ sAT 
efe»ffeT vfuut ys few »fA AuA frA A AAuh A 

— u 

6Hfe« <^ddl Ulf QfeS ' UET fSSS UTS" ! 

u. y.-W) . fe. rr. 3 : 620; >>)s. fe. 1 ■ 583 

: f A'sTfefyd'H’iiswfeufeHU A 
5 WU y«H tS U 3 U ATfAuun S 1 " tjfSS^ SU 7 AT I 
sAfenA wsfen §■ fAHU fw AA few s 7 feu - 
mujATwso ATw hhs >>{^1^ AA fssfsw ms 
AA s 7 g^w w few 1 §^T Au hu# AT AHAoiuh 
A 50 usu hfuufe feu Afus ufe >kA swAtt 



mfetw ATw AT efeT A?A bust crus sAT httuu u 
few uu feu s uu feur AT f uuth IAs 7 fer hust AT 

d'd S Gd WHA Udl S c(dtf c(d AA I H feT W S dofH 
VfffeH 7 UU d ' AlUUHHdd ' S fAcrAT > >fH' S S 7 H 1 fd / H 7 1 

ttA swAf gfeT ATw ATw ?feT uu uAT s 7 ?fe 
nfew fe fen s Arf ATw fe<f A ww ?us 
srATw c(d fAATw 1 whs' fey ujset sAT ssTw s 
hh 7 sA fes mTAfe huss feu ufeT sus ?feT feu 7 
few fern u 7 AA 7 AT AAT suT AT >hA fey feu sA ru 
Acts uw Ah AT 1 ATiAhuh A usu 7 u 7 Ac^ 7 ATw 
usstw uu urss ATA eps 7 AT feu uts u 7 fefe 7 
HHfeW Hfe 7 U fe UlUATw feu HPUUTWr ufew wT 
UHH Afe ifeA US I 

U. y.-As. fe. H 7 . 3 :366 

3 WAB : feu feu?A u 7 Asuru 7 AT feu u 7 
HSH SUTUUT 1386 AT. feu uslA fefe ufew i fen AT 
us 7 AT fefferw huss 7 urus feu s feu feu A 

H d> fd dl Mdl U 7 feet Hd'd UJUoPU HfeUH 7 fePH 7 U ! 

feu u 7 yu 7 s 7 At? AT fstA AT h? huAT AT 1 
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fdidu 1 wr feu us 0RU 7 fAfeT wu 17 h 1 fl' AT Ahu 
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fefo>HS ddU UU I UU ftld fife" Afe HUTHUHcr feA cUAT 
A As usrAs A ysu feu fsys u A uAuu uujh us 
ufe 1 feu Ayrs fes 'AA AA wuAr feu fvfsu urgys 

UUW fllW ! 

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gsfe ffey 7 s feu s feu hus yufe's fpus uu fey 1 
AfefeA AT yuufeT AA feu A feAu aissAuAT AT yuu 
U3USHU wAATui 

?feuu, 1406 feu feu' S UAUU fUTUTFfeU kAT 
uuiuuHy A A gy AA us 1 As u 7 Ah gu ATs 7 uu us 
AT wufedil Rj 7 odd rUS urus feu s Aus feur AT 
uuATgsGs u 7 Au huhs ATu 7 i us AA fAA feu A 
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d fed AT yuAT s feu AT uu A ufeAT uss feus 
feu 7 w uure 7 u i feu A fife feu s wz ?rs, us 
ydu wT uu u'dri ATw gus uuu uuATw u 7 
fsuurs odd 1 1 feu A uuuus uuTh s 7 ufeuT s AT 
feu AT uu Au feu uuT uudus 7 ATsT 1 

HfefesuA A ufesui sru ssfes s uu 
cruuuyT uuw 7 As Ah ATs 7 ; feu gHW 1420 
>hA 1432 AT. A feuuru hAhs ug'i us 1444 feu 
feu UTfW (Padua) feu US 7 few fAu feus HUS AT 
grsuu us 7 feus 7 uu AisTw 1 fefe feu yTAuss 7 
(Gattarnelata) U 7 US »fA UU WSUSTA A fUlUSW 




66 



sffedlfe 

fed 13333 W RH 13377 31 R77 1450 3 1453 3R 
3WZW 77 §33^ tf?7H M3 HUfe" fey RK offer M3 
fe3 UW 1- fewi R77 1456 fed fe3 H3 

dd 1 d 1 375r tUTM 7 U3 Mdltt Ut >375 ,d<5d H U33 fBFH 1 ” I 

for W3B fcl R31H3H3 3 f3 difed feR 
fecf >3377 yddii'rf 1 >ffc5 > H T -H'd 753T fl-WI ffeH 3 
Mryd" i-lfe* 3 M33 Ttd c5 MRIR f)Hdd M3 HdUHd 

•s 

HfeRt 3 fdrtfR' M3 £ M3U77 Bffe M3 M3 13 BBW, 
1466 £ 3753R fey 3t feR dt H3 3 dfet I 

B. y.-nfe. ft(. 7 : 578; WT. MH\ 9 : 255 ; >>fe. >fcr. 
4 : 457 

o^tadryH. ; yrfeB^fe Rt §fe3-ifeHt ot 
feR M75R33 33" 1377 of 'Q'dl M+" fe^ feyr Rfezt 

3 1 feH 3 Us6f >>13 §33 fe3 MR 3333313, y3R t77 
ffe77 Rt77 M3 ffedt M ' fed A si M3- 333 RH ffedt 
MrfedHfe M3" TTfeRMT d'O'dl 331 feR tf Ud'dttl 
333 4,830 R". fe. Rt. M3 M^Rfet 1,27,994 (1991) 
3 1 %333 ?T RT feof ifer ftnF fife R'Odt H 1 " RH3- 
HRM 31 coO'dl W RURr tufe UUfet 3 ftTR fe3 977 
RRTR U3R3 753t R3" 3 =33 RU3Ry377 31 feR dt R3 
3 §fet Rdt 674 Ht. 3 1 feR Rt U33t R33t feURrf" 
?53f 3 1 Tfet M3 M^ feR 3t»f- HR 5W 377 I 

MWt R3Rr R3R 33t 333^ M3 RtUMfet 
RfetMr fe3 31 RrfedFH", 9'cfdcV, RTTtHTTfe M3 
H33R77t feR 3 HR Hfe3 U77 i feR R 1 " URR feR Rfefet 
RR77 RdRt 31 URHt 33 3 fRTTtRBTR feR Rt >M 
333 Rt HR 333333 M3 >M-RHTR3T RR3 31 
sFfodlfe 3 RR33t cSd'fdMr, 3133 3 HRW M3 
utfetl R3R fed" HWtTI d , fet M'O td 331 USKt 
sRfedffe HR 33 3 M T fe fdR 333 3 T R33 3 1 fet §?7t 
Safe URfefe Rt RRRRfet 3 3 MRfcTR QdHfdlcf 
feoRR feu .d I rtl d , RStM"*" 333 3 335", fec5RfeoT 3Ft 
M3 lft3 fefffe BRJR R3 1 ©3 T 3313 3 1 

54°50 / §". feR. ; 38°0 / U. HR. 

B. y.->>t7r. fe. 7 : 583 

dFyjbHTT : 33fe 3 feR Ifui" 
fefeURTBTR 3 1 " 377K 8 333dt, 1649 3 33RT fe3 
BMTl feR UfeM 1 " I R5" 1667 fe3 fe3 Rd'feul M>3 
ylHH 3 1 " HR3 UfeM 1 " M3 Hdld UfdR fey feoT 
3tfyM T -R T lf3 RBH-RW 3377 W H T feRBtM?7 R3 
few I RM13 fed 33fe 3 RW3 gfet 3Cfe 3 feR 3 
33fe W Rfet fef33W3 foRcTR offe 1 "! feR cRH 
ytf 1 * feR 7> 1691 Rt. fed ‘Voiage du monde de 
Descartes’ M3 1694 Rt. fed URRH 3 fey 'd ; 3 
fefej fe3 ‘Entretiens de Cleandre et d' Eudoxe sur les 
lettres-provinciales’ fefe feytMfe fe”7 1721 fed 
33fetRt 33 ^R3 3 f3H3 t fe3 ‘Histoire de la milice 



francaise’ hfeMW olt3t U3 feR 3t 33533 f^TR 
‘Histoire de France depuis l’etablissement de la 
monarchic francaise’ ut Kcfe Rfet 3 1 

23 377, 1728 §" OfeR fed feR fe H3 3 Blfe" ! 

B. y. — RRT. fe. 3. 3 : 370; WT. fe. 7 :50 

tfd'cS ; Mdfetw 3 feR 
3l3R fefelMfet 3 1 " 377R 29 753R3, 1803 £ 
3333331 fed" Ufeyfl feR 3 5^753 R3R fe R3 
Rfet I R353R33T M3 RtMTR 3 fRftW 3R3 RB77 




%RR?7 tdd'rt, 33753 



fR33 feR 5" 1850 fe3 feRtoTH feHdtfdOR 3 1 " 
d'fedfedd M3 RfMTR fey UfefelR 3feR“fefeP>P77 
3 1 " 0tR3 feMBTR offer feWI feU753 3 HR fed W 
3lfe3 3 R33 feR RH offer U3 H313 RfeR fefePMR 
3y33 fe3 ^RB" ufetfl" 33177 fefet" I feR 3 1842 Rt. 
fed 331753-33^ Hdut “Uber das farbige Licht der 
Doppelsteme” fRUHR 33 UBR 7 UR'fH3 RBRrfeMr I 
feR U33 fe3 feR 3 fRR 3H 3U" R3 3 >3 BRt MW3 
M3 375" 3U" d'd fe BRTit feyrtl MrtdUol' (RR T 773 T ) 
RM ufHMT Rt fefe fe fed" 375" 3B" R3 fe M'^'U 3t 
fyfe (§3fet) ufe3t RR3t 3 1 StR §R 3^r 377 BU" Rfe 
fe BR75t 3T fel 3t R377 dfedl'l 

fe7 1845 fe3 Rt. MT3. 3t. tfeR RW7 3 feR 
fRRfe fe UR3t cffet 33 fe 1848 Rt. fe3 UR^- 

— *s 

fefelMR7 3^fe3M T BR3 3t3 3feR§"3tR3R3 
UR feRW U3?R RTRRfet l33t I 

331753 fRCF3 fe ?33 f^RRt 313 MTBW 
3rffe>T fe Ufet 3 U3r HUI'Qr M3 3U3 RrfBW §" 
7fe3 75Rt cffet Rfet U" I 

17 >333, 1853 §" tfeR fey 33(753 3t H3 3 

31Rtl 



B. U.->>t?r. fe. 7 : 591 



67 



: fed - H33 TO3 M3 TOI3-H3 
feyocd Hnfert dfet toto fen toto fet uftro Mfe^Jl 
f%3 Mfet 3Wtst 31 »f T ¥ T 7T f?3 feu - UTO? - MM 
HfdHH oftTO 333 3 I HTOTO" TO fe33f fafe 33 TTUfTO 
3 TO §H 3t Hfet 3t fw TO3t M3 gfet 3TO3t 3 I 3TO 
Hfet hw fe33 H33 TO3 33 UTT W ffeF 3TO 3 
"3* M 1 ffefel cc.dl WH 3THt 3HJ3t 3 I H33 «Hl 
M 1 si 1 h 1 M 1 fefel Y 3 3MHfeTM t cVW dfel rifel 3 
MdM'd 33 fetid: foffT <drt U33 fdd 1 3 TO 



n 



= n 



v 



v-£ 



M3 Ucf 3ro hk 



fet v »T^tT TO tdT, $ fe33 TO 33T M T ^ T tT 

M3 H3 fet MH3 Mfelfet n 3 1 333 $ 

*. •> 0 — 

<idl M3 w 3sT TO <ddl 33 3 i ‘ 

, v+w-v 0 

n = n 

V + w - V 

U3TO-TOJ3F Tfet f5H UTO3 3 TOU33-fef3 

»s »\ = 

UTO3 feTO tTF 3, fdQ'ffe 33333333 ?fet feH 

UTO^fet H3t dGfdld ffeMfew fetfe 3 fetfet Ht I fe3 
•» 

Ugi H1133HcTUt [fed HUHd 3 I U<39T dddl 1 Tret 

, |c+T 

n = n , 

V c_ v r 

ftro v UtJoT M3 H3 ffe33 T 3 Hfefet #3T M3 C 

r *s •» 

UTOHfet d.sid'd 31 

3. U.-M3. ffe. 7 : 591; §33? fa M7? fefaa K-ScTcT 
Rfe Hd'dfttHT: 702; TO. ??. R. WT. 551 

& • fed 3333 f%3 fKT53t f3fef>T3 

MfHTO fet TO 31 fen 3333 fet life 3^ ffet ufetM 1- 
333 3 313 3 T Iffet fefefe' 3 H3TO 3#, f%3 fenfet 
3 1 fen 33 ffe3 M33Ht3 3 M3 feH ffe3 3 T 3377t 33 
3 3ftl3 33HtMH, HTO 3+ HdlcStHl'MH fH3 33 331 
fell ffe3 3TO fet HTTO 1- T73T33T 5% 3fet 3 1 33 H33 
33333t? fe3 MH33 56.5% 3TO, 5.5% O'dlSrirt, 
36.0% MMUlrTO M3 2.0% <5'dldtHc5 33t 31 U3W 
3t 3373 33133 Oh 33 ^ddit 33t 3 ffTH ti fed 
33t tTTOt 3 1 fedidTildd* 3 33f33fet3 fe3 3W, 
3333 33 33 rife 1 3 ftTJT 3 3333 c(rtor fessl 33 1- 
31 

a. U-fcT.^3. R. 3. 4 : 268 

SJ’U Wl r f33 sf'dd 3 )Hd'd 'Hdd d'3 fe 
d^O'fdldl TO fe3 Hf33 3 3 HM33 3 33I33T 10 



(333t) MfefdA 



f3. Ht. 3t 33t 3 ^fHM 1 " ^feM 1- 3 hHTT 1880 3 Hf33 
f%3 fK§TTU33t H3t 33t 31 37133 3 r ftTM i ' 3 fen $ 
fe3 33t TO§3t WTOfeM 1- Ht 33 1857 et. 3 HMTO 
fe3 S'Qil 33 f33t 3fet ftW 733 TOlJWt TO H33? 
#t M3 felM 1- 1 fe3 3 33^ fH7333t 3fe f%3" fe3 333 
Od'd 1 M3 Hrid 333" d feM 7 d feM 1 " 3 I fen 3 feTOTO 
fea 1818 M3 1821 Ht. 3 33 3 U3TO 33it 
addHd'rt ?t 371 1 rifed f%3 OTort 1 3 dt sS'dddl , 
fitfW' M3 f73>T HtXTt H3HTO TO33 377 I 

MTOTOt - 9,697 (1991.) 

17° 46' §-. I%3. ; 73° 1 Y U. 33. 

TJ. y.-f$U. 3T. fe. 11 : 150 

oJ^fetS : H77 1350 3 1830 3 H>f 3337 333T 
3 TO3TO3 3 H3 3 U33 tT U33 # f33t 7F3t fe3 

f^^LFqt Ht I H3 f%3 fe3 H33 MTTTOTl 3 TO@TO TO 
§3-77^ Ht I fe73 TO§TO 3 377 31^3 M3 ?tMW 3 

— — o — o 

333 M3 U3¥ 3 WJH 33^ 3 feridd'Ti 333 

3 33T Ht I MW?! TO TO§3 3T^t3T 3TO (H3 
1142 Ht.) H3 3 Uferre f%M33t Ht ftTH 3 H3 3 
UfUTO fe3 §3-77 f MHJ3 TO 7777 Wdl'feM 1 "! fe3 
feMTO TOTO 3 fe TOfeH fe3 TO 33 Srtd'HlcSH 
3 77^ 3 fTOlT fePTO 3% 3 380-404 Ht.TOTHdylGTO 
fHH3 3tM3 TO fed §3 33 3 TT 1 ' 3 fTOTO 

fePTO 3# 3 650-659 Ht. 33 fe^77 TO fHHU lit I W 
fed fed 3t 3 HcTTO 3 fe" fed cS 1 Q oriO d 3 ^ 1 fee 1 ) TT 1- 
3 MUf# fH3 M3I3H3377 333 3TO 3 TO 3 fTOiT 3# 
W 1 3sft 33t 3 M3 33 fe3 TO fH5T Girdt HTO fdlM 1- 
Ht 33 ^MHTt TO^H 3HH33 UftlTO (33T TOT7 1282- 
1306 Ht.) MH43 MHl 3 sdfe* M73 ?tM77TO dfd'Gd 
T73F M3 1293 Ht. 3 fer M33 TOHTO TOfe77 HH3 
UftjfTt ■S'dl Q)H feTi'o) ttdl ^dfdM 7 " fdlM 1 " friH 3 fed 
33T 33TO Ht I H77 1349 ffe3 TOG3 3HH33 33 3 
TOfe77 3t Giroft, TOTO 3 HTOHHJ fefeu 33 1 gT 33 
l33t M3 feH 3^ fH3 Groat TOTO 3 HTOt U13TO f^3 
333t 3TO T73ltl 

R. U.-MH. M?T. 8 : 524; ^t?7. fy. R 1 ". 3 : 903 

si'yHS WHfe : fH3T33 3 feH 

33t, ril3*lc('d M3 M'STOT TO 377H 18 ri*3dl, 
1840 f UTTtHH f33 HfHM 1- 1 

feH 3 MOfSt 3t?77 TO33 1 " 1856 Ht. f%3 ?W 
H33 f%3 3T533 33 HH 5ft3t I H77 1874 f%3 fed - 
UftlTO 333 1 " oididd H3 fdlM 1 " M(3 H77 1884 f33 H3 
cTTTdcT H3 fdTM 1- 1 H77 1901 f33 fed feH Md3 3 
dTTffed dtHM 1 " I fH77t WHt 33dt 3337 feH 3 TOfeH 
H3TO TO TOH3 3fet HfeM 1- 1 

HH H3 ffe3 fed fed c(fe] 33 Gs( TdM 1 ' M3 fed 
3 dfed 1 3faT cfet UH3TO fTTtfefe 




68 



ss'yHrt, .s3c( 



‘ifeooo fe77 QddlA*’ (1877); feAcfedsi ufeoo’ 
(1897) 873" ‘O'OfeTO 1 " tfe^ 1 "’ (1901) HTO 077 I 

H77 1885 fU03 33dH 77 Htf 30 3" dfecd^ 

8fd87AycV yooo 1 " fBuro e 1 " dt oooto 1 '! for 

3 HO' fdO03 OOtB (1886), TO 3WTB (1890), tcST 
godt (1893) 8fd do odf fe873dt8fi- dt8d ofe<v]»r 
fBifey i fen df8P" 87 r BO?7 i " etyf yooo 1 feo fedfey 

OOdt feVTOdfe (1892-96) 8fd ‘H'dls^'cf HdWlfe 
O^TB 077 1 

2 0300, 1921 B dt feyr fey feo dt HO O Oldt 1 

U. U.->Jte. fe. 7 : 527; >>t?r. wr. 9 : 215 ; 8fe. 8f?T. 

5 : 432; gdt 5 : 1560 

d'yH*, £dcT : fediBU d feo Hd-OOTO w 

3770 18 77300, 1888 dt. 3 B377 fey dfe8T fdo 77 
feOTB3 dt y-wofl OHOfet d feocH fey <3 *4diy 

irfeyp"! 

feo W fUO 1 " dt feo 3WJ dti feo B B3B 
yfw h^b feo cTf7 r o 1 " yffeyfe cfh3 T i ng feo dt for 
b yioid'o)' cTF5 T dt 8700)3 Bfdo d yr^yf dt ufodt 

ofd 1 d fey Hi" IPOO 30 Bdt dt i o(^ HO" fey dt fen B 
3f?73, OOOBB, Hd'oldO, 303, UfdH 773" OfM'dot 
fey yfofefef" few 1 dt ooddo BOTfet i 

feo dfer orao-feofe" feo fenodlyr d oof yfe 
8ioo boi yo ho tr foo ho feo o?7 1 yfffer dt fen 
‘ooo’ Bfet §fe ofe otedt feo ofdy dfeyo d i do 
yooQd Bdt feo 77 oto hotooho, uofoB oho, 

dOOBiT 0777, 3fet, ddfed 1 . UBOTOO, Ofet 873" 30 

yffeyfecT fooo 1 dt oooidt or 3ofe otdt i 

077 1923 fe 1927 30 fefeOB OB'O'd' 8ffe 
fewM" O BW OfOU 0 1 0X777 feo 1 " I fesT 077 1946 
fe 1953 dfef feo oddB 0050 8770 8700 feo Qt00 
too 1 " I 

077 1953 feo feo O 0%75 yfOOlfl" O 1 " OOO OO" 
foyr fdpy i 

22 tjtt'dl , 1963 B 0077 fey feo dt 03" O dldl I 

O. y.-8fe. fe. 7 : 527; >»t?7. Wf. 9 : 215; 8fe. >>fe. 
4 : 432 

sJ'yHcS' wt : feo ofetodt ow d, foot 
yro dyfet yooto 1 ", ootyf 1 ", yfofedtyr yfe yradto 1 
feo felTTO" 03" 03" dto 077 1 feo 1 " dtfeyf 1 " d y 'd 
iw feo feofe o 1 " 005 fefeyr go 1 " di 

feo or yfet fefOTyTTTO 77 1 " ofeifTH OdfedOH 
01 feo wt O 1 " yo-uoo 3O0tO77 13 O. Ht. OO 1 " 01 
03t075, ?70 dtfeyf 1 " feo OO 7 " *' A 03 OO 077 I OO 1 " 
dot iW d do, fo 1 " feo ooofe77 3,000 do fdd 



fed doT d 873 foot 01 yffeyf fed tto# feo?5 0 
loot feo OB" feO 077 873" OOdfeO" 2 fe 3 005 fey 
ud gd 0771 feo yfooo’-feo to 03 »id ofe" fed 
00 T d gd 077 yfe dtfe d do 000 uotyr feo ydfe 
d dfe otdd 0771 feo fd oTd dtfeyn" »fd tz td 
df^ofdo yfefad d yroo 000 00 1 fe7> r d do-yfoT 
003" do oto" ofer go 077 1 % 7533 1 " yft fed 
fdfet foot fe loot d do do dt otb-ho odt 
H770yfe ffeo 8T Ofe 1 " O 8ld fufir yfOW feo HOT5 
Ofe 1 " O 873 feo feo feo 00507 dot feTOTTOt O I 

feo dot d wofeyfr d detyr d (too ood oor 
dfet) dd odt dt ^ofdyn" ofe 1 " d 1 

u. y.->>ro. fe. y, 3 : 594 

sJfedcS, ffeTdfw : oodfe 1 " ys'Qi ofe feo 
yfoido fddooro o 1 otto 1610 dt. feo boo fey 

ofeyfl feo feo OOH77 cTBcOO OOfeTO ofet?7 O 1 
ofeioo dti feo dt OT5 i "fyo tfdo dt fed o 1 "!/^ 
dti oto 3dtcr dt do fxrao feo ofet fddocoo 
ofeyf 1 

feofew ctovoo o 1 yooo do fddo 87d 
dtdfdoT yT'o do oto o 1 fddo" dd 3 'hot 7 d oofe 
odfyr fddo 077 1 

28 yfeffOO, 1646 f 0377 fey feo dt 03" O 

ordt i 

O. y.-8fe. fe. y. 3 : 594; yfe. yfe. 8 : 215. 

sj'yfHrt 1 : odofetyf" otooot d hA^to do 
uofe" feo yro 1 " 7705 odoo feo feo fu3 d fdoo 1 
obto 1 " ofd>y yfd dood ofdro d ydo feo ofod di 

oodt dt *Td UOfet OOH77 OTO" Htl^d 1 <0 1326 dt. 

feo dyt dti doife" fed Ado 1 " ddro »fd Ad f yro 1 
fed do3 o 1 oodddt do yfo dt odt di od doo 
gxr d fed oodyo dfeyf" y3-feodt o 1 odo?7 dt 
feo d dd dt o i f 3 d -U30 feo of fdrAvffeo dt odt 
d go dtyf 1 " odfyd dstyr ooro 1 feo ooffro 1 
Hodtdf gjo 1 odt odt di oo d 33 1 " stho 1 " 120 wt. 

(396 fO) W, 45 ot., (148 fO) 03 1 d 12 dt. (39 
fO) fO 1 " dlfedfeorSOrOTOdtdlfeOTOOOOB. 

20 dt. (66 fo) odt ooo dt ow o 1 " afeyr dfeyf 
di 

48°49 / f . feo. ; 20 ° 23 ' O. BO. 
o. y— ■ yfe. fe. y. 4 : 143 

oj'ydH 1 : yodt OOO O 1 " feo fetoow OHO 
030 d yoo ob ofoyi 1 " tfdfo yfd ow ow d 

feyof'd 23,345 3. fe". dt. O 030 feo tfB8F dfe8f 

di d ' haToo iid feo yoo o 1 " of 307 dyB-uool 

OOTOfyf 1 " 873" 3F 3'dl fdo-yodt 0 B 07 r dt 8 f T " 8fxft77 o 




69 



srer, (nrew Ofea) Dsfdci 



ywdi'dl^ wte yyfn 7 Ona saiyai nn 7 at §re 
SVftW <^ W <T idt! fe ay'dlyf 7 n'tt T sTydiH'-tldd 
Sfetyr infer §■ H'fdrtl try irst nfer stfe at 

nWtTW 7 733 33U3 ni H77 1913 n 40 TO fen 
aHntfer 7 '5 T fen lifer fan 7 I H7T 1940 fen 3%1TF 
nynt inn n 7 w fan 7 ywapalw 7 wfte nw fep>ri 

ss 'ydiH 1 yaa fey y 1 relA opw tid'd y 7 > 1 *1 , 
5H?7 3 y'dcSdlcSl wwt¥ yrw anfe-FI gi% ; 
dd if yfWfet HoT r ?f iH d 1 1 - yU 1 dd'd fen ydd 3 
3TO nt? 7 I 18 nf 3 19fef ifet TOW jnt- 

nant nan fen nt fen Oro £ yn'dHdi nwTnfOyri 
o'.y.-’for. fey. 4 .- 143 

: W3H?ft n feH cV^^cCd 
m# fefeynre n 7 nnn 10 yfamn, 1878 3 uwfe fen 
yyfeyld fey yfeyri fen swt nan 7 nt >>fif 
aafen fey mfet nam areO 're riti fenre foam 
nt TOntn mb nnfetw nya 7 nti fen nfeyre 7 n 
yyfeun §■ ferret nawt n 7 span kto 7 rit M3 fen 
3 yrunfer feryfe fen fw?) nan nt yfed fesr 
nt 1 nn fen nn W 3 3 33 1933 3 1945 to 

TOn yfe nwatn 7 fen fen 1- 1 ‘Die drel Sprunge des 
wang - Lun’ (1915) feHn r ufam H.dW d'^W Htl 
ypife 73^3 ‘Berge, Meere und Giganten’ fen feHTT 
yn nt feanro unt naut 3 On ntn 7 ni ‘Berlin 
Alexanderplatez’ fey n 7 Q~dH d'^'Mi nt I 

28 Hd , 1957 5" BSHt nanSt fen yfHdfsSdld 

fey fen aft On a aT^ i 

O'. y.-WT. fe y. 3 : 593 

sn- ntw, to arffe^ : fen 

fen yfetr ufet yin >yfent fefapnfet afew 7 a 
fnaw yynpnKcf 333 felnpyrn, nata an?r 
feferyr?) Mn fenrer &3 an rren 7 ' mfeyr n i n T ni 
fen^TOn 1 Tfeny, 1899 3 333 fey yfe»ri 

n?r 1926 3 1965 33 fen ny ny rernfe- 
?nffet>nfenfenTOMyuOTyfeyfeoraF 
fem i fen 3 fefen fefntyfn w Add® fen<fet n 
sffedfend n ner 3 nt nn nfen iferffe nsnw 

fen 33 ‘Chevalier region d' Honneur’ (1953), 
cVyfedsJ (1954), ‘Socie'te d' Acclimilation liie 
Geoffrey, st. Hilaire’, itlrtB HUfe (1954), ‘nfett 
HK'fedl w B'dfdA Hnw' (1958), ‘w nfefenn 
nyfey)", nfen wnTS-’ (1958) U77 1 

feoranre fenfen w fennn^ sran uyfent 
feAd^smA 7 yranuntHfe^ yMyr^(i920)fefeti 
fen fen fen n sfe) - yfennlyp' nnnfe yfcfegdH 3 
nnnfer 1 ' enfer feranfer §n 33 Hfefeyn 3 
ynnfer nunfer nrefer ynfer nn 1 fen ‘yfnfe 



§n yfe yfeHHddd (1940)’ fen fen 3 Ofenfetfen 
w namr fen 1- , ftm yfwpn nn?nr fen unife nt 
n r n:->Hnnn r n ffen - afer fee 33 1 fen n 
'sra^tnfen fern’ few nynfelyn feonlyr 
feran ufd^dUA nfer yrnfe fen w uferefer 33, 
yd nt nfeyri yfneftyfernfenn y tid'd fen fen n 
HddAn nt ffet, fen 3 fen 3 Hitfen fern n 7- nt 
nn 1 ^ fnfei fen yfnnre 33^ nn 333* wt 
yy'dltti yfet fen femn n ufet w ymfet femn n 
ufet 33 feom n nfe 7 ni funefent nrnsr §fe nt 
fennynnfeti 

'fetwinn ypn w nafenOn rrafe (1935)’ 
fennt fen Hafenyan feyn n 1 

O. U.-^n. fe. H 7 . 3 : 417 

Ffef : fen §fen-usvft arfefeHK n unnt 
nwfenn ufen n 7 fen yfet-yxm fife n feon 7 HnaT- 
nfefen ?rfen n nn n r fn»f r ni n^nf yfe ncfetnfe - 
nnnr fen yanr nfefn fe - fen font tnanm nti 
fenfenfen xtm n nufeW 7 fun fen n nHnat 5 r§ 7 r 

yn nn 1 unynrfnnt fen tmfetn n am 733 nn 
nre - nren (reddl'd f-atr n afet 1 fen n 7 ^ nftrn n 7 
Onanrer nn feam ynn n fepir M3 n>ren fe nnt 
nvitn §w fen fen ^yrnf - fw nfe fenfere afeyri 
fen fw fen 1235 nt. fen nwtnt arfe n ifet, nnn 
?n flawn n 7 toh nfeyr 1 33 1340 fen rfeffen 3 
nafetnt .nn 7 S' feawfe n ynnan nfe 
nfen dy nw - yaA 1 ftp>r 1 

fen fen 333 nn feian n ynarn yfn 1464 - 
68 nt. narn nfeyf 7 arfn an M3 nt ngn u?» 1 fefe 
3 fa ? 7 ? 7 fen n ynpfen urn nt 33 1 

nnnret - 1,021 (1971) 

5 i°i 5 / §■. fen.; 3 °i 7 ' n. nn. 

o'. y.->?r?r. fe. y. 3 c 363 

Fnf, (oTOK- uhfe) UTtfeoT : fen fffe- 
arrfew feferyffet n 7 n?m 21 nanat, 1895 3 
nynaaiA fey afew 1 fen n wnan n. nfferft 733 
aw n #3 n nufet S' ^nn n 7 ^ irew nt On nfet 
M 3 fenfen-n ( 1 939) nt nre - nnt M 3 fen nfe fen 
?nw 1943 n 7 fefeyrant M 3 untun n 7 Snw 
yaHcCd nfe 7 ettn 7 lanyafeta rrnfef 7 n ( 1 929- 
34) ffeyr fen yrenfen w n un 7- ant Tan Htvnat 
nn nfw ftm fen swfepnre 7 nareT-rit yfe- nnn 
fen nfet hh 7 wn 7 ' nt 1 fen 3 fen ntvrat n 7 nnn 
fen fenOkn nt unn nfem 7 1 fen fenlnn n nn fen 
3 nfw fn fen nant fen lywwntw n M 3 aa 
yfeyr fen fawn 7 n 1 fen fen’lnn w fey 3 
fnefen-n (Koagulations- Vitamin) n 7 7 T fnfe 7 ! H 77 




KHBTYT 



70 



1939 ffeB BkfeBf mb for £ feyfe few for ffeKfepr 
£ mbwmwb 7 ffeB BfeM 7- i fferafecT b fer §u £ 
hbib ffeKfeB Kj feu 7- feTM 7- i skk bF fferafepfe bIm 7 
BB W MB BBHfM+ B Hdlfe' dF dfeOBfeKBBF 
fra KB fefeF BK Bl 

BUAddlA B UfeftBBfPTB f&RBtfefz B 1920 
ffeB dJHdHA c(dc( 3M Ho(d> MTS" Mdldlo((H>tld M¥ 
SddAdl HfefK?7 ffefe MB HBTB BUAddIA Bf 

yAlsdFHdl bF fefBM'ftBldrft A^dd'dt ffey y^'Od 1 

fdd 1 ! HA 1940 fed fed MH d!c< 1 M 1 " FdlM 7 ’ MB fey 
fcfTPBB ffek KdHSd BAfe'dfedl feB MKjfef KFT 
Bfef Ml KP7 1946 feB feB BUAddlA' ffey 
UfefeSoTfooT feHBlfB§B feB Bfe'-dH T feB-ffefdPH T B 
B 7 " U.SHd KB feTM 7 " MB 1956 fed ^FaH SB fBKBB 

fenMdQB w nyf yfeM 1- 1 

b. y — nt?r. fy. k. 3 : 359 

^THHFTT: hFb 7 ?! B f’fesf BBT feB HM7B77 
IFfeF B 7 feB ffUT BfeB B faBK feB ffeKB HHB 
HBB7 feB MWHBB UBfe B BW feB 1,200 hF. bF 
fBfeF b BferM 1 - b i feB bIbbtt b yymra Bra bM 
fefewfelA fWHfeBBlfetBfefHBFBtyBtHfeB 
BF HB B KbFpT HKfdB fe'fdci KB’ MB HWfcT KB 
B cfeF BIHB B kFpBB MB feF HT?B BPTI feB Kfe 
US'ddfet yfeBH'H'Al BTBHfeHtrB^yBBd’io^'dl 
fKWBF HI BMBFPT HUcfB feB ffe§HH KffeH B 7 feB 
Ffur KfeB MB d'dU'Al Bf UK 1723 HF. feB feB 
ffeB MlS.dtfe' £ W BB B feK £ HBW BB feB 1- 1 
Hdld FdH bF HB KKUPT 7 ’ BSfF I Fdd dFdd fUHB MB 
BBM B BUB Pfef KK UfHB B I 

MTHBf - 17,179 (1976) 

36° lo' O'. feB. ; 54° 20 ' y. BB. 

B. U.-MtB. ffe. K. 3 : 866 

¥ t hI?> 5 dfedd' .Sd'Hfe 1 : SBfe B feK HBPff 
ffeMBBf B r H7TH 9 dASHl , ’1715 £ M 'feO’fBfe fed 
dfeMM feK £ 1757 KF. ffeB SBfe B WW ?fef 
UB^ fe KBB B 7 ' feB MKSB TffBB cftB 7- 1 

fen feB tidy 'A b 7 " yBd ttF i feK £ ujd^ ptbh 
B fefeUBMF bbF bFb b mw hkM bF 

Bf M BU77 BdB feK £ cfeF BBdF B ?F BB fBB 1 " 
feTM T l 5 BBBdF, 1757 £ tTB H T BK r B fkF BdHWB 
fBB MKIBF BUFF feB B^ - feK fe B 7- feK B §fe £ SB" 
KB fefe I Bfe BBKKT M ^ ^ TndkF dfeM 7- kF UK 
feK B feMfeF fk? BOB dlfeFd fBBBB KB I feK feB 
!SBB dKB BBfeB ddd B B IfeddF BB KK’fedF MTS 
BFHK MB KAKfeKB (dAHAl) B SK tTB bF Hd"SA' 

kFl 

HBB KfeM 7- £ ffel BK B 7 fKM T fe BBKKT fedB 



fBMB bFbF KfeflH feB feK B 7- UB r F?tw ddfe 7 
feB HB bFb 7 " fe feB ITBBFHfe feB dA'K7f]M + dF HBt 
ffeF fKB ddd B SU feB M'Od 1 B BB HdoCd fel 
KBB TB BB KBF fe Fdd feK H'FtHH ffeB BfeBM 7 " B 
HBTB kF I feK B HWfT £ VBBB B 1 " BK ffeBM 7 " felM 
MB FdH £ UBK feF BFcffe ffeB urffeM 7 ' B fed's 'o 
H' dA bF H d 1 fddl dldl I feK £ BdF 3 KFb Fdd did 
BTBK sffB TfeB 7- ?BB BBT bFbt feTM 7- MB feK B BldK 

§"b fuufeF bkF hk, fkar mb ^kbb 7 ' ufeM 1 ' bt 

ffedfBM 7 ' feTM 7 1 feK bF HB B KMB feK B MB £ BfF 
BdF BB fBB 7- fBTM T I feK B tra-BBM £ MBjfe B 
KBB BB B 1- BBH fBB 7- feTM 7- MB feK B 7 ' feB 7 ", UB?7 
MB feF £ BK Fact A 1 B fBB 7 " FdlM 7 " I 

B. y.->H7r. fe. H 7- . 3 : 866 

: fes fe^- BT KB T feM T BfeM 7- 3BB- 
KKBBB I fofe dF FdTBdl UtT B ffe# BBT fer 
BMB, dddl 1 sKHB, H'dH'SB BMB MB KBH SPMB Uf 
BBF OSfeW MaW fefe" BF FdlAdl fe B MB fes 
d"idBS IBHB BfeM 7- felM 7- B I FdH dc)’ FdB feyM 7- d 
fw Kkfe feB KKBB B Fddd' fBB BW ffer 
feffeM 7 ' BfeM 7- B— MW, TfBKfT MB W BBB I 

Sd'd BBB MAH 'd ftTK ffeB Fh H dl , UBB 

*v ' 

BSfBM t BF UB t , KB Bfe B KKTB, BB UBB B foMT 
M'Fd B 7 " Sde A US' Oh £ M'dIK BfBB BB; FdH' ffe 7 
Fhh <FI d S , rTBTfF, FAd ffeBB, $04, HBB, SBBBB Mf 
BBT UBH Br BBB7T BS ^K £ WB - BfBB B77 MB ffe 
ffeB feHZF, fe>f. HBB FAdi 1 , BStfeM 7- B HHH'A, BB 
feBB 7 ", BfBB, M'HdK, TJBK, B7W BfBK SBB BQF, K 
B MKB, FdHddl-UBK-KfeB, BBT TJBK, BBT TJBK, Ms 
TJBK, Fssd'd MB MfTJM'dKB ffefeM 7 ' B 7 " SBB7T B 
Qd BBB MdS'Qd 1 B I feK KKBB B 7 " fefeB B f 
BBBBT ffeB SBcT Hdd' , BU 7- MB MBT r M'Fd B 7 " ^5 
SB Adi BB 7- 1 feK BBT ffeB KB Uof 'd B BK 7 ' bF fkr 
ffeF BBB KTTBB ffeB MB KBB 7 " MB fufe M^B ?B 
Bf Hd T fed r feBBf Bl feK KKBB B feXTB KBB BTU 
BB BB BB MB feK bF fkfw BB BBF UffeB dlfeK 
BBF ObF B 1 MBBB McfKB fek £ KBB, fek BB 

m T fB bbF mb mbot ukb bImb fenfeK mIb b KK 

BBF ferfe BBB 7- B KBB MB fOrffeKS 7- B T UBBT fef 7 
Bra 7 ' Bl feB KraB 7 B 7 " KKBB B MB feK B Hz 
McTKB MBKBtB MB feB MKbF BB BcB fBfe kF K , 
M 7 ^ I dfeFdcd B 7 " TTB-WB-UB, KK, KBKM HBT 
HtIA MB BBB UB 7 " Ul F hu B I 

B. U.-K. S. 559 ; ffe. H. K. 4:1947 , 1987 

: KBB KBfTTK KBB bFm 7 " HBB Kfefe 
ffeKK £ WB MW BBI FbKBT HBBB r feK B 7 " t 
HdlFud MB MBT SB7T S'rt 1 BB BBB B I sHXB £ BT 

ubhF thFm 7 ffeB few sra bakb) bk fferfe fF 




71 



siEdl*, EFF W’feFfefF 



Hfew 7 Efet E bV, feUWEUFt oW Efal 7 FEt 
d'dl'H 7 > H3‘ ydHldwl o (« Efef 7 dfe H'dlE 7 FFTE FE, 
>trfE E W FftE 7 EE 7 F I EEF UEF3F 7 , ^Efofe 
W FFTE 7 feE ?t EFfeW 7 Efe 7 F I ^EF E Efefe- 
Hfittd d'fi ffeF 7 fe eldl }jd<£ ETE ITEF few did 
tH'E FE I sTEF E 7 dttd.e'dH E 7 iwlfild feE WE 
few EFE HEFUEt Fife llfet UEdfe Efef 7 U3Et»F 
UEffefe cTfe £ UFEfeEt fEFtUE EEt FFfeW FW 
EE U^E fret ^Efe»F Efe 7 FI EEUtE E 3FF EEF 
fi-rfF E sTEF E fed dUlE 7 ^'dldd few FEt F fi-lH 
E WE §UFE FEt FFfet EE HEHEt mfefet FI 
EfE FFTUt EFF 7 feF 3FE 7 EFUE 7 E feE EFH 
feFEFt FEW E fU feE fcFoTEE 7 FI TO 
feESfeW Ft feF FUE F Efe 7 F EE feF Et HFUlt 
Et HEH F Efet F I FEF feE fefFE WE EEF FUE, 
UEEFFt, FFEFtfF EE ddl F3T E r fe > H 7 E FU feE 
FE 7 F EE fen Et cfet FTU FEt FEt I 

feQdlA'd E 7 EEF frTFT £ cfet FE E 7 ofet 
EUfF Et WE FE I E EEt ufetE WfeF EEdjfiH E 
fcdfiE 7 F I HFEfefF 7 EE fedFFtE 7 E 7 3EF WfEF 
WE E IW F I EFE feE fefFE EF EEF 7 feE 
5W EEF EEFtW Hf<dFH E EE fEF 7 EEF, 
EFFtE 7 feEfe 7 E fWfFE 7 F I HE TO HFtE 7 FFFF 7 
E W-IE FE 7 FI 

F. U.-^lF. fe. H 7 . 3 : 362 

Sfe 'HfolcSH : feF W7ET E 7 WZ UWt EE 
1944-46 Et HEFEFft EF 7 ?! FfTEE E 7 FtrTF Ft I feF 
E 7 EEK 3 HW, 1891 §" EFffeFEfef 7 feF Ffenfl 
FBcTE EfeF 7 EEfefeE E EFFF feF FE feE Ht W 
1917 feE feffe lEEFt FSfelEH 7 fePF 7 1 feF 1922 f%E 




WEHfolSH 



feF EtFF E 7 few >HE 1938 feE FF77E E 7 WZ 
ITEFt HfeFE UF UCFE-HEFt 7> feF Et EE §" FE 

ow feE 7 nfe fen Et fe <yfed' e few ^ 'fIhfh e 



WZ uwt FE 7 tEE 7 1 feF EFEHfeSH §" fe? fefTE 7 
fEE 7 fePH 7 UF Efffet, 1941 feE EE-WE-gF W 
EE EFHEt E gEE §E ofFE 7 EF ffEH 7 E 7 feF E 
WJF FE 7 E WZ UEFt FE 7 fEE 7 fePF 7 1 WZ ITEFt 
E cS'd feH E EFHEt E MfeEF E fedU o(1d 1 > >fE 
EFEfel 7 E TEEN 7 E FEfeE ffet EF ffeWFI FE 
1944 feE EFHfe E EE E^ HF1F EE UWEFft HF 
F Fist E 7 EH fecTE 7 fEE FT8" F 7 EF 7 F E^FE EE Et 
MrfFRH 7 7ZK FHHiMf §" feES FfelM 7 fePH 7 ! 
Wfet feWTEEfet >HE fEWF UFEt EFE feF 
FEfef 7 ITFfe^H 7 E UWF Ft I WE 16 HFtffeF 7 feE 
feF E UE WE F3Ft FEE »1E 1945 St. feE feE 
WfeF EFfEF oTfeH oftEt I 28 F3FF, 1946 E feF E 
WTEfe 7 E tEE 7 >HE HFTF fFFF EE FEdt Efef 7 
fe^Ffef 7 Ft fc's/'QE 1 IFF 7 ! 

20 FSt, 1949 E SFtFE feu feF Et HE F Ffet I 

F. U— ^E. fe. H 7 . 3 :361 

: gE’E E feF ^-WEf^TlWEt 
EWfEE E EEF E. 480 St. feE FfWFI feF E 
fFEEFfal 7 >HE WEE feu fiifftPH 7 WJE oftEt I feF Et 
FFUFEt FE EEfet E 7 FFt WW E W 529 feE 
sIH'FI F'tlH'O HHdrtlWE’WFEFE ddA 1 fwi 
feFFfHFFFfeFFWfeFFF#FWHfelFE 
E StFTE E F T EF T F UFF ufFE EE E 7 E U7FF ffet UF 
StFE EFF'F feE WF WEE FEE E 7 FE FEE 
feF W4F WIFE EE 7 fePH 7 1 

'Aporiai Kai lyseis peri ton proton archon' feF 
Et §feft feFE F I WIEfef 7 feel 3' FEt feF E FEIE 
E HtFfet FFFE T E Et Wtt Efet I 

FF 550 E freiEBT feF Et HE F FTSt I 

F. y.-^TE. fe. tr. 3 : 360; *tE. 8 : 426 

olfedlft, ^HTT ^wfdHlWT ; WEE FFT 

WFfe 7 E feF U3FW W few -fEEFW E 7 EEF 
29 >WE, 1877 E FE FF^fFFE, tfeFFEhf 7 feE 
FtWFI fEBFcFFt Et tttfw UW3 EFE sfet §FF 
feE Ft feF feFF FF+fFFE §EfeE ; E EE 7 fey El feE 
IFoTF F fFPH 7 1 fett feF E fe^KFT-fEEFEE FT3 FFT 
FFUF feUEt E 7 cTF odd 1 I 

feF 1902 feE EF FF f5Et feF ‘fefTO 
EdE^ ffet FFTEtEcT feW-felEdE'F EE fel SFE 7 
fferi feF feF H3W E fE3F ffeT fw 

ftTFE FF3 fid fug F FIE feF E 7 cF 7 FE FHFF F 
fFPH 7 1 

feF E feWFI-fEEF THfid FE ddl ’ Fffe £ EE 
feft 9F3 UEfiE FE I 

— *N 



72 



sJ'ddd 



FOT WOtfey fw OTH feel 2 HHt, 1929 fe 
fw fet HF O Olfet I 

O. U.-WT. ft;. 7 : 593 

fe 1 d <f d : fed HfgF UP fet fed felrt<i 
WTwr 100 yfetw fetw IffeiW gfefwHgfWFTTfeo 
feld'dlw UoHkwtTJ WOT, uroffeyf w htf 
feylGuSfer^ feu w ttw houf of i yotw fe'ddd 

Hfetw UOfef feFOt HTHOtOF fetw HF wff 077 1 ffeo 
77HtWFlUO UPFtFFFFfe# dfdSlW077IFFfW 

town miz ft Cffetw 077 i feu uPFf fe oo fto w fefy 

7TFW ^ to FOfetW 077 I 




3^ 



feH cj{6 F tfO Hid' fet dd 1 si 'ddd HsftW F F 
fir^^^^071!feS)MW2.5^. Hl-.^ FF23 
h\ wt. (1 3 1 9 ffeF) fu fefetw gfetw 077 us hufIw 
yow nstw 5-7 ft. Hf. feotw gfetw ofi go 
yow >Mw wfe oof wfew relw of, urn 

Oftfe fey S' 773" UtIFF OF fWH FO F OOTFF O' STS' 

u v — 

o?7i w-w wfetw efts fefefw fetw w-hff 
wffi fef fey feuotw of 1 cret yfetw fetw frfetw 
yftfyW fe fw W ffest ffeF FH fefetw OF HF 

fy ww fe tto ftfyw sot wff HFfe'fe of wf 

fefe fetF Hffyw fet SOW?" OOF OF OF fety fe?fe 
fw UOT 7ft wfeF I 

FW? Vffetw fetw wt yfetw UlTEtnf FF 

OOtW 077 1 fey 1- fW FHfw S' HFH OF S 1- UfFF 

Iff w fow fer ffefe s 7- tt*" ‘oy Iry hf ; fw soft 

O SOT O' I few WFtW fe WJ OF S T 5T077 fofe S' 
f77W HU7F fw O few fFF-U{fF W WW fe I 

O. y.-nft. ft. U. 3 : 892. 

feMfe^H : gTTFfe fefsow >HFW fw ffefH F 
HFWtw feOTTS' S 7- UFO iff I fw OF S' S'dScS' S 1- 
yow fef ftfe slrtlftH 0K7F S 1- W <^dd' iff I 
d^c 1 fed 1 ftrtH'd WV5" dd 1 feWFffeffl" fe F37? F077 
HOfe FWTTIT HHSO WO S^fe WFFfW W IFifeTT 
FFT fedfrtWI FFf§5T OUfoU^vfeBFF fw 
OF W few I fetffW fe OarHOFO fe§HO 77 fell S T 
fefUF HWTF offW ftfe fW fe §H Sf Of tofefw 77W 



IFfef W ffef I fen 30ffe FW fw g% fe Hfef WOW 
W WTTf sfewi 

O. y.->>t?7. ft. y. 3 : 377 

si 'dcJTTSrFf iTO'-SXB' : 'Ow'-ifeKf FOoff 

5K — — 

fed fec< ddl ferO 1 " FTf5" - FHF O’ fedd 1 SFffefF H'dld F 
HW 1FOTO 77W SW O' I §feF-UgK fw STOU ffes 
oFffeuwf wfesTy wf sw-yow fw wfw yyltsa 
sf w f>ff fw wfew for fw-fho Htr ef Rwst 
6i fer.Kf./sF'yl i| fe'.Hf.3 1 6fer. Hf.s'wfyftF 
pFHf 55 Hf. FferOFf HOT FSOt WOT fw 92 Hf. 3fe 
ugsr FFsf o’ i fen Hrt _ FHg s 1- 6 '0 uowf wfes 
Hfero# W WfeWFftsfeH Hfw e 77^ F few fw 

85 Hf. U. few F WSHF >HF OH77 FTOFF W 
few? fetff OSf iff I H T OHO T 1F0TO F HFffefF FfoT fefT 
S 1 " “^d '0 c< '.ell FFt O HfF fed yfFUOcT HfFO - UFO ^FT 

— «s s «S. 

w uwf win fesyfw fe i 

dl'feiUWf HfF SWofW felTF W - ^F" HfftF 
ufeitr fesddi’O' 077 1 few f" few r w ofef ffuf few fef 
HF OF 077 I feH S' WFf fw Wf F^ SfeF Hgfw 077 
ffeOFfw 5fW HW ftF SFfftlF HW S0fHW77 
ftHSfW Ofefefw 0771 

fw FW-FHO fefFOFlftr W fef 5Tfef HOFWFF 
FI OWFRFH fefe Of ftTFTTf fHfeftT F UHf Ofe MF 
FfftFO Ff fef WFf 1 eywffefef fefe 

yfefo wife irfoo fwttffi £ wfew ufw sras 
iff I 480 Ht. U. fw FOcOffF yfOF F1W Ulffwif fFF 
HiF 334 fef. U. FTTW F friFFO HOW Ffw FFF ft 
wf ffegfe wufef Hfen feF feoiFlw f 1- uf hw f 
for W-FHf £ UFO orfF 1 " i fw FTF-FHJ 0H1F F Ft 
feuFtF sfef wofer mf gfe of yy ffey ofey (yy 
FOWF) yffew i H?7 1807 fW HO FF77 if . FOTWH F 
HOFFTfet 0# 77W ffeH §W FHFF 5^1 ufefet Wf 
F3T FOW ffefF0 T Ff W ffeH ffeO WJW FHFF W?7 
fw wnfey ofefwi ftf-fho Ff HffeFf fe fw £ 
fefFO-oywf uw f d'ScslFy hofff fFFf s i 

O. y.-^ife. ft. y. 3 : 884 

3ofet HFWfe i fed HOFfefW F 
HdHHd'W yFHFF F T UOW F HWRF Ft 
HO 1 d 1 fel . HOf Fr feHF fw W ftF FFF UFf iff I 
ffeHFT FfTTH 7 FHW, 1545 fe lOWfeO fw FUF 
ffeflTH ffefe OffeWI fW F T fefF T H¥f§- H|>HW 
offei.SddflW d'H (H.O.Hf.) Ft fefer feiTOH cpO fel S’ 

fa'cSH efero s T fey >hof iff i fen st hf yofefH 

ddIFH, OTTOt HFy fet WTF-UFOt OF 5F0F feorFF - 
fet Olfet Kfet OFSy yfel I 07)fet HHHfOS yOTTFf F 7 
HOf 77W yfet OldFfeF FT HF^ - fefdlA'y fet OTFt fe FH 

ffey cfywift i not f ufoF ufet yfeiH gfe fet hf hhtf 
ffeo fefet yfet yfet yfowfet hf oifet iff i 




73 



3dddf, 1565 fdd feu - fedIMW H Hd'd'fe 
HfodHH ufdfe fe wfdTH 7 HUH HoP d fed dd 7 fdTH 7 I 
HUff d Hdtd ffed fed UH 7 dd fdTH 7 ffe Hdt fell Tddd 
dfe ofdid 7 TOt dl §H fe fed fe ddT d 7 Hdd HH 

wddfet d 7 ffefer ffegun Hd fen 7 ! Hfodtu hh 
H dd'Afe Udtfe HHd d ffefe UdH d H'd'Ht! fe 29 
Hdfet, 1565 fe 3H7T UdfocT dHH HH^fe dfe O' 
dfet i for tret fe HU'dfesi d uferfed H3dt Hdd fe 
WUcil ddd HHfeH 7 I Idd 9Td Hdt fe fe HHd U did! 
ffe fddfe HHd fUHHT U^d fell d 7 fed did Jit I 

19 Hd, 1566 fe fefe d Ufe dHU 7 Ud 7 dd ?dd 
ffedH 7 HHd fed - HHH ufad ^Pt ydd'felH 7 d 7 
dHTH'd (Hd'U&fe d 7 HHH fefe) HfdH 7 , fedfdd fe- 
ed ife HHUl HH [HH 7 dd d did] Ud fed H 1 [aH 7 fe 
UdUd 7 fed 7 I fedT feed dd Hdt HHdHddT fed WUfe 
WTUfet fdd'feH fed dfe HI 3+ Hfdd fe 5W ?Hd 
fesd fdH 7 felH 7 I d Here 1- d fdT HdTd fed fe did 7 Hd U 
dd fdH 7 fdTH 7 dd! for Hf 7 fed dt Hd 9 d 7 10 
ddfe] , 1567 fe HHddddT fed - d dfe 1# H fed fe 
ffeTO dfoT^tfed fed! HdfhT HdTd fe dfe Ud 
dfedtl 

d. yfeld. fe. H 7 . 3 : 383; WH MK. 8 : 480 ; #5 fe. 

d 7 . fe. 

o5"d*^ 5TTT : for fe fe'dfe 6'dldH UH 1 fe 
fed 1 " i-l fe d I fedldtd rt of 1 S’ fe fd d ' H fed fed fec( 

HBdd ud d hh fen d dfed ^Pt fe ‘ufedd wu 
dfefe’ uur d-few dt i nufe udfufe dt wfei udd 

H fe'Ad'dl d HUH UWT, Hd FF?7 £? T day ; Hd -d'Wdd 
>Jra7F, Hd W>fe U1J377 ^ Hd FFo dfedTH fe # 
Tifetfe 3 6 1 tt dt Hd dH-fH 3 1 " dfedr § H T 3H T d" d'dttH 
uTdrt 3 ddH 'rt H'dd , 1627 §" f.d[dd ! d dd ffeH 1 " 
fdTHT I cS 'dld' ^ WHHT tfe fdLdd'dl F oPd?7 

UsT »fe HHHTH 3 fem dST fe HOffe fefe I fed 
1627 fed ffe^ ^ W fefed fefe feftMH fedUH fdd 
fe fedTH fed d FFdHfe Hd^fet dfe I Tdfefe d ^fed 
fe ?fed ddfe HtigdT d fef fe>fe ffeFfe Hid Tdd dt 
Hdl^'cCdd 1 d © 39 fe WU'fdd dfefe UH 
ddffefe dffefe fHd fed 7 fe cdfefe U%>Jr d Hdld 
fed fe ’HHdfe 7d fefe dfe I dd UHHfe H'dH'J 
fdOsid tSfeld ' d Wd d fofe fe fdldddl HHUt 
feHdd ^ftTidWd W dd d Hfd UH fed did Hd 
dHfe HdHd dHHdd d fdcScFd fed 7 tfem 7 fefefe 
?fe HWT HdHH HdHHJ dd fe fed 7 TO fe" fed 
ffetfdfe f tdl.dd'd dd Hold 7 fe I dfefe d fepK dd 
d fefe fe fed Hd d U'drtlHd fed feUH dfe dfe I 
d r d»H fedfe d 7 HHtd 7 fed fe fe ddfe dldfepfe fe 
Hd T fedTt cfdd d 1 fe*c( 1 cfl dd ddd Mof 1 fe Hft fed 
d 7 fedH 7 dfe Ud fed HHdd 7 fe fe? HH d dfeH Hd 
cTWld fe fed d 7 cfd HfeH 7 fdH d HdTTHddd 7 Htfe 



3^, (fed-) aided 

HOffe fe Hdd-fddfe fe fefe H T dH 7 d fVd 5H5 7 
dfelH 7 fe I fed dTdtdd eddd fe ‘OfeHd Hd dfefe' 
( 1 628 ) dd fed HfeH 7 fe I 

d. U.-^d. fe. H 7 . 3: 285 

cJ , d^d->HF-H>lfefe>H T : fedd-Ugfe HW 
d 3'ddd Ud d 7 fed ddT d d 1975 fe. fed dddd 
fe d H T Hd 7 dHT fed HdfejH 7 fdPH 7 1 fed d^ fed d 
UdH fed dfefH 7 dl ddT d 7 §fe UdddW 346,155 
fe. fe. (133,651 d. fed) Hd Hddt 1,104,000 
(1976 Hd.) dl Hdd Hd HdHFdt 7Hd fed dHT fed 
feUd dd I d 1 i-l d dUd o( dfe sf'dl fed 2,200 fe. dd 
feffefe dfe He} 7 Ud’d dd I 

ddT d 7 Qfedl fdH 7 HHFdcS Hd HHdT fedHT d 
fdH o(d<5 fed fe dH fe Hdd ffefet d I fed d UH5T 
Hdd fed §d, dfe Hd HdfeH 7 ufefef 7 fefeH 7 dd I 
fefd fe Hdfe lira' d fefedfetH 7 dfetH 7 
ffeffet fdfeH 7 ddl H^ 7 Udfe - fed dfe ; ?dU 7 dd 
ddfe dd Hd dfe fe ddft Udt fedt fefe dl fed 
fefe dfeddt dHddfeH 7 fed dfe dd, dHd 7 d 
fefe d 7 HM W dHd dfed fe Hd fed ddl 
Hd-dfed Hfdd dHT fe ddmfe d d dfe Hd Hdfe 
dfe dd dd Hfdd 7 ?TO dfe dfe dl fed fe Hdfe 
fdd Hdfe HoT fdHd 7 dd I 

d. y.-fer. fe. H 7 . 3 : 885 

55 'dU'S 1 , tf ‘dtH (Darboy, Georges) : ufdH d 
fed WZ U^dfe d 7 d?7H 16 dddfe, 1813 $ td- 
ffedd fdU uffeH 7 1 fed 1859 fdd fed fe fedfe d 7 
Iddfe Hd 1862 fdd UfdH d 7 Wc UTdfe Hd 7 fdH 7 
fdlH 7 I 

fed 1864 fdd fed felffeWd fed d 7 W UdH 
HftloFfe ffedoTH dfeH 7 1 fed fed Hfedd, ffedf HH 
fedfe dfed d 7 HHd Hd felWI UdH HHdft dUd 
fddfe d 7 HUdd dd dUdd" UU UfetHH fed 1 Hdd fed 
fe HdHd fddt d dlfe fe I fed 1870 fe ddfdUd 
feHd HH fefe d HHddTH dd fe fddlH dfe I 

ddfe H HdHfef fddU'd HdT ddUd fed fe 
HUfeH 7 fe HfH-ufe d 7 cfH HH'fdH 7 I CfeH d HHd 
HH fed HUH ffeH dUd HHUd H fe fdfeH 7 fed 7 1 

4 HUH, 1871 fe UU d dofH 7 HUt?7 fedfe td 
ddfe fed fW Hd fdH 7 fdTH 7 HH HHHdd fefold 7 
HdTHH d ?F7d 3H'Uft T Udcd H ?dd Hd fdfe fe fed 
fe dFd dd U 7 dfeH 7 HHH 24 Hdt, 1871 fe dffe Hd 
fdfe HTfe I 

d. U.->5)d. fe. 7 ;72; WHWT. 8 : 471; >>td. >>ld. 5 : 

262 

(fftfe-) feTHHfe (Darboux, (Jean- 
Gaston) : fed ddfetfe dlfeU-HHHdf d 7 HldH 14 




sS'dHH^d 



74 



yfUTUe, 1842 £ Uefe fee etu (Nimes) feu efeyp 
ftlU £ HUddl yfe feue fehtttHU: HH ul HUddydd 
fee* ipfeypi ferr e e 7 fufe ut fen ?w fe 
yf*ct» £ d'dy yi*y» (Darboux integral) fee 7 fee 7 
I d'dH <7 1866-67 fed ufdH e ‘College de France’ 

fee ufe UTfedl' ffey-fefeiype UUfey e fe 3377 

fecfe 1867—72 e? 'Lycee Louis le Grand’ fey, 
1872-73 fee 'The Ecole Normale Superieure' fey - 
yfe 1873-90 ey Sorbonne fey U^'fe e 7 fe 
fee 7 I fey fee fet e 7 MfWLoT »fe UTfee -UWet 

d<i 3 6'ft cVtt sJ'dH fed Mdl UUUy fe Ut I 

sl'dH e 7 dlfed 3 Udd fed did' rtdlstdl H'd 1 
fe feufe eu? Ut UUUe fe I for 3W 1864 »fe 

1866 feu - fey- fe-uee newt eefe ue ue i fen 
fyee 1870 fee feu £ |fe eee e yffey »t?yH 
ufeddd (Partial Differential equation) fed fe-feuu 
fefyyr feu fee yfeyne (integration) e 7 e? 7 fef" 
efeyp fefyp fel feu £ yPUU yrr-U3U ‘Sur une 
classe remarquable de Courbes et de surfaces alge- 
brigques et sur la theorie des inmaginaires' (1873); 
fee yye^" yie yfeeuefe Hd'fe et net yfe 

O K 

yHfue fewfe e few ue fefw ei fen £ 
Hffe et net e 7 few fe yd'feyp fen £ ufet- 
oTHfete ypue Ue 1 feu et ‘Lecons Sur la th-eorie ge- 
ne-rale des surfaces et les applications geeome-triques 
du calcul infinite-simal' efet ee fe^d' fey Slit fey 

yHyeepwi feu fee ue 7 ? 7 e uw fuw 7 yfe 
yi<Sd uyy dttcS e uteeT uudt ms - eue up fe<^ T e 7 
h«u y-idd uyy euddl 6'rt e yfe fee feue 7 did 
wdiddi hut fe e 7 fey uurfe ei up 1898 fee 
Hufet feuevr yfe ddeefe feefe-yfy 7 uuut w 7 
yetf feu et dd * 1 'Lecons Sur les systems 
orthogonaux et les Coordonne-es Curvi lignes’ fet I 
feu £ ydd ?feyp fewfe. efyp ffeeypfe e 

feddldd* (approximation), fedddul* feue (dis- 
continuous functions) , 3 'fl* fHofU yfe UU HUd H'd 

dife;dd fefeyf 7 ufett fet uee yfe ye feue fey i 
23 dd?dt, 1917fe yfdH fey feu et HP U" dfet I 

U". y.->H?r. fe. H 7 . 3 : 883 

ss 'dHH u <t tTUH?ft" e UU 77 d'tH e 7 fee fey 
ufee e feey 7 Q & 'ttd ye 7 ? yty e^fe efeyt 7 e 
fend'd uecTuee yf? ufete e 1 eereer 25 ffe. ut. 
yfe ufete e eue-uuu fee" ufee e 1 feue 7 ue £ 
yfeRu-feeu 11 fet uet ffee fewe 7 e 1 14 ^tuetefe 
fee fee ife 7 fee 7 fefe ue 7 ut feu yeuewueTe 
e sr^fe 7 e 7 yuer ue 7 uti fe? 1330 ffee feu £ 
ydud fefeyf 7 1 W 7 > 1479 fey feu e 7 ufet e 
H'dilde'd 1 e t£ ^rffe 7 ye fee 7 feiyf 7 1 ue 1919 e 



1945 ey fee efet uur fe eurofet fee 7 1 19 uet 
ffee feuu yey dufedd ueefe e few ?w 
Oyuidildd* e 7 ¥t eet ?ee feuee efeyri yefe 
sreHuee ufee fee tt ? 7 yfe uw efe 1 efee uure 
ue scd ee fewd-yy ufe ufee e 7 efet eyuei 
fefee 7 fee ^t uefe ufee e 7 efee eu?, feiuentfe, 
ue^fef uet e ufee yfe yuefeu-me yfee feuee 7 
ue ufetyu yfe ufee et ye-feufet ytet efet ! fefe e 
fee 7 ? 7 feu yet ue fefeew cueure 7 yte feuee 7 
?t uei fer 1836 fee uufee sftet eyetsft 
eefeefeet, feetetyffuer, ypee yfe uefte uye fee 
efyf 7 fefeyfy ferufe" ue 1 eefeer eufe e 7 33 ut. 
(108 fe) fee 7 ue tyeem ei fee ufee fey feee 
feeefery eee ei ufufedd ueee, Hutifet, uetfe 
yfe uuet e ee fee e uyu feeiree ue 1 

ypeet-i^s^?? (1983 yfe 7 .) 

46° 21 / fe. feu.; 26° 32' U. HU. 

tJ. y.-de. fe H 7 . 3 : 890 

S^HUCd, yi'dul* : eefe e feu feeder 
yfe eu 7 fefepuet e 7 eeu 5 eeefe, 1846 £ wz~ 
h 1 frtcsrt fey ufeyf 7 1 fe 1881 fee uuue fey ufete 
.dd'HlHl w 7 yfe H'fud e utue e yfee e fewe 
ue e yfeH 7 fee ypuet yuee ‘wfer yfe fe 
eefee yfe ?uw’ ( 1873) wfee ye? 7 effeu ut i 

e ue fee?fe ee ffe y feu e ‘eeen" 
feyuefe yp? fe uee Hefefe (2 ffefe) feype 
yfetifeuefew? 1 fefeyfeueyddd 1 feyyfue 
yeefetypi 

16 e?ue, 1788 e yfeu fey feu fe ue 3 " efet i 

y. y.-fe. fe. 7 : 79 ; >fe. yfe". 5 : 267 ; yfe. fe. ht. 
3 : 382 

fefiT : fee eefe e 7 fey feup 
e T u 7 -fefeiypfe ut e fe ipfee utefet w 7 e meet 
utu yfeue 7 (Avesta) £ yfUTefe yfe eefetut wfe 
fee yfew yee nfe Frffeyp fee 7 ut i feu e 7 eeu 
28 hw, 1849 fe. £ eefe fee fee ufeeee feu 
efeyp i ipeut fufeeur ue fofyyp fefuu feu et fey 
feue eee 7 ei fee 1877 fee fee yfeu fey uete 
feefet sfH' y^'Oy hup yfe ?uh ?uh feue ypyfel 
ye fe efet efei fee 1883 fee feue ‘Etude; 
iraniennes’ eee 7 Ud'fHd ye?fet I fee 1885 fee feu 
yw fe eefe fee utue fegye efeypi fee i88f 
fee fee we fe epee 7 e ypfeyp yfe feu e erte 
e'yfeuret fee yfew fee 7 1 fee feu e ue 1882 
e 87 feue yfeiefe fee yfe fee 1892 e 93 fee 
eeuftut fee yfe? 7 ? fee 7 ! ypyfeyp wfe 3 




75 



fett'sF for E WJ 3E 7 MMHlfe fe H3 fits 1 §H E 

fet nfe hhe h t uh ' fen cM'-dfe 1 

19 MH3HE, 1894 fe. §" feH E 7 EEM E feTM 7 ! 

O’. U.-feE. ft. H 7 . 3 :382 ; >*f?r. »fe. 8 : 479 

sS'df&dl, feTT d'dHttl : feH METETT TFfeH 7 

e 7 tteh 24 e#he, 1815 §• fed i At feE hhhe fet 

HfH3 EMT HEE «fet? EP^TT E 7 EHHM 7 5# I 7 H3HE, 
1838 T> TIE 1 ?Ffe? E^H E E# fedd'dlHd’ TF E 7 
TTEHT HEM 7 TEE dcld 1 fdM 7 3+ feH Ed'Ed EScft 3 
fen £fe fedt fenfe feE mem fun 7 §■ tee e h 
HEFT TEE EEH EE Ed M T EHtM 7 M3 feH ME3 E 
yH'felM 7 1 feH fe Ed'Edl E 7 fen HMEOF TMfe it 
EE EE 3H EE fETM 7 M3 fen E feTFH E H H6H' IrtM 7 
feTM 7 1 

20 MEcpJH, 1842 E feH fe H3 E ETfe I 

E. y.->>te\ ft. H 7 . 3 :381 ; ^tE. MVf. 8 : 478 

ePdf&dld<5 : feE H.E.M. E Etfe tEHfel'TE 
ETT E feHE-UEH feE fet fe TF Et Hfefe E 7 HEE- 
HHM E 3 EEElM 7 E fe3E-yEE EE T5EI3ET 100 fe. 
Ht. fe T?fe 3 HTFH M3 3>F|r E HE3 §HTFf E3E 
feEHfe3ElfeEHfeEEtHE 7 UTE' 1785 Et. feE EEt 
M3 1835 Et. feE feH E HfeE E 7 EETF fetEM 7 ! 
3>FH, HUM, HfeMfetE M3 EETEt EHfe fet feM 7 
HU Hd'fefe fejTT 7 EE I fet UH IEEE E 7 fHH 7 HE3 
utfeTH E I feEHEtEH tfhm, HUH 7 , UUH M3 
feHUM fet E QEEEr e he ^htfee eei HEEHM 7 
Et UfeE-EEH3 E 7 feE feE HE 7 HEH E I feE HM 7 Et 
EE fefeEEIEE HH-%) ffet HHEE E I HE 1965 EHM 
fet FFH-HM MH'fe'H ME HHfejH fed 7 feTM 7 ftTUH 7 
MddlM 7 ffet ftfe E 7 HHE El 

MMFfe - 7,989 (1980) 

34° 18' §■. feE. ; 79° 49' U. EH. 

E. y— J tE. ft. H 7 . 3 : 889 ; §E. M?7. 6 : 92 

sP'cjf&crr : feE EEE-UEHt METEEtM 7 

E HEt-EMfeEr EfeMfet feEfHE E 7 HE 3 1 EH 7 
EfEM 7 El feE ofetETTEE HHEE fe3 ftfe H'Ge #ETJ 
1F3 E ETTEtoT ET? fe E ' fd Id d I ETT (ydtl Ofe-EHtM 7 ) 
feHE HE3 HE HE EHfHM 7 feE fecJEE 7 El feH E 7 
EfEE HHEE EE feE EEE-USHt fEH ?E E EE 
EEHt H 1 fdrt 3 1 HE3 7 EE EEt TFE 7 1 feQ H'Qtj EETT 
3 1 EM 2,700 fe. Ht. E 7 EE 3M EEE §HE3 feE 
fecfeEtM 7 Efe Et EE felE HfH3 EE^EH E HHE 3 
EfEM 7 HEt TEE TT EEE 7 El feH HEt E 7 HEM 7 
(E. M’HEEtM 7 feE) 240 fe. Ht. Efe TEE 7 E I 



HEfeE 

feH E H3 HHE 3 feH t HEEE E E 7 EM Et 
HfeM 7 TtE 7 E M3 feE EH EH H3E 7 EtM 7 EH EH 
HE 7 feE fHEHH, HfHEHfeE HHEM 3 M3 fe? 
EMfEET E TE EM TEfeMF HE 7 E I cMETM 7 E 'EtST, 
HE, EHfe M3 HEFE feH EtM 7 HH Hd’feH TfetM 7 
EE ftTE 7 E 7 EEMf ME TF E^ 7 HEH MEH-EHE 7 
EfeE 7 tl sS'dfAdl E 7 HHE 7 EfEMfet-ftMfrM 7 
650,000 E. fe. Ht. EHH Et TM-feoFHl EEE 7 El 19 
Ht HEt E M3M Ef^M 7 EEE TTEHTEMt E HE Et feH 
Et Hfet HE33 7 EEt HE HME feE EE-EfttM 7 EEE 
EM TM-HEET Et feHHE 7 TFEt fet I 

34° 07 / E. feH. ; 141° 55 x H. EH. 

E. U.-^tTT. ft. H 7 . 3 : 889 

of'drtl, H'dH : MtHEEH E feH cfet, MMEH 
M3 ETfeE-EE 7 E 7 TTEH 1795 tt. feE 3HfeE fet 
EfeM 7 ! feH E feftfet 5TMTT EHfe* fet fefEM 7 
HH3 Hfet I HE 1821 feE feE EEE fet feH MHFE 
EHH E gU feE'ffeEM 7 1 HE 1822 feE feH E MOffet 
HfeEt HfeE 7 fet MEETT ME MHH?Tft , Hoofed Htfet I 

feH E 'EEE HETTttE’ M3 EE dH'feM 7 E?t Ht 
fetHM 7 ! 'EHETT Mfe MfefEEEH’ (1826) feH EtM 7 
HEMtM 7 M3 HfeEfe - E 7 HETfe E I feH E Hfe- 
TFEH 7 feE ‘Nepenthe’, ‘Sylvia’, ‘Thomas a Becket’ 
(1840) ME ‘Ethelstan’ (1841) E E 7 HEM EE I feH 
E HHHMt HlEEHM 7 E feH Et HE3 M? HB'dE 1 
offet HE3 Htrfet HEt E EHH 7 E feH Et HE3 Et 
frfEE HtEtl HHE 3 1 HHEFfe? HME feE MEM, 
feHH HEH EM HE HEE feE M3H feHHH HE 7 E 7 
HE HfHM 7 HE MEM HE3' HM EH3 7 fHEE 7 J fEEt- 
H3E fetM feE HE3 HHM IeH'Q fe 7 Ht I 

23 EHHE, 1846 §" EEE fet feH Et HE E Efet I 

H.U.-tlE. ft. 7 : 78; tM. MH. 8 : 478 ; tfH. tlE. 5 : 
266 ; tlE. ft. H 7 . 3 : 381 

d'dPtrt : feE M'HEEIm 7 E EE EEE dfdddl 

EET fe EETHEt ME HH HEEEFE El HMfeE HfeE 

MEjfet HEEEFE E EEM _ EMM E fe3E _ UEH feE 

feH Efe IFfefeH §HE HfeM 7 EfeM 7 E I HEEEFE fe 
*, — 

EtE 1839 fe. feE ME TFfe E HEHHH E EHt fe ME 
feH E 7 E 7 HEEMfet H'feHE'E, EMEH HMfeE E E 7 
3 EftM 7 fdlM 7 1 HE 1861 3H feE HHM MMFE EEt 
fe EfeM 7 1 §fe feH t3H t HMEEHEE fe feE 7 TFE 7 
fel HE 1911 feE feffe M'HdfeM 7 3 M'HdWlMfet 
HFTEHMH UTFHE E MfeE M 7 TTM §HE3 feH H3E 

K — 

E 7 fe HEEEFE E fe 3 EMfeE EftM 7 ffeM 7 1 1930 E 
EEfe 3 1 EH'fe HHfe E HHfefE EE HEH EMfeE 
ETTft EM EEcft HEE EEF I EtH HE yt EdM fed 
HfEfe E 7 MsF fe feE 7 3 1942 fe. feE TFUMtM 7 E 
sJ'dfe* §" HHMt EM HHM HE fEE 7 HE HEM feH Et 




y dfert , lOddHH 



76 



13 UHfe 3 Onfet dfetl H3 1959 fee' for £ 
Hftra' y 33y 333 3fe»TI H3 1974 fey HIHX 
d33 fen fl3 3W yfeWI fen ih fen §■ U3 
wyfcw yyr 3 y Qn’fcW fewi for y dOtfe iy 

Wdryyfe* 533" HXJHI'yfed QrdCjdr y d33 31 
fed" sfdld, 33, Ud3t>HH (dOt U'd) WfO 3t 
33W33t3>H3 fed# >H r d 1 ?Tfet 3 HW d33 33 
tF 33 fet 3H3 31 fed fed Hiddd'Hddl U?^W 
31 

W3t- 1,68,600(1992) 

12° 21' 3. fed. ; 130° 55' U. 33. 

3. U.-WX fe. H 1 ". 3 : 894 

sTdf^rt , fetHWT : fen OHf fdfedH 1 
fefdPHfet y 3HH 12 3HH3, 1731 £ >H333, 
rt'IdUnffed fed yfedFI fed Ufdd Hll-fefdl'>f r 3t > >F 
3333 d 1 dfe<5 >H3 13*lHH dlWHcX' y 3>y Ht I 

fen. 3- 1750 3 1754 3d cMdd McSfedfedl 
>M3 1754 3 1756 3d dfetSHd' ydfedfHdl # 
fetw 1(3X3 dfetl feH y >dfdH'H d33 33 Id 
yfeWHf^ydddtydy !WH33?fettfe3F0H 
£ feyytyy fey Hittd 1 ' 3333 ddfen H3 d3 fyfet 

>83 sT3t dt feH <3 ddd fed UH'ld sdddd 3 ddfl 
H333 d>F 3dt fjTJT 3 33-H3U 7333 3t# 3 333 
fed fen £ yfys 7- fenl sJ'ddd fe>y)dd dd* yt uwdw 
aftfet i yd fed 3 fen CfedH £ uiy y cftyn 
fedslrt^ fed fen ?t 333 XjfdHdril , H'6 td'oi §H >H3 
HH>H3 H'cXHcX IddfldF OfeftdT*" HUHl^d ' rt 'tt of'.dl 

Hfyyy ixf fw i 

1781 dt. fed ydfetX dddl drt 1 fdPH 1 " fed 
fed3 fed" OTffe HH'fedl HdOdH dtfet I H3 1784 
fed feH 3 frtd'Slrtsi fey fed" fsiHUHdl dljt I si 'dferS 
fed" yi'd'd >H3 3T3K fd>H l ttl'H r fe>Hd3f Ht I fed 
>HdH3 dFU# fefdl'X'^d fend'd' 3 d T fe-dd fed 
ddiyOy xft feyy fd dOy 3 dfe3 r ud std 33t 
33 1 " Ht I 

33Ht>>F y ynw >303 VdaHlsd 3fefe fey 

fen 3 it yydd ife OfedOt Hdift >nnfe feyfe £ 

Of df33 fefet 31 d'dfe* 3 feyfe >3333 333^3 
d'd'ddd' >33133 33US" Wf §" ^35" Hfet»3 33 1 feH 
3 18 ?t H3t 3 ITHTawy etw" d3fe dtHd 1 " §" 
H33t3 ct^ U3 f333 fefe feH 3 J3XP33 nffeyf3 3fet 
1X3X3 oft3 H3 §3 19 it H3t 3 fefeP>r?ffe3, ftW 
fey fen 3 1 " yfy^ 1 " U3 1 " '3 T yffH d‘dfe* it ftwt 3, 
yfer 133 feicotte (gyn) yfe" % y3i" >H3H T f33 

d33 33 1 

fen ytyp" uyy feyy 1 " fefe' ‘yt wfed" 33333' 

(1794-95); 3t 3U3 >HX1 333 fe" Qdld*' »fjg" 



HH'fe'dt (1803); fe U33 yy 3t dddd >3X1 ltH3 
yHdH3 fe3 ddfedl Hd33’ (1973) >H3 fe r «1d«- 
irtyf 1 "’ fP" ( 3t fe«'H<s1 >hxi >>f3T3td3y33 yfe 3333 - 

133T' (1800) yfrfe" §fer yfe 3t»r nfe 13113331 33 1 
fen 3t H3" 18 WJ3, 1802 §" ^33t fed" 33t I 
3. y.-^d. fe. H 7 ". 3 : 385 

cJ'df^rt , rJ'drtH (d 'ddd ) : feH >>?3T33 

ufdddl-fefepyfet 3 1 " 33H 12 ddldl, 1809 §" 
fedlAoJ fey H^fe, H|3H3t, HcTyfey fey 3fe»T I fe3 
fed'H 3 yfetj fW3 feH 3 si'dfetXl'd »fy 3 33 
d3d Ufeir 3 1 ‘ yf3 3 r §3l33 >HX3 XRM3 Hfe" Ht?73 
yfXl 3333 fett'dH3-1859' >Hd" fe 3tH3 MX1 H3 
yfe fertdHcS fe3 fdttH* 3 fern- 187l’feH3tfe"3 

yvfy yyyfe" 33 fefe fey fen 3 fesro 3 feyfe yt 
feyrtw" dtfet 3 1 fen yfer fey feyfe 3 §h hh 3 
fetfeyffetyf" yfe yyfed" feyfdfetfe §" fejy uifeiy 
dfey 

yfe" Hyx yt ^H3 3 3t d'dfe* 3 1 " yyy uny 
fed 3t Idl 33" 3 did 1 I H3U3 fed Od fed" H'U'd<i 

yy nt 1 §y fey ?fet nt yyy fe §3 fe 3 d fed" 

HHH yfey 3Hdt H33FI 33t 33t §H 3t fdWdHUt 
dddd 3 fefdd'H ^3 3 3fet >H3 1831 fey §3 >33 
y(H y|H f Ht3T3’ (I IMS ‘Beagle’) 3331 §3 fed r 

yjdddl-fefe?>ffet yy 33W yfeyri fey qw 
yyyt yofetd 1 " y ifevit 33 nfe §3 Hfe nyfewt 

3tfe 3 ddlrtl 3tl3 3 1 " Hfe d33 3^ >H33t yfet 5=ft I 

yryyt crsy 3 fefe fefe hw 333 §h t yfetyr 

3 33t 33t fed'H d33 HH ddtd 3 fePH"! fedlrt'd 
U33 d fH 3 20 H35" dH 5fty >83 WX? few*" §" 
yy feyyx fyyy 1856 fey fed>H Htxft fed 
fedi'fed 333" feytl H3 1858 fey fed 33 
ufdddl-fefeTyfet yrfeiyy 3H3 im d" fed fest 
fen fey d'dfecs 3 yt fed'd* 3 uaiyfeyr yfeyp- nt 
3 Oh 3 yfyy oily dH 3 nyu 3U fey yyy ffet 
yfenr i >H3T3 <jt h'h Oh 3 yryy 1 fey dH < >h t 3 y 
Odin* >hxi huIhIiti’ feywy wfl3 yftPH 1 " I 

sS'dfe* 3 M33 f33 H33 3t Hdtdd 33*" 

ddttli* fey Hfei §h £ yyyt nwytop" 3 yt hwh 
73Ht Htnfet 3 yfet nt fen nfe Oy 1 fen £ yfe" gyy 
fePHXX" e>dl nt i 

yyfed yt ufey ddw feam Hfedt uhth 3d 
yt H1H3 (5dl Ht Hdl Oh 3 d333 3 33 dt 333 H'd 
tyf" £ yftw" fefe fe y'dtSdy y i33ftd33, H3F 
333 3 33313*" y H373, Uf3>H*" ytfe" UdHT HHdt 

• ' *s 

yfefeyffe >X3 f>ft yt Oyyf" Hdfet iirOy fey 
yitfenr yt ffed 1 " yfey i 

yd fed ew yfetyr yt fyunt hM oft# 

dH 0y33 >H3T dHt 33 H331U33 dH 33" I Oh yn'd' 




77 



WF ffefe fW 5ft# FT 7 ffefe feotfer* fw WtHHF 
>HF UFW >HFO FHHdldHA- 1868 W F 7 few 
>>WHH- 1871 UHUOFI 

19 >HUH, 1882 j FO fw sofn U^fF H 7 ^ 
feF ffer fe HH O Olfe I 

0. y.->>te. fa. H 7 . 3 : 894 

sJ'dffert fe 7 Fnil’d : ufOF 7 HtP 7 fefe F 

Hddl ddd ddd ffeFTH Ufd^dcieV FH1 1 d T Hfe" Uof 1 d F 
UWfef 7 F 7 HHH ffeFTT MU^ '6d' FI ^'dfert H 
ffeHOT fe ufoW fFffefe feF 7 F fe feF fUFfe F 
HfeUF OU F 7 fe O I 

9TF ffeFTT F fHUfe ffefe HF F HOHWOH 
few F'dftH FfefeH F 7 FHOFt HF few (Theory 
of Natural selection) F ftTF H OhcS 1859 feF ffew 
FtF 7 |7'feF few fe FFfet §FFt fecPfe fe.FOFf 
fiTUHFF HOTH F 7 fefe 7 Ft H feF UF F Ftfe Ffe F 
HOT dfe fe I ttdlstdl feF FH" dd'<*> feoT 00 ufe^THF 
fefePHfet Wi.ddsJ OFF F 'HH fet feF feu'd F 
Uffetf 7 Ft I S'dfecS F few F HF HFF FF fed" 
FF :— 

1 . FF-Hd'F OdMdl (Over production)— FFT 
UF F FF feF FfHF feF OF FF fe fej ?U F FF 
tid'd FF 7 HOF I OF t-ife feF Wjfet *HH F op feF 
OW F(F W F W FF UF 7 ddrt Ft UOF ofe OFf FI 
Mfet FFOOfe >FFW feF FOF OF F F feF FF 
feF 7 0"fOF H 7 HF 5 utfefefe feF ffefe" Ft foiwl 
ftfe fePW F feFt F fe fefe fe - HHfet Hfe »fF 
Olftw Ft rtd Ufe F I 

gOF~HUt F 7 fed §F fec( H'B feF 7000 fe fet 
FF feF UF 7 HOF 7 F i F FF feF 7 fe FF 1 UF FF rW 
F 7 OF Ft Utfefef 7 feF few feF UF fefeHH UF F 
FcTdl fe fefe f OfOF Hfe Ffet UOFt ^ FF Ufeuft I 
Ffet FW fefenr feF FF FTF HHH F F feo 30 TOF 
Ft §HO feF fFOTF FF F UOUH OF 7 F I feF FF FF? 
Hdld fed FF 7 FFF 7 F F tffeF fed FFF 3 FF UF 7 
ofOF 7 FI F feoT FF F FF FF fefeF FfFF F 7 750 
H'tt 1 feF 9 ddd 90 ffe <J 'ul UF 7 F F'cidl I Ffe- 
Ofefef 7 F 7 fefe FF WT W T FFF feF 00 30 fVfe 7 
Hdld F feF fesUftHd F feF 7 F I F H'd 77F ^UTT FFT 
feF 7 OfFF F 7 24 ufffeM 7 feF Ft feF tfeototw F70 
F MFU 7 FF fFUF F F'W I F FUFF F fe F fefe 
FFF 7 UF 7 offet Hd'rt Ffet feF 7 OF F 7 OF FF feF 
Ft fefe fe felFFt fefet ffeFF 7 F FfeOTt fe §F UFFt 
F FF 7 HdO F F0T 6dl F FdFF I 810F H'Hdd feF 
feFdO'^d F fe §F0F F 7 HF FtHF F F feF HfeF 
HfeW fU OfFF OF I F fe^TFt feF fe F MOW FtFF 
F F 00 Ufet F OfFF FFt FOT fe F ^fFF tW fe 
HF FI 



si'efed F 7 fefeF 
2 . feferfe fefW (Struggle for Existence)— 00 

few Ffe §■ FW fe wai'd'd two 7 , oftw fe fe, 
WF WTF Ofed FFW fe HF Ofe FI Uffefe F 
Ufet, Ufefe , d'ddcS FTfferoOfeFF F UW fe HF 
Ofe F F 7 F fer WW 7 OFF OF 7 FFF F W fF 
FFF I fOF FcJ 7 UFt Oh UFO F 7 ffetfOT 5T0F F77 ftTF 
IttO F FOF fefe FH HF 7 UFJF cfet FFfef 7 F 
Uffefe F Wfefe f; FFffe fe FrHF fW Wft fe 
OfFF 7 U# ftTF few fefe HH HF 7 fe Ft F 7 
fefe HF 7 fe UOfe Hfe fefe fedd'd FUOF fe U1H 
FO O feF 7 01 F fefe fw few fe>fe HH HF 7 fe 
UOffe Hfe HOTHH 7 few fehOF 01 ffer 

few feUOF fFH fcfFH 7 F 7 OF 7 O I 

1 . woowt muoF-ffer uoro f 7 muoF fw 

HFH F HFfe redd'd OF 7 O ftfe tJWfe »TFFt fw, 
font ffefe fw F FF FF ftwo fetlOFI fe# 1 FF 
Ofe F OFF Hfe nfUF fw HFF OH F FFF 7 FF 7 
Ofe UO F H feF 7 O! JTOOF fefe FF fFFH 7 fw 
WdtH'dl feUOF FF F UHH O fdQTd' feF ?1FH F 
FHO 7 fefe" HF 7 feF ffeffef 7 gfefe OH F fey 7 H feF 
frTO UFffetf 7 F 7 F r 0HF T FOF 7 UF 1 O I 

2. MFd'H'dl felfOF— ffer §0 FtUOF O F W 
fer wfeo F FHO 7 ffeFF OF 7 O I §FTC F FO F 
fOF OFT lyoft F 7 fFUF FOH Hfe fel F 7 fllS 7 FOF 7 O 
F lyoft OFF" fe Ff)HH FOfe O I 

3 . WWH JtFUt mUOF— ffer fellOF few 
fefe HFFfer F fwu 5TO0F O ftfe ffe HOFPfe, 0^" 
W FWFKUt WfFF fWU I 

3, FFF fe ffefe (Survival of the fittest) — ffer 
H HF F Mdl F 7 HOThf fe fed 1 feF 7 O I few F ffer 
BOW 0 OF HUfOH fw FW feft feF fefF OfOF 
OH F feFH Hfe HF F FU CT3T OF OH irfygw 
HFFfeHt OF OH F WJO HoOOH fw ttpfeo" Wf 
fefe H VTO fFF OH I HH H§" feF UF fw fef fef 
fFHH F OOF Hfe UF Hfe Ofe OH F 7 fefe fHOFHF 

uf ffetw 7 ufet f ufferr ferofe ttf fer ufo frroFHF 

fFHH 7 ffer FF fw" fufe OfO trediluf 7 F feF HO HF 
iwofferi Hfe W UF HOF Ffer 7 fHOH 7 §" OF HF 
OH F rtdltH' ffej OF 7 O fF Q<^' F OH Q did F'H fe" 
Offer! 7 §" UFTO Ft Ffet HWO 7 ?fet fi-THfe F ffer Ftf 7 

fen 7 f w^f oo 7 wro Of 7 01 fff ufef nfe fe 

HO" fFF OH I FF HPUH - OF F 7 FFF fe 

fFF Ofe OF §0 H 7 # W Ofe UO F HFfe 7 O I ffer 
HFHTH 7 FFF fHHH Ffe F Ufefef 7 fed fe Hot HOT 
tJfFHfef 7 fedd 'd fe OF 7 O F ffeTFfef 7 Oo'ddO: 7 

nrfe ttrufe few fw #uf i 'ffer fe nfet §h fe 
tfe WF WW >HF fe fetF FTJF 7 O I ffer Ffe few 
felfOH F FW fHH Ufet fe irTHfet feff F 7 HFfe O I 
fHOF few Hfe FOT Ufet fe fFF 7 OfOF OH I 




3FF 



78 



4. ffefeeSd^ 3 ofdddl (Variations & 
Natural Selection)— 33 Tffe fed 577 cV W" feod' FW 1- 
S' I fe3 [dOd* fes RftUHF tft Hd'3 fed 3t 0 tTI 9" I 
■rifeo RU13R 3 1 " H'dHd 1 c(d7> TrfFPR 7 " ftfe <S 'd'^dcd 
ww ^ fs7rs T Crgr S33 3?7i for feff?>3sr 
BWfef 33feF 377 3 'd'FftcFFS ?ti fsft 83 3 
8f38F fe3 RR'dfeR W ufe TIW §R TTRt d'isld'dd 
feftj 33 r 3 3 0H6 rlfeo RIU3R fey 377 3 T H'dHOT 
S3?3 ufeT 3 feGTs STrafew 3t uff 3t fertsd' 83 
rinl Mdl H'dd 1 fed" 8 d'o( 8d 1 rtdl S3 Hdt/1 3” Qd 
sfftHft stvfstt 3fft tfs 7 3 83 3 Rragro w sftt ite 7 
8 F 83 >801 fed ufe UOEl" ^Tijflr? S377 3t fe<Sd' 

eve 1- 3 w fera §33 KRt tfotMhs fes 33t 3 feQ'fe 
feR3f 7 §R3t S'd'Sd* 3 fife 1 " dfed 

3 §3 fe3SOF33 T 3l feft 3^ 7F77S3 7 3t 377 f%3 
37ft, RW3 HS3t fe3 SOF, R377 3 383 318 7 3tH3 
HS3feft syyffeft feftd T ^ i ' §R 3 13§3 3ftl3 fes 
R3fet fefe 33feF 3771 »ffeRfe>r M T F3'fes feTR 7 ^ 
Tlfe fe3R fe3 »FU3t R377 S' ftfe 7 3 I 

dtldd SS77 QcV UfeToF tft 8d oidtH 3 3 
•^'d '^dd rtbl rddld 1 383 377 3” 6c^ 1 UfefeF <7 dtl 
ora f33t 3 3 ^d'Sdd HHUl HlcSRdd 1 (Tiff 3831 33 

d 33 3 fed S333t raHW £ ftt 33133 w hs 7 ^ fera 7 

TTSF 31 fed - 3t feHFftPR 7 757ft fold 1 7F Holy 1 3 fe 
yw WJ3t H T H T (tlf^t) >83 33f (83) OT ?33 
33t 3 3 FTTd 1 " tF WTFSt tFW F 7 ^ 7- 

ora HoTSt 3 1 Hyt-T fed fed fed 1 7F Hold 1 3 tfe fed 
35T feFT dt nFUSt feiddll 3 1 " WT? 3 fe3 fe<3off7 F3T 
3 I -R t-ftv fefdlOH'cS 8l6H'd Mdld 1 d 7 ” 8133 3 rtHtt 3 
Rrat 333 ffet 33 U3 r 3373 1 R 3333t 33 3 fed 3 
33 3§R 77^t 77R3 3 R377 ^ ¥33 W HoF RH3 3 
fRR fe3 R3 3 f3R 3]3 33 1 

?73t>>F 77R7T 3t ^dTU^t— §333t 33 SWcF 
333 MdldR rffe 7- 3 1 " 3f 83*8 33 r 3 frlTj 7 fed 
33333 >8333 8FU3 8FU S' 373 R5f3 3t RRFra 
7F fdFd 1 ' 3fTI fe3t 3fe 8FU3feF fo3 fira^fef 
Qdl'd 1 ^' 3 8fFJ3t 3373 §" RU f33 377 1 fRR fe3 fe3 
33 33 75 T 33 r feoT fsicSd 1 ^' U3 1 " 33feF 377 3 Gd fed 
mi3t R3 T 77 3 fe3R fed" fe3 313 3 f33 37T I feG" 
33T 3J3 Ut^t 33 Ut^t fe3'R3' fed - fe33 3l33 37T 3 
8fFT3T dl3 1 3fe ddlTI dttl tf3R 33 ri'd dcS I fen 
dcj 1 dttl ddil 3 feddd 8FG3 d 1 fel dF tit^feF fed 
313 fe?7 33 d'3 37T 3 Fftffe fed cfe 7 did 1 .<^ 'ttl fecS 
7TR3 3t GdlTdt 33t 3 3 feoCH 3feF 33feF 3 7F3t 
333^31 

3. U.-FfeWfft : 3. ufe. tUF 

; fej HtyfeF 3 feR 73 3 H3ra3 3 T 
R33-H3FR >83 3y3-USHt RfefeF 3 U'GdTl 333 W 
UR3 Rt33 31 fe3 d’ddTi 3t H333 3 cSddldT ^R?t 



33t3 3T 33F >83 R3BF d 7- fe3 35R3 3 1 fe3 8F>F3, 
<8dHl6R ; Ffefe 1 >83 3fMRoT fed'di'd fe3 333t 3377 
3 1 Rfe3 3 fe3 GrTtG - 833 fe3 Rfe3 33 eras' fe3 
513S >83 38F 3t U3l3-33¥3 3t R3t 3 >83 fecT S3t 
37ft sFG^ 3 1 fet 37F78 3R77 533 3 y33>3 >83 
1253 5t. 3^ R3t fes HRftT3 H33 31 R77 636 fe3 
FF3RS 3f38F 3t tRWTl KSfet s!W 3 33 7ft 
?53t 3feT fftl Uf33 RRra 33 RR St fe3 753^ 3 r 
RR 7 ?! feF 31 

W3t - 49, 534 (1981) 

32°37 / §-. feR.; 36°06' y. 3R. 

F. U.-^TT. fe. R. 3 : 882 

cJ'd'R : fe3 383-lfeHt Ht3 T ?7 3 3raR 1F3 W 
fes Rftra 3 3 iftFRl Rftra 3 200 ffe. Ht. 383-333 
S3 1200 Ht. 3tf'3fel 3 RfR3 31 

8Fyf?7S Sra^R IFraRfeRiJ' ?FHt fes 333 Rf33 
3 dRTFd r 3 tftdra-UOT S3 SftW 3fe8F 3 1 Hf33 
R33 >83 fSfHF 3 HOFF 3Ht HR33 3 I 

HFRFt - 25,123 (1976) 

28° 50' §-. feR. ; 54° 34' y. 3H. 

F. U-ulF. fe. VF. 3 : 882 

: fe3 IFratiT McS'cStFF 3 1 " fes UHR 
S33T Rt fddd 1 12 St Hdl ftt. U. 3377 ddcfrtln 3 
GwfWHfeF 3t >8dfS'gl 33 11301783 yftftGtU W 
33 RHfH8F 7F3 r 31 U3 7 33S'-fefeP8 T 77 3 SFF- 
fef3P8F7 3t 83 >83Rra 3rat>8c7 3S 37F77 fe3 
33337 efeft 3fet»F fRfeft SR 1 8F3 1 H3 3 81373 
fe3 >8raFFR Rf33 3 833 fe3 8F S fet >83 TFT!! 7737 
HSTra 7 U770F7ftRK, §13R, RlF33 r 3 HRtTffeF §83 St 
SH7FS3 3131 3 7 H T1 R3T 3 >83 f%3 (1100 ftt. 8.) fe3 
S3 Ht3t>8?r 833 3 fttR 7 , HWR, orafe (Crete) 333 
8Ff3 feR'feoF 3 St 333 .3 313 1 750 ftt. 8. 3337 
fftslTft WROstVF 3t RROet HR >833^3 fe3 
RfetfttR feft 3 feHTft 3 HrafeR feft 3rat>877 3 
OPH'dlFF >8 1 H T 3 OHfeftl feft RR fRRTft 3 ftlRW 
833 fe3 St sF3t>8(7 77>8 T H T 3t 33183 cftGt 3IHtl 

^rat>877 RSt Rfeyf'd'Hcl 3 SFF-fefeFF 1 ?! 8R 
fes SW S33T Rt f3R3 wft RfeWd 7- 3 
8Ffe§7ft>8?7, Hl§'7ft>87r 3 3373 S33F 3t Rf3>83 T 
7377 >8013t WY Iffttl 3rat>83 3ft>F fRFfRHOT 
371783 S W f377 SHtfRHF fed - S^feft BlHfeft §173 

u 

3 S33 RyraOT, 8F33FR 3 8133 R77 1 7 Sf >83 
6St.Ht.y. 3377 fe3 8)33 3 SR 7 , §3-3338, HF377 
H2 T §3 3 ^Rrat S73 8R Uifet R77 1 Rtft ftt. 8. 3S 
R8 3733 3 333^ fe3 3ft3S 33T 3 % S33 7F3 33 
3771 



F. 8.— ufe. fe. HO 4 : 185; >>1S. »ffe 9 : 297 




79 



sS'ttdrtdlrl 



si 1 dl rf (Tarim) : fe? dire e feffexfeT Wl did 

ueeyre 7 ? ire? fe freeret ue 7 ? e fee ee fte? ?fe ?, 
e 7 HU efee? ? 1 fee et fee BW) fidlddl' 2,030 fe. 
)ft. ? Ud fctQTcX td Pdef 7 WJd ' dHd 1 ei 7 ? Xdttt ! 1 

dfereefee ffet fen et wt 

dTOul ? i fen e 7 yore 1 e?dr reefs 7 Here eye? fee 

?t ire 7- ? ure fee e Tre f? 7 ? e 7 e? fee 7 de e 

Ud'sft tre? f?d ?t UF ? I fe? si 'dlK UpHtS fed ut 
?dld' ? fee fdH efere e dH t'fd'JI''?' ??l fe? ¥t 
Hf 7 ?? 7 H 'ddl UTUH? FreWtF d fod 1 ? I fe? ofpHrtH' 
>H? M 'dUd t! fd H 1 ? 7 e HdlH cT tj fi'X 7 ? I HdlH cT 

wdiddi 350 fe. Fit. ffe?-uge fee' uree reef free 

?re w e fen fee' fvre feet ?i fere re 30 fe. et. 

e'uie ut fere fee m 7 e erere efenf 7 fet fee fee 

fere rife 1 e 1 old 1 * efcW fee re? ere fee e?re 40 

fee fee fet uret dfee 7 ? ee fe uperet reet re ? 7 

ere eeiet ?i nrere refete et re? re efefeeyrer 

rerfee reef ? ure refete nrere 7 70 fe 1 so retre? 

*\ 

uret fee re fet unre uee 7 ? 1 

eeree-fere fete fe freere e ee? *fe ?t fee 
fee 40 ° fefee. fe efere uffeteredre e eere re 
fereet e 1 fee e drere fee ere eere ere renr-cvd 
re 7 etre e fefre et refeefre urei ereed re ?d?dt 
fee effere e 7 uret fee rife' ? ere erefter fee e?? 
funittu ?rre effeef 7 fee re - h fe ?re 1 efcPX 7 
refete e efere re ere ?ere feufeere ere fetre 7 eere 
9,51,500 ?. fe. et. ? fee re ere ree ere 7 fee 
tfree 7 w eee 7 ? fffe- 

1 . reere 7 erere erere-fee efeetre eeife 
ere ere? ? re fere fee 157,500 fe. et. (105,000 
efre) e ferere uee re ferere 450 re w-dis/di 2500 fe. 
et. fee fee fee feere urere efre refetre urei fee 
ere e feree fee reeee cset, yee fee refete ere 
ufee fee ffeeeeei 

2. Tiyfreerere et uet-fee e etre fee 
fetrewre ere y?e fee ufete ei fee e §ree ere 
ufee fee eure e yerere urefwr fet feefe rr ei 

3. feu ere reerere efere - fee uee erufre 
ereeret ere, ereere ere ee refefere use refeef 7 
fereei 

4. eee efere ere ufeteer fet-fee fee uere 
?u fee feefet re ererere erelfeer f>ft ei fee ere 
ere reufeerere e fleeter ei fee e eure fee 
cS'tSH '(5 ueere et eeefet ere fere e fere fet feufet 
fee urei 

refefeeftref^e^feireeureureeiefetere 7 
fee re fee 7 fet reef 1 efere j-revre efetue 10-12 fe. 
et. reefeteieurererre 7 ue T re 40 o re. ei 



si 'die efere fee ereeuret fegre effeer ere fee 
eter erefeer fieter 7 e ere rere fet ufet feet e 1 
effeer fee efet efet feet ei fee re fere 7 ? 7 urere 
?efet e uere 7 fe - e ere ere fere ere efeefelere 
d silef? efee ?t fee ere 1 

fee et ferefet ?e et erefeure' e 7 eu erere 
fiufreerere ere ffere 7 fee ereer, crure, eee, ere, 
fere epfe et ue 7 ? 7 ? feet e 1 fee re few ? 7 urere ere 
fee et u? feu feor Hfere?uere efe e 1 

U. y.->>re. fe. e-.n :562 ; fe. fe. f . 5 : 312 

(yfeT) diH^ : fee efeefet feeder 7 ? 
ere urere 7 ? e 7 Tree 6 rre??t, 1832 re eredreeder 
feu dfeen fe? 19 ?t Het e eiutd e 7 feu Here 
ueee efefedu eft i ere 1847 fee fe? ufee ere 7 
fdTer ere fee u? ere fefuer unre uure feud? fee 
re ‘Journal pour rire’ ffet dUT-fe ?? 7 et feu re?t 
urefet ere get ?t g?u e 7 Here efefedu efreer Tire 
red? i fed 1847-54 e?re fee re uu? e get ?re 
ere e? feed' re fere 7 ? 7 90 re ?t ?e uHreu 7 ffet 
refefe 7 erefete? i fee re ere, fereere, eetfetrr ere 
dretxre ?d?r htf? ufee euu 7 eter unrefe ffet 
fere? ?t erefei 

feu feredu? ?rr red uef uure 7 e?re reut eft 
u? fedirere fee fee eter fere 7 re nure ire'fder 
ferer i fee e fere ? 7 feretedH efedt fere? m 3 h ree J 
ere fe'dlHd retfedi et ufedtere’ re re?re feu u 7 ? 
re? re ued'fere sftre 7 feier i 

fee e 7 fere? 'dtefe ?e K 7 eu , fref wii? 
eHeu'ffSdcS feffeerefeuffeFdf^eifferreBr^ 
udHu ere fefreeeu fee ?t fere? i fee re Hdrete? 
?e ?t u? eefre 7 unre offret i 

23 ere?dt, 1883 £ ufee feu fee fe ire ? 

diet i 

n. U.-XlS'. fe. H 7 . 3 : 628; Xl?. >HVf. 9 : 264 

oJ'ttdrtdltH : fe? ??re e fed 7 ? der e 
ureefe ffe| e 7 uteut efed ? e fredt uffer efeer 
e yee ?ff efere ?i efu? fe eenjre 7 1862 fe. fee 
eurere ereere re feret fe e §e eif g e 7 ???[Ud e 7 
uffere? fei fer 1888 fee fee ftfeeurefe nrefet 
diet 1 fee? dd'ferel fufe fe ufee-dfere e 7 ue? ? 1 
QeMfdiu uu re fee re 7 ? erefet feet ?i fee? fee 
?ret yrefedfeet reere efere e urerr ?re i ue feer 
HH?? rererereferr urfe efe? e etre ?e d? 1 

erefet - 56,323 (1991) 

24 ° 3 ' ft. fee. ; 84 ° 4 ' U. fee. 

rr. y.-Xte-. fe. h 7 . 3 : 862 ; feu. 3 T. fee. 11 .- 128 




si'ttdrt , H'rt 



80 



fe'MfeA, rP7i ■ fed wafer aarffe wd 
fffe-fdfaiwfe d 7 arid 6 dddd, 1766 £ TO? 
fed fedl3dfe33 fed llWI fed 3 Wfe fdOdll 
d 7 y<Jd' dd 7 H'TidHdd fed 9 did fed 7 ! fed £ 1787 
fed HHd-fefaWd d 7 WfdW3 aj offer Wd wife 
dfed d H3T33 57 Ife fed WcfTFcfr 2,00,000 Udfe 
a fead r a offei fer £ wife fear 7 3fe wife wu 
Mdd adfe I fed fe liflfe feat 0Hdc( ‘ Metero logical 
observations and essays’ (1793') dtl fer fH3c< fed 

fer £ wit aa3 dfewi ofe yfe ^ H3 7 fe fewfew 

offet dfe fe I 33 1794 fed fed H fedddd HrffeoT 

wa awffe few a 7 fed afew ffew wa tfe a 1 

§3 3dd dWd fed £ W1W irffer yrr-ufe ‘Ex- 
traordinary Facts Relating to the Vision of Colours’ 
cffew; “ferr ^ waa at ?a?a fe feafe 733 Alua 
W3¥ 3d I” fed fed fed £ Udfe feddd 7 , fed £ 

3WSW W ^dcf-WI3T fed afer 3, d 7 dd d 

ufefe offer >>fe wife 3 ddfdW 7 fed 0fV3 

ffefe er HW fedWI fe 1803 f id fed £ fed 33 
yrr-iidd fefet wa aaa aafe awa 7 din 1 a 7 aufe 
sflfsTfeW fed fed fed dr bffed'-ddW d 7 ffedd 
fel fed W3. fe. 335f fe fed 7 ^ feyf fe 
fdfeW fe dfetW dlH 1 d 7 UM'd-d^ld'cf fed dd 7 d I 

fed £ dfe d mfeddf fdfed £ feorfdd fed 7 
fed 3 'dd fed £ Wdoff sTldcff fefdlW7j" d fed 'fe 
fed feef df?)W fed 7 d I fed £ fed3 dfe dfe (WddT 
dfedfod) , dl 'do( U<i 1 Wd d'dH d o( 'dcS 7>'« dddd 
^ddff ife fed 1 fed 3 Ufet fe wfaddd UJ33 7 d 7 
ddd 7 fe dd 7 rtdl 1 few I 

33 1800 d 33 dH'fed-fefelWd fed fed W 

fef fed fe fed Ifedd fefedd fed 7 fed §" d^ 
d 7 WfdcT ddfe" d 7 ffedd fed 1 fed 7 d 
(?TO d 7 fedd) I fed 3 fed fe dfdW dd fed 7 d 7 
dfed 7 ?! Vd 1 ffetf 7 fed 7 d d 7 fed tdfew 7 33! fed fe 
33 IT33T 7 dWd 7 did 7 fe Iffe fed tyddfedd 7 , did 7 
fe Ud33 dd »fe =333333 fe 337T 7 fe dfedd 7 
fetffet I 13333 fe IJddrdW d afefe 3d 7 d 7 U3 7 
fefeW, ffedfdfe W3 dd-WFfe d ffedd 7 £ 
fed 7 W3 W3 fed Wife fdfefe fefeTfed 
fed 7 1 fed fdfed WWd dd 33 Sd fed, dlPfe >X3 
bffecddt offe d dfe dd d77 1 fefe dfe fed 1 dfe fed 
fe Ud3cT ‘New System of Chemical Philosophy’ 
(UfdfdddT 1808 ; fdd 7 331 1810 ) fed JddWdTT I 

fed fe H3 27 iWfe, 1844 fe ddldddd fed 
dfe »13 fed fe fed fe W fed fed d 7 fed §3 
ttdl'feW fdTWI ddW dd H ffedfetW 7 fefefeW 
fefeW dlfeW d3, fefe fed feW d '3d defefe fe 
^dfe ^fe Kdfet dddl, dd 1 HdVdddd §3 ddfet 
dKW 7 dfeW, dl^'d dlfeW I 

TJ. U.-ntd. fe. 7 .11 ; rffe. fe. H 7 . 3 :358 



sS 'ttd* H 7 f?>CTK (Dalton's Law) : fed 

ffedd fedldd 3H'fe<i-fe1fewfet fefe 33d <S fe 1801 

fed Ufesl'fed fed 7 1 fed Wddd ffe d feddd d 7 

fefe ddfe fer fedfew fef fef fra 7 d Mffer ddfe d 
§3 33 d dddd dd 7 dl fefed ddfe fe ddfe d 
ffed 7 fe 33-133 3 U3 fra IFfefe d dd fe fed d 7 
WfedcS, feddd d fe Wfedd d dddd dd 7 d I fed 
ffedd Wddd d 7 Odd fe 7 ffet df ddf d( 

3. y.-nfe. fe. H 7 . 3 : 358 

of '«£J , iTfe : Udfe »3 Udtfet fed 93 'fe 
ddd fed feferwfe d 7 dedd 10 dd, 1706 £ 3371 
fed dfUdfetedd fed 3fewi fed 3 fed Wdddd 
W-ldfet dddfe W3 fed fefeld ifetfeffed, ddd d 7 
feWd W3 Wdfet fife 7 feddd fe 333 fet fed 
fedfe fedfd3 Sfetl fed OdraTTdd HadfetW' d 7 
U3d dt »f3 fed £ Wild 7 Uffeddd tfe 7 >Hdd3 OTK 
fed 7 fed fdWI fed IdH-fefeWd W3 dfe- 
fefdTW?l fed H 1 fed d felW, 1752 fed fed £ WriTd 
fed lifed ?dd udar ataT hw ddafe d 7 dird dd 
did 7 I d ddd HdT3 fed £ W3 7 dfefedtdd fe fed 
d Wd 7 ! 

dd 1747 fed fefdd d d93 fd 33d 7 fed 
ddd feud3 £ 3fd eddft fed 7 d 7 ddd 7 , dd ?d- 
fedrd d felW I dd H d id ofe 3Td fedT fed dd3 d 
9^1 H'y zj dd d 7 55'Aoi 3 ddSft <5 ' fed ^ dd Wtl 
dfed W3 o( '@<5 8l A d 7 fed W333d 373 f3Wd 
fed 7 1 fed WfedoHd 3d fed 3 fe fefed 

aarfefe 3 safe H33 fed 7 fe sdid feaifed d 
dddcT Hd ddd dWd 7 Iffefe fef drd £ iddd 7 fdfe 
cf Itfl I 

fed fe dd 30 Tfedd, 1761 £ 333 fed dfe I 

d. U.-fe. fe. H 7 . 3 : 607 

: 3fefe3 d feddd dd #d dfe d 
wfew ?5fe fed Wd fe d I fed fe d3 dfew (dfe 
fcldU'dl Iffet) few 3 ft5 sfl (Delphinidae). 
U3df3dd3t (Platanistidae) Wd dfedfe (Stenidae) 
dfe d ITfew 7 £ 3fefe3 fed 7 fed 7 d Wd dd 7 
dfefefdfe (Coryphaenidae) d3 few dddfe dfeW 
dfe fed fe WdW fed 7 d I 

gi'CFdl fertfe* fd Wd U33 IPfe d3 ffefe fe 
dd ^ddTft fdfe dfe d I fed Wife dddd 7 , Mdld 1 
333-H33 Wd H3d 7d3 fefe 5fd 33 few 7 Wrdd 1 
dfe iridd d3 I fefe few 7 iridd dfeW 7 33fef33 
33 fe Wd sf '(ifeii (Delphinus delphis) Wd dd3- 
dfe fe dfe 3fed3 (Tursiops truncatus) 33 1 




81 



^ T ttH T 7T, j^dteldot' 



Imfgfeel ee fee 14 urFetw 7 we '^oidly* 
32 eetw 7 wfetw 7 g ?7 (VkJsfl'JF HW WW % 
aeeg 7 fee feeetW 7 TO" I yee-gBe# ? 7 oT gfe 

d 1 Wfe?) flFT H«<# , cCR TF g# We gSTfT U'BiG Ufe 
ftrg.ggr e, deadly* 1-4 at. fee yfet g?r i fe?# e 7 
WFe HgfW 7 gg We feg eat HfefeW 7 fe 

fg 7 fee fafefelW gfeetw 7 U?) I 




sS'tffe* 



UrtdfcSHdoJl §75" fee era UtFetW JFKW U7> I 
tfe?} 7 fe tifdWg' fetW 7 ^ ' rt f.6 rt 1 c([dt! d6 We fed 
gg gfe lafet eyfet wvrate 7 we aatw fe w^fe 
ufetw 1 - fee fewfe gg i fez# el eg eel, wr tatw 7 
efeyeaeet evrag get gi 

naffest ee fee ot to f feet eg gefew 7 
fefefg?# etw 7 fee utreW we wfe rretw 7 
yfffetw 7 gg i fee fae-ret efewg 7 e ayera 7 fee 
fHafetw 7 ggi 

3%fgg Hi# (Coryphaena hippuras) fe Hratnrat 

tf sd'lj gt efgfegg i for e 7 fee ge 7 , aatg yea 7 e 
,.yg cfet gat get g i ?ra agf vae 7 tf =tgf get g e 
eegtag 1-5 vff. eet e 30 fe. gr. d r dl get gi feg 
mg aara fe fae-yet e ate-fae ufetw fee 
feaet gi fen fe yea gt fee 7 gi fee et fee gy 

IrlO'el fret UHyfe fefefgg (Coryphaena equiselis) 
gi 

F. U.-^tTT. fg. H r . 3 : 609 

'•' > 

si 1 £if<s a d Ad : feg d'de gwjg yea ya-r 
efgHFFUETjH ffe^- et fee ?# fet yeddier fet feyfet 
aw g fe fe fee feaeg weyfy we eyegt nefe 
gat fee negg ete 7 #§?}■ g 1 fee et e<# fe gferw 
g# e 7 tfe eeeg aeg e wary a 1 sqo et. et fefete 



gi aara# fe- fee uafet eutne e yeg 7 ? ge fee 
yfee 7 fee eege Hey d 1 gt ge 7 et yg feg 1876 et. 
fge >ee fee eg 7 ^ ew g few 7 1 

17° 41' §\ fee, ; 83° 19' U. «e. 

F. u.-feu. 3T. fee. 11 : 367 

TOH, >HdT»yde : HFeefer e fee ?eegg 

m 7 *> 

efewg yfe -eeFee e 7 fnw 4 wegeg, 1892 e 
fedesyddi fee gfe»F 1 feg 1922 fee «w yre^wr 
eae we yigigteTgeg e 7 g'fegegg we i93i _ 32 
fee yetefet eegt eee fe ufew 7 feg eeggfeg 
fgrHetwg eefeee veget _e ee eer fee age 
eggigege 7 eti 

feg eat, 1932 fee efeeg efew >wfe efefegt 
fe fwet wfee egrfee 7 we gereg fey fe ege 
tree ege fee fe weetw fe gg Oe 7 sfte 7 ! 

ge 7 H’Oct ee e T gefeet fee get fee giaret 
ee^ feefe ew, 1933 fee feiet aaee $ Hytew 
eg fee 7 >ne ee-eefet Heore eg feet 1 fee fe fee 
wgtwet-H d T g T et ger earfee ofte 7 ferae 7 fe gy 
gy few# gray 7 et g7#-eet fee ?ggTfge ge e 
wfee at we fee fe 9g ueg 7 eg<g set fee fe 
feefet e d^fe'dl aygae gt ijere ete 7 ! feafe 
wefetw e 7Ffftw e 7 ~sz e He r aH T o#e r ferae 
eete ge 1 feeeg rgraer g few 7 w §efe we^tw 
ger e 7 afetera ete 7 >ne waetw e ?rf# eegfeto 
et Hee etet 1 feafe ggggt, 1934 fee waetw e 
aeegfetw fegy gt# eragfet ege wye ger fe 
yeg fee yfew 7 we vraig awn-gel feeg' fe e^ 
ae^lfewiewfet, 1934 fe eg agerae geetw 7 fe fee 
e e T ee gfew^e set fegee yfe?r ete we 
gtww fee feafe wye eggg fee gt era fee 7 1 

F. U.Wte. Wt. 9 : 260 

^SVF??, .^dldfdo< f^FTd 1 ^ : frae?#efee 
fry fefeewg e 7 nee 13 eat, 1785 fee 
aeeeaggr fee feeera fey gfewi fee ege?# e 
aeteae e 7 ^fe 7 feefeaet et 1 fee fe wye ee e 
afeee e 7 1848 at. e 7 yae 7 fewra ege fee gt 
efet fearre ofteti fee fe eueggi?) we geg fey 
wyet fefew i|ue sftet 1 feitetw?r e 1806 at. e 
HdH?# fyg gee et fee fe egfet w’feeTF etet we 
feg egefet e 7 fee eggrae geragget ae fewi 

ae 1812-1829 e OTe feg ete fey fefeee 
e 7 wftiwye feg 7 ! a?r 1829 fee feg gafegie 
g7#ggfaat fee ee 7 few fire fea fe 1833 at. e 
gfegg e afeee e 7 yge 7 fewra ege fee eee 
etet 1 ee 1 a'ewg wgeaa wdiHdH fe 1837 at. fee 



^'rtntMU, fes Drtdl 



82 



Hfeu 1 * s MHutw uu fss 7 s 7 fen s urfedrs s 
hs Mftwuu 7 hhs fen s 7 feuu uts 7 ! fen 3" fen §” 

HMdrt UU fed 1 f^W I fed for S 3? Uf tt'dlufrldl 

ms feu fes urafe i 

mshs suu ms ufeis s few s 7 fen s 

UUTPffSU few S HUS WS fwi for S’ S 

fecrsu hw s muths nfeu'csu d'Hdyal st 
fevrfes utst u fu nsfe hus st hshj s pus feu 
crussfei 

HS 1842 fes feu HUT ycSfedfedl fes 
MftWUU y<i feWI feiT S’ fSdldd si MS dd'H fes 
UStM 7 H-dl'^S' W UHSU 7 fotftM 7 ffef fes feH S 
ydd'sfel H UW S sfe S >>fes HfPW I 

HS 1848 St y.dl'US S SUS ddUddd 
UpfecSH* fes feH S feU'd' S HUS^UUUS H 7 fest 
Hint I US UUUUUS MHHSt S fsfecT ffefeHH SH S 
UUHSt S 7 HUSH'S feSM 7 S 7 W5W $ fet §H 
SUSHS S 7 HHU HSUfeM 7 few fUUS 7 HUfoS H 7 feu 7 

st s 7 fu wm s hsfs §■ ssr us Sts' ufe uu 

d>fdo< ffeStMK s ss uus s fen s suss was)’ 

S MUdfe 7 S fss 7 ! USStUS fe MHUU5S' S feH S 
HSUS yskdHdl feSU^'fUHHf UUfSS 7 ! 

feH S UUHSt S fefSd'HU MS d'HcSldU iffHM 7 

s ufewst us uhsu nut humTi 

5 SHUU, 1860 s HS fey feH fe HS U Ufet J 
U. U.-ntS.MPr. 8 :426 ; fer. fe. H 7 . 3 : 847 

F’WftW, W7> UTi^t • feH MU1S HUHS 
McW-HST MS SSH f?SH T S T S’ SSH ^HdCrtM 1 fed 
PSUHUS fey 6 HSHU, 1830 s ufewl HS 1851 fes 
fed HUS U«' few MS Qfe tT 7 U MfefdQ d'H PUS 
AfeUMS UdHlcV ye'Qe HHtft Sf cffs r MS HMfS fes 
fOTSWT^UH^SSStPTWJS^HUS^IWTStHS 

s Hufe for S St sfess s cpfet fes fes fewi 

fWSHWMnjWHSM.dddl'fed SSS?SRsfeM T l 

fens srfe)d T ms f-fsr s sss fes pshIs s 

MMddd fes MS USHt felUd 1 SHt ddHd' ffeS 

gw Stsi MTcnft 32u'.dT s hhu fes fen S 1863 
fes, ffes?s ijraw S5t 1864 fes Sd^W dPStT 
UHSHW sst MS 1873 fes M3THS HdW SUt ofet 
tM?3t§3FS fSMS SfS I 

fey S ST3" USU SHJT gS'SUH d 1 rtHtMU 
(1859-1906) S MM ^HS drtl.dddl'fe'd SSS 
fSMS efts MS feK ffet f^S fef Hdsidsi UHSoT 
(Telephotography, 1899)foutl 

feR St HS 30 SHHU, 1883 S fSfstSs ffeH 

UHtl 



M'dcSW^ - : for .dd'Hlnl HdftSW 
S SSM 24 UH^t, 1858 S Sts (Le Mans) fetf 
UtHM 1 " I fOT S MMS fUsr MS W S fWS MS 
MWTS ?TfP T fHlWI HFSS HUftS ffetSMS MS 
SSS S d r f«S cTSfT MTU fyQfedf S ftffefM 1 ' UMS 
SdS^lltS feR S sfHSS St ftWSSt SUft HU oSst I 

ufew ferr s wr wtsw i ’ s w uf us-faus 

WfeMT’ St US oftst feu S HUftS S HUS FTdUTH 
HSt fed UH c<dc5 ?5St MtSMM c(dt!' felF MS 1890 
St. ffes fes S FPWit S 1- MMcf uttw HSftS HHfeU 
UH oftS r I U r St?7 HSfts S HHS-HWK-HHS S UF 

w ?pst for S MMst us?ft ms ^ySlsHSMPi ?w 
fss HTfer ^ HS??t St HHMPS fitSs 
sgots ss ms ufen fun - ssfts s usiw fss i ufers 

fey^ yU S HMfS fe?H S M'y fe>o( feoPSS HWS S ffe 
HUS HUS dd I 

fen S issts HSftS 7SS HHHS HfSt UHSoT 
UoPlHS oldWl^F MS fen st UHSS 'st fSUSUSHS 
MTU St tyffecT MTU st WSSt71H MS HdlcSH 
HSdtH' (1915 MS 1944) feH ySSffeSHSUSPSHt 
HPT 1914 ffeS feu feUTSS ffes SH few MS 1916 

st. ffes ussntMU ffey wss Hurts s MfsMM pfel 
fes WU St HUMPS oftst I 

28 UUUUt, 1840 S HU feu USSvftMU ffeU feH 

st hs u urst i 

U. u.-^lu. ffe. H 1- . 3 : 608; UW. ^lU. 6 : 339 

ciWc/19, : UUfe S feH 1{W 

HSUt S 1 ” WH 18 SP7, 1884 ffeu UUH ffeH 
o( 'dU'PidJH ffetT UfeM 1 " I 

§U SU fefSUTT S’" MfwUoT HUPT HUTU feu 
1919 St. ffes SHU M 7 ^ fsUUttT S 7 HHU HS fePH 
MS 1919 S 1940 SU feu UIW ftfMfetM 7 S 7 HUUTU1 
<5d 1 feu 7 1 JTPT 1924 fed UUtMS St HUcSU fes fep 
HraPfeM S 7 HSUt UfeM 7 1 HPT 1925 S 1933 SS fo 
S HS SUU UUU HSUtM 7 US UK efts 7 ! 

31 HcSUdl, 1933 S feH U MMSt HdcTU HSfe 
UU fed HUcSU fedU MSSHU, 1933 SS Ut US Hfet 
HS 1934 feS feH S STft Wt HUW HSSt MS & 
fet feUU U'd UUS Ut SS HSt I MUST, 1938 fes fe 
fed UU'rt HSdt yfdM 7 1 feH UUt feH S UHd ffe* 
MhJSt U'ddl §" d^Tfe’St U'ddl OT SfUM 7 I 

HS 1938 fes fefffSS feU USt d'AddH ter 
feH S fedlAsi S UCFS HSUt PUS felS S SUH7ft SS 
HHHS 7 dftS 7 I W 1940 fes SS UUfe SUHPft U 7 
few s 7 fes s sut-feit uumM fsut Muutsr tfes 
huctu yu'Oe st mhus btIhh oftst uu flufe ffe 

fey S fUTUSU HU fSM 7 few MS Ud'H feMPS 



U. U.-niy. ftr. H 7 . 3 : 356 




83 



d'WlS, fes 



felM 7 I feu fen - ffu TOf UfidfeM 7 fUlM 7 MU UMU 
feu fwut tut u uu u feu §■ udust u u^s ore 

fUR 7 felM 7 I US 1945 feu MHUfes itu s for §■ • 
mutu aru? 7 fuu 7 ! gu u hm^- feu uuu ww 
feuutu u 7 hw ze feTM 7 mu 1958 ut. feu feu s 

d 1 tH ol dl S fd M 1 d I fed 1 ” MU M7?U frid 1 d fd cf ij 1 cfl 

ut teddil uutu artut i 

10 W3W, 1970 feU Qfeu feu fen Ut HU O’ 

dldl I 

ZT. y.-^ts. fir. H T . 3 :845 ; >>IS. Wf. 8 : 433 

sfTttH : feu fediA'sJ ut fus oifQzt u 

fesfeu fun fears u 7 fesr ufuu (ufeu) u u uuuut us 
U g^- feu 7 fag+u we fear fuut we we\ uufet 
§UU ufeu UI feu U 7 3 U 7 3* QuS W fe-HWT 
sw uufuM 7 w Hofu T u i QTffeT Hut feu feu fear 
Hdd dHSd’d H fdH U 7 cRf CPUS 5TU feTM 7 Ht MU 
d'drtH fecfSH UiTSMMdS gUUT VfUU cV^rtoCd' S 

muis - s'^h*' feu wt feu U 7 gaftM 7 saru 7 fefuM 7 ui 
feu UHT-HUJUT MUU feu ftfTUM (Vacuum) ufu UU 7 
US ^'d'^ddcr ugr§- UMU 7 Ucf^ (SHU) Ut felft 
SUTU^S But HUrfeM 7 felM 7 Ht I feu HUU HSt USS 
u 7 fuMU odd 1 H'o(« u 7 uwd feu star fuu dfeM 7 
w 1844 feu yunpopuuttw feu Qssgferarwu 
S 7 UEt I feu ffet feu H'ddl S UUUd'dld UUT feu 
dHdltt aftu 7 felM 7 I feU 3U-HU3T §“UU feu McfUSU 
7 5 3 UtfU feu feOdcS MUSUcTH'dldl 3S U TUB’ 
HUS’ ofet %U U3UF U MUU tSU 7 U MU cfet gUT SFUU 
M^Ur UI feU UdU r 6dM r W UUU ut pudu U 
feUHUt UJd’-HUdT HfeM 1- tT i U T U I 

M T U 1 Ut - 10,755 (1981) 

50° 35 7 §■. feU. ; 3° 28' U. HU. 

U. y.-«te. fe W. 3 : 922 

S'^jl , : UUH U feU Ulrfutr 

fUUdoTU U 1 ’ U7U4 11 HUt, 1904 §" UtUTUUT feu 
UfeM 1 - 1 HUfUU HUH - M^ ufefe MUSU feu feu U 1 9 
uut U dUfe^U U ufetp^u, MfWUHU^ MU’ 
fe^fuuu u uufe - feu ut uftyM 1- 1 

fedlHU ufefe UtM 1- tHUU" MU IffeU U UUU- 
U T dU¥ T UtM t U feldcT feU M 1 ^ cTUU 1920 feM 1- U 
MU feu feu ut ewt feu ufeMfet W dfetl feu 
Mfeul§ drfift ut fuut arw et nyufet ir%Uor 

UHt U UUU uu r feu UfeM 7- 1 33 1929 feu OfUU feu 
#1U §UUU feu S US-Hdldd fuUUoUU MHJUT 
ufesHUcftun 

US’ 1940 U feu MHdtar feu, fsfgrw feu 
?U feTM 1 " feu feu S’ MTUU 1- ?Ud r UVU UfeSd, UoPTU 



Ut MtldSl UU T UU, uirfuMf MU’ UlfufeM’’ U fetufes 
fUMU UdS - sut »d] , r«M T l fes 1950 U 1970 UoT 
ufer feu ufef fofdd 1 W HU feu 1- UUHcr ut I 
1940 feU feU S fsQM'dd W3E3 UMU HUt feud'U 
Ufe M^ ?tHU’ fsJd'fe* feMU Ut^l feU S 
'fe^fets orwt’ (1954) MU 'sUS crfeuus’ (1975) 
upfu UUUdT Hut dtr-fuuu w\ HUfel feu U feHT^’ 
sf'rtl S ‘Un Chien andelou’ (1929) ‘L age d’ or’ 
(1931), Lacemaker and Rhinoceros', (1961) M^ 
[io«H T ?fet fuu fUUU ^t UUfel 

33 1965 feU feU S U^U U 1- UU UU T feM r 

feuu 1 - feu uuu feu feuut^utuujTtifeusuu 
yuuaF ^t feutM 1- ffe7 feu ‘ut utorau Bfefe Mfe 
fHH^'si'd Ufet’ (1942), fetffe’ (1944), ‘feuut 
Ut^TSU UPU HUU $ 'ddHHTTfeu’ (1948) MU feuft 
MU7 HWS - MW" (1951) MrfU UUfU US' I 

4. y.-nte. ty. 3 r . 3 :354 ; ^7T. M>t. 8 : 415. 

^TT : U^tUS U feU ofet MU 
fefdd'Hol'd U 1 ’ 333 29 MUIUU, 1708 S’ feSHddl 

feu ufeM 1 " i feu uutus - ufeu u 1 ’ uftw uferu syar 

•v 

ut fuu S Hfefgrs ufwuu feu feTM^-UHJUt u 
feu’s*" S fSM'Qd: ut offen oftut I E3 EJSfeufUcft 
feu fuluM T iruu cfdu fuuu feu s fear o<«l* muru 

feU fufUMg" odd 1 I feU UU r «die U fe 

ufefeu U utuu H'fodcr dH'«, ‘Then swanska Argus’ 
(1732-34) UT MSUf feTUU sPHIs Ut Ut, feu 




§HU^S d’HlA 



uufes U H’fuuof UUU feu UUU ufttu u fUP>F I feu 
UtM* - U ?UUoft f^TUr MU Hd'oCfe feufeu feUUdt’ 
( 1 742) UUt UyutM* - UUU ?fet US I ‘ut ZE MUrfs Ut 
Ufeu" (1740) feU Ut UU U ¥UtMT MU UfifU f?U ?ft I 
feU feU MU 7 UUtUS U HoT ut MU ^U U HtHcT 
Rufus’ U H’tlH'd* Ut UfU’fSUd' oTdU USI feu BUT 
UUWUTUUUTUtl 




84 



fete". ffeWH dlHd 1 ? 



H7T 1751 f?U feu H?ldc5' U UHTctHU U 7 
faftPHU MU ffefe Htt'dUd fcSMUd ufeMMHW 1753 
f?U feu HfelsSH MU'UHt MTU feutuU" U 7 Hc(dd 
dfeM 7 ! feu fei" of 'dt Ut H'fidH UUU 

feu H7T 1756 U 1761 UU UU HW fffe feH fe HUT 

uuuu ^ uu feu 7 few 7 i feu uu few feu fe Mnfet 

UKU %U TdHddl MTU Ut HUtUH fUUT^H’ (1747-62) 
fe fUU fawfe feu HUHW feu 7 I HU HTFW fe §Ufe 
1755 ut - . feu feu Hfet fefeuwu UfeM 7 I H77 1763 
feu MFjfet HU HIT feu HUt UUTWJ Ht I 

feu fe feufat UWrfHUt fet feu HUFHW 
cffWd 1 ? 1 ' MU fUMUFUHU U UUUUte" THUU fed" I 
Mnfet" UUUU Hrtl oCdrt feu MUtfe HH" U 7 UfUU 
hWIsTI buu ut i 

12 MU1HU , 1763 £ Hd'oidH fefe feH Ut HU 3" 

fetl 

U. U.-fe. fe. H 7 . 3 : 354; fe. fe. 8 :416 

iPW*, ffettff dlHfe 1 ^ : utufau Hfet 
UUU? fe fetffewut UU Wgt 1912 feu fefUU- 
fefeiw WZ\ WHW UdHoCd uhw uuw ufe - feu 
fetUlMfet U 7 HUH 30 WUHU", 1869 £ HUHHUU, 

HUfeu feu 3fe>>r I feu U 7 ^ UfU ^ ^ ut 5H7^ §■ 
Hunt UcTU U feUUT ?UW HUU ?W HU UUU 7 U MU 
UU UHfet ufe feut U, Uf UUU 7 U I feH U 7 fufe 
SUt 3t HUU ITU feu UUW U'W UW 7 MUUWUUffe 
UU7U HfeUM 7 feu fe HUT fUM 7 1 H7T 1906 feu feu 
UTH feUHWUU fefet U 7 HU f&i-llfelMU HU felM 7 , 

ftrfe fu Mfefewtu uiu fuMU uuut itifent urn 7 

MU HHHfefe 7 HHUt UUU UU oftut, fflH U 3WHUU 
Ufe-HMU UHHfefe feUU MU ?U?W U 7 ? UUUUtW U 
feufeU JU" UU feU Mfe I feu 1909 feU Ulffet U 7 
HfeffeUT UfeUUUU" HU felM 7 MU MUTH’HW UtHUU Ut 
UtT cfet, fauu 7 fuTfe feu fentu U Mfefeufe £ HU 
HU 7 U I H7T 1913 feu UU" feu UUUT UU" fdd 1 Ht H 7 
MURToT feHUU U H(<i <Vrt pfe 7 U fdlM 7 UU MU HH" 
UcT feU UUHHUUU 7 feU 7 1 

9 UHHU, 1937 £ HUfeUH feu feH Ut HU U 

dint I 

U. U.-’te'. fe. H 7 . 3 : 353 

5* 'W , STCHT (Dolet, Etienne) : fen UdUffet 
feu^u U 7 U7Uf 3 MUTHU , 1509 £ UffeutM 7 feu 

ufeM 7 1 fen £ yuu-u r fe]ut oFf? u 7 ufuu 7 huIu 
H feiM 7 Ufe 7 Ul 12 H T M Ut ^HU feu feu UfdH 
y *fedfedl fepu 7 fera' fen £ fenu feur fuuu 7 u 7 

MfeMU cfUU fe HUt UU 7 U dfet MU MFJU HU tlfeu 
feu feH U 7 tUM 7 ??- HUd Ut feU 7 1 fddrtl feU dfd<i 



UU77 feH £ H'^fedl-H'Hdd U^U U 7 HU UU 7 
UfeM 7 1 







MHfe UIHW MU HUIU 7 ?- HUTM 5TUU fen £ 5fet 
^’U-feU’U 7 feu fe dJHdA 1 fw I feu fuuuuu U 7 
UU uuu u fen £ uu feu 7 feiM 7 uu nfet uuh tutu 

feH £ Hfet fufe cflfe I fed'HHH US 1 HUFH UTH feH fef 
U UUW feu fu feu feHU fe Hfe fe M^HT T^UW 
UUU 7 U, feH £ ‘Dialogus de imitatione Ciceroniana’ 
(1535) ?HHt UHUU feut I HU 1536 feu feH £ 
‘Commentarii’ fe ufufe fHUU MU 1538 feu yfe 
fuuu ^Hft I H'UH'd UfefeH ufuw fe MrfelM 7 TUW 
1542 fe. feU few fe feU gUFUW HUlfeHM 7 feH 
feu feH fe ufuwt UHUU 'Cato Christianas' UUtHU 
feut I feH U few 7 ? 7 fe fen fe ufe CFUHU UHUU 7 
UoTfeU feutM 7 I 

fe" 1542 MU 1544 feU feH fe (UHUU fe MU 
UTWU M?^U UUUW UUU U UH feu UU feU 7 fUTM 7 1 

— »v 

fe 1546 feu feH fe feu UUH feM fe UHU utfe 
?U tu feu 7 fepvf 7 1 fen fe uhIu feu ufe MU MU 3 
MUIHU, 1546 fe OfUH fed" ffe fe MUlfet-UU feU 7 
fUFM 7 1 

U. u.-fe. fe. H 7 3 : 604; fe. fe. 9 : 235 






85 



d'#ld, iffe g 



kWHWiOT : feg fkk feggf g kgyg 
ygrg g feg Sot Ike ydg 1 kg wi fwkf 
dkr gf get, gyg 1 kg wrar ggg, ykg 1 kg 
urgg w feggg gfkr feg k ggggf ggg gg 1 
feg ydd g gg doty 1 4,100 g. fg. gf. g IVih fkg 
y?5cS Mg ywid 1 * it 3 gw?" ggi fe 6 1 kg gu3 
si'rtH'yldH igy 1918 k. kg gtfef fddw ggr g 
ygy feggf kg gw ggg 3 ufojk wk wfg 
gg 1 for ygy g gg tpg 3 d 3 yggg ufe kg gygg 
tkyggggigkyfef gdlkl ggrkg Psdwl uyf 
gfkgw" HkHdHk d'W'd' #f ygfhf' ggfy-r gg 1 

fey ygg fkg ggg yfekr ygigyfef kkk 
— *\ 

ggi fkk fkg is ykk g 3,050 gf. 3 #f kcr 

d ' 

kgkr g? 7 1 hww feck ^kg gg 3 kk (3,690 
gf.) g 1 for iraykf gkf M 3 fey - kygf f#yy ggg 
g g 18 ?t yyf ggg gd'kyf f-kfewfet 
gfetMkg kgfefe g ?g 3 fy»r fey 3 H 3 3 yfcrck 
fey ygy y kfepggg Mfufeg gfgr 1 ffefefyf §yy 
ggyfMk ftfe fegg g 3 i feg ygg kg 33 41 

dlWHl'Htf g 3 1 

feg g Hk g gy ug uf gsg 3 ggg 
gdffeg 1 g 1 wgg feg ygg g Hgfeg yg-fkrgf 
srakf M 3 nggrg g uy fggg g 1 

g. y- ^3. Mil. 9: 261; nfe. fe. g. 4 : 159 

sT'Sy MW kffkf^W (Dafydd ap 

Gwilym) ; feg £ #gg g yfejg gfer Hgg yHkfar 

feffeifegggt 1 feg g gw gwffrafey kg 

1320 k. fkg gfkyi fkrfe fey g fg fey yrfy 

#gy g feg MHfy ujgk fkg gf feg g tfkg gfe 

ggg ufe #yg r irug g 1 feg g dild-ock feg gg g 
— »\ 

g §3 g 3 k feg ?m gf gf 3 gg 1- fkg fgyg 5# 1 
>>ph gyg feg srkg gcnfe g uggf gf yg gw gf 
feg gfek gy ufe gggkf gkkfef a^'fed' w 
yygsttl 3 y 3 T ggg* g k feg g Q"d gg yfe 
fegg gkfnr g gg 133 gf 1 feg 3 mfekr §fe 
ggf gkr gfkgk - fkg ufggfef >»3 fwg g 
fg 333 gg ygggg ggi ttw odd 1 gi yryfet gg 
gsf gkgkggydddd 1 >>fey 3 fg 3 ffeg 3 ?g 3 
fkg fe»fkf g §g g ug? #33 g gkf»k ghr 
ggra 3 f>g yf^fyg ffe ggg fw 1 

feg gf H 3 1380 gf. g 33 3# srg^fgfefag 
fkg ggagf gkfeg fky ggf 1 

y. y.-^fg. fe. 6 : 992; >>k. feg. 3: 342 

k'klk, FW : feg ggfefgf fgggopg g 
33 M 30 ygigg, 1748 $ Cffeg fky gfe»r 1 g 3 1775 
f#g feg 3 'Antiochus and Stratonice’ 3 fydH gf dK 

fefew 1 gg f#y gfeg gg fegg orgfekf m \ 



#3 #k few 1- 1 feg §■ crsfekf H 33 g gfef gfkg 
gg g 1 feg 3 gw yg gg 33 feg 3 grrof. 3 H 3 
fg-ggfef 3 y?g-gg] 3 f gg gf w kk >H 3 Id 3 
H 3 f 7 gg ggyg fegkf g yfgg cww g 3 ?fegf 

•s 

?33 i>fftp>f 3 cff3 T I 

kr 1780 fkg Crfeg gfyg yrfg 3 feg ‘gfe 3 
fegggf yrg yfegT fek gggygy’ g ggg gfeyr 1 H 3 
1784 fkg feg 35k 16k gf ug fed nwgf ufgtr 
% d ‘Qd i>ng gf od'd^fe ggfef g gg s^g fkg ygf 

gik> 1787 fkg fegk -fgjgg ydd'd’, 1788 fkg 
‘gf 3 ¥g w Ofeg nk 033’ >H 3 1789 fkg ‘gf 
feggg Hfgg’ sfef fggg ggg 1 

skgfef fey»c 5 fey* ggrigg fegfeg Hddidg 

ggfg 3 gfe»ri kr 1792 f#g feg £ kyggkk gf 

3 g 7 w d*#c 5 H 3 g ggg gfenr (Wi fegk ^gf 

k^k gf H 3 g uy fkg H 3 fegi kr 1794 kg 

gggf y 3 # sgg 3 gy Hgffegk 3k feg £ tg offg 

fepg 1 §g g>f ggw fegk igyg yfeg yt-fgfey »f 3 
— *\ 

mfef tg 33 kf f#g fgg gg 33 gggggr grgi g feg 
kfggfgyn 

k> 1804 fkg feg k Trykfygr g gfef 
fggggg feydd odd 1 fgpg yfk feg k gg 33 
fggg ggfg wk kg fepg fgk fkg ‘333^33 
ygg 3 ^i 3 fy^ 3 , (fggf ‘33336 ’ #f kg gg g 
I805-07) M 3 ‘gf fegpgfyf « 3 ' gf kgigg’ 

( 1810 ) g uf H 3 M 3 gg I ‘Leonidos at Ther mopylae’ 
( 1814 ) fegg Ofgg fky wygf fgfeg gf 1 kr 1815 
f#g kykfw g y 33 3 gw feg £ 3333 fky 
33 T 333 offg 1 " fePH 1 " 1 feg fegk yryfe fe 3 kgflMHf 
H'fdidd ggg 1- fesig 335- fm 3 fkr ufgg kfeg ‘k 

•v *v »v 

fH 3 tfe’ ggfeyri fegk 3 k 33 kkf M 3 

fefegw fkw 3 fegg ygfei w 3 kkkg 
Mk feg gkk ( 1789 ), ‘gf §g gf kkg kgg’ 
( 1791 ), ‘gf kr wg- gf gfef 3 kHg’ (1799) w 
‘hw Mk tfkg’ ( 1824 ) »rfg feg gt?k 33 ygy 
f^rg*" g 3 i 

29 gggg, 1825 k nggg ky gf fktgf H 3 g 
grk 1 > 

y. y.-^fg. wr. 8 : 501 ; > 5 ) 3 . fe. ll. 5 : 519 ; 33 . ^ 3 . 
6 : 102 

oi'kld, lifer w : feg ggfefgf Hddk'g g 
ggg 12 ggg, 1788 k f^ 9 fk>r 1 feg k yfkr 

fky fe 3 d 3 fef fgyfi kr i 8 ii fkg fegk yyygf 

Qdd#l’ ffrey fe 3 , ‘Death of Epam inondou’ 3 k 

‘firagkf kr’ ydH^'d fefeyr 1 kr f#y yg gw gfgsr 
ggw feg wfekfe - 3 kg 3 ggg ygfkg gfeyg 1 kr 
1816 fkg yfkr gfyg w 3 feg k wrg gpffer 
yfew 3 #gf k mik ygfe ‘kg 33k’ k g #k 

U »\ 




oidstu 



86 



wt pfHp' ^aHjra feu a) nun uau ufnu 
SfeunHU 1826 feu fen UW UUWt m KHS UU 
usaa nfarur i ufau nanr n nu'feu 1 ' sfeu 1 " rru 

‘fefe>TU’ fen Ut H’JoPd %U H fUHUr 1837 Ht. feu 

huhu afeu 1 " nt i fen u 1848 a uunufeu sf ?^r 
foyri feu ferru-HS 1 " w Etna nti uu i85i feu 
UUrtlUU UtU U d'd UKTF U HUTU fed H 

fHTUr UU UU HVT U7UU feu fop" I fen U cfet HU, 
UUtur UUUl S'" UU H HU HU UHST HUfe I 

srfefe ufer ufon ua unu ntutur ni 1 %" 
utu 1 " fndd' ufef a uhu umfey ua feu au i fen u 

SUTH USaHU, UfeU 1 - SUttfU, SfelU r UUS SPU-T U 
HU U§" feoldd fofaf, SU Ut Hfe^Hdfer UU mSU 

srfnaiau yffn utfo" uutur Hau^Hufetufe 

feu a 500 u st su auaf aufe i feu tua feu 

o — 

u §n un n ufnu feunutu 1 " ufafe urfeta 1 " nufehr, 
fufe tairaa, man uu uu arftfet naffe i 

5 nuwf, 1856 1 ufau feu fen ut hu a afet i 

U. U.-’Jte’. >H>1. 8 : 502; fa. >>te\ 6 : 103; ^Tu. fe. 7 : 
99 

>tt$ ofodlcY : feaut u feu 
fefed'HcCd m nun 30 ununa, 1576 £ tufe u 
HUHUUU yu U tfmu 7- (Padua) UU" feu StUU feu 
sfeur| for U Safe feu SU U% w nr fefforU 
fofuUT HI TO" 1583 feu felU Safe U HWU HUat 
en ut Huufel' nuatu ut Hfefnu w hutuu ust 
fup^r i ant awt feu feu Hfun hu farur uu 1598 
feu nut spfeH an uot feu nut nar feu 
uau 1 " fau" i K3TU feu unfe uau upfeyr" uu unuF 
aufet ga as - un, wwforj fufew, feu u orrst 
feufe ft ufuuu nfur i fea fea stun u sranua 
feu unat u ust famr i feu at feu u aafer u aifer- 
w m, fnH feu feu yru # fam for, hu 
fufwi fe 1630 feu feH nt 'Historia delle guerra 
civili di francai’ Tfe Ut fcTUH Slit feaut fgftt ufej 

aat fe »di'Ud feu n u h marau efe au i 

26 HFt', 1631%. U ?feH feu fen ut hu a 

afeti 

a. U.-yU. fe. U. 3 : 914 

(Davout, Louis Nicolas) : 
fea au%wr (aafef) w fear tfur tuun afeyp a i 
fen nr nan 10 Hat, 1770 §■ safer n fear yfeta 
urafe- feu 9few 1 hu feu at feHU nau sotur snt 
feru»fet iruu artuti feu n 1790 feu safer ut 
Harsu u ufarn nt uarsn feu upunt snt aafet 

ut dHU Hmwt I fen U 1792-93 Ut HWTfeHU HfeH 



feu st ypunt uamr feufet u uukh tnatn ut 
Hnus - st ferymu cTur uinsn HcU tuu 1- 1 

fea 1794 feu feu feyisflyra rTa?m u uau u 
uau faur ua fen u ufenr hufsu feu sut hu - 
nun uu urft sut 0"y urau- *1^ nferu au aruu 
mis' uau fe UHdls 1 uu 1- ftiuri afeu-feM 
uuffefe>r ut au %rau nuut at fen §• suih w 
feu 1 " farur 1 fer 1798-99 feu fea Stfetuu ?ma 
ffera feru 1 " uu fen fe sfetn?m H<5dw hut tuu 1- 
farur | 




nat feuna d'S 

» E= 



feu U 1805 fe. feu uQHddfedH (Austerlitz), 
1806 feu ufaaaa (Aerstadt), UU (Jene), 1806 
feU Ufefe (Eylau) 1807 feu, U^HgW (Eckmuhl) 

uu 1809 feu suid’H ntfo" feu 1 " auR?" ututyp I 
utfetuu u yu a u fen u c fefarun’ w fumn fum" 
un feu u ‘fun u uarHyrt’ Hen fed 1 faPH 7 1 an ut 
HfaH feu # feu U Hut HSFUT yggcT »fr^r ^rgrr 
femfeun fea Huatu feu ntart st a fep>r i feu at 
fen ut anrt 1 nau ut feufet feuTn ?ruftluu u ur 
nut uu fea Hfan feu utfeluu §" nnauHn au aat i 

fer 1813 feu fen u aHHaar ^u" uHur uh w 
us feu 1 " ua ?nfetuu ut au u sphu feu u umnt 
Srft unat fuuur feut ua u fuu+ uar u uays ufet 
hu 1 " sat fea hu yfu-Hddl hu n unat feu u 1 " 
iaPH 7 1 ^'Sdf ut au u umu feu u 3 must, 1815 
at. §" ufau ut M ntut 1 fea uujn anfur g^u 
fuuru aynr uti feu u usua feu u aan uui fea 
uuuuu uun uauu ut uu uu un uufe uuh'u 

UUt ^S'U'd fear 1 

1 uu, 1823 at. feu ufau feyr feu ut uu a 

afeti 

a. y.-ntn. fe. VP. 3 :920 ; ntu. >H>f. 8 : 540 

si 1 r^rtlyfH, HPHU (Duilius, Gaius) : fed 
ufuat uut at. y. m fen unua auu uufesu at fun 



87 



fW©ME, HE EHE 



E 264-241 Ht. U. UE" UT# Ufa?# feffEU HET feE 
UWhffM 1 " E Heft E# EETfeM 1 " I 260 Et. U. feE feHEf 
feE UTTE UE HE H77 r Ef UHfe UEE HH WiE TFUf 
Ht. U'EEtwtMH felffef Wft?T E EE EE # feH 77 fH 
E 1 " MUE 1 " HEfWM 1 " Htl feH E ufeM 1 " TEW E? EE U 
UE U£’f'<i Ef 5FE <M Hf ME feHEf E EUEff E? 
fUE Hfefeff y-tiddl'd 3" Ufet fE UdUdl HHEcft EE 
fUE HUE U#t ftTE IfUE sffeff Htl EH E fefdd'H 
fed feH E UfUE 1 " HHEUf EE ddrttt hIEM 1 " fETM 1 " U" 
ME Hd 1 HU'T> fUE feu M 1 tl d I ' dl HEE f, feH Utt 
fEE UE HHEEt HUTF EfM 1 " EE EfM 1 " EE EE 
HdfeM'fETM'HI 

H. y.->lte. ft;. 7 : 742; ft. VT. 4 : 261 

: fEE HHE E 1 " EU" U feu UE ME feu 
Wl feu UE EE fefE U fEE E EtETt ME 
‘Hd*dd’ Uf ufUE EE I fEE feE EE EEE ME 40 
TFEEfe" E 1 " uTdd'd'E UE 1 " U I 10 flf UfoW 1 ", 8 fE 
EE, 14 fE EftF ME 8 fE EU 1 " feHEM EEIE 1 " U" I 
^fft ME EE UE E 1 " MEUET fi-THU 1 " UE 1 " El UEU UE3" 
E Hf feE E Eft ME ME feu feu EJf UE 1- El 
fd'EdE UE : - 

USETfUE JJO-ft MEEMO-ff 

E fEE U fEE UE UE, HE EU UE I 

EE EUE EE 1 ", Efe HH'd' , 

HUT5E U EE feft UE, EE EE EE 

feH UE E EH EU feE 36 H'dd'U' E 1 " UfEEEE 
EE 1 " E I UfUE 1 " feHEE 11 #, EE 1 " 12 E ME EfH 1 " 8 E 
EE 1 " E I EE, EtE fUHETT E E-E Elf ME MEUE E 1 " 
HE EE 1 " El UEU EES" E M'fE feE f5ft EE 1 " ffl 

fa#:- 

UEfuUTJ d 1 d fEE UEE 1 ", UE 7T HE dol'd 1 , E|f 
E 1 " UM 1 E r I 

HHHRT H'U UH 1 # ddl , EE E 1 " EU UH'd 1 , feE 
ddd'd 1 I 

• 

l¥§E W EtE 1 " EU ‘EEfE’ SEllfeHEEl 
EE5", 42 H T "dE^'" E uTdddi EE EE I UfEEE feHE'K 
10 E , EE 1 ", EtE 1 ", EU 1 " ME UE^ 1 " feWK >HE-ME 
H T EE 1 E 1 " §E EE 1 " El ME feE E Elf EE EE I UfEE 
lEE felRFH E 1 " MEUUT MET feE fVTE^r EE 1 " E, EU 
ME UE# feHE^ E 1 " MEUET feE fHEE 1 " El 

fE#-fEE HEHfE dM'dit, ETEHfE UTElt, E M6d'dfl, 
Ef EJEU'ET", E HUEE# I 

j. y.-H. f . 

UQm, Hd iTHtf : fun MEIEE dH'fdct ME 
tfEoT-fefEPHEff E 1 " E?7H 20 HEHE, 1842 §" 
HcCitts! fed f#EE 1 Ef3E-M T E-?EU fed" dfUM 1 " I fdH 



E fEHE EOT UfefEM 11 # E MflJME ME fEE^E 
EEW, fEEdl f# feH" E 7T TEE UEfeE E, oEEE 
CEE offE 1 " EFE 1 " El for E iEEE MUEKf, TO 
cTEUVfEMEfHE ME Mf^EUd g?ff'€"jfHEf E" fefEM 1 " 
UUJE sftEf I HE 1875 f#E feE EUfETT feu UEEEf 
ugfeisr fett'Hdl E 1 " EoTHEf utHE ffeM 1 " felM 1 " ME 
1877 feE feH" E EfeE fdHdlfdQHcS , EEE feE E. 
ME. ETEEHEE Ef U 1 " EJEfeE-fefEIM^ E |EEf 
UfHE Ef Utfef MUE cffEf I 

fefME E HEE UTT-UEE MWlfEST EFPfeE- 
fefEPME, fE E T UH T E Ef fHEEf, fetTEEf-UoTF 
H T UE3 T ME feEEf MW Ef fefEM'Hlrtd' 7EE 
HUUE EE I EEfeEfHEf cTEE EEE E E.?f. EEfHEl" 
TEE" fkH" U" feH" E HEE c## E r UH T E ^E Ud'dU' Ef 
fefeHE UEE HViEU 1 " E 1 " UE" ErfeM 1 "! feH" E 1 " crfUE 
HUfet 3TRT E E?E fE EH ME UEVf-Efe E EE 
EUHE fE UTP" EUE UfeU EE I feH" UTT EE feH" Ef 
fEEEHUf ftE ft? 1874 f#E f# Hf EEf EFf HFEf E 
tTE 1 feH" E fefeE MHHfEHE MET ‘3EE EITF W EIUE 
Eft’ HE feEE ^d'dd 1 offE r IHE 1891 EoT fefME 
Efef HEE 1 " feE 3EE M'omlfTE HA'Oe EEf feE 
HHIcS fEME UE EU 1 " Hf I feH" E feu ddW Ef ?EE 
Q ttd 1 — fUsf 1 #E UE fEHE-EUEE U M d 1 1 EEf oflEf 
ME 1891 feE feU offE fU EEE M r UHTflE ME §EE 
EHUf EE I feH" E HEE ?ff# EEJHW fE MftlW 
feE EEE EfH 1 " Ef UHE E HEfet HfEM 1 " I 

Hc5 1892 E ttdlddl fdH E ddrt dlH 1 E HEE 
UEE EEf fEEU T g-E T fUE UE HEEE Ef ?EE E 1 " 
fUME HfEM 1 " I feE E3E fecT HUE! feu EfeM 1 " fe feH" 
feE H T EE55 T EU feEUE 7TEf Ht UEE HUE 1 " ME feH" 
feE EEE 1 " E MET TEE EUE HE EHf Hd'feM 1 " tF 
HUE 1 " Hf I fefME EME 1 " fEME offE feH E3E E 1 " TT 
‘fefME OTHU’ ETE TFfeM 1 " EE E M# feE fEHE 
EUHTT fE UH ?fet HEE HE3WEE El feH fWE 
Ef UEE Ufer UEU MFH UEHH HEE" E 1 " fed^'y 
?MU feE offEf Efet El feH E H T ME feH E feu 
ffe dH'f EfeferTE tfe" ET5" UEET UfE, feH Ef 1 " 
IFUE fefeM 1 " ET5" feH E d'^fe'E IdHdl PdQHcS feu feu 
f#f HtEE HHfE HEfet fefH ET5" 1898 feE ufEE 1 " 
EfeftEE E EEE MUHU 1 " f#E ME 1890 feE EH 
MUHB 1 " feE HEfeM 1 " I feH E ft? EUEE 1 " fE EE 
offE E T 3UK" tffM 1 " ETH HUE HHdtl'U' E UE 1 " rt'feM" 
ME fe# Ef UEE ffe UfufH fEUE UEE ME ElH 
feHEHE feE offEf I feH E HE ddfEU HHT5" ET5" f>T5" 
U UM 1 " EfeE HH feftFE offEI feHE 1849 feE E^feE 
HHfefef W BHUEE HEE UUE offE 1 "! feH §" 1904 
feE Efef? E fUEM ET5" HTMfEM 1 " fETM 1 " I 

feH Ef HE. 27 HW, 1923 §" Efef I 

E. y.-nfe. ft. 7 : 345 




88 



fefte W 

fefBt WK : agaa aar wfetar a fea tefe 
awfera, HStefeiw?# >83 fafew H'Hdte w 333 
20 >8c<^yd, 1859 y ydfedid* (^aate) tey afew i 
fea ufeaarw a a'dafoa ayw a wtw tea fear 
>83 Agaa aar el - uafetefet faftw a feas3 a 1- 
ualfacr at i. . 




__ r* A n 

h'a i5jy«i 

33 1879 tea fe33 ^3Hfe at U (Sited fa dl 3 
dldyH3 >83 1884 te. tea 3353' Unjf5T33 Gj?rt- 
dd fate 3 1 ^'cfddd at fsSdldl 11913 o(1dl I fed fed 
few >83 faHtdl* yAtedfadl tea 33 333 uta3 
fter i fea fea 3 aaaa foaHsa aarr >83 fefea ?rt# 
33R3t>8?T3 W §UT >8ftl8f?7 oft3 T l fewldlcS- tea at 
fer 3 wutet fer tefewaaa ate>8a fesfeta tea at 

HMFTST >83 tefew aafwte tea Wt fettdHUt 
te, 333 te>8ar 33^ few I 

fate3T3 >83 fteW yfe^dfadl Uy#3 
§333 1894 te. fea feu faqfet McSl^dfedl fey 
a333 H'Hdd. W .3333 >83 33H3, H(fete3W3 >83 
fWfW-H'Hdd feWT W 3>83H3 33T few I fWQte 
3 fey f3te fefaw tea afer aaw aaa >83 
fefew 3H33 3 3333 >83 teftedlWr 3 3# 

few ^3 at afaa teat i feocdi gifteafefet at fea 

uofet (33 feH3 aaiddl Ufeut IFU3 9te I felt 
HdteTT fe3 rt 1 fiHoi 3 faOdl 33 31F a yccfad 33 3 
teWHdl a 1- feoT ?j^ H^3 Tnd'dl HdW’ a 73 33 33 

tea wfew i ' ■'■■.. 



aai3 a feaa few ?rte fea 3 h Stefa iw3 
>83 ate fefewa a ted'H'dHar tew 3 ufe3 
fate 1 aStefewa a yaa tea te fea?f aaa aaraas- 
yfew ai fea a HSfefaiwTra ateia w fey aat 
3tn" 3 tew uaa at ay few ate 1 a >83 fey 313 a 
fea 3 fefte a 1- H7ffefew7ror fefeaa tea Ha 1- sat 
Uoi 1 Htj'cS ye fai w a 1 



ter 1904 tea fea tewtew yafteafate tea 
aaa3 a 1 " uaaa >83 fed w-iatea uaaa fea 1- 1 47 na 
3a fea awtew 733 aaaa fter >83 25 aw a 



wate uyaafet fafawr atew aw fea wafer a 
^9ir fefewsr tea ferfew 733 75ar 1 fea 3 aasr >83 
fwa a few, natefaiwa, fefew, H>raa 3333 , 

3fea-a3 r >83 aan ?aat >83te tefew w wte 

teaa Oa sfttei fey - tefew 733 Hyud .-ftetw 
yaate oraa fea wiafer a 1- §ter aaafea >83 ter 
a aa?33Ha teaaw tea faifew a>a aari fea 
atrr feate at aat 125 ufew tea ai ate aaat 

>83 >833 d'Hddl U3T3t W fea 3 33 ‘at fef" 

^allaf3a , atea ate wftew tea ete i 



33 1925 tea fea te - ufaa yaaa 'feoanitattefe 
w 33te siit tea tea fea a aaaa a ay ute 
fe3fe3 ter Cra tea afe 33 1 fea wfteafete utaa 1- 
te - wfetet >8tetegay a afetw tea at >83 fea a 1- 
uftea to >83 feQinw afea a ufefe fttfew tea 
w d'ddd aaa te tei ter 1919 tea feate tei3 
feaaa ate fef af3 >83 ter 1933 tea g?rteafete 
- fe3- fedia r te3 aateia aa3 tea aaa teat 1 fea 
MHteart fea3 fey d ted cntewr, jtear w feaate>83 
ta^at >83 utuaa afet tea ate nrafaw a fea - 1 

ter 1930 a aate a aa aarr Cte atew 
aaftete y ayOe 3te feaa fea teat fewat irate 
teTfea tete 1 fe§3 yaaat tear 3arfe afe fesate 
at ate 333 sfet 1937 te. tea fea ter fea afaa?r 
Hdifid ata^taiwi 



fea te ufaut 3 ay# aa fea y ater fate |H, 
tea, aara, aaata, aute > 8 ddta r wfa te aa w 
>83 ate aTraar aw aa i feay ufa-ufe is a r »a + 
>83 gfeteafetew te waaat fteaiatw fateter 
afetwi ter 1939 tea tea te aaaa ate 'wa^a 
wa te ate >83 1949 te. tea fteteaa aaaa ate 
w 8^33' a a aaatera ata 1- few 1 wfe 
aa tea te ntete marfew a 1- feay tear aa ate 
wa wfew few 1 feaa 70 a, so a >83 90 te 
aaa fter y aa aa tea HTrfew few 1 

tey tei y 3 a t tea feQdl 3 Maa 1- yaate 
feratw 1 fafw tea ‘w aaa > 8 te HH'fee'fe ( 1899 ); 
teRaafe > 8 te > 8 a#a 3 ’ (1916); feaauttefea fete 
fegaaa, awnte >83 ateteftewy tea - tested fe 3 



89 



f#FTcfW fefeet’ (1903); ‘e^ ?t fear’ (1910); 
fe1oP<5H<b0HA few feHTC^ (1920); ‘fefH?T feee 
We eearfe (1922); ‘W UHfocT We fe?H UerWHfe 
(1927) We ‘WWZ We feaneMwfe (1934) fee 
feW yfey 3€7i> T ?' i ' U77 i 

Wtffefet §HZ fee feH W zz few we fee 

ee ewet efe few et ue ferae^ feefe fee et 73 
gfewiee, 1952 JfeeetHe eefeh 

e. y.— >5te. fe. VT. 3 : 508 ; 4fe. »ffe 9 : 47 

r^Gfel, l4'di4 : Wore 33 WHZtaF fet HHeet 
ZTT W feoT UfHJJ offeee et ft4H tS Kefae €t if 7 #) §W 
1898 fe. fee efeet fet fe atefet ee feet et I fee t? 1 " 
eZH 26 eHZe, 1837 fe HFlffetW fey 5feWI 
fe?w warefe fe a^rafeive aree fyee 1861 Ft. -fee 

feHA W<ddl6 £ y <i 1 fe Wr felW I I4d^ y M tld '6 feH6 

ctyl ytiddi'u' *e ay eefew^ fey fee few ( y u 

rdd'A W3" SFWe fed Wdl'd'd edcfl cjdt! 1 few I 

fee 1897 fee feefe for et fegr e Mwfe 
Hofstdrt et eVFce fed! dfe] I ildl et Hsl"S<V fe Htf 

eye 9% feefe efeet fewifee *fe4HHe t e r Wdlotl ?ew 
wfawe arte 7 ' we wyfe g# 3 wefet wet ye 1- few 
are few I WUST, 1 898 fed HtJHtT et Hdl fed Uet I 
fen et Hcfb-r wet efeet fewotw et w 3 73 ear we 
feefe fear ye et eee enzfe fw at fee fefe yene 
5?e ffet We fewyfe &3 ciw are few fee Tew 
WHetaF ifent fee HfeHWlfe yee few*' UW HcfetW 

fee fetfew efe &w ! 




ewMfet 

~ 

ee yeefe 3 fefFW fey ferra 1- aee mewe 
affer feW I HdW 3 feFff fe 33 3 
WfHTO 3 ? HlWfeB - cffe- »fe few fuW Wife 

fed ^JfFfet HH' dot <5c(dl fed dft fdd 1 I ^Flfe fefcfe 

Hd H'«' tld'tS fed H«- HtS 1 ^ Hddrt ^dd F 1 " 9U'(5 



fefHttefeW 

feTFI 33 1913 fW feHfet Ht'-tTfefe ‘ 3 \ W~ 
yfeGdl'dl W WTT fe§B^ ?FHf UJT3oT UcCfea' 
aeti 

16 ffiS^dT, 1917 § ¥ 1 fear ??7 few fen et >fe t 

afeti 

F. y.->fe. fe. IF. 3 : 507 ; 4 fe. wr. 9 : 47 

foiGyl, ^feTT ^T¥H 3 ' : fear a T fear 
Hy? few Hdoifet ^fe ufe»F a fe{J3 T 1943 3 

1955 3 c r fefwar ^ d^d?rd' ffer nt w feK §• 
atwR'ac* iFd^t W'*dil ue ffet 3 w TFi-rae 
offeT few nt i ferr e 1- esvr 24 hw, 1902 §■ 

1 >fefen 77 fw fey ufewi u^fet yen ara^ 

fefyt fe^war fee ^arwe arae ?fer flwi fe 
1931 fee fee Hdct'dl ^otlrt H^fewfe fcQtH'dct 
e etfet fe^ - ffet fegere ear wrol wm Hzrfear 
fegcTd ufew 1 fee fe^crear fee fen&e wf fe 
e^fefe wet eee yfey ufewi ne 1937 fee fee 
ffef >rot efew fewt efe fee fofwar e 
dT<^d< 5 "d wet efyeware wet e fntew 1938 
fee wrew fear ye wwlw 1942, 1946 e 1950 
etw fe 77 e^ fee fee feQydct e w wet 
efew tew 1 fee 1944 e 1948 fee fee w wet 
few e wd^w fear 1 fee 1952 fee fee fe 
ee yee et wed r affet we fee wee e 1- <edee 
wnfet yeear 'ee?tt f et w yfetear' (1952) fee 
affe-ifee 1955 fee etet w ftefwar w er?eee 
efe iee xeie fee fe ^arwe arejet ye ee feet 1 

16 vree, 1971 fe ewfee 1 ear fee eee eeee 
fey fee et He 9 -eieti 

e. u.-»>te. fe. 7. 347; fee. few. 3. 508 

fefnt vrafew : Heare eer wHetar r e 1 " fear 
wfeydlwe fet femfe wvtefe T fee wfeydt feffewee 

*s *, 

§■ ^ee cfte 1 ’! fee e 1- eee 10 eeee, 1851 fe 
yfeHtT Hdd fey efewi fee 1874 fee fee fe 
wtddHd aewe fe am fete oftet we 1876 fe. ear 
. fee et wfefeTwe e wee e fee 1 fee fee feee 
ffefe ^ddflctd?) yeeet ffeRfe fefefe ermw^ yefet 
?t fere 1- feer e fet are- fee yefej- §• fee ?t 
%are eer we eefe etw afet. wfefetw fee 
wfew ww e 1 ffe uefet e 1- ffefe fe awfe^yH* 
we HHmare ffeeta?e w tewfeeT we wferner et 
Ham- we yefeee we e wfefedfe ( 1876 ) fee 
^ee?r fete 1- e 1 

fee 1877 fee fee feze ew few fee fefef 
'w'fefel eeTTw’ eeer yf arte 1- ! fee ‘'wfetfet 
fefeeet fenfezee’ w eeet, neee, uane we 
'nyffeer tan fefefee* ; w eeet we neee w\ 
tferi fee 1883 fee fee ftefwar ufee e ewfew 




90 



fd§H 7 l>d 7 ds! : fe 3 feof 3 

oTTSrT 3 T tt 1 feydlMTT 3 fci M 7 M3 fey « 1 feddl 
fWFWt 3t ufowl' HW ‘3f3 M 7 ? W'feydT fed 7 ?^’ 
3t FERiTF c§3tl TO - 1888 fe3 fel 3f3 fe33t 

feara’fit us - 337 ttrfeyij) 3373 3 ?r 33 m«3?t( 373 

fTIM 7 ! 377 1889 3 1906 33 f§3 feQM'dd? 7T37T 
M'fefedT 3 7 ^fetcTdd, 1889 3 1900 33 fed 3 1- 
71333 M3 1904 3" 1906 33 3 r 

d'felddd' ffeO 7 ! feHTT H33 J^feddlM 7 3 r 37>ddl6A 
oftH 1- M3 3773tM 7 feddl'M 7 F'feqdTM 7 M3 f§33 
fe33 3377 3 1 " fH«ffl« T U3W3 Sft^l 

^ddilcTdcS' Htdt feTOT 37133 W 3^ 5471333 
1932 f%3 't5TtH75: d3'3lfdd>l<7 M3 Ittfe^ 

(te srfuM 7 i 

26 3HW, 1931 §■ d'dtKsTtl opO'^t f^3 feH3t 
33 3 dlfcl I 

3. U.-M?7. »i>r . 9 : 48; >5)77. fy. K 7 . 3 : 508 

foiQHW'sOire ; fWfeoT?— 33K?1 e §33- 
USMt 333 f%3 3g)ll'-333t' 77W 3^t?7 $HZi<FfeF 
^ feir WHcfl- ferrfeorz 31 for § ifen ^ 
rtltldrt fed M3 §fed-3da ffetj <5Hdd, yd3 
M'drttdyddl M3 333 f%3 o («<*> lfe)H feo( c 1 33 I fed 
_ Ifenfedd e 7 3dddW 5,288 3. f3. Ht. M3 WW^\ 
5,220,500 (1991) 3 1 fed" fdHfeofd 3 fefelW 33 
3^333 W §33t 333 dfdM 7 ufeM 7 31 fed’ 
fdH fed 3 H3Ff?3 1816 f%3 tfet dt 3 fOT e 7 73 

feg 1 3 HH^3 IT?lM3t Hf33 fe§H33%3 3 7T 7 3 dfaM 7 
felM 7 1 

IfeQHttsPdS fs!Hfed3 M333 3 ¥3 TT3M3t 
333 t fw fecr 3 1 for et §(731 e 7 MFFd fet 331 m 7 
33 333 1P33T, 3 7 §tc7 313M 7 33t M 1 <d 1 i-l fel M3 §33 
3^3 33 HtM 7 if? 33 I fe§ 333 fet 33M3F §*773 
331 H3M3)" 333 3 fett'? 1 fed" tTSHTt 3 1- HM3t 
>?W 333 ?t 31 fet 3 F fe§7TO3W dfo3 33 33 
f%3 HUfeT >?3 3W Hf33 31 fet U3t f3. Vft. f%3 
983 f?M33t 3F 331 MH3, fo!@Hdio5 v dd M3 
fe§3H33r, fZW 3 500,000 3 ?3 ^ Hfe3 33 I 

feH ¥33 f?3 feQyrtssfes M Tdd 3 333 <^rt 3 1 ” 
333 333^33^ 31 fe3 5T33 M3 3333 3t U3 T ? T 3 
33t 31 for 3MH fefet 3 H3 T 3 3 §33 f%3 M3 
§3H T § f33 T d T 3 1 fsiHfecfc! fe3 33 3f 133 tF3 
331 

for feHf<33 fe3 3^17)333 3 ifeW 1 3 T UdH) - 
g33, 333t 3K H'dl3t 33, *l3dtf33 3M T 3H3 3H' 
33 331 3 33 333 l§3 333 333 333 

33 1 MH3, fd0Hy“3dl, feQHrts!' r d3 f^3 §3 fefeM 7 

3. y.-^3. fy. >3. 4 : 298 



fosOHWaSfeC : JjfUU— 3 T 33 3^t3 %H3- 
twtM 1 - (33>T?§) H3 (3 T rl) 3t d'33'Al, |33 333 W 
H?3H3t, ?W M3 HH^dd 333 M3 33 3t ufH3 
y33dl'd 3lfe3 3^f§-€3 5re3Hf33 3 34 fdT. 
Ht. §33-lfeH f%3 ^fdM 1- 3 1 |33 33 3^3 
^ 333 f%3 3^3 jfeMdi- 3 3?53 d33 fm Hf33 
3 333 33dT 5ft3t 31 fel Ef33 33 33 T §3 

3 1 " 333 3+ ?13f f33r 33 feH3 HHfeF FFfe 
1%3 333 Q“*dl 33 33t 31 M33^ fet HHt33t-, 
cT3T3, 333, dH'fed, MFT3 ST^Odr 3^ H3M33 
H3'f33 331 MtHdrt fed MO-T H6Mdl yfdd 1 733 

u 

?3tM T HfeM 1 " trfeM 1 " 3 1 ^3 H3T3T3 3^ Syput ftfS^ feH 
3 M'U'fed 71# §7331 373 MOT3 yd T fdM T ffelM 1 "! 
fe3 srfe3 11 H3t 3 3f373 3 1- MW 31 33 T 3 T 
7§33 feOH'ft 3f3MT (3 r §t3 3t TTHf) 3 33 ofHH 3 |U 
f%3 ^HM-r dfeM 7 TTt" 1 33 1288 f%3 3337 3 d'Q C 3 
feR§ 5Tl33t M3f3MT3 f33 3 Ws" d'dU'dl 3^ 
ffWI 3t3-HW 337 M3 HV3 3 333 3t" 

3'(5Hl<5l 337 f%3 ^ 33733 91^ 33 fu^ 
feffUWH 33 M3t3 fe3 ^TTfdM 1 - fdMFI fel 33733 
3*" USF d3 feM 7- fcrW I H3 1805-13 773«1M3 

3t 3337 33!' 3t 3 1 T73 T ?§ fed 1 " I H3 1815 feff 
§3 UTFM 3 1 " 0(314' 3 fdW I fl3 19 TTtft 3 ^33 
7TW f%3 3 1 §t3 f%¥ fld'dd'dl M3 §33 333 fej 
37F 3 733 for 5lf33 3t 33dt 3Ht I §3 HUWtl 

f%3 33^ 3Wt 5P33 Efej3 f%3 Ud^M 1- felf^ 3*" 
M3 dt 33 1 fSTT fug"' U3 T 3tM f ’ 3 3f3 33^ fSTlW*- 
3t H3H3 d^- 3 sret 3^3 I 18 ^JTCt^fer 

HX7 d r 75l* f3I3 W M3 fH3t 3^3 Wf 
^ylM 1 - rF Hd^lMi- 331 3 fert T ^' MTTd^ fe§ 

M T 33 Mt37§, Mt7'fe3M3, tt'fead't f3R f%3 33f3oT 
3t3 3tMi- 3373^ 33, 3 fert'^' Hsfld'ff Mt^fl - , 
ddrtlc<l M3 HrtMdl fHawdl HHy 1 ^' H 3 1 UJ3 33 1 

M T H T §t— 575,794 (1991) 

51°12 / §. fe3.; 6°47' U. 33. 

3. y.->?)?7. fy. >3. 3 :727 ; MfT. 9 : 497 

fefoT : fe3 533 f%3 d7#3 3§t 3 1 " f33 T 3 7# I 
M33 3 331" fe§cT §t S 7 " 3377 H33 wfeM 1 " TFtF Tft - 1 
y'dB'd' M3 Hfdd'd' 1 3 fe3 713 3 fH3 T 3 

TlfiW TT+W Tit I fedTWV fe3 14 ?t'7T3l' 33TM3 
3f77M T M3 333 feM'tl 1 ?33 f%3 M T §3 rtdl' I fed 
333 fe§3U3t TFdtTTt 333 ^333’ 3d3t 777§ 

3 f§3 3 1 " M33 3 33 r I 

3H3 337 t f33 33^t §7f dM 7 ^ 3 

fedt 733t 5§ ftW fefH 337 TT 7 333 W 33T-333 
5733 33 377 1 333T M3 33H3t f^3 fed 7 ?? 333 3 
HatM 7 753t for M33 3t ?33 §t3t rTFSt 7# I 




feuut feu huu hu fefu uut hhhhu hu nfe 

feu HfUHU HUU 3TOW HU HU HU 1 HU-UfetU 

guu feu win u §feu feu feu hiuu $ ufet 

Hddd 1 fettl I 

16 Ut fe 19 Ut HUt U UUU SU feufew U 
UETCfcT" U fe§U fe UUfef fetrfUHFU oTHTTt" HU UU 

fefeh 

Urfef fe HfUUt Hfe U UUU HUU Utw 
feddl'ffclU HUN 1 " HHUUU 1 " U Wife feu Hf" UU5" 

uuh u gfefa-F uu ire gferfefef u §u hu ypuu 1 " hu 

onfeH UU few H" fe^oT HUU U HPUU ^UJoT UU feu 

;uufew uru ?feri ufau ufeu w feu wu nut 

UfUfe 5" dt fHUU 1 " Ht UU 15 Ut Ufe U nfefe HW fe 
feu Hfuu 1 " yfetur §" fufer ruar wuf i fuc^r huu 1 " feu 
fe^ 1 " HfUfunr U HFUUt HU §?fr feu fe§U nfe WH 

u §ur few" feu utfe-uuu mu 1 " uts" nfunr 

WW Ht I fefu ut UUUt W HUSH HU HUHUt, UUfe, 

feu#, huu, uunuFU nfe uuufetw feu for uu 
fen fe few's!' fen u hu^ u feu^ ufefe, uuu, 
UUHWUfetW, UW, |H ; HUTU nfe M'dlsl HUBfe 
feu Uf feu feU HU 1 

U. U.-HfU. fe. H 1 ". 4 : 62; HfU. Hffr. 9 : 462. 

ffe^oTUT, life?" WUUfeH" : feu fw uufelnl 

fUUUUU U 1 " HUH ufeut HfUgUU, 1865 §" UfeH fed" 
Ufewi feu Wife!" feu-feu WdUHUU 1 " 




mu WUf fefoPH 

‘L'Apprenti Soricer’ (1897) UUU HUH UfHU Ufewi 
HU 1882 fe 1887 UU feH U UfeH feu feffew UOfU 
Ufetl WUU ufefe ?UU-HTfe ‘Veleda’ (1888) UUU 
UH SHU H UTU flOT U UH ftfecf UU5" feu SH^'S 
tidifecf'd' Ut Hut feu HUfU U feTWI feu 1910 U 
1912 UU feu UfeH HUffe fefeWU feu UffeU 
WUHUU W Qtnu »fe feu 1927 U Wlfet HU UU 



Hdflu U 1- U.dHd fed 1 I ‘Les Eceits de Paul Dukas Sur la 
musique’ (1948) HUffe HHUl' feH U ufeu UUUU fefe 
UT-feUPTUI 

‘La Peri’ (1912), ‘Aeianeet Barbe-Bleue’ 
(1907), ‘La Plainte au Loin du foune’ (1920) HfU 
‘Sonate’ (1901) Wfe feH U UU fUWU-HUTtu HfU 
fuuu-7uu uu i rnfet Hufusufe ufefe fen u 
wufetw HUU HUtW Wlcufeu HUlfe UUS'fe r HFU 

|u feutwi 

17 HHt, 1935 U CrfeH fetf feH Ht HU U ufet I 

U. u.— >?HV- fe. W. 3 :697 ; WT. 9 : 390 

fsifbiwlwr : US'fet UU'feU ofU MUFPU feU 
HUU Hfet U HUH-UTU 1- UfeufetH ^ UUU Ht H HHUt 
feU fw Ur UUU Ht I feU UU' 1 *! W3\ U fefed'Hd 
ydUH fe5U UT fUur HfU fedUr ^ UUt Ht I fefeH 
HUU 1- HH 1 HUU U HUTU'W §U fftlU ufew U^ §H U 
few U H'd Ufetw H 1 " HUHTUH UUU U 7 fed'tl 1 
H^fewi fefUHTU U feU fUHUt H^fet >HU 
WUfet UUUt HfeU U'dTPHO UUHU fu §UU felWI 
fUH ufet WUUT U fen §■ HU7U feut fu wife 
Rfew ut wuut fe ufer ustw (ww uhu) 

HUU" FUST HUU Hfet HHW Cfe 1 " U HUUt U I fefe feF 

u h^u fvit u 1 tfgu uu u hui fefuutmu u feuu 

UHU HU fu WUHt HU dfe >HU H HUU §H Ut UUUt 
fUdU 1 ’ U HU Gd mdd' HU" dfetW" I 

uy.->?tu. fe. 7 : 319 ;»?lu. fe. H 1 ". 3 : 495 ; UU. 

6 : 232 

fsT^^ydl : feu fedTWiJ Ut HUU 1 " U^Ut 
uuufeu ut tnu arfetttur utout ufefet" u 1 " feu 

HfeU U fHUU 1 " ?5tUH H 13 fu. Ht. (8 Hfe") Ut^dtU 

uferuu Tvpt fuu utuw u i 

fefuik Guuur uw ut HUfet UHU 1 " U I feH H 
feu 1 " UHU, ufetu, HHt?U, HUUU, UHU W HHU, 
"dH’-fePf, UUfetW, HHU HfU UHUTfeu HUfU U 
§UUdT Ut Ufet feUHU U UU UU I 

13 Ut HUt W UfeW ydfefe" OT HU TUf 1 W 
UfHU felUH Hfe fUdUUtH U UUHU feU fe HUUU 1 " 
feu UUP UUU UU I feu uustut fttfew uu uut feu 
oTUH ut Ul feu HfUU fen dfetWHUHT U UH HfeU 
SFU HfeW HfeW U I 

HPHUt - 51,310 (1971) 

U y.-fe. f%. f . 5 : 268 

fef^TT ; Ufet UfetfHU, H 2 U fufufeniH U 

fefuu fuU 1 " Hfe 1 " U ! HU fe HUU HUfefUUlWU 

fefuwtwr uu srau fefuu w huu" fewu 

HffoHTU offer few U I fen fe HHU-fUHr 2-227 




92 



fefvjfahHH 

fHfftWT PuttdG 1 d O' I fen P^M-Hrt QdH 1 H 1 " Hdl 

U3 1 " 73§3 7^E f*Q< r *' B UB W U3 1 " S 1 ^ W 
mB 7 tr, fe§3?77 W U3 (2-014187) UH^t 33 
ferret MB Ud 1 (5 'E T 33 3<J UMdl' d'Jl Ud 1 (-idl'd tT T 
Hc(t! 377 1 

33*77 >H3 f<5Qd'?7 3 fTTTfl' §^T 3#3T fT 3ftl77 
( 357377 ) twr § fsifdj* Pydcyl h1u? 7 y3'§3 u?7 fen 
33t fsiOdJtS W3T 1%l3P>F?7 3t tTT-^'dlcSHd'yl* 
HdPdHPddH 3t 3 T 753 r 5(33 377 > 7f33 T 3 fel fer 
(3377) 3 fefZTl §1 335(1 H33 0. 857407 f^olff 1 
3313377 MB felWi' H33 2-738 X 10‘ 27 

3. 2 B\ 

fsiQ^TT §1 ?31f fefsrat 3 333F 

f%3 Qfl-y>ylwi- 3 33 3 >F3 5(33 (d, p), (d, n) MB 
(da) fo( fd'M 1 '^' §d3?7 o(d<5 ttdl ofldl -H 1 tfl. 3" I 
ufasl»r b f%3 PsfQkFS §1 335(§33 T uf7' 

35” oCd6 j fe)T fe-5 frtOdJrt n 3*" UTFS" Pd>o(tt H'tl 1 3 

for §- 3W? fsf oi«Twr 3Tfir3 573 - wb 7 zn Pf§ <us 

B 7 p3 wr (33*77 W PcSQdUS’) §33 r & tFtF 3" I 
3333 f%3 ’H : 2 H 3l §375331 6700 3 >H3W f%3 
3 (feny'd h§ 1 tu PscGdldlwc) i 

3. U.-te. nl?r. 3. 3. 4 : 85 

foSQ^ldl^HH :133 d'dlSi-l* 33 B 7 HUHU'cSd 
3 133 B 7 dH'fefecC f37j" 2H W D 3 1 fe3 B 7 33H T 3 7 ?t 
33 2.0147 31 3'yli36' 3 dFFfefe^T 33 #f33T 
U3H'<i‘^l - s) l d l fe’dci 'd 333 33 P<5 G c( Til Hd 1 tfl 33" 
5F377 2H GT y3?"-H37F fH75l I 377 1931 f%3 fe3 
HUHU'cSc; fsiQ^ldlW Bf fer 573(133 3T( 33. Hi. 
33t. 33. tH. yfdd^l 33 §1. 3K. H33l 3 5ft3tl 
fed 33 d'3ldid3 133 B 7 33 1 .0089 3, 3 

•s 

6700 f^ffiw f33 fi33¥ fcr f3TF 33t 3 1 GtdMPdM 
331333, IFF 5(33 fiddril U 7 ^ - 3 fdAdVMHF 3 
§333 33t 3, fW fe§3l3t3H ?t H T BU T fo(f?1 
Uf33§t3l 

f^Qdldl^ , D 0 , o(H3 3 3 T UK T 3§3"feF 33T 31 
fe3 33 iff!" (D 2 0) 3 fyAd(<'fefH3 3 frTH3, 
§3 r , t35fl3K 33 333t3K ?33ft3 t WB^ 7PB Dfi 
§t f5Tf33 T 33 r 3 T 1333 oft3t FF§t 31 fH3 fTO 33 3 
333 d 'dl^FTl 3 3HcT dHltdd 33 T 3 T 1333 oft^t 

tF§t 31 

33 Is* G dl dl 3H 3 _ fdU'Gl d 'dl 3 T 33 33 fdd- 
fe 3' dl 33T £[3^ fs(Odldl>MK W 33^ fHH33 3 (20° 
K 331)377 §3 H37777 FFTT 1- 97 .8% 33t-l3§3l3t3H 
3)1 fsi'§cl dl3K B\ 3 ¥ d3-U3 T dFTTr W f%FHF3 
IT K §3 3fF 31" 3 r U-3 T 77or3 r 3 >33 773 
3 T H T 7§ 773 ofte 1- tF H5f3 T 3 1 fe§3l3t3K fe^" 3377 
3 3333 fe3 33 3 l «l*Hd l dlcS" 33 HdfdHfdo(H §t 
3333 cFJtjt 3 33 333 fdHH f%3 3K5" 333K- 



3§)3 t 377 FT3 fST CRT f5(HK f%3 f33H 
^33K - 3ftFH'<^ 1 dt(l3 T 377 I 333 - 33 33 1 " - 
f3§3l3t3H 3 3f33 33 HTFfefeyr 33 5T3t f>33 
3753 3771 fss 0 dl dl 3K 3 f33'tCdd s/fdd 33 
dH'fdfe'o( 313 33l3K (3333 33tt377 tTFT 3 t 
33H331' - 33 1 13 J) TT^ f>(753 3753 377 1 33p 
3 T 753 t f33 fefzl3l3K U3l3K 773" 33 3? 
15(133313 31 fsfQdldl3K 33 3313377 3 
ff3cT 33+ 3 1 " 3331 353373 33^ FTd*! f%3 IFF 1 " 
fdP>F 3 I 



PdGdldl WT 3 33 33^ 3p35( - 


3J3 1 " 3 H75" 




3^t33 


fdOdTdlw-r 


"dldd 1 


13.96°k 


18.72°k 


H'UdcS §3^ OTFfT- 


20.4°k 


23.6°k 


?( ‘Pdo ( d^UlFTl 


32.24°k 


38 ,35°k 


?( ' Pdc( 


12.8 ^T-H375 


16.4 ^3- 3375 


dl«<i-dldHl 


28.0 o(W3l/H?5 


47.0 5TOT1/H3 


'Mdlofdd-dldHt 


216 c<<Sdl/H75 


293 5TO31/VR5 


(H'U'dcS §ST3 333 3) 




20°k §3 3375 3 


28.3 fi-r. fe. 


23.5 fk. fe. 


3FK->H3or »Ffe3?7 






** 







feOdldlW 3fH f?3 33 5(33 HD 3t 3^t f§3t 
f375 l 'dd 33t 31 U3l3K 33 fe§3l3l3K W 33IF3 
Ud 1 3377 ttdl UtT HUdddldd , 3F-T d'Tioid 1 33T, 33 
f5(H 3334 1%3 313 3 U3377 3t 'feU ?33t 7F3t 3 ! 327 
.fe3 dj<b f%HW33‘ 3 3'U'd «G1 <^dd 313 377 1 
1377333 Htra3K, 333^, 33^3377-357 33 f*0c(Hl 
335(1 37777 r 3 I fdOdldlw 1000°k §"3 U3l3K 
32% 33 f^3ffl3 33l 3 1 5(33 3 §3 lF3t 

fe3 fsiOdldlw UdlF^F 3 t 3 T 3lftT77 313 3 |U 
f%3 PuHttul 3U3377 3 H't 11 333 fdH 3133U313H 

U33 r 33 i ‘ 3t 33 W ^ 33t 3 1 

PsS0dldl3H 31 ?33 33 33 3 3 1 3 lF3t 3 3U 
fBB 5(l3l 7F3t 3 1 3335(3 3353 f?3 1§3 33 3§1 
3dl 75 T 3?3 31 3375" 3 3d' 1%3 3375” Pd0dldl3H 3t 
?3 3 H33 cTF 7 " 3b>F p5jQdldl3>f Pc5§5(Wl33 
(Po!§< r t5')7F77 I5(f33 r ^ i ' 3 3f3377 75§1 oft3l 3^31 3 
H T 3l3B3 f 77 t fe3 f3§3W 3 35(33 Utfdld 313 7 
3 f 3 T 3 3^ fbr 333 P(50c(75l3H i ' §1 fellW 

B 7 3ftl377 srtF 1- W 33 33 
PcSQdrt'dld §3U77 5(t3 W 35(31 333 3fa377 i ‘ 753i 
3Wl?75r 3f3T5F 3 f33 333373 fe3 feGdldl3> 
373 3t ?33 5(l3t 3+31 3 1 333 331- P* G c( 75l' 33371 
(fusion) S’ 33375- 5fl3 T 3 r 33 3+ fe3 PdQdldlW 313 
333t 3 1 " 333 §1 H33^y3?7 HH 1 " FF33 3t3Tl I 

3. U.->t3. >?13. U. 3. 4 : 102 





93 



fefHtTfeW, >M : ddfe 6'c'6( l dt fed 

Wof'd 1 d 7- fedd 2 rid-^dT, 1713 t Ofed fed 
dfewi fed ?W>>fd dfe dfetd d Fddcf ¥dd 5T3d 

ddd ufetr tfeh ufecr ufefed fed $h wd Itstw 
1737 dt. fee" fedd ufefet dd ufed fed wj^ 
udrnf fdfen fen d ddtd d ddor dfw 

oTdfefeddddt, dfedt, Wdt iliftiw d w 
cdfe ddddt fdfet i otfedfet d ddd 'Rodogune' 
fed Sfdltjudd 1 ' d 7 TOT dfd 1 ^ ddd fed dt fed d on-TO" 
otd fddtl Rdl'd T d fed cVdd fed dd ddd fedd 
fdHcc d Ugd feWri 1 Usf'^d 3ld T l dd 1775 fed 
fedHdddfed^fSd d dfet I 

20 dd-fet, 1803 d Ofed fed fed dt Hd d 

dfetl 

U..y.-ntd.fe. H r . 3 : 702 

fe^hffe ^ttodl'rdd (Dumas, Alexandre) : 

fed 19 dt Hdt dr fed TO? fw .sid'dtdl *'dc(c('d 
>>fe cS'^&d'd Fft" I for t rr ddd 24 'fjttfet, 1802 £ 
Sd fed fedrtl'dd c( 'do fed dfew I UriUd fed” dt 
fed d fed 1- dt dd O’ dfet I d Heft fefdW IFW ddd 
§ddd fed ufdH fed ofSdd dd few 7 " FI did fed d 
ffe fsTd fet^ 1 * 1 dtw - feyd*" d 1 " > tfftp>t( t r dfe 1- i 




»feddfed fdOiF 

fen d dfdd ifed fe HHddd’ >Hd HUdW Udd 
fe'dr^Hd' dd cffel fed 5" wud HfeTOTfer dt 
Hdd ddd 91 7ddd fodl fed dt»F ddcVd' fed 
FlftfefdWAc) dlsTIdd 1 6dl d Ud <Vdo(' d U'dd 
felddd fed H i-ffe d 1 > Hd fefdOi'rilrt.d 1 Wfd dd dd 1 

fed dUd ddd Wife fefeW 'A'd« T ddd 
Ufdddl !ddfe dt ffet ddd ^'d'^dd 3Y 7 >ffad r dt 
dt I fed Iddfe dt FIdfet d 7 " Udtfdd Fft I fed FIdfe ^fe 
fflfed dddt^Ut SUd 7 ~37 dfet Upfed dftW I fed d 
dddrddHd ?T r ^7d i ' dt fe ?ddoff fed I Hdfe dt 
friHdt dddfedT Fft Ud fed d >Hdfet dd7T fed THdtd 



fef>F, fefdfed ddd tlddfefd dtdd 

d T ddd fddd Ud ofte 1 " I fed dfar dddfe - fed 16 
17 ^ >Hd 18 ^ ddt d Frafefefet ddfe d 1- 
TOt dd dddfd 1- dl fed d Odd ?d^d ( dt drffe 
fefe dfe %dd■^ (1844-45); ‘dt dt HHcflgfefdd' 
(1850); ‘dfe dfefdd Wdd' (1848-50) >Hd ‘dt dfed 
fetmi^ (1850) ddl WTdt ddd, Mdl'd'd tfedd ?dld 
d ojdri'dl dd ?d?d fed dt fedd ddW dfdd JddI Udt I 
Ufdfd 1 " fed td MdJd WdoT d 6d 1 ri o(d ffedd Fft Ud fed 
§d £ fed dt dd ddd ^tfet I 5 dddd, 1870 t 
d Sfe ifet fed fed dt dd d dfet I 

d. y.-fe. fe. t. 5 : 269 ; >)fe. fe. VT. 3 : 700 

fef>F, w w? : srwit 

dd'fed-fefeldfdd >Hd fefej dd fe o('dy*l feHOTd 
d T dd dfe gfed d fed dH'fei-fefePHfet d 1 ' 
d71d 14 tfefet, 1800 felfed fed yfefe fed Ufe^T! 
feddtfdd dfe21 ddd fe dt Tfet Fft fe fed d dfe 
dH'fed-fefePTfdd nfe df^-fefdP>f7r d ddd fed 
dfed dd oftwi dddd 3 7d?d fFRdfe fed d 
1818 fed fedd^ d fert'd ffet »Tfe§dt?7 fe ddd 
HJ fedt I fefd 1832 fed Ufed y*1ddfd87 d cdfed 
fefe dfed fed Qtdd WT fePJT I 

fed d 1830 fed cTdddt dfelfe fed 
dfefeddd >Hd d T Ud^ rtdl'Oi Jdfe ddd fedt dt 
Hd»rd effet nfe 1831 fed ^fwfetd fecra.y fefet i ' 
fedd 1832 fed HW-dp - d dddd dt odd ^dt 
dfe 1834 fed fed fed offe' fe ordy^l fefdW fed 
dfefeddd fe W dfeRd S' Ffofe ddl fed fe 1834 
fed dt ddd dfedfed Ufedtd dd?" fedd dfed 
Wfeddd fey c(3 ottww 1836 fed dfffedd ffet 
dddd dfffet I dFffed ^d dtfedT Fdd dd cfdfe fed d 
fed fed 1- fe d'dddt dH'fei fefePldd fed dBFdpr 
d HUH fedd d d feldW dd ddd dd >Hd dH'fefed 
dfdfp>rP dddl fep ddd >Hd»T d ^d fdfW d 
ddd dofd dd I feFfd ddFFd dfe dt OtT fefet d 
fedddddfefd dW - feT dfe 3W ?dd ?dd dd I 
dd ^t cfet dd dlFF >>fe ufe-fddT ddd dfe ddfe 
d 1- »fddt dfd UH 1- oTefd ffet fefd 1- dT ddtdd dt 
WdfejffFdl! 

fed 1849 fed fefFT, ddSd >Hdddt d 7 ddd 
dd few yfe dWd fed Ofed fe fedt dfed d 1 " 
dddd d Wd dfed §Udd fed ddd fed d*- dddd 
dfewi 

10 dfUd, 1884 d fed fed fed dt dd d dfet I 

d. y— >>td. fe. H 1- . 4 : 268; >>td. fe. 7 : 750 

fzQw, ffeH ddHdTfefe 

jflrife : fed ddfe d 1- ffer fW 1 ' ddfdd Udt 
dfew dl fed d 1- d?7d 23 ddt, 1790 Sdfe fed 




94 



fsfeee' 

eet-ee-eefe fey - efew i fee e 1807 et. fesr 

fefywefe # W H We 1 " fee U^F offer I 

fee e 1826-29 fe. fee fenfe fee eefew 
#«r ye orae sfe wdd 1 fefe wt 1837-40 e ee>e 
fejfet uee fe ww fefei fefe mew 1 " ew et 

— 0 

feee eee efe few fe ye feet wit yen enfe e 
ye y^fewi 

ee I 820 fee ^ fee yefe ee eeie e erefe 
hM #ft ee fee 1- et 3+ fee e eerfeet ewe §• 
few e fee few werfe y*'*l yefew eif 
fetrw, fee few ‘fefew feu’ fee eie e 3few ee i 

ee 1822 e ofefe fee een fe ww e 
fwfaw wt 1825 fe. fee eefe yefwri fee e 
west wnet u'dd 1 eyfet H'd He 1 " eeie #« feet 
fere fee fee e i780 fe. e ere ee yet t-il* eeurfe" 
re ene fe ye fefe 1 fee em e em fee e 
frsQefw d e fe srfe fefew e ene we 1 fee ww 
e ere fee feet refeefe wfeew, ffef srefetw, 
fef ffeet, wfewe 1 ", tferfee wfeee »fe refee 
wfe EFfe r fe ffewi 

re 1822-25 e eee fee e set fee e ee 
efe fere w we eiew 1 fee 1829 fee fee eefe 
yewfew wf i830 fe. fee fee e rrfe e y we 
eeee sfe §" fee ferre wet feeer yewfew 1 fee 
1837 fee fee fe feet oefe fee 1 # fe ee ye wt 
u^efeHefe'eiefeefereefefeetfeTffetM'dd 1 
ej feet 1 wufe reefe wreew wt feet ee 
eereweeree f#fefefefefefefefer e 1838 fe. 
fee get few ufewre wt e^feefee feu fe re 
feet 1 fee fee fe fen-uget ee eefew fe ye 
fefei fee 1840 fee fee re errfe tree e fee. feet 
fert'of e 1 " reer wurfe urjrfe e cvO e yisJrtl eee 
efwi fee i84i e »fe fee fee eefe uefeyri 8 
Het, 1842 et. fee ufee e reeefe fee fee-eeme7e 
fee fee et ee e efet 1 

e. fe. H 1- . 4 : 269; nfs. Wf. 9 : 469 

fssOd* : eeeret e ffee-ifeet fee fee ffeef 
ffetre ^eeestyp' eer e 1- ereyfet efee e feree 1 " 
yffefeee ueee etyp - ^fee-yefe 1 <£ 1 6 d yrorre 

fe 28 fe. et. uee ere ee efeyr e fee efeyr efeyr 
e i fee 748 fee fee w eefer et fee eeet e ee e 
feee ypfeyri ef^re fee eee weej yffee fete 
wfee fee feor fee efee efefeee e feryri wen 
eeefee yfetre fee fee efer efeefe yfe efefeen 1 " 
(trae ee r ^ t ) w eee-Hsee ffee yffe fee et eeere fe 
e^fefyr fetfetyfe efetyfei fee 1242 fee yfee e 



feOofi ee ee fepjr 1 fee 1 543 fee yrfocr e eneer 
fefefere uee »rfe ewe eew fefe 1 feew oet 
wet eeee fee eee e fewi ee r e r efe eefefe 
fee fee fee efe eet sre fey fePH 1- ue eere fee 
ew et reefee fe OH'd fefe" fepe 1 " 1 yfeeft fee w 

— 0 

efa-F efer, orere, ^ue, fee 1 ", ye ee dH'fe<i 
ed 'Qe. e 1 " eee e 1 efee feyr ^eeie^er gfe fee 
ereeufee em yre yfew fetepyee et tpeeieee 1 " e 1 

yrwt- 85,867 ( 1983 ) 

50 ° 48 '§. fee.; 6 ° 28 / y. W. 
tr. y.-ytre. fe. h 1- . 4 : 289 

fstOdd, lo'fHHai : fee feefet w fee fv 
eeee eefte eereee 1 " eefte fefew et 1 fee w 
eree ferrafee 31 ene, 1684 §■ efeyr 1 fee ^ de 
fee yfe e^fee wee fey et fefe»r true efeti 
ee 1710 fee fee w yfesefetO" eeeeeet fee 
yij^er eer ftw" 1 fee eet ey ey en 1 ' e eefte et 
feTw few fee 7 1 ee 1745 fee fee fee feeefefer 
w feetue wfi fee efee eefte eeTiw fee eee, 
err, eefee, tpeHe efte yfe yfe e eefte et efeer 
ypfe eere err 1 

feeetee 13 yrarre, 1755 e wwfeyffeti 
e. y.-ye. fe. vr. 3 : 721 

f^ 5 " : eeofd" w wrefe 1 " e fee 
» 7 — 

feyfet hotj w yy re feefere feie fefee 
eft 1 fee w eee 5 rfeee, 1885 §• eewee wr 
fee, reee yfevre fey efeyr 1 fee efer yeeon" ‘et 
eeet w fefeeet’ (1926) yfe ‘et eeet nre 
fefeefewe’ (10 feefe 1935-67) e fee §■ 
dddettlA eyee-ewe >H 3 " fefeee e yfetr 
fey 'd)yr et eee fee feyp" ye 1 " odd 1 1 

fee e 1- feyfet ?ffee ‘feeefet yfe et eee 
ufeee’ e ye ’fed ee e ee efeyri fee fe eet 
yew ‘et eM ype fewfet’ etfe 20 w snfer 
fee eiifey-r e ufe ee we fecfep- »fe fee e 
»rew wt aw fee eei wife err fee w fw 
fee ?me ‘defeftee’ ^ftp>ri fee fee e yptfe 
eew, treee w eefetw efee few eee- 
refeefeW w fee wr et 1 fee fe yfeeee ueeore 
ee yew ‘§e yfe d$?He’ ( 1967 ) fee e Hree 
efWew fefeen ‘fe efert we fefeepfefere’ fe 
eefe few eti w 1970 fee fee e ‘feeeflfeHe 
we fjfete-e ee# we eeueef fweee' yyfee 
fefe 1 fee yew fee e efee ee e wyfeor efeje 
fe y^fet e feene uew ee eei fee yew ere- 
eefe wt yeewMor e we fee eeree ireor wt e 




95 



HF 1913 [Wtj tfe fea feQlH'dol ffttd £dd 
a%a<7 HF75 ffta affaWlicT gf 3+ for F afnjftt feft 
H'fdldd ftfF FiaF FT* few adF fcptfT- >}f§- 
feFTHlf ftaaiaFUFHFrfftFmfey^fttgfftBga 
gift i 

for ftt aft 75% 9 'thWh fftF 7 rtftyd, 1981 F 

ftftt i 

zr. y.-nfc. fft. if. 3 : 721 

fftQd 3H > H T j5' FUdH 1 (Durandus of 
Saint-Pourcain) : fea feHU, Uaa-H'Hddl W 
ewfftcT F FW 75-. 1270 ftt. fftF gg% fftF FUaF 
ffta ftfeWI KZ OTf ^ftfePH F^l few ftT 
fftdUFftFFWlfeay^l^ftfe^l 

feflftF aaig ftfafeaF aa fftF ftht? afenr 
aftf 1313 ftt. fee" fea ft ufaa ffta aga ffta fftF 

TOJ ftt PsJdldT FaF cftfttl UU ft for ft affttFF 

fftauaaFKaFa^ TsarfftFiaaTafeacfet ^?a 
ff ft awt ftt aataiF fftF fain fen ft fezw 
ww ffta ewfftof ft feHd'HMdi w ft few'F 
ugr HKfe»ft fftF Wfetaft d 7ft 7ft >Hft fftgf%>F ft at 
uftr ?5 ftftt f dlftt ft i far ft aga >nft feiH^FT ft yaF 
ftg , ft¥yg%'ft J ftftg'fft3 T i>>Fi4ft fftFFonaF^aay 1 
ft UFFcT OTK fefep>F7ft WfttFa? FW fea ft HFtF 

ft gift i aaa ft >HW)ft fts 1 w fea ft ff ftt ufef 
dlftl I 

12 ftt aftt ft fed '75 fti uaa-aaiggt lifea 

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ftt fea ufaa g^r?^ ft i for ft feTVF 1328 ftt. ffta 
fe)T ft ‘De origine potestatum et iuris dicionum’ UHdd 
ftt feat I for UH^a fftFfeaFUUFF22ft>>fF 
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nagt fftFF w Qu f ua afa»r i 

loaaaa, 1334 ft a ffta fea ftt aa a afet i 
a. y - ft?r. fft. tr. 3 •: 720 

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iff fit ft 1 fen fecr IftHg norar f sa ft. ft ufet 
— *> 1 

fftF ui75 ft ^aa 1 fftF feaFfear ff ft 1 

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cftFF Hoft! 1 ft I U%t TfelF (FT? feK F" feHdUg 
ftFB' rFF 1 " ft feft org?7 ft fft feJT ft ftft" ft ft% W 

ofKfe>}F ftyfed^'d ftt o(l ci 1 t-l ' t? ‘ H I fed fend CRT dl 1 ^ 

fty w Hft iFft^g - ft iu fftgr feraft u?r 1 ^ddF ft 
yfdrt' fear f%F cj<d« 65 s 1 tft ftH 1- ufet iFfts - ftt ftt 

ftftt ft 1 ^cftw ferfew f^F 9 ft HTHg 7 7 ft 75 ftt ftt 



feafttra", ft?i r 8fe 

fe75fet ftftt ft % ft aftftt f%F few »F TFftl 
TO%f ftfeft 75ftt ?gft TFF feaftw fw 
F?" H T Fg T ft75" ftt ftt fefet ftftt ft I feft ofdoi ftn ft wt 
ftt ^ 1%% f%#JT ^gr^ f^Fr tiffe>>F' tT^ 1- 1 

ggrfftaftijg' y<i'0<£ ?5ftt Frftfer fttfe yftt 5 % 
hf 1- ft ftt UtHtyf - feftlw u?r 1 ftorg - ftar f?F ft^t fftftt 
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aft infsrg §■ wfen ftw 75ftt fa- fftar 9^t vfw 1 - 
pi, ftrftfeifegr ^tfeF w gawt ftt fw fftftt feftt 
fti 

dditd 'd fftaftua— aft fftaftug ffta wdlft 1 ftgr 
ftw ft fty fty gar f 1- fftaftlra’ fft>w ftt3 T tT r HcfF 1 
ft 1 frrafe ttf ftgr uft w aafet ftft Ffetft if 
fft?ft ftyg- wwwi wra - ?f ftft fftft 1 ff r a^ddl 
cfttJF, fftaftt life 1 , OH 1 iftTF, F?7 dd 1 itfF fttlfet tt'rt 
mftfti 

Utfildi feagrug" % FF-ggn — yfa u 1 d cS 1 a fft 
feaftug ft ufedF tSdl a 1 " Hc<t ! 1 1 Hd3-ddi6 fed Fdfer" 
fftaa ft fftaftftg ftF 1- ft ffta fftF w fftaftug ft 1 
fett'^ 1 ft75‘>aft^ i dfea ftt feagfe ftft ftft UFftfeaftr 
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^ fft?7 a r> HF tjfew rT Hoft*' 1 ft fea fftF F75' Mft 

w fe"a feft 5 f graft fea fftaftug gw gaf ufe f 
§ u fftF ift aafe ft ftft feF a?i 1 fea IftF fega ftF- 
w fta ufet at toftF- 0% fti fftaftaa # stsr 
a T ag r fftF ufet fftF ufe - ft agaiFTftik'd' ft ftfw 
a t F T ft) ftcfF ft ufftTft fti wt fag feci iwfeH aaa 
ta fftftr ww ft % a §aa ft wft ft feaa7 75at ?w 
?f>h t §f iftftt%-ftftt>>fta%'fFfFft§ga77aiggT 
crg7r ft fta 75giFt ftft »fft gm fftF ggor tiF F - ^a ftft 
§ft aft-aafer ftt ?aft cftftt tftftt ft 1 ftfei fftaft 
afei>r igft ftft ftft Ff* - ft UttHdd 1 cedes fftaftug gn 
ffta feotH'dd 1 ?fet ft aFftti >Hferat afftftt ffta 
fftaftfta c?a?r ft 1 uftrcft >naFa 7511 %^- aaftt a w^ 
fti fftaftfta y<i r fta wfefe ftifefer >Haaa ftt 
yd'ftftlw-aFi 

aw fttw fti d 1 d ' ffta au ft gang f wra fea 1- 
§f ft fta war fftaa f fdaefta dd [snz ff ft 1 Fft 
fea feaftaa fftaa fta ft >nfftafeF a^ 75ftt at 
yd'fedF aF ft ua ffta ftt fea fea f aa? - ft 1 fta tsal 
feaF, Haa a ff fti aaiaw cfa?i ?ft fftaftaa 
ffta afeaw ofaF ff fftaftaa ft ^aa ftrs - fwfFH 1- 
ff ft, fftaa 1- fea ft aaat iff ft aftfw uffi 
aaFfti 

a. y.->>t?r. fft. 7 :425 ; fit. fft. t. 5 : 248 

Uft, ofrt'blrt : fed dTd'fe Ft fed add 
ftt UPftoT afft Ti'dl ■S' fti afe'dl a fed fti fed fe'e 

fw ftftt ft i fea afafet afwF, faftt, faa, Iff 




fs(H QUU 



96 



>3f iuu 3 3 u Hofef u uu ufauurFfe feu >hf 

feu Fjf #3 1 tWfUF feu fat 3 UF UW 13 feu 
Hfefet 3 FUU ffeuff ! 

feHUUU F fWU 33HHHUU3 UF U f 
56 ° K. FU UTUH UUF F FUF HU F>F U UU HUFW 
FUJHF 3" feu cfef fe?T FU ?^UT W HUF U I FUU fw 
3 >HfF 33 d'rtd feu HoT few 1 " tH 1 ^ 3 feu H'F 1 

uU] UMidcSMdl UfUF U I UtVFU UFff F HFHFU, HUT 

uuu 3 h 3 u ufaF US" f33 feu - 3u fe3 3 up>f 

Ufef HFfa HU F UU FUT UF UU UtUI Ufefet U 
faH’<* 333 F UF >HF life UF fefefe, ffa F 
§U3 HfF 333 3 FfsTF o(d<5 ^'feife F FUffeH 1 " 
>HF y d 1 Fil'd 1 3 UFU UF I feHFif cV « FU 
sfe !fe FUU UF FHF feu 3 3 u3 3 UUU feF 
UFI 

feH Ufeut F UU UUU Ft HFFdl HU 3 Ufu3 
FUF3uW#f3F3fu3lFFFHTFFH T >HU3F 
5 fUF 33 UUT UFUF F Hfe UF U fan life US' fUF 
FH W (105° 3 106° F. FU) UUTF U I ft fFF 
gfeu 3 h 3 F UHF 1 " feu UF U I fe fatt^F WF U 
FF U >HF IFF UfF 3 13 fFF Ul fw FF 3u 
UHHU UFF U >HF" ofet FU 33l F HUfU feu ufet 
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3 8 FUF ufu3 Ul FFT FUTF 3 10 3 FF 15 fFF 
WHU UF §" HUF FFK U FF U I HUFfa (m F 
UUU fUF) >HF UHf"- fattl ''Conjuctiva) feu rt'dl U 
FFf U.l fed Wdl H'dl FU cSrtl feF UF FFf U I 7>F 

>lf3 W" fe3 FJF Ufef Ucne' UlfeH-3 feF'FFUf 
>> 1 'd T d 6 Mil Ff fen Ff FUU feF IF Hdtfi U fefH feF 
Q«u1fe »f3 UFH HFfF U HoTF Ul FHFF UFH fFT 
feu feHUUU F feFF UF U?7 ; Ff feoT FH §3f feuf 
HFU UFf Ul 

feoT uufef fer feUFUf fHHdH Uf d[Hd U H'tl' 
U I feF.feU FU UHffe feU UFcffiF FF HFFffe 
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fe feU UfftlSF FF (wftufefeflU FU) fHUU fe HUfe 
ffefef UHUf , HU Ff >HFUWf UFUTHf fejuf, felf, feUF, 
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UFfF U77, 33 FF UFF UFI ufeuf Ff UlUfUF 
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F FFT U.Ufefe fair fFUFUfe UFfeF UU F3" HU 
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feHUH UUf ddl _ d[Hd U Ffe 1 " U I feH" cTUpT HUTUF 
FU FF feU fFFF 33 HFU F UF HsFUcT U I 

feF- feH 3FUf F feWFT feU Ffef HF FF 
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feu 3 FofU HldH F nldH F UTFUfetU F7F FF 
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3 HF3 f HUf >}fUfFfe3fecr FFFffe F UFF oTUF 
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(formalin) FF5" ufdfafdF FUF 333 F FUUHF 
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2 . UU HF fe3 WU 3f33 3 FF FF f33 Ffe I 

U\ fe . 7 : 493 

ferr : UHF HUH HfFFU feu FU3 F 

feuuuuys^l^f^feufeu'iiF’Ji'feu’ 

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fadHlS3 F feUTfeuf UU U 1 

U". y.->3r. fa . H 1 ". 3 : 576 

fewhflra - >31? : feu UFfefe 

ufefef>3 3 feFFUHF HHF U f3T F rfu 1 9 3 h3 




97 



f wf fee - yiHFfer 7 f hffhI y3F fen ff f 

feFFF 7 333 HF 7 I 3Foft FHT feH 33fHHTd3 fey 
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fFF 7 few 7 1 feF HUH H333 F3T FfH^toT 3 TO ?t 
HHF FI 1958 Ft. 5 1 HW 3H f^g- %j 

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feF 7 ^ 7 FtH 7 F HHF 1 - Ft fe3 feH^yfelffet 3t F fHH 
fen ydd'csW, >8'H<wlm r , foSHl&'iF 3 ff feH3- 
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H33 335" Httfet, 1333 d'Hddl 3 feH3 
Hcffelfe 7 afetTf 7 F3 fFF3t>H t S HU W HHFF 
ertFW'ffemiw HHHfe f 3fe3 3Ft fedF 1 
3Ff3HFt>H 7 l 

fo7 Hfefef 7 HHW S dlnfe] K3 F ‘ufetF 
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HVTrTcT HHffPH 7 S HFIF cftF 7 fFPH 7 I . 

F. U.-^lF. *HVf : 9 :151; >far. fe. 7 : 488; %V. fe. H 7 . 
3 : 571 ' 

PsJc^W : FdHStFfeH-fddd'dl'd >H3§3F 
F T H3H 2 FHHF, 1891 S feffFHPH 7 feH M3HHFH 

fey - Ffew i fen S wist o^f fen 20 fet Tret f 

HVPTfoT fe^'d M3 §3 3^3U3 1JF fSd'W fe3 FfFH 
F fH3-H3 fe'F r d ' S UHStF 7 F I 

fed feo( dtt 1 ^ c( d H d 1 dl F 1 " U3F Ht I feH 3 
3FF33 3 FTF Ft fufew IFIT3 cddl I KF fed fed 
feor 3 t ff t fI' 7ft feu3 r w d>>r ttr ff 

UdfeddlFF ffeF Sur S HH3T F IHy'FF^'F S ^t33 
Wdl' I 33f53FF ffey fttfePTF fed FF felH S ^fUy 8f3 
dldFF' >83 ‘Z Hc^dld'ylHtl »FF tl^tFfeFH , FBFT 
tF3F HFTF I H3 1924 feF feF S ‘Ftf' tHFFy F3 50 

U'd Uddldf" Qfedl'ir I fe^ 1 fey fen S «>d 1 dl FFFF 

FFU Ftft FFt FFFt dfdH3 F 7 " UFrd r F r Bft3 T I H3 1927 
fed fed 3FF37T Ft Fl'dd FlcedHt ffey UdHd FfFPH 7 
8f3 33 1923 33 fe3 >MFF 3 f^F.I H3 1931 ffeF 
fFF S U7W3 FlFTFKt 3Ft Ffeyf fcTPif I FF IfeHF 
WTFFFT fFHS 1939 Ft. feF FIHcOt >H3 H3 1945 
f%F .'odfelnl ^F 3 3F StH 7 1 Fit fel? P 3 F^W 
fFF FtFF 0ddB3l8F FFH?ft >H3 feSt fey SFTfaf I 

Hf feF feH 3 U3toT3H3 tFFF HFfel 
feH feHF T F3 T yf FFH3ddfeF T F fe3FfeP>3/H r §3 



fyyfHPife 

W tfe3 ? (1945) >H3 fedHtfe^H*’ (1946) FftF 
feH F r Qd'ddi F3 1 feH 3 f ■ -f^H fF3F 8f3 ofet 
FFTT3 UHF-gnt Ft HFfe I 

25 FFfet, 1969 S HFH3t F fdFHHFF feF 
fH3iT3 fey feH Ft H3 F Ffet I 

F. U.->>i7r.>Hft-. 9 : 209; >5)71. fe. >F. 3 : 587 : FF. >?r?7. 
6 : 319 

Pscuha, rt'dH (Doxon, George) : fediAss F r 
fe3 ufey HHFFt yitt Ht feH F r H75H 1755 feF 
Ffew i fen 3 ffeyt >WHFtcF f ; yfevft 3F Ft fer Sfet 
feH3 fe yfiT33 feifey °(Aylyf r feF 1- F fey f i fen Ft 
FtT cTF fedlttfe .F 7 FF F 7- WIFF HF3 ^fow I 

3UF3 33 Ft 3fet HHFFt M’3d’ (1776-79) 
feF feH 3 ^oT F T H T H"fe3 T fe3 feH d'dd 1 HFTF 1 HF 
feF ^HIH UFfenf F 7 feH S HHFFt HF F 7 oTUFTT 
Hd'feyr fepy i dfent.ffeFt yfHFfer 7 feF ff f 7 ?iff 
¥CrfeF ffet feH3 1785 Ft. feF H T FH T F TO Ft 
333 5Rl3t F Hd'H cfet3 H'd« , < ; A'rt GF3F 7 HF 

cdc/1 1 fen dd'6 fen 3 feWl6 wdtt'd 3y, Off 
H3Ffe FWF Trffe, fec(H* yfeFfeyfeyiAdlH'Fd 
yi'dodUlrt'di yi'fd fhph 7 Ft yn cffet i Ft3 feF fenS 
FF F 7 feF UF 7 HFTO tF fFF 7 >H3 1788 Ft. feF feF 
FHJ F 7 feof HF 7 ?! 3 5T FH FHfeF lyHF 7 ^fe^f 7 
feFT33 UFfeyri HFHT F ?FH nfftjSFFt fe3t>8H 
9FHtF3 3 H fFStfe feH3 feytfe, fe^ 7 3 yf'UFF 
feH3 fe ^ r fefl Ffefe F 7 ^F33; HF HF UFFfe3F f 
F 7 ?FFF %HF SHF >8^ >HHfeor 7, UH33 fffet I 

F. y.— i ^F. fe. H 7 . 4 : 136 

fo5o(Hrt, ^b6dcJ ytilrt (Dickson, Leonard Eu- 
gene; 1874 - 1954) : feF feF >HHFtoft dlfed^d' Ht 
ftTH3 HftPH 7 fey ' d 8T3 FIFH fe y 1 d fed HF3 Mdld'cS 
IFfeyf 7 ! feH H 7 H3H 22 H3?dt, 1874 S yiHFfe 7 F 
WHfefe 7 (Iowa) FHT feF feSttftH fey 9fe»f Ht I fe? 
1899 feF 8f I Hf33 (Aistom) fey Fc!H3 ycsfedfedl 
feF FTfe3 F 7 WfelSd ijtHF 8f3 1900 feF feo< 7 dl 
Mrtfedfedl F HFTF feF 5333 F fFPH 7 , feH feF 1939 
33 fFF 7 ! feH FW FfF3 yHFoT 7 feF 'St ?fe8F 
yrornFfe’ (1914) ;• 'wraHFFt fefetjlto 

(1915); iFHHFt »TF Ft fafFt »FF 3HFH’ f33 
ST3F 7 (1923) ; 'yfFHHFfe 8T3 F>HF >HFHHfFcfH ; 
(1923) ; 'H 7 3F3 yf3HHFFt fE^0dld , (1926) 8f3 
( HF3tH fe3 Ft fefFt 3HFH- (1930) H9-f3 F3 1 

17 H3Wt ; 1954 S FWH FFT feF F T Hf3H3 
fey feH Ft )?3 F Ffet I 

F. U.-^fF. fe. K 7 . 3 :531 ; ^7T. ufe. 9 : 85 

feorfFTHTT '. fed ynd1.€'d)-ftH 3FFT Ft HftT 
yfedloc fed fH3F <^ T 3l feo( fddl FT feH F 7 




fetaPHyar yi" yyfety 7 " P-feldfe 1 * 1 (Spiza americana) 3" I 

fey w y fey y di'Qi yfuM 1 " a", fay fed fey w 

W tty faJWjy y ddd'Qfel O’! 




ya tfgt yt ytt uty aaT yt yyt y, fay tua 
arw yaga (fey) gy y i fey yt fay fat ft aar yfar 

U'dl'tf*’ dtll't 1 ’ yy I H'd' y a3T HUH fed 1 life 7 dt! 1 y I 
tT. U.-tcT. H. Z. (1977) 4 : 108 

feorrfl- : HMo(d aur MHttor y ffa yyyt 3W 

y ffay yfar y fa?^ ^hw 1860-65 yyy MHatay 
y Hut HUfe ytt Htl feaTHt ytt tfaw c/fedd 
way y 1859 at. fey fet far aife y faytu t 
fenfftpirfedy nut afe yfy ytt Htu3" affa ;ay" 
ary)" yaxy fiiw yt >yt fey £ yurafet gf^y y Pt 
fafeyr yfen" yt i fea" yt ufew rife 7 " t ftr i860 at. 
fey fa. 6 M'd&fa tt y fyafayy afe y’ira 1 " rtat odd 
10 fit t s? ffe a fast ufe feary Mt ferny 
Hyfey >nay fefefe yt, aray yt fefa aufe y feamt 
ffay ya tar feO'fe yyfet aufe fea afe 
^dfelal yyal ^feyyyyf^atyfetaray yyi 

a. y.-^ty. ft. y. 4 : 135 

feoT, iM S#feoT : fey MHataft fettHtw 

' *s 

mh" QySfaya w yyy 21 ywfet, i88i y lay #y, 
fettwr fey afew feyy witt irafet aretty 
tyat fear ary fears" ww tfea y aray Mt feyy 
fufe" yt arr arttti fey fa fe«.'^ T fey §ya $ Ott 
aray yfe" ytyfofear yauaanary y w ady", yyfa 
sat fear yarfey few ady 3" JfefH* MdldferH*' 



y yatcT arfe-jr »rt yfeeafetKy yyy wet fe 
yfey ay? uyfesy sffei- 1 

10 wata, 1967 y ufa w, dwISd^lM 1 " fe 
fey yt >fe a afet 1 

a. U.-tty. ft. H r . 3 .'530 

Psfofead : #y d'A'H'd 

ffeofeayfeu : ty d ' cS ' H - 'dl 

feoTOT, WS (7F?7 y^TK) : Mdldfe 
fey watt awa y yyy 1 aa^dT, 1812 feavfe 
fey, ua?y>rfy fey afeM 1 " 1 fey y fuyr ^ ^77 
y feafey yt i-triHtv y d^ytr feyai fey cryaar y 
yafet tay 1 " yt, yfet §ya at mfet fyt feyyy m 
ynfefer" aiyfefer aray yfey y yaw fey fey-t 
yferfaynyy 1816 fey y^ufawyyy aTyfet 
yt M3" Q"y fed 5 yy yfe faa 7 " 1 




y'dMH fddAd 



feaypy y yyyy ya yqa ya yat yy 1 fey 
nay aft fefy»p" ituy cffet yt 1 fey a far w 

?t^y ‘yfegr cruaatyy' fey fey y wfe yyyy 
afey y fe afe" fy3fa»r aifey3f feyaw 
fey 1 " y fey ?y?y fey feyya y au fey feyffet 1 " i 

?y^y feyy yt rraiy fey§" Mrjy fyyy ay ■ 
yafe" y rfeft yt 1 fey y fyyf yfer arwytyt 

Hfe y>t yay ufaw y aiafet yt yasy fey 'yfe 
? T fy > y y afe^ iW 1 fey arafet w "^aay 
fearyy y wfe 77^ 'tfes" arfed.ltsd’ fey ad 
a 1 fear?y y fey 3 1 yaT w fe fy y yfeyw" fe < 
y fe?5" fey fyy yt 1 fearty yt fe y gy ty 
ulaw y tay a«'Qd"' fw i fearyy y tt ‘€n 
udiatasi tawfe fey yy aray sat fyy fapy 1 f 
feyyy y arafet, arafer w yy y yfey Mty 
ygy 3iw uoiy arty y fsr feg" fey y aay 



99 



fssfcfcSHrt, fefoddd 



y-rfew few dddt § fed s wfel s^s ‘tfW 

HS 1824 fedfeddfedTSWdTclddTGdd 
fen 1- 1 for S Sdd dl fedSd §■ # d Fldd ‘dV ddd’ 
fey" feof U'lffeo Hg» fed U^S d 1 " HcT fed feT^FI 
dS 1827 fed fed S fed doffe §d Sddl dd Sdl 
fed fed fed FPS d d^ dddFP dl fefdyPI fed fed 

S' H'dd-0 si dl fefw ITUd dd «dl tT fUS“ fed S' 
UddUdof dd"S fed Hd 1 !!] [Fill OH] I feh GddH U flirt 1 
ddd fed UddUdd dd fePH 1 " Md fesT U'drtlHd fed 

N 

did fePiF I 

dS 1835 fed fsTd'Sd, fefefAdl W 

Odd-Odd dd fdW I feH d ufdfe" HS 1833 fed fed 

s 

^'H'dfSdl 

for few s'«dttc('d fetrfel dd sdi fw ftIi hs 

1836 fed fsJdSH S' dfe Sd fed ddTfe d JU fed fej 

dfe i fife" fen s' felsffsai ^'sfert’ fed # mfelyr 
dHSfe UdOdd ay^'dfw fOdfed ddd d FRdd 
Fifed dl Hd fUsT fed S' ‘UWdHd Oddd wa dl 

fOdfed sred’ few ddd fed tfero dd sffer i 

2 W. 1836 S' fedSH w few ‘dfefSdT 

•> •’ ss 

9 ( 'Slofrt’ d FRj'tld rH'diH ddl'dtl dl 01 oftidlol ddl'dtj 
S'ft d fdldf | fe5T FIFf do( fs5 o< cy rd fed ’ddl H 1 fddc< ‘d 

dir ufetr d dd r Fit i fed feyfd dl fi 1 fo3 of ydfe-fed 

•n — 

ddd ddd 1 " ddl I Odd 1- HW d fedOdd dfes fed fed 
d dd dd Udl dd d>T dd fed d 1 " fedOdd rffes Sid 
dSd 7- feF I for dl Fjddl Hdl ddFdd 
dfod F5dT ifet" Pi ut MS' UTH^ I feoTTyff S' fen 

>fe Z ZZZ HTfeSWfe fen fel S' wfe S^FT fe 

feGfdPflrfel' Hfe' fe^" ‘fwm w&’ z tra ^ 

zzz wcfel' 3^ ffeferi fe? Hfe" feretfeETUd' 

Hfet i-P d t-fts 1 ^euftwfe^^^dfejfeTUStl 
fed Hfe fed U3fe feddfe fed 7ZW ^ddl- d 
dfet udf fen z\ irfef fndifer fen e dt dtd^- 
ddt I 

fe 1838 fed fdol^tJ S' WJ? WW ?d?W 
‘wfea dfend’ ffelw i fen Fddfd d HHnid dd fe 
ufdfe dt fed?ld S' WI^T dH 'fs^^H fcw^’ 
Wdd dd fed 1 I fed dd'S fed S' 'HoTfed PfTd Mdl 
dfeKHS’ W feSfed W ifel ofUSd’ fed I 

fe 1842 fed >MHdtoT dt M'dd 1 ddS feldd 
fedSd S fe'dfdS W >HddtofS Sdd’ fed I fed d 
ddd fife fed dt Uddd '%ddd dSd’ S ddd dd 
U'*o(' d 1 " few fyfepf i 

fe 1845 fed fedSd S feddt dt Wd 1 " dfeft 
d ^dtd >Kfed d fed S ‘§fe rsfir]' df WWl' d T 
dd Hddd fe»Ti fed Hfe dt fed d fed dH S? 



fed 1 - >Hd wfef yddoT ‘flfdddd dfe feddf’ fedf d 

fe «dfe'd ‘idt fefd’ fed gudf dfe I 

fed 1850 fed fecTSd fe'QddSai ?ddd’ d T 
fePddddfePJTlfedHdltll* fedfeddferdfe^d* - 
Hdfw Uodfed ddfar ddfer I fedfedfeddt%dfe 
dfefed fe fedddf W fedfefe’ ?fgdflfeddfeV 
1859fedfedd T UoTH#^cfdfed r Mdfedfed T dl 
fed dd HdldtS ‘W df dfefd d 7 ^’ Hf dd fed 1 ", fed 
fed fed dfW %dd fe fed W J fedfe’ (1 859); ‘dTdd 
WdClcfewsd' (1860-61); ‘Wddddtw fefedd’ 
(1861) W^WdfefdW^dd’Jdfe-'USffeHd^^ 
fed dl >Hdd I^Td fed 1 8 70 fed Slit d ‘dt fedddt W 
Wfes>dd’ d feddd US SEff Udd fed dl Hd d 
uffed 1 " ddd fdS > Kd Sd ,dd I 

Wd dfeS d fe^d" 10 ddd fed fedStT S 
fedtd Urfd' (1852-53), ‘W dfetHd’ (1854), fe 
%dHd dfed’, fe %dd W dl Udd ; W fe tdd 
W dfefe’ Wfd yddod dl ddTd dtdl I 

dfeS d WH Hd fed?dT Zf UdSl fed f gfedfeldll 

w srfed wdd fesrsd fed nfddd sradr dl fe fed 
Wdl V 4 d?n SdT Sdl dfe Herd 1 " fed ddl Udsl d W d 
yfdfe fed WoCd 'W5S 2dS'*’ Pdd fed d" dddfWd tf 
fWdllfed?lud r ddTd 1 'dfetd 1860 fe. dfeddl 
d9d ?d dfd ddl dl I HdS dd feEfSd §d dfe ddddT 1000 
UdSdfdWdll 

foJcfS'd 5! fed 1 fe ddd dddl ffedd 1 " dll fed 7 
WW d fe HdS fddd fed S tdfeHTlddd >dd d 
cfefaf" ^feufe ddcdfeyf fdP>ddll 

9 dS, 1870 f dldd fed fed fed dl Hd d 

dlfe I 

d. y - >5fe. fe. 7 :378 ; 4)S. Md. 9 : 80 ; d. g. 

5 : 1526 

r«#ro{*Hft , > >rfVr?rf, r«r»iyy<4 : Hyo<d ds? 

yidfesr fe fed HITS dfedfe d 1- tTSd 10 dddd, 
1830 S WTddfed ddT fed WJddd fed W^dd 
fefeSHS d fed fefed 1 ' I fed d r fed 7- fed ^effe dl fed 
d# ddd dd 7 ^ fe I fed S diddddd »fedfe >Hd 

H^ffe dfe§d fens Msdl fed fefddr uoid fefe i 

fed S dd d dffefe Pdd ddd Updd dl I fed 
feoTd fed dfdd 1 " Udd ofdfe fe >Hd yddoT U^ST fed 
d 1 " HcT dl I fed ddd ddHd Ud dfe ddHPoTH' dl I fed S 
PPddl dh-Hd H^ dl dd 1 " ddS ffel H'dl Gdd fedfd 
?fel cfld 1 dll HS 1855 fed ^TUdl dd d Sdd 
dfeWS W fed ddl tddS W cldfdrT PFd d 
' fed S yfUd 1 " Wd dd Sdl ^fdW dl I 

fed S H'O C OrtlGcX dldS Hdlsdl d ^dld 
Uddd Gddd 1861 dl. fed c| fed 1 feddfl Hd old 
Iddl I fed ddis fed §■ Wfd fed 1 " d dddd fed ^d 




MolAHrt f^HEfdddjEd 



100 



eee 5F57T e feE fefewf gfefHE fofEE Et uee 7 
e suit Ffh 

sfet Eglfen 7 wefe for e 5-put §he feufe 

EfEE E 7 orEcS" fen E 7 fgMFE few E U>ft ?FW (V ee 7 
dfVi'H 7 fEPH 7 El. feF °(dc( PfclH ?f fc(H EE cS'tt feMFE 




v >ffHWt fsifc/AHA 



EES E feSo('d cTE feE 7 I cfet Egfe gft^ §■ fg^ 

E 7 M foME ES I 

MfHfesHUEHfttTfectfed'g 1 fwMt»F us? fen 
s fesr gt sfeE 7 »fuw fe§E Et UopfeE sut sfeti 
fey 1 1w bb §■ ffer fet he §mee 1890 Et. feu 
uurfeE stEfaf 7 EfefaFi fen EfrF oifed 1 -^' sztnf 

tufar m fafe s ‘wfete\ ‘we’, ‘wee ’ mb ‘#%’ 
>>Ffe feuwM 7 wits feofeu efts 7 w hse 7 s i fens 7 
cEfe-HErfE ‘tWEFT HFS HWSt’ 1943 Et. feE MoOfed 
SfeWI feFT E USE 7 ST HETfe 1894 fes ftS cEfe 

Hurftr ‘fejfeE-ufeHS’ 1925 Et. ffes iftrfes ufew 1 

•n •» ♦ 

fen E 7 ETfe’-FfErfS ‘EEEE ufeHE’ 1929 Et. fgS >HS 
HfW cFfe-HETfS ‘felwfe-ufeHS’ 1937 Et. fes 
UofOdd EfeWI 

for E tTtgS BBS fug" Uotfed b\b feFT E 
HElfEW E WEE S fSF S HUES' srfgSEt HfSW fETW 

El 

16 >fet, 1886 §■ ftHEEFIS IfeM few fe HE E 

ETEt I 

E..v - Hte\ ft. 7 : 384 ; >>ft. >ft?7. 4 : 385 ; =?. Gf. dft. 
5 : 537 

ryfoiAXcS', ftsid<5 fdtldsJid : felT HUES' HEtE 
fefEMF fefSTWSt E T HSH 30 WfSHE, 1895 t HfES 
ftfe HEFft fe¥ EfeWI feH S 1956 fes fefewWFft 
■>HS HoflHcS E 7 HdHcOd gESE ESFTHS MS MSSt WE 
cjdtVdsf cS'tt H'M 1 o(l d 1 I ofdcVdsi MB feSESt! S 



d'dHHS Et doftPloj gEE E fdo( HEdEEJ ETESt" (Cath- 
eter) Et EEE fEW Et UE¥ cfEE WEt fefet rf fEEt Et 
Sfet E few S' Efet Eft I 

fEUTH'st feu fefe»T yniE EEE E WMB for W 
Hflfet HE 1 928 fed cTWEtHf E cEWE > H T E Hs tdl H c5 -H 
hfsT HEEISE feE SltEt I feE 1947 E 1961 BB fet 
Osffe'E 1 ffeF >HE BMfU feE fet Et OtHE HlfHEEH gt 
ffeFI H77 1945 E 1961 BB fSH W tWEtw HEfew 
fegfeE W flSEtHW oftE^ E fcSQtd'dct E twfef- 
EEUE T W WW HtEE Eft I fdH Et fEE o(d6 l dd §" 
fetWHEI ferj 1 E fHWE d'dHHcS" E EEtcT W EE ^ 
UfEUcTE 7 ?EW gEfeWI fEH EEfe $ Sfdfew 
ttEEfetEEE ffeF Efe T Eft I for EEtfe ?EW ME S T 
EM'O HfE RdS Ethf EE d'ft'd 1 E T> HE , d l Sdl'fM > H r E 7- 
HoTE 1 " fit I 

23 EEEEt, 1 973 E WEfeW, cTTTEEtcTE feu fEE 
fefEPtffet H^ddlg'H EfeP>fl 

e. u— >ite. ft;, rr. 8 : 568; Sew irftfe fesuE few 
fftftw ftftWWRt : 330 

feHT (*fddl) : HE'd'EE MB BMIBB MIETEE 
fEE fEE UfettS' UEfet HfE Efet EHElft E fdctHg'ot E T 
UEE 5ft I fSH E 17 EET Mfefet ?fet E fe?EE Eft I fet feE 
7> HlEfe Mdl ofld ftE cfdrf dlOof E T EES' oftE 1 fi-t(S 1 

— O 

fW ETWEt ?TW feoT E# gET f%E W gwt >HE §E fE 
EEIHW E EES' fW feEt ETEtl fen EEJHfe’ E 7, 
EETE 1 ' E fERH 7 E feE Eg 1 IhW WEt Efe EW ftfe I feET 
W feHHEE WEt ffeF UE §E ?T HE I feE gt tHW 
IS 1 " c(d HfoPH 7 MfE fEE HEJHE §W UfEW 7 EF did) Fit 
§E W feH W HEEl E feE 7 1 EWHEU HEJHW Et EEEHF 
oTETT feH 5" EEE feEW 7 EE 5t feE ME f%E eIeW 

feMF I >HE EEIgES- f^THE Et W feE Et HEEtoffetl 

E. U.-M. f . : 560, 724 ; If. gfa. : 374 

fewmwntfe, ^dfeH 

w ^ 7 * . 

S 1 ?) : EEHcSt E feTT 5fet E JEgWoTE E 7 EcSH 30 fW, 




«d ; en ddyl^'si y'Mldd fSEP^ttM^d 




101 



1814 §■ uwufuu feu ufenf 7 ! feu Hfufe unslfdci 
fenlm-wu 7 c(doi ufHU ul i 

feu Qtuuluu uut huhs wftru u 7 imk hhu 
ul Hffe feu s Hferfw hhu! fenfUT-feu fey - 1 hs 
1867 fee - a 1 ri site d uw-hus 1 feuuu fen s feffscr 
Hffe feu ufetuu feu rrat sw u 7 uhust Hffe 
fefe . uflu-sn 7 Hffe o'.^yddi ufedd (fe^us 7 ) u 7 
sufeufeuu y<i' ftid 1 few i ttuhsI u HfetFfiuuf 7 

fed<J feul feH ul fenfUT yndc( Lieder eines Kosmo- 
politischen Nachtiwachters S HUS' ddtfel HF fefel ! 
feu s’ hums! fee' HSHutnfu HH'feul ul huus 7 uftfel 

Hffe HcfHUlnfU U ofel WiVfHi 7 U 7 HfSgUir of# 1 for 
S' ofef cVtsS Hffe HU-nfe*! Munchenr Bilderbogen 
(1879) fel fotrli 

for Ufaf 7 HfetHf 7 dtlcV ■?' U 7 HUTfe 12 fiTSF 7 
feU U of 1 f)H d UfeHf 7 I 

15 1881 S few feU feu Ul HU U Ufel I 

U. U.-nte'. fe. 7 : 453; Hfe. H# 4: 401 ; H# nfe. 9 : 

125 

f§'dld : feu sf'dd U HfHHf UBT U 7 fecT UfeHf U 

finu 7 ufel ufar uunfnf fe fsuwu 7 u Hffe fefeu- 

yUU UUTW feUHf 7 5THUU fil^ S U'U 5?ufe j#yu 

fuUU^U#tr^ufirBcTFSfol#H77 7 U#H 7 ^ : |’ 
feU 7 U# U I ofWfef Ufenf SW 3S?fSJ HUHU3U 
UfeHf feu few U# Ul ufel uunluf 7 feu ferr 
ufenr s' hihuu u s# sw fel nfew feu 7 u i 

U. y.-feu. 3T. fe - . 11 : 345 

fedltt : feu U'tlHy'S Ul feu 3 UU fe H'fddcf 
H# U fin feu feU UW Hffu Sffeu 7 foufe US’ I feu 
UTT 7 UU tfl UUW3T HWl fe UUU fits’ U I UUU" ofefef 7 

fe fen fife) d 7 ti fin uu ofefer s # ffeuw wfel feu 

UUS 7 511# U I TOTO U fed 5fel ‘fua# feu UUS 7 

uuu uu us i §¥ feeuur ffeuw utfe uuthu# s feu 
^nufuni 1 fe^'fel hsu us- uu feu hu ww umudl 
feusl Hr unyuu- u, feu uf 7 sewu nwu, auufet, 
sw feur us wfe ufef 7 rusn 1 ' f feuw nfuu feu 
hs - su 7 fetuRirscr feu# u §wu u i feu feu s^n 
ul 3US 7 ^ 5ra 7, d'BHys ul u i Hfet uen# fsHfeu 
JU TUW fedTW HWt feu US I >HHW feu feUTW U 7 HU 

U UfilW 7 U 1 # ofel tl'tld U I fen tffef 7 H 1 fedc( nrtl 

feu cr# dun# us firs 7 feu finrunu fuuw uu 
»n ust uhuts u uffe us i feuiw u uwsfeferfeu 
hw, feyld'U, ylHdtd'H, euuT 7 rfl nm 7 , sraulns 
ofel, h# un h^s, yfefe'H wfef 7 , fens rfl npu 7 , 

tHHUU - 5# HUiTHW »fU HUUHT 7 USU ffell Ul US I 
fUsTS cfefef 7 Ufel 7 dUS 7 # WTS feu fsidltt HWt feu 
?# H# 5THH ifefel HWl feU US I UtfUdd UUF HS 7 



feuusl,feH 7 5r 

feu fedltt HHU Ul HU U ufertl ?dd ncffeUT S 

?cfet HdilHl (1871 fe.H.)feU5f#UlfeuiWHHUU 

bldti ffel ofel HU UUWU US :- 

feUTW HHU U 7 W >HfsirlHU UU Umf U ; 
feras U fsw U 7 bfSHUU S 7 5fUS 5TUS fen §■ 
fsfeiw feu 7 rUU 7 U (UfHHUdt) I 

UUWU H'Hddl fsw 7 U fe ufuw 7 HnU'U UH 
Ul UTT 7 §■ ^UUTW’ feu 7 tFU 7 Hi I H T> HU feu ^U 7 cffUtT 7 
U fe ‘w’ UUUHUW 7 UU crus fen S T^dis' feu 7 feu 7 
Ul 

ifenfer 7 fe ^ 7 H'd few nw hIuhu 6 <j 1 u i 

§H bfSHU fUUTW HHU fe fen U 7 >MHWl UU U utUT 
HHU U ftfeuu U feus SU Hfew U I feH U 7 
biH# muu feur fen slur guiu »ru §fe ufe §uju- 

UUTU U I . 

feUFW ul q# HU1SS HfU ffem'dU H’d^Ul fe 
Us# UfeHU# U ul MSUU U HU fen U 7 HHU-feH 
>HScT UUUU, bfUUUUHH fe UHl HHU 7 SHU UfeH 7 
fw U fe §H uu feu sul ?UU feu I feUfeS 
HU T ulU 7 S S feU feUTW UH Ul UUS 7 ofiul U ffeH feu 
ftUTW feu ?UU HHU 7 U >HUU fuu US I 

zr. U-ftr. ffe. fe. 5 : 234; H. fe. 

Tc* d dul, terror : feuiwu u fen feufes >HU 
H r fudfe >JfWUor U 7 HSH 11 HSl, 1766 S’ WUS feu 
ufein 7 ! fen u 7 fuu 7 feu uyul ufuun snu hhuu h! 
ffeH S HUS feu UH fSoUW 7 fUU 7 fUPH 7 Fil HTU fsU 
ufuuu tfSH U 1748 #. feu fHUTWU nf 7 fUPH 7 Hi I 

fefefe S HfHHUUUH iHU #US feu feffeH 7 
uuu of# nn ofel fe snwcTu 5fe fefes hu ofte 7 ! 
fen s orfen# u u HUTfu »iu 7 nuw suuu uu 
feS 7 feu fen s feul huwu 7 ynu s 7 uuli fm ul 

biHrt ufnul fefUU HfU fefUUTT UfHf 7 UHUfe 7 ofUcl 
UUll 

feU UlUH3oT 'fewfHUfir HfU HfUUU , 1812-13 

el. feu ufefeu uhIi feu u u few fife 1 feu s 

‘feHUWfe HfU HfUHUU’ UoHfHd 3f# | HS 1828 fe 
1831 feUoTU feH S 5 fUWU 7 feu 'feHH#U HfS Ul 
Wfefe W W Hfn UUWH T UoTffeU uraufel I feu 
feH Ul HU fe ^UlHf 7 UUS 7 H?fe feul U I 

feU fUU ffel feH S ofel HUS U 7 Hof gfe fUU 7 1 
HS 1817, 1823 Hffe 1824 feu feH S 'fuffeUfetu’ 
feHf 7 HdUTfelHr fe’KU 7 UcUffeB cfdUfelHf 7 | feu UHUUT 
feHf 7 §W S' fewu* HS Hffe feu feHf 7 12H#HnfeH 
U ufes-5rw feu gu U#Hf- HS I 

HS 1833 feu feu S 'H#HfH HfU Hsf'fetlH r 
feyl finfeufeusufels uuulHf 7 feu tHfenr i w 

feu HfU hIH'h! 7 # HfeHf 5 # UUU HfUU HfeHf S 




feHddt, fferfHE 



102 



fell S' dtdfet HE 1 " fdE 1 " dt I HE 1839 fed fed dt UrE 
dt ^JTcST TTOt ddt I 

19 tfO'Sdl, 1848 E yf<5u0Hf)Hd feu Hd'sJrtdH 

feu for dt he d dfet i 

d. U.-utTT. fe. 7 :493 ; uld. Wf. 9 : 169 ; ute. uld. 
4:419 ; E f. WT. 5 : 1551 

fetdfosl, trrfwr : ydd'tslur e fed ^filf 

VUE HEdt, THHEdfdUf'Hdd 1 * UfE EVE ETHEH 21 
Eddd, 1804 Eh fed HEE feu fed fed'ftfet Cfddt 




tufHEfdHdttl 



we fedfen fed e heue Et feu urfed wth 

fedE fUE 1 " E 1 " 1813 dt. fed tfed i-FdUd (Bevis 
Marks) E Eddt HE"-UId FEW dfeur ?ETE r dt fad E 
fed EE 1817 Et. fed §d UfUE dfeuf 1 " 7J dtdfetuf 1 " 
EE dfVEHH 1 " EUf§E fed oPHGTH dfeuf | feddMt E 
UfEIEt HEdt fdfUUf gd HUE 1 " feddt UUE offal I 17 
HW Et §Hd fed EEE ^ H'foddd'' tft fed ddd E 
fed E UfTJE (EE oT§E dt feUEfet Edt Hif Ufat Ud 
fen ^t ddt fen Eft eh fed hew d u thhe 1 " udE Et 
Ht I fed 1824-26 tWE fed HEW HWtd Uffd fed 
d feud fed 1 " Ud ddl Vcj 1 dfeuf 1 " UfE fen E fed dfet 

cfdE" Et d^ fdWI UfddEE 1 " E U^HE fed E ddE 1 " 
E 1 " ufdUP" UfE UTUE UfU E foUET E EH fed Hddd 

offer i utue ftw" fenw fenddt e dgu hew fen e 

H 1 fdd'of HEd fed EE HEt cffet W ddt I fed 1826- 
27 EEET fed E 1 " ufOE 1 " EWE ‘fedtufE dT (Vivian 
Grey) UH felftE' fed gfuuf 1 " fad fed fed E UfUdt Ud 
HHUfet ^fuf feufUStUf 1 " &E Ufet feufdT UtE 7 dt fed 
cTdE fed dt Ufet UfEdE 1 " ddt I fed EE 1828 Et. 
fed 77EEH Hof ss 'Qr> UE oPdE UfdlE HH 1 " fed E 
dfUUfdfad feu UFUd" fed 1 " E W fad' dt feEfeufl 



fed 1830 fed fed E 1 " EWE ‘WT fe@o(’ fdE frTEE 1 
fed gftw I td HU^ddl Ufd" HU Uddt EH 1 " dt M'dd' E 
fed E fdEHEE, fddd UfE ddofl EET EEdt HHU 1 " dd 
Et EEdtE fed oTfet UfRd Idfenf" I 

m 1831 dfe fed d'Ertldt fed fed 1 " HE E 1 " 
EHE 1 " Ed doT dt] UfEFE ^HtdEd E EE E fedE 
UfHJE" Edt dfdd dfeufdfdE E d5" Hdt UE UfdEH" 
fed 1 " I Edt Uddt fed EWET HETE 1837 Et. fed ofE E 
SEEEfeE fe-ftdEE fiTE UOJE Etdt I d^ UfE 
oTHTTE fed fed E 1 " ufdH 1 " EHE ddt Ef 1 " >HdEE fed 1 " I 
fej" 1839 fed fed E HEE dt fed WftE fedE 1 " feEd 
?Ufd EE feUFd dEE 1 " fePH 1 " I 

dHEEfeE UdEt E EE 1 " HE E T dHE utH" E fEEEEt 
^TEHTcEtEt fed dfet HEE dtEt I HE 1814 fed HE 
diBEEfed Uddt E ftHd O'Hrt dEt UfE UtH UUE" HEdt 
dfe>E UE fEEJHt E tdfiTd fed ddt UfdE ?E fdE 1 " 
few fad ddE Ed 1 " E HUU 1 " fed EEW U Eldt I EHEW 
MW E fed HHd fedT fedlEE’ E fEHEHt dt ffedfeE 
dtEt I fed 1845 fed Ufe E WEE cftE WEE §UE 
HdfUUfd dd 1 " E dd 1 " fEE 1 " ftTd E ddE EdfE ddd dt 
EfeW H t E r dl 'EET fedTHfe 7 ETEU E life fedU 
HH'dd 1 dtE T lfeE t E>H T dH77E 1 "EEEd 1 "gEFE 1 'feE T l 
fsiHdHl Utd E fedidEtW E dt fer EE E3E fed 
HEE fed 1 " UfE fd§" dE IftH E 1846 dt. fed UidEfe 1 
EfEE 1 "! 

%jaufe^fedfeiiiE>}ErolfET 

dt HE ddE fsJHdHl d 1 dEE fed 'fedut U# E 1 " EE 1 " 
HE" feWI HE 1847-48 EEE" HKETd UfE EH7EtEd 
W fed dt dfeEt KHdE dEt I HE 1852 fed fedT 
Uddt E dd ddt UfE dHdfefdd Uddt E TIE 1 " UfdE 
UfW sSdifl E S^-fydl UfEU-dfeufoT HdoPd E 1 " UfdE 1 " 
1852 fedE fed 1858 dt. fed dIEE oftE 1 " I feddEt E 
^d fed fed'dl W d'Httd feycfcf dfewi fed 1859 
fed fed E fedE EdE E 1 " HW feE Qd oftE 1 " Ud UW 
7E dfewi Efet Wt HE 1861 dt. fed fed dfeEd 
dfeUT I 

HE 1 8 6 8 fed Eddt E ddTEtEl 5" fEWdlE Hdfe 
fedd?jt WE HEdt dfeW I HEEt dt dE 1 " fed feddE 
dWt E ft-TE ddTE ddt UfE feddHl E WUE UfdE E 1 
UfHcft.d 1 " E fdE 1 " I UfdTE W 1 dfe EdW feddEt UfE 
fedftufddt. yiHofHd'E Et UfUdt ^Ed dEEt 4dt I HE 
1873 fed dfEEddE E unfet ?WE dt dd dd E 
UfUE UfdE E UfdEfe 1 " fdE 1 " Ud feddEt E UFUEt 
IFddt E fdE E #UE dd UfdE 1 " HEEE E feiW ofd 
fdE 1 " I HE 1874 fed EHdtfed Uddt §" dE 1 " fed Edt 
tdE UUE ddt UfE feddEt Edt Ed UUE HEdt 
dfEUTI fed oTE EdW fed E Hdddt dt fdEdE 1 " E 
dt Efed 1 " Oi'feuTI fed E UfddtEEH" UfE EddE 
EdfEdT fdUdETd URd E dldtuf 1 " UdEtuf 1 " E dTd 




103 



ferrfete (fn>>r r 3t) 



3nnQ<£ fw ofWHt FTCr cftfetl ^7 1875 ^r 
UUfon DOT fen?, 1774,1878 fe £n<fet fend 
Hn^fe fet fen-unfe yn>r nnn fnn nnfet fncr nfe i 

feridfe! fefefe nwfet mfe nfen fetfefer c n§t 

3lfhr I nfen fe HW §• IFFd nj?F fen 
n#t H^Wd 1 fet I fen 1876 fnn fen fe IFFnwt 
fec<2d1m l '§’ fddHd 1 * fet Hd'd fet ^ BHf 

HH^Cfant^iHirandfey'^Ht! Hd'd'dl el - mist 
fsgr tte- cF3n ferfdttl fenr I mnfet f#dldl nfet 
fend nnn fen fe ufarn gd?r tf r-mnn nnn 
uWridfed fe »ran fet firtrf nntnd ofrfet mfe 
o'Qh >>m f^'dsir n- fed 1 " nfe>>F i 

Hc7 1878 fnn fen TOcTT) W dnnt fen 37# 
erowfel - '@173' 3cT tt'0<£ fen H.dtf fdd' I TO" 1878 
fen adf«* fet oOdidH fen fen Hndmfar nfet nr n 
nr nfefe Ad fen unt n# nnn n n fedi&'d 
unfwi 

vrmfet fe fen fe fefn rife mwn w to 
fenmm fern fenfe fen 1 fen. it ferfen tFnmm Ad 
fe fetSoi'd omtn^i 

fen fet nfet fend fe nngn imnf fe fen fe 
wn ?r ndd fnn T i msjni'feHdd >nfe feufet 
^rndfer fen »mnft-d r w unfe- nHfwn" fen mr 
nd nnn 1880 st . fen nd ndfer ns 1- fen fen fet 

U'dfel fe sf'd! d 'd. dfel I fed fe > 8 T U<i l *'^d> 

^u-rift Htrm’ Hcb-rn dd6 wfel d 1 h * 1 fet fe few 
fnfei 

19% 1801 fe Asn fen fen fet Hd n nfet i 

3. U.->ftn. fe. VF. 4 : 127; >»fe. Wf. 8 : 182 

foJiHfelcS (fwffet) ; fen nnn u>rfdd fen 
fen fern, nor, nfenrnt tf yn# nfe nn fen# fnufend 
fnn fete fefenfetnnHnTHdr fed unn nfefe nni 
fenfefe w fwntnnn >>m unfen fen nfanfet nfet 
n fen r fe nut uvnfen ?fet vrten t# nnn’" n nsm 
ffet nnfenr nw fen fenn nfefe w nt^i 
fen nfe # um wdid cs 1 m> fem nn?r wyl 

fWi'dlofdrt nt Udd Hddd 1 ni 

nn fenfeMuni n w fen nnt3n fenfefe 
ffenn nn?n >xndn n ww n w >nfent nwn fen 
niSoij fenfetfe n - fwste nn?n un 1 ' n i fen mf 
AAlnT mrafe nfe ocy feon nnn nn ffet nn nun 
yFn^w^nufed'yfe^nntfdicidl ^fenfenn 
nfe 1- m Franr ni fen 3n fennw fen nnn 
fdd'ylcS' nr ffen'dfean 3^ nffe n fn AnM hut 
fen ynM?# feol nnnfet tr r Us/'n un 1- n i nfe fen ni 

ocufeofr ?W Hd uTd« rid ?vfe tj^l fe J1 nUd 
nnng T nw AdTn nfefe fen fe oeufe>»f t nl' fdiedl 



uftfe nn fent n nnfel' n unn nfefe fefe - ?nfe n^ 1 - 
itw unde fe fen fen fen ufefe nfefe nfeT fen n^ 
court 1 «di'Q<i' unnFi fennrnT nun nfefe fe 
snnfe us'fn' nt - fe §?fe §■ fen nfefe fe yyyQfe nn 
w. fefe fet fdiddl fen fet nnnfe wnnn nofet 
umfei' rF nnfet n fefeln >H T nfenn r fe uu 1 >8#^ 

dd(V Mf fe rHddl fe H'd 1 n I fed dcj r d'ufrt'fe fe nfefe 

n^ fwnfenn nfe 1- nfe 1- n i fenfetfe w ffenfefenn 
fen'3 T Knr »fe mrafnn fefe ffe feeran nne 1- n, 
fefnwnn nfe nnfen fnnnn fen fefefefnifnnT un 
ni 

fwntnnn n Wd — uy 1 fed fenr nm nnididl 
fennfenr'nnfefen'Qfe nn fenn" fed 1 yfeunfe 
ferrfefe 77W nun nfenn fncr nfe nn i fefefetnrfnnT 
w fen ufef fen7ifeun mot ndnfet nnfen nfe 
nuw fen dnttomr $ n?m ffen 7 n fe# fn fefnn 
uffenn, nnfw Innn, fenfefe fnfe, nfein#, nmnn 
fe femm iJun nfe nfe*- in- few fenr, yfenn fe 
fenlyw npfei 

fen r)fe» fenifentnfen r fedU T n?r fyddl rfe 
unn fen fe un - fent fenitfenn nmn nfenfet 
fentun - 7F nfeT ?f m w nn, fenfefe n fwn fe 
n?m fen 1- ni Qd'dd<± nfe feufenit nnfe nr nn 
feuSdid 1 fferfi' uun fe fentud - nnf nn nnw fen ttw 
nni’feuuidid 1 fe fern nn fen fet nhw fe nnt tfe 
F 1 " nrnHnn rtdi nn i nrfen r nmn wyl ^uSdid'n 1 
Fnfnr fed'yl* fe fknrnfenn fet nnr srtfet fefet ni 
feu fwn unfen- fe ufdW 1 feuSdid 1 fe unfet i-n nnt 
fefe fe did: 1 U'd Hdd oldd 1 n I fec^ feni'd 1 of ‘do fet 
ffenn'd'n' fe nrunt fefe fet nwn fnn - f#nnf nnfet 
unn femm unw n nfe 1 " n i fVrnpn 1 " opns fet fnnm 
ntfe mfe fnuwr fe 1 rfe- nfe nrfenr- fe" nffenr tf 
udt! 1 n i fennrwffe-?r#fnr Urfenffenfe fe nr-fet 
nn fe^ fe 1 ufenfe fet nffenr rF nnn 1 - ni feenfem 
fwn fe ntn f#n ferry!* fe udw* ot ?rntnr 
tnFF nnmfe- nrffefnF nni fen ffenfeten w ^ 
feri'yl*d' TTm dF5H35- mm fetnr 7rnfnr fetn 1- Cre 1 - 
cfdri 1 n rF fecj 1 " fe nu'dlnr fe Qtf fetnr fornvr nrfe 
nnfe" fe fenr nfe unt ri'i or dl nfeffenr nn^ni 

fkni 1 dl o( d * fe d'd! ferH'ylrtd, nHd' HUUl 

fnnu'd unnn nnn 1 - Hdifod §u" f#n fe nnw n, 
nrcHtfetfmd 1 u?rfetf^OT§niMrnfe 
feufenfef fnn nn n rnfet ni nmfnnd 1 - fe w nufe nfe 
nn-n nrffen nnn nmn fenffed" nnfe nfefe nn 
ffen# ?^nmnT nnn irrrfed- nrnn nt fe i fen nn sfef 
nffen 1 " nfer nu nfe nn i fenn# ferrfefen fnwn 
sfet fefetfe ynfe n 1 " fnu 'dot fen fe nfetrr fefe Afer n, 
3 rmt fe nrw fefe" nnfunr Innn fen Afe 1 " n, ffend 1 " 
fn nrufe nru fnn fen fdrryl* F 1 " fenm n nrfe fen 




104 



fsid'yl* (frwat) 

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f hf# Ft feHvr f awl FfcM 7 , fh 7 # #f, 
fUF MF #F F W? F HFF F#t HW f#F dld'dlM 7 

fIm 7 fenvr wst tff HHfytM 7 w HoftM 7 ff i 

fWFlcMrt fcf f&ffl'WlW £ fsJ 14 1 «1 * #F UsHF 

U 7 #^ ^ UFHUF UF 7 ^ H# UF^ fHIM 7 ^ UF 7 ?^ cfHF 7 

f mf fsid'ylcS cfFF F#t hu 7 ^ 7 f For# w^wzz: 

UF 7 cfFF 7 F faH HFF #F r^H^'H FHFfdd'yl* FFF 7 
FI FMFTHt F 7 fHM'dlcfdA §H £ fecf HVFF FIF 7 F 7 
FFH 7 fd r ^ l Q'd r F fa?# F MFFF $F §F MW 
fWd'UlcS HM fFTFF FFT 7 HFF 7 FI fHIFFF FFT 7 F 
fHM'dlcfd* F HFF $H £ fer^FT F IFF F fa §H 
FW fcSHldd oft# H 1 dl d ' UFfaM 7 F 7 fadinFF 
FHc<^' FI fHM'dfad* HFF Ft #F MF^T 7 FFT 7 He**?' 
t fefHF fWd'UlA Ffa M# wfeF F#FF I 

fdM'dloldcS F FfFF HW UFF, H# 7 , HMFTFt, FBT 
W uf^F 7 , W, HHtfa, fontUF FHT M# - feF #fa 
faH FFT 77ft tF? 7 fa# 7 Mfafa 7 FI 

fHM'dlcfdrt HFF TFF 7 FH f#F HF F d'd'- F fdH F 
SWHglT fUdlcSlMF MW 7 UF 7 fWF §FU T F?7 MUt?T 
#fa F faHH FJ3T 7 ## FFfdTF FF HFF 7 F I Wf M# 
ufd'dddcSHltt d'ttd' fHM'dlFd* F HF FFF F?T, FFF 
tfTT FF^F 7 faF Ft faM'dlddcV # fw fa# #fa F 7 
fdd'dl* rt'd^d HWFHFF 7 #! 

W 7 # fddl*lMfdFT faH F#t ## fWdlFdcS - 
£ FHHHt #F # FF FFt did 1 F 7 HofF 1 I f#F (Sd 
§FWFF 7 H^FF 7 §lltFTF T MF Qdidfdld fWF 
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fHW 4ft ftlW fd^'Qi 1 MF F 7 ^ dd'Qd 1 FI 
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sraF 7 #! 

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MF FFVfFIFt $ FTFfoT FFF MFF?tt FF F 

fHM'dldd* MFtF »F§F FF frlFF H 7 # §FF3F f%F 
MFF 7 # tTF FF fFF 7 fW MHFtoTF FFTFfcFT HFFdFF 
HFMF frTF Hi? FF 7 FMUi'fedf tH'd' FI 

'd ‘d'd <ddF d'i . ^ 'rt fcSdH'ci FFT FHt 
fHM'dlofd* tt'dj dd<V FHH 7 UF 7 F I feo( ftTF 
yFfd»F £ ttdi'd'd Iff siff 7 fw fsr fyAdd'fAd 
HFoTF f%F ?FF gF 5F UFftPH 7 F FFF 7 »FfF 



fdH d^ 1 fHM'dlddF Odd ^FF ? T ft5M T F Wdl t/lM 7 
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fffIm 7 ff, feF 4f 14m ustf fIm 7 HFFF 7 ? 7 F 
F^M 7 £ HHl'fFFr F F3T 7 Ft U 7 FF'«1 F F3T ?w 
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foT #F UFF FF fecT f%F §F Ft FU F 7 # FF I 

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cfFFtM 7 FF, F fdM 1 dl c( d 6 dldU FF FF I Hy c(d d 'd 
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HF HFcf 7 f%F fWFtFFF MHf^ 7 MF UFF FFUF UF 7 F 




105 



fdc'dHcS'd.d , cf'drt fsiddH ,d'< S 



uae §fee feea few uw wftw m fee fr# e 
feG 1 alee u? 7 1 Hfearat £ few §ua aaw w ae 
feyFfeaaW tF feoT UHT fei.J I HWaW euf-eyffet e 
FPUW fiwfe ffeU 3 T dfedTO W efe>fe £ WW ae 
nwi uefe e w Iwfe Fpr-rw fe ear ee we 
Ffea aaw fe ware fee iret afe w feet e 1 fen e 
few £z #W UWW STff ferf-ewt e uae fee fe 
afe FT fefe O' I 

fewlddd" We Ffeee fefefew W gagr 

fHafe ofgfe Ifee aaW feiae fHW fcSHftld aaer fj 

fefeH feUfeat fe HffuaW §H Waier WWOerff 
fer fee few Rf offer W e fe Wjtl offee W 
Hfeerfe, ot w ijw er few fwrfee aaw Hare 
fwffe ferwaW fe HfeW efefe W OW ffejfefeT Wt 
MRH 3oT cfe o(dd£idl Ufefef 1 " 3 W ftTH aWW eatt Wdld 

we W yfe net afnfe & 1 

fesfetw er few felfftw % TOW tH” 

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fee fafeef^^ ^ fefe nweefo§fefeferfe 
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fee fwataaw offer ie Fraer ft w a-rffew £ 
feuefet e a feta wd yore feer w Fraer e 1 fen 

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add ^ 'fe'H 7 ' et H fd d h! rt d 1 ; dJH'few Hfe did 1 S 7- 

few afew, yew wrr e i fee few gee et hihtt 
C orfeH feer e fair fe yentf e iotj few §■ ye 
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fdQddn fewr fee eeeesr He ife fee uiw $ 
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ajerfen ufe 3 1 ufe fewft naae fee net e fee 
aw fee ne'e nfee weft we afet aa naet ei 
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newyaef ew ae ee wra et afe w Free § 



fde’dna afddHlrtd 1 feet feet e, fe e fee er 
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I 9 et net e ferwfaae feaawe e nrfee 
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yafew HcSW fe e 7 " cfe - ear Hiyfer>re aid i-r 
Fiae 1 #aet Fret e Ffe-erfee §eear afe§ea nrf e 
fe Hd'fed' we ^wree aaw fe wee aaw 
fewtaae e aa et ^eFrfe 3 ’ aae ee 1 

u. y.-fer. >>re. a. z. (1977} 4 : 95 

feffR-fe’H ; fee H^fewdlynl ae fe fea 
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yet-enr ue orwufe ewy ^ g- >fq- sHfer fer 
fewe ae 1 fen urnfe fe usvft eay fee fees’ eret 
fea ufeu H'dl fefeefwr UafeQdl'H r (Digitalis 
purpurea) e, ftHH e fe"aHdl»e' fe feer feer e I 

fee er yw eafeaw 45-150 k . fe. ea ffe 
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ae w ^ua fea - se eaaer uffe-wr aw er afw 
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ye 7 e 1 aw er aar taret, few fe few t >h# 
feiyr e ureaw eertr ue ae aei 

ffefeefeFr uafuQdlufr fear nee^yae eafet 
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(ya Hi'ocd e) fea en ya 1 a aw-ue uaew fee ay 
wf fee aei fe fed fen er wdefaa ee 
di^aH'fed; fefedfed ei fee fee fe eeaa £ 
urefeer w fwrfee aaer e; ufene e yarefe £ 
Gdfed aaer e 1 

rr. y.-te. ^l?r. nz. 4 : 191 ; ’ite. fe. w. 4 .- 260 

FsSddHsi^d.e, oCdrt feddH : Wffew 
e feFr AdOda'd er fm 2 ?feea, 1739 £ few 
fey afe>wi fen er yew fe arae fedd’H fe ua 
1773 fe. fee Haefet fees e fene feeae few 
jfeaaHwea fej fww 1 get fere e fe fee fea ear 
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fee fee few §ifa fee Free e ferwi hw 1765 
fee fee aarfe fee arferafew e irefe e wraFiaar 
er wfeaaaa fes»r 1 §e fe fen w fette aew yf 
feetifer 1769 fee fee wanaar FTFrue aa few 
faRwfei 

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106 



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ddcV fed Hdd d trTl Hl'dl I fen S 44 Hdfld~<V d AfO 
100 O HH" fH.dsl % d 1 ddldf | fed tHAlS 

d'Hdnyos hotIo-too 7 hos ?qt ufiro - o i for olw 
OHO HOS dO*fe feo fes 7 S' >HO Ot iffew TOO 7 fj- } 
‘Ester’ (1773), Hdfld-?0O ‘Doktor und Apothece’ 
(1786), ‘Das Rotkapphen’ (1788) tHO ‘Heronymus 
Knicker’ (1789) wfe HATS' OS I 

HS 1795 feoU^OtHOOHriHOfeH^HOO 

g^t uses o h snfe o ho foo 7 few i hoo didlyl 

Ot OiSO feOARTSt HS S Qsftcfe tfefeHStHHJS 

son s Anrst so-ofe7ft ts h fey 'yl i 

24 ATcTdHd, 1799 $ HOtHfef 7 O sfefeo feo, 

hsh ofesoo 7 fetr fen ot ho o ofet i 

O. y.-^. fe. H 7 . 3 : 580; >>T7r. »rvl. 9 : 196 

feJdd'fy'c!': HyOO OHT wfe O OtfS-UdHt 
fenldis OHlfeO %Sc('Q '<:1 O 7 HO 0 -HH T H, OTTO 7 ?^ 
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O O feH of SO O ofew § 0 " HO ofe»TO ots o toons 
UsTH feo Hfeo O I feo Hfeo feed 'fed Ofew O 70 S 
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hs feet o i ofefefe iron wt OHdfHH ?r o § good 

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osi hwo oot otw hoo fefetw sh?o ^fe 7 
feoiooH nfoo 3 s hos, feo aoh otoh ‘hoo fedt’ oo 
o r few‘0 7 o T di 

fen Hfed Ot sfo infers §■ S 7 HO HsflSc!' 7T § 
fecT Od AftHl HHOfefet UHHH S 24 OSfet, 1701 £ 
dtft I §HS feo feH fHS 7 HS^feHT 7 MO §H O 7 70 Fort 
Poutchartrain Du- Detroit Ofew | fes § fdOd'cS dts 
HTO fedt dts S Hd<5 ^ 'S fTS-H'ddl Q d Hfed OS’ 
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dd'HlnT Hfe fesfefS too S SOOO 1760 oi". fes HiOO 



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fefes nfoo s sTtro §feo feo Hfeo os' ocde fen s 

HOTO OOO fofe r fORH T I ife HTHS 1 " fe0O T fe ufesi" 
HfeO fe SO fe, feSi" ts feo OHOfe dTO fofe fePH 1 " I 




feooioo feo Hoy Hfel'fe fenl si »rat Hofeoiy- § soo 

O’" O^H AtO IcfH ftHOfeST 

AfHdfe*' O OOT-dTS- OOHO feo HfeO feo HOO 
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fsOTfHO offe 7 fePH 1 ’ AfO 1805 fe. feo ffeofeTS ddlddl 
O 1- d'HU'Sl HfeO feSWI 5 fS, 1805 S feo Hfeo 

htot ot suo feo ho feptf" ato fen o 1- yo r_ ytT ot feo 
few I sfe Hfeo W SdOF ^'fHdldS Hfeo O ?!OH 
AfSHO ffeiPO offer few fOH feo OS' HHPO, OO tHO 
ofeor ot fe^HEF M ofetl SiJH HOOtwr wt ofe 

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1813 Ot. feo »THdlc<*i S feH ffe feo mW cCS 
fSWI fe7 1817 O HH-HOTO HHOO iJfSHO 3T0 HOH 



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feH ot UO Hotfsw O HH SOt ufefeot dfet OHt 



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fen HH fife feo SOTOOT 300 SO OHO HS I >HH0fet 
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dcf 7 fetd fed fdU'fel ttd Hdddl'd d Hrt I 

dd fedd gtr fed dt fed dfed # hub - udid* 
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©ecrfaid dfed fed fe'Hdsr tw UBfe ddfed srar 

fdd 7 >H3 $fetd»d STWJHTl dd 7 d 7 fcdldd cfd?! 
d'Bt fee) Hddl ddUdd?! 8d did] I fed wfdd fec< d'tH 
d 7 >HdB T « T ?f 7, dd Hd^jd d fdPX 7 I 

fed 1943 fed fed ?7R75t dfe W dd fadd 
?fetd dd 35 fe»fd3t d 7 3 dt dd fed 3# M3 
1 ,000 3 dd fdHdfet dddt Ud I Hddfet MfedfetM 7 , 
?W M3 feddl dd 77 ? 7 , IFdfeX 7 M3 dfed d 
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tfepfet, 1967 fed fed fed ddd ddt dd 7 ? Ud fad# 
fd dd fed ddd dd M3 ddfe dd fed dfdd d 7 FPd 1 " 
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dfe M3 ofet Utdd fdMddt dddt dd I dfed d ofet fed 
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fed 1810 fed fed dfed dt dd dd 1,650 dt I 



fed 1820 d M3 dd fed dfe Md d 1,432 d dfetl 
fedt dddd d d 7 ^ Ud ddd, did ddd fed fedffed d 
ddt ofddd TdBM# Ud-Kddfe d Hdd 77^ fed dfed 
dt dd 1850 dt. d M3 3d 21,019 d dfetl dfed dt 
HU33 7 cTdd" fed dfet feldfet fed Bd EFdd W d 
dfed BUT ifel d?! 1860 fed fed dt ?d 45,516 d 
dfet I fed 1870 fed fed dfed dt dd 79,577 dt M3 
fed feddd ddT d r 18 d 7 ^ dfed felfeM 7 dd BdT 
fWdtl 1900 dMdtd 3d fed dt dd 2,85,704 d 
dfet I 

ddd dfefer ^83” dded QtfMdl' d fedTd edd 
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fed feddd ddT d 7 dd" dd 7 dfed dd felM 7 8f3 1950 
3d fed d 7 fedt dd 7 ?! fed 7 1 

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fed dt dd #t dfet Ufd^t dd d dfet I fe?T 1970 fed 
fed dt dd 15,11,482 (1960 3 1 # d 9.5 U3td3 
dfet) dt I fed fed £ 1970 fed Hd'sfdsf Hddirfodd 
ddfeddtdW ddfe (Hdd GefA'sf 8f3 #?! dfefefef 7 ) dt 
dd^dd 41,99,931 d dfet I 

fed d 7 UdTR?! fed H8fd ddd dfdfdt d 
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d-Hfedt ddd dt dd dd dd ddd HTW Udt d I ftfet 



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108 



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a i fee ales e 1- to 1918 fe. fee wyeisw few 
at i afeefe? - as we weear aa at fs 5 et waree e 
WSeaei 

ae 1934 fee tfer iese Horns' - §azt earssf 
aj sfsw 3+ fen afest eaeie e fefew 1- saeiw 1- $ 

H'Z c<dcS , UfZ tid'd 6 1 rt Ho ( 'ft H<i '0<i e U'Hcfd rd'rt 

ate faze fe 20 zf net e ga we ea ewe aa i 

ee feaz - ge Ma ales et feswefe atet 
afet fna fee efew e feeze azafe zfet z - 3 58 .3 
sza fee fee afezt zes fezfae aae 1- zt Hare at i 
age aztw 1- ysfetwr we afetw 1- feaze 1- ezr 
feetw 1- sfetw 1- we He e zfeet afefe fere zzsez 
aafewe azae feet afet i (hsI-chO al feefesr aefe 
we >ot ise wfetzfewa, as era we as 
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afera aroa# ezefe ehr few, aze, 
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se i 47 -rafet ueeazz feefisT fee fe hs e feet 
fero si aese azae feeftsr fee fe hs e zfet 
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wO^za^ weaze w^fWQ fee a i fen - e awe fee 
fee aa ezefe feaze _ feHS feefsfer ai i-rzaaaa 



azae, feaa we fcf - aza fea T a 3 t eate-ee aaar 
e>H T a T efew 1- efew 1- ae ferfe e fee uee eee era 
west ewe aei efe era fezfee a aa azefeze 
yea few 1- efe §■ ye 1- zae eat efefez yet era afaa 1 
aza fe ze ee ystezt zes aefe are sei 

azaa aza (fee fee ez 32-aeetw 1- esefe 
feeze 1- ae fasfew 1- fa 1977 fe. fee y^ - afe 73- 
aee fezaizz year aze ewe 7 furatw 1- afew 1- sz) 
we setae aza tea fee 4 ze aaaera sz, fee 
efer Hee 1- feeze 1- ae 1 

ae 1970 e e wze fee at fee afea fee 
weaea aafew 1- e T ezr fee 1- fee 1- few fee ?ae 
fee fee ^t feefe ee t net wzfet ?ae ugfew 1- rr 
aee r ah 

fer 1 890 e wae fee efefez eeetwe efefer 
zeez - efetra e waeaz a e, 1913 st. fee fee e 
ezza fee eaetet fewet afet ftra e aeaau fety 
fd 1 si 6 ' et eeetwe afea wfhs - a afet tfa wfefet 
ufeet efete eze 1921 fe - . fee at e’gaaati ae 
1922 fee afefe yaere e efetife we yfee sfew 
fea res - afefe we efefez efete 1- feeez - zaz yea 
a few 1 ae 1 920 e weta fee afea zh 1 aza fee zt 
eefetw 1- afetw 1- ua ge efefez fer ^efe fea fea e 




109 



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^ »njs- wfte- stet i 

y h P<^h^ grj fust fro-M'd' urfet owl } xfe>v 3" 

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F ffetF ffeF feF UFfet §W FFUFFFt UfF Flfet I 
FfeF ^Pr W Ft FF FFF Ft ¥F FTfet I FF 1969 f^T 
fet" F (VdlPdcT F feF UFfet f%F ffFFF cTF ffefe 
HyfHsil IFUF' 5TFF ffet fflfet Fit UFTFFffetl 

7 fesftff" FF 33" UFfetfF FfaF F HfFF 7 U^F 
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ffe P^ttd* UF 1 

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H Pfctd FHFcft tTFFI 7 F 7 p6dH'F oTFF Fit" IFF HFFt 
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ffFFT F 7 fecT fffeH 5TFF FF" feTfP"l FF 1860 F 
ffetF F6T feF FfUF fed Ffe F feFF", FfF FF W 7 , 
F'fefid , HFF, Ffe-Uffe ffe UF H fet <5 fet few offet 
Ffet Ft I y 'tS'-Hdil feF 1 ^ F Fd fed ff" f%F =fet ffet 

<J 

fFFFT 7 F 7 5T 7 fef fedTF FF 7 fFF 7 I feF F" fefF 71 ? 7 fet 
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FF" rtdl fUff" 1 

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feFHFfeHd'fed STWfFfP" feF Ft FF" FFT fw 
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feF Ft drfeF fFF 7 1 

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FF Ffef" ^fTF 7 few FFtF FF FFFfeM 7 feF H¥ 
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feF FFfetfeF WHFfe- <ddddd F 7 FFF-HFF 
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fe^ feF FI feF Ft FFU7F 1936 Ft. feF offet Ffet 
Ft I feF Ffet 7 Hyoid d 1 id > HHdlo(' Hfd" Srtsi 1 fed 
1500 HFFoT WfeHF 7 FF I feF 1,700,000 EFlfeH 7 
Ft FVTfeFFTt cfFFt F I feF F feF FltjF F HFFIFfeFF 
FFF F §FF TTfeF-irqF feF FFF FFTFF" Iffew 7 F I 

feF yfdd fed hIoI'HF HT3" ydl'HF Ffet Hdrt 1 
Hft fF FgF 7 Ffed" 300 F fetT WfeF FfFT FF I #F 
FFF y*fedfHdl W UF’FF, dd*ldl W FFt»TF 
oTFrT felW HFFfel 7 5TFF FF I fVfetFTF 



WtfeFfFFt F 7 FHTFFF fey" feF cRTF FI #F FFF 
FTSfeFfFFt, feFFFF fefedl* ytSl^dfedl W fefeFTF 
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feFfer FF I #F FFF y*1^dfHdl #F FUF feF Ft 
FF 7 fU3" fefFF HT3" OdTHtdld FFTT, few 7 dW'O'dl’fe 
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6 'dlPdcl ' F fetlF tffeF ffeF FFF CSdlF'S U T fe>H 7 3"l 
tfej 7 FfeF 7 feF "Ft fddd'PHd SfetlF’ HfF "Ft 
PsJdd'Pyd PrtGd F 7 ’ F F FfFcT UoC'pHd UF FF I 

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WfeF ffeF FfeF FI feF Ft >HFZF feF §F FfoT 
feFUtPFfF HfOF F’feF (1930) FI 

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FFF HT FUTF 7 F I feF FFF feF Ft fefe F Ftf FfeFft, 
ffedd 1 PFF fdHdlPdQd W WF", Pddd'feF" 
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feF feTFF 7 UTF 7 F 7 fet FfeF FI fet feif fetf 
feufePH 7 F §Ft 1,000 F ?F felFTF-UTF UF I 

FfeF ffeF FFF FF yW W ^ F HFFF FF I 
F3 7 F FFW F W 2,400 UoT. (6,000 FFF) 3W 
FffeF 7 FfeF 7 F I Ffef F GfeF-ufeH ffeF 56 fe. Ft. 
Ft FFt 3 feTTfFFTFF HFFIFfeFF" UFoT W §FF WF5" 
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F I feF F ffeFF 7 fe% 6 FF fet UFoT UF I fet" Ft FF 
oTFFF FtF FFt HFFIFffeFF FfF, FTF FF Ffef" 
FFt UFt Ffef" FF 3" fefefef" FUcfFt FtU 7 feF fecT F I 

Flfet Gcirtfe o| 'Qfel ffeF ffeFF 7 feF F’H'SdldM) 
UFoT F I UT^F feffefeTF W ffefeUT FUFfetFF F3" 

u'djpy* f^f f 7 ffefer srafe few ftrufefef" Ffe" uf i 

wfet - 10,27,974 (1990) 

42° 20' §". feF. ; 83° 4' U. FF. 

F. y. — fe. ft". 5 : 620; ^F. »fe. 9 : 24 ; FF". >fe". 
6 : 229 

fetcfZd- : feF feof HTUfet Mdd F PiHH Ft ^dd 
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110 



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W# - 32,889 (1991) 

27° 24' f. fFF.; 74° 35' y. FH. 

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(Dryobalanops aromatica) 3 HHcT dyz ITU3 odd 1 
fed 7 a ffera 7 arfe asfeTM 7 , ^'dfcSH' fsa M3 hs 
3U3 5? HZ 3 SdfeM 7 feF d 1 

a. y.-^ter. fa. h 7 . 4 : 117 

feufeoT : feH FFHd'H dZ'd fed ZMdlM 7 d 7 fed 
^^fefHd3 7 lfe3M3idtdHd , 'lfe feydTSfefe 
SHfefeyd'Qd 3fe safdM 7 fed 7 fe i 

fed ayfeM 7 H33 gyydd azfetM 7 ufefer H3 
M3 3d 3d Berg - fe Mi-I'M dfe fel fe ffed fedfe IF3 
feM 7 fe HadfeM 7 fedtM 7 H3 I c<t! ofe (W fe^ldd 
dfeM 7 §fe S3 7 Hdd'dT Mfed'dl fe 33 Mrfd MHjfe 
tvidz 7 fe fea ffeH ffeMafeM 7 3 MffertM 7 dufeM 7 Oh 
333fe lffe73Ufe fe feufZd dfeHZHfe fe fdfefe 
dfe fel fo# dttfeM 7 ffe f3 |Z id 3d #fe ffed 
ffeaM 7 fe fddfZM 7 3d 7 Fit I MTfe3 feUTSfeTHUfeM 7 
3" ddfefet dTS 7 d 7 MfdM3 333 dfetf # 406 fe. 
3 541 fe.fedfedHfeHfeHfed^dTd) ITUddfedl 
OToT^fed fd 4 dlM’rfeffefeM 7 dfeM 7 dtffeM 7 U3 7 
HET3 7 3 S33 fed ffefefeM 7 dTfeM 7 H3I fe^ 
dUfeM 7 #3 fefe feMddfed d fe fed fed H3 ffe# 
3fe MdddT oTdfe dfe fe I fed feHZ fed H3 fe Idfed 
fedd dfefefefe d fe, Hg’tSdT feldffefe d Uddfef d 
fe M3 3d feHF feMoTfeMT d.fe HdTd dd H3 [ Hfe 

fedd (33 fed fedd feldt dfet M3 ?d Hfefe d 

fedfiTM*" d Uddfef" d fe fe STMTS’ 3d dfe I 

T. U.-^ld. fe. 7 :483; ^d. »f>f. 9 : 142 

few>ret (Dipnoi) : fed ufefeftd ddt fe 
STdddfefe (Sarcopterygii) fef-Hdt d 1 " fed HUd^ddl 
d I fed fed HdT fed MfefeM 1 ’ d3 1 fed $ ^ffejfefHfe 
(Dipneusta) fe crf3d 33 1 fed Uddd ^dTddfeTflM?)’ 
HfeM 1 " 3 fedTfefe M3 fet?feH3 fef d Kd fed U3d 
ufeM 1- H3 1 fd333-UTfe7ffecT M3 feddfed d Hd d 
HfefeT fed fefe fe Ud3 T 3 fe Ud §K 3 feMd fed 
Hd3 fed dfefe H3 I fed d 1- fed ?33T ffefedtfedfed 
(Dipteriformes) d fdFT feM 1 " S’ dTd 33 1 d dTd feM 1 " 
KfeM t d dVTfed fefed fedd 331 fedfefefefefe 
(Ceratodontidae) §3 fe Kife WlGfHddsfH fdRdfe 
(Neoceratodus forsteri) MdT23tM r fed fersfe d I fed 



M3 33 dfet fed 3fe Hdfe Ifedd fed Hd 3 
Hdfe d Ud dldfe fed fed3 MSSTET dd3 cfel" ddfe 1 




d3fe dfufenfead 



UdfecfH 7 (Lepidosiren paradoxa) feffe MM dice fed 
M3 UdfeddH (Protopterus) feM^ dd idfeM 1- MdatoT 



fed ffesfeMT 331 3333+ d Hd TT3 3 fed Mdfe 



Mdf §" fedt ?T3 dd rt feoT 3 dd 7- fed Hd rt fefe 
331 



3. y.-ltd. ^d. FT. T. 4 : 210 

ffeUd : fed tdfeddfed S33T fe feoTfefe 
(Cinclidae) ?3 d dd HTfed S3 ufefe dfe safew 
Md 1 Wf 7 d dl fed 3 33-fdfe (water onsel) fe 
fedd 33i fen fe uffer fenn dMM 7 fe fifersH 
fec3H (Cinculus cinculus) d i fed d3d dfe fed Ud 7 
3d 3 fed Uddfe d, ITfe fe H3d 3 fe fed 3d Hdfe 
d dfe fed d Od fdfeMfe dfe dd I 



d§feM3 feUd oT3 fed dd 3dl fe 3 fdfe Sfet 
Sd^fefedlGfefeMHdtfefeVdfe. Hodffe3H(C. 
maxicanus ) H3fe ddl fe dfe d ; dfet feM 7 d dfeM 7 
felfe MHdtdT M3 SfeM 7 d Udfet ddd 7 fed fedfeM 7 
331 



fed 33dt33 18 3. fe. wfefe, ddfe dfed 
SmIm 7 3 fid Id Ud (stub tailed) STfefe fdrflfe 33 
ffed r feM 7 dd 7 M3 T53 7 UdH UdtM 7 SddftM 7 dfeM 7 
33 1 fed fdfeM 7 fed fed3 S3t fe fed (MUM 3d 3 
fed dd3 d fUfe) fed (moss) d, dfdd SddT M'^e 
HdfefeM 7 33 ffefe fed Mdd dTt3 33 Tdfe fedd 

— u 

fed 7 fed 7 3H3 7 dd 7 d I fed M33 fed fdfe 4-7 , fdfe 
ddldWldfedl 

d. y.-nfrr. fe. H 7 . 3 : 567; ^ld. fe. 7: 482 

feufoQd 1 : fedfetSHfed 1 Hfe d 7 fed SddT d 
fdH fed Hd3 fed fed, (333 fed, Uddfe fefdM 7 
feM 7 33dfe3 400 dfetM 7 HTHTd dffetM 7 dfetM 7 33 I 
fed fed fera feMdit 33 1 

fed fed 33dfe3 8-10 fe. fe. 3H 3d 331 H3 
3 fedt ■H'fe ddddfUdH fefe (Heterojapyx soulei) dt 
ddfet 50 fe. fe. d 3fed dfe dl fed 7 feffefe feM 7 
HMd'd Mfe M3 MdfTdfe ?fe dfefe fed 3d3 fed 
M3 3d 33 I feed 7 feM 7 SdfeM 7 3fe Ufe fed fefeW 

J — u 

dfeM 7 33, Hd - (dfeM 7 (d of) MTS’ feHZH) dfeM 7 33; 
HTSfedft (dTSoffM 7 MSfed dddd fed dfefe 33 fe 
dfeM 7 fe 3fei fed fe# feratM 1 - 3 Tsarfefe Hfe- 3 
afdd 33 , fcfe ferfe fe airs' Hd afe rsorfe fed, traa 7 d 
dfe Mpfd, fen 333 fefe d 7 Mdf U3 7 Tdfe TSdld 7 1 fed 
fed HfetHddd fefdM 7 733 fHTSd 3T5d 33 I 




115 



fir. <o'dH£, 5>t 




W) 




feufofg 7 

(§•) t>Orafwt (>xf) OrTfrarat (F) HfllHHt 
U-. U -Her. W>. ff.F. 4 : 2X0 



fel[35ira T : fen 5rft FF gF, H¥Ff >nw 
VFfaf 7 Ft feor itst !h for 5" irFtM 7 £ ffentutH 
(HgH TPFt>}F FH 7 H 7 UF 7 gF Hfg) fed 7 IFF 7 F I fe ^ 7 
F 7 Hdld XHHoF feof feld flTfFITFF r <T fcfS 7 f«W gfHXf 7 
HF 7 ft £ fHUFHHFHtF offFF FH I uftjF F F 7 fHH 
^ 5 ^ ^ g 7 ^ utoT x^ ^ 55H 7 F FF U5 

ItHd ) 1 Ft Hd'fed' cdF fed XFSt ddt! drt I Hdld fed 

HF 7 ft fan ftF feoT HH 7 t£\W SFlFF, HHTOF, MF 
H3 7 gFfef 7 FFFfef 7 F 7 HF 7 FI H^IfF (§FH7F 
rTO 7 ^ 7 ) HFHH UF FH >HF fedT *3c<'«Twdl'>fK 
(Gnathoehilarium) FFF 7 57J gF 7 ft I Hdd 1 6 tHd H-l'Oct 
H fed U'dfl FFUF" FFF 5 FTF g'dl HS 7 HF d<S I 

XFHH-HFt (fegfe GcSIh^XFFF tFHf F) fe°T 
fittit HHt F FFeTF Ft FFt ft 1 FTF 7 WtHH FH Git 
fffFF FF 7 F >HF F Hg 7 HF F HW FF FTF 7 gFg 7 
FFjf FfexJF FF 7 ft I IFF FFTfef 7 feorfHH TPF-TFTfFf 7 
F 1 #' fe»F tFF 7 ft fFF^fi- £ nfrqrg- 3 - Hfe 
HfedlHF 7 d'dl H'dd y^tdldf 7 dcS I 

Fg” fFFT gtr-gH FF FH x>1F fHHHH xxfHFHt 
gF 7 F I W 9 < l <i xrfFW 7 HF feldtd FXXFF d'dl dlSUF fgF 



xxf 7 tFF F?T I FTFFF IFF# 1 FH Ffef 7 SH 7 fw HgdfHH 
ft of FF FF FHI fey fed H'dildUfetH (Cyphopods) 
M7F fFHFFoF fw xtf 7 tFF FHI GcSlHofefW 
felFtferg ' 7 ffeg FTHFg fee? fHH HFt FH FfH HF 



FTUFHFFF 7 H ffF-fefFT 7 
FFt' HWte ofFF 7 FI 
wfextf 7 Ft foTF3t MH 
WeTF' f%F HgH ftHH 7 
fMWFt F XMF feF feoT feoT 
oTFoT iF feo(6 fFF tFF 
FF I XF$t HF feqt d'ttd' 
fw RXtfF 7 F MF fWTT 
drtl F75t FF 7 F I FF FTF 
f%F HFfF F ife 7 xxfF 75F 7 
# PdlF'dl fw W FF 7 
FfFF 7 F XFF feoPTT VF 7 
FF §- IFW tF felT F gt 
W HH 7 BFTFF 7 F I fFFff U 




7 Ft FFF fw HFttF 



F gxXF FIFFt Ft HFF Ft fetF^H 7 HF F tFFt F I 



g’dFlIolFA-xxFK HF F feH HFt f 11 gFFT 7 >HH 
OTt 111 H W ^F 7 fw #fex>F fFPJF F I feiy' Ffef 7 
F5FIHFT 25,000 iFF^F FF UF W Hef 8000 F 
tFHfeFFrFt fWFF fHFF 7 FI gFFffoIFTT F 7 xiFW 
HXf HF H FfHXfS' Ft FFHF F I 

F. U.-HoT. WT. F. ?. 4 : 209 



fe - , ?W, jy)" ; xxFgfocT Fst^ fefF 
F HFF FV F fSH FFt F 7 F?tH 26 >H3THF, 
1873 £ TO HHF fw FfexF 7 1 felT H 1896 Ft. fw 
FF HFtFsi' fefFPFHdr HfF H FIFgFFfH offnt >HH 
1899 Ft. f%F iff. x>fF. Ht. Ft fHFlFt 3TO oftHf I felT 
HF^Wg^FtfFHHd^HF^ITMwnFFHSTF 
fFHt fFFT £ §TT HK grlFFFIT fop TFF 7 Ht I fFH H fe 
d 7 dHF F'tFFFFT FFtFFF ^4?7t Ft HFFfTF sftHt FFH 
5F TFF 7 TRMF Ft fFF ^XJ?ft FFF3IFtlfF)TFcT^ 
5FF FFtG - HFFF F FjfFF efFF FFt gW FHF FF'§F 
fw f5FF fFH I HH 1906 fw fenj fFF HFF FHF 
y'F'GF fWH.dKd 1 XFVH FFt I FFt FFt fFTf 7 fcfg 7 
Ft gFH FHF FHFFF 7 , F?ft gFFF FHF 7 (WftgfSF 7 ) 
xxfH FgtG HFFT 7 F HFoT CTHF 7 gF FF f5FT XTFt I uftjF 
HTPF FF FFV7 3gtG‘ HW Ft FF HfFgH FF §FFH 
FF fefgPxFTftyf 7 F C1F1FH IFF WHfa-lH feoT ggHF 7 
H^^ldft FHF FF fFPF 7 HTH fFH F 7 §HWH 0>TH H 
FF FFT fUFf 7 1 

HH 1910 fw fe l^FHF H WTfefF F FFfexH 7 
Cdl'Gs Ft WIT) F 7 XjTFFcf cfe 7 1 fen 5TOH fFHH 
FFtG' XOTW F 7 HFt HfexiT iW f5FT flwi >HW 
»fH FT# Wtit feFH 7 F feeFH fw gt fFHF 7 cT# 
FFIFFT F~ 1 FFt HHF'g' WW fFH £ HHF 7 HF 




116 



fsf y Ts? cS , fro 

OTTTHfeTOT 7 fOIOT 7 ! feo OOfe - MW - OTt OT W 

IRTO’^lfeFI 

*\ 

gr. y.-’Tlo. fe. 7 : 140 t 

ferafes, y'dWH t feH OTdldtH (VdoloCd, 
OTtVoCd OTfe AdlfeoPd OT 7 OT77H (HdlttsJ fe^d, H'QmJd* 

fed-ofeOT 7 ! 4 hot, 1745 §■ feir §■ mrfeHvn - 1>Hrfe>>r- 1 

OTHOTO HOT' fodtOT 7 OTOTOTlOT 7 c(fe^'<S' OTH ^irfOOT 7 
OTOT77 18 ^ OTOTf OT OTH feOT feo HOflHOT'O ^ HOOT 
yfefa OfeOT 7 ! 15 HOTS' OTt §HO feOT feOT 77 OTOT77 fetf 
fecT TOTtOT-ljoTW 3OT 5TH offer OTH 1762 Ht. feO 

fen ot otojot 7 hM ofeOT Hf sife 7 1 far £ sret t^Zot 
fw wototI- # srfet 1 

fsSyfoJrt fecT Tfe-fOTfdOT? Hdlfec<‘d Hf OTH feOT 
OT c?5TdlH7 100 OTOfft foCdOT' OTH 1400 OT ttdlsfdl dffe 
feH I dcfdly* 50 TOOT HOT feo Ass<5 OTt HdH 77^ 
OTdcT, Hdildof'd OTH fedH'd 1 OTOT ijfeOT 7 fdd 1 I HOT 
ffTWOT 7 feOT feOT OT Hflfet Tfe-OTfe?7t ‘0tH?7OT OTfefe’ 
(1803)y°T r fOTH'cffetl 

‘H& Ofet HOT OT’ , ‘dOTO HOT’ OTH ‘j §OTOT0OT 
IFOT’ feOT OT OTH UfiTH dffe 0771 ‘fet HHdsftH 

OTOotor’ (1764), ‘OTt otothhot’ (1774) w‘?f OTtsrar’ 
(1775) dfeOT fen OT §dOOTH ‘OTt OTHOT ^OTO’ (1793) H 
‘077 7 faffed (1796) ef (TOTOT 0771 fZH 3 1 feOT 7 ? 7 
fenfsTOT OT 5 frTOTOT 7 feOT ‘fOOTHOf OT 7 ? OTt OTHtT’ (1800) 
?tfOTdti 

25 OTOTfet, 1814 OT ROOT fe? fOT ^ HH O Ofet I 
<T. U.-’JOT. »fe. 9 : 76 ; ’jfe.fH. H 7 . 3 : 528 

fctefsJOT, z^m zd^rwK : feoTOTir ot fen 

UHOTOT OTOfcTO OT r OT77OT 1776 Hf. feOT OTOTOTOT fed 
OTfeOT 7 I feo fTlf HOltOTOTOT, OTOTOTTOT OTH OTdcT OTOTOTOT 

fernfeo ot 1- onto 7 of i ter otot toot ot 7 ot nt fe 

ftfOT T OTt HOT ft tTOT OTOT77 feo feOTOTfe OTOT 7 fOTWlft 
fOT OT HfOTOTfOOT fed fefOTOT 7 yOTHOffetl 

feo OTOfet UfOOTt 0OT77 7 ‘feOcfecTHOT f OTt 70577 
OT 7 ? 3OT0 OTO OTfe^HHOT OTOtHTTOT OT 7 ? OTt df)o< >HOT 
OTfeT OTOT T ^OTcfOT , (1802) oPHOT l{fOTOT ?t fOTPVF I fHOT 
ddcS 1 OT OTOTOT HUHOT OT 1- ftlWOT HfTJS' ?OT fi?OT ftw OTt 
>Ht §OT OT fHOT £ OTOTOTOTU f^H Uf^feor WdH^clt OTt 
UOTOToT OTOTf HOTBOT W OTU fOTOT r OTtl feFT OT HOOT 
fH0?7OT TTW feO 5H cffOT r >HOT ‘fHHWt^HcT HOTHfOWOT 1 ^ 
(1885) fOTW offetl fHOT UOTOTcT OT fHOT OT OTHoTHt 
feOT^W §OT HOOT IJOT 1 ^ ITfeHT OTt I 

HOT 1824 feOT JOTOOT OTUHO OT fHOT OT OTOTOT OT 
HOftT HOTHtWTOTHOT HOTW OT 1- ITOTOt fegoTOT ofO 
fOTOTT Ht feOT HfOOT OT fHO TTtHO, 1847 OTcf feFI 
feHfeOT OT UOTOToT >HOT 5?OT feHOT - OTt 9lT feOT HOOT OTO 
OTO 1 # HOT HOOT cffe T I 



feHfeOT OTt yHHOT THH«lQdl'.dlo(M, MOtgWOt>H; 
W fUOTddOTfeft p- feOT OOfe HfOT OTOHTTt' (1821) s 
fHOT HJ'6 yOTOTOT HOTt OTHt O I 

18 OT¥HO, 1 847 f KOTOT feOT fHOT OTt HOT OOTH 

O. y.->>tOT. fV. 7 :374 ; mvf. 9 : 76 ; 

4 : 381 

feted : HfOTPOT OT 7 " feOT OTfeHOT O fiH0OT r HOTfey 
fe^ OT feOT graOOT T O >HOT OTOfOOT 160 fOT. H 
HOHUHH OTfe>f OT OTH'A'dd UOH ? Ofe>f ¥OT ^OTOT 7 t 
feHfOTf HfOO OT OOT 7 W OT feo HOVRfeO TT^TOT fe 

OTfer oi fengor^ Hfoo ot tt* - ot dt feHOT feno fe 

OTOT HOF I 

H. U.-f§U. 31. 11 : 341 

fs5y'dl sfe^ : feHW OTtHF UOfetHT fe 
ftSOTW'i' OT7OT feO feOT OTfenf O ftTOOT'' feHHtM 7 OTHT 
wot offetl uofef^ feo" OTt ^oot 7 ofenr w 
feOT HOTtHT OT HOT HOHUHOT OTfe»f feOT OT fWdlH' ■ 
feOT OT OTHPfeOTt OTOT 7 OT HfOTHOTOT 0'"OTOT HHH ofet f 
HHOTOT HHOTOT 7 OTOTOT fOT OT HOTOT OTt 971 HHOT ?TOt 
Hoft I OTfeHOT OT HOT OTOT H ^feH-UOHt HHOOT H iHOTOT ' 
OTt HOT OT UfOOTt H'd H'OTfel ^oft fft I 

H. y.-f$U. 3T. fe. 11 : 341 

fedoT, IM H^dtWT VrfdJT (Dirac, Pa 
Adrien Maurice) : fOT OTfeOTOTOT 7 OT OTfeOT fefdlHT 
OT 7 OT77H 9 WHOT, 1902 f HfdHfdOT feOT Ofe>3 
Ufdrt 1 fey OT HfOHfe?7 57ffeofHHt OT fHHlAt'Hfddl 
feOTOt VJFUOT offet I fOTOOT # HOT?" feo OlfeOT W OTffa> 
OTOOT 7 fOO 7 >HOT HTOTfOT feOT OTfeOT fefOTOT OT OTHO ft 
OTH OTOOT OTOT ftPH 7 1 fOT OT OTHferT cfefedfHOt OT 19 
Ht. feOT lit. >HOT. OTt. OTfetl feO 1927 Ht. fed 1 
itfefe oTOTrT fed" fOTOTOTOT O fePH 7 ’HOT Hdl3 f 
C[OH HfOT HiHOtOT 7 OTtHT UOTt^OfHOlHf 7 feOT OTH OTc 
fdd 1 I 

fe 7 1930 feOT feO OTOTOT OTt OTfeOT fepfeot 
OOT f?75OTOT OfeHT HTH 1933 Ht. feOT IfM Hd Hofefe 
FTOO UOH 7 ^ OT OTHffeH HOTfOTOTH HHUl OTH OTOOT 
OOTHOU feOT J feOT yOHOTOT 7707 HTTHfeOT OT 
fOTHOlfeHf 1939 Ht. feOT 0 7 feOT feofeot ^OT fel 
HOTOTyOTTOTOTtOT-fOPH 7 ! 

fHH OT feOTfe^OT OT 31OT 7 OT 7 HO OT Um 
HOH dt OTOOT fOTH 7 »fe §7^ feofe 7 OT WOT §fe 
yfedJOT OTt OfeWOTt Offet, OT HOTfOT feOT O 7 . Wi 
OT yOTOT 7 OOTt StOT fHO OHt I 

feOT OTOTOT 7 ffet UOTHoT ^fyOTtUTTOT OTOT OTOT 
HOTfeOTOT' OTOTOT feOT OTtOT 7 yfetr UOTHOT 7 fefe feOT 

O. U.-’?OT. fe. 7 : 483; fe. fe. cj\ 5: 246 




117 



few : for Puo(-ddl fo G-Jdl sfo pHd bl'oCd 
Gt y <il U I for g 7- fss fdl'X'cSof g 7- birttlK djWlGttrttH 
(Anethum graveolens) & bfo for brftertifat (Umbelli- 
ferae) §77 g^T ggtjg a I ufotg 773T fe77 £ aaH at 
UHU o(dt! HcS big U<i for ydU, sf 'dd bfg HMdd d'lH 
bD-fatef fog bPK gtfo i=fo5t S' I TOofH aTT bfHafor 

fog for brow £ ywyti'd yi'Gcb rrat ?aGt fogt a 1 
dd'H, sf 'dd bfo Ga Ga 7 " fog f377 Gt <Sdd 5JU, 
dd6lbFbfogg tl'PeW fey ofldl foGl a I PkH gr^TT 
bfo Gg G# fo ggfetbF fW ?aG foG ag I 

3. U.-lte. bt?T. IT. 3. 4 : 196 

fe ttdl , ffowuWH : rrangf G for fegaraa ^ 
rTTiH 19 g^W, 1833 £ fofear foG afebFI feg £ 
afefofrtaar bfo aaforg fotf fgftfbf 7 ' UAJHaftfoigg 
1866 G 1868 3 oT fel fofW fot, 1868 G 1871 G=T 
after, 1871 G 1882 HoT ^HM'O bfo foa 1882 G 
ydfo <6 fog brfqbruar fdd 1 1 

for 1905 fog for £ brygt uhhot "Das Erieb- 
nis und die Dichliing’ UarfeH ofldl I for Gt VjfHlil for 

afg araG 9at for for £ efw far fafGaar bfo 
nw-foipifa Gt ffoaibrgor un fog KAfofawg 
Gt rtrf oGl a g 7- far uar-srfGar fofarbrg Gt I for 

fGrd'd for £ bTUSt UHHcT ‘Einleitung in die 
Geisteswissenschaften , (1883) fog fobidd odd I 

ufarfo brarnga , 1911 £ for Gt hh t arat i 

3. U.— *>t<7. fo. H 7 . 3 : 548; Wf. 9: 122; nfcr. fo. if. 

5 :804 

fewHfo, (%rraw slsfdcO w : 

gangt G for QagGa nan wnddl bfo fogwg w 

tTiTK 25 bRjg, 1823 £ ^atvmaoT fog fyftt<5dl<5 
afgate fou Gfebfi jfgflgfou fofGbf- ipjg arag 
naia for £ ufog, sag bfo wnSdsi Gfop- gfyyalbr 
fog fertutbr G ggH'fofo w brfubrg affo 7 1 for 1848 
fog for dPddirt ^ug uan brfebr 7 bfo Gg ?5^ga T a 
Gt brnfet £ fogarg a faibr i Hara 1 forfo afo ?y 
y^ : G o.^Hd ofldl i foavr?) £ fegiforfo 

gTF fo fobfcrag - bfo nag^fo gf agra 1- offof nfo 
Gwg Inaw gfor atet yngar £ fefoforfo gw 
fog bics-^g affwi for 1864 fog for £ Gws - 
arfoga afar gw g 7 wf fogarg aff3 T faibr i 

for 1877 fog for afor brtgvff bag rrforg 
g 1 " hw ag - farbr i foKvrgr fetiforfo gw g 1- rrg 
fo gwfogggr Hfobf 1 " ng ?aar fUbf i fafoifbr7r ap-ra 

(1857), tetutbfTr PofdH'd (1865) b{fo fefoftbj?r 

MarnTTiJ ( 1866 ) for gtea for dgar^ U7ri fof 
yrrsrar fo for^ for £ nan aatrf huh rnatbp 
yagar^foatbri 



fgfoa 

4 grafo, 1894 £ aaffoa foa for gf ifo a 

afoi 

a. U.-bT?r. fo. 7 : 438; ^?r. nr>l. 9 : 121 

fefer : for for eg a Phh £ affor r gf arfag 
u?ri for fog gg gag uaoabgi^t gag 16 
ggfbr U77; bfo fog garg (Sii) gg 1 ' a i for# - 
aar raar fog aara arga g?rH for ara ag gar irga n 
ate a>rat fo ffor saga 11 ggvr nag £ ig otw ii 

a. U.-ft'. H. IT. 4 : 1953; K. a. 

fewfofoffoT, t) 1 G 9 dH : fargr g for ufmr 
d'idfo'dfo'A W ilTTK 14 7 T?Etfo, 1826 £ fofebTI fea 
uh gfo wgg for w w?r HHfo afebri forfo 
bragg fog arfoar gf fofgbr aarar effort i gag rnar 
gfor for gaar-fotfo eftfo g 7- gagrrar for i 

foa 1 862 fog for afor ngfo gg faibr i g?r^at, 
1867 ^ ^a^fo 1868 Gg for Ofaa fog ngfo for i 
for 1877 fog fofo gaoff gar foar arag fo foafeg 
effot bfo forfo a^ g for brgaitTWTT ofwgfog g 
ngfo-ngg fog afor ngfo ag fobr i for 1878 fog 
aafog ofonaF fog for wrarf gHTfag 1 " at i gfogfa 
aforffgrrg 1882 at. fo grbfg gg grsrg natet fo 
fo^ ga 1- arfrTftgfow fog g'o<g afobfGg gat gg- 
gg gf £ atet bfo gg aw Gar for fo# at wg gf 
d'ticsldl asa aa i fogtepfoa £ 1885 af. fog for 
ngat-ngg gf Ha T g7r r cftgf ga brggf for-?ftgf g 
bragg G rag g forg bfate’ at rra for Hddl-Hsrw 
g^ fgfoi for 1890 fog fang Hg g^org agfof ua 
for for ga g bnafaor aara g gtar for tf sra 
gfebri for arag for w a T gg f a Tag fouag ga a 
fobr bfo y^H'o £ 1892 at. fog forj aatrgg ara 
fogri for 1895 fog' for foa gg w rjtrg ggat 
gfebri fagg gaaft ttw ggfot fog ^r gf £ ffor 
fobr ua aau6'ot a^ g 1- ga gug 1- fubr bfo 1897 
fog for brugbrjg^aafarbr i gg 1902-03 fog 
for foa iprg Pfofo gfgbr bfo 1904 fog for gg 
uat a 7 ^ gnrg ara faibr i gbf urar g fofg for arag 
G 13 gg, 1905 £ fofo argg ara fgsr faTba i 

a. U.-bte\ fo. 7 : 437 

feW2G ; ijfofg for fog for gag foafte-’ fo 
'guga’ rrat ^afGw ww gt i 9 k #?r ufog, gaorat 
rafter add g 7 " Gg arag O^ 1 £ Grragt argg bfo 
gfot ofovr sat gyyd 1 gt sfo tfgt rft ffoy g 7- for ^t 
gGG^yag ag r gf i for gat fefo g Gsfoat ggt saat 
rft i for fag Hep rft for oth 7 g bpwgt, foggtbr g 
cVdiPddd 1 bfo gfaatbr g HTfoor G bffoggg bfow 
fGG fog gg i fag arag for fear arfofg ua aggar 
fGG 7- gg fapir bfo feg gt g^aG ag hGt uat i gfog 




118 



fe'&slQn , Ffe ffh 

f for # 1 Iff fret §W3 orar?7 3ra £ hf 7 

Fra f 7 §u#u ofe 7- 1 c<^dd' fff iff 3 Ph-^w FcTuf 
nra sfe uf i Mirra - yfFM 7 f sra rafe pff f 7- ff- 
fForw fera 7- ptf 7 ira - fefe f Mirra feMafetM -7 FfM 7- 
HaFTafelM 7- rawra ffet ffefeF FFtM 7 HF, feF ffet 
sfet ^rat Mfrra fengra fevfera e?fw fo^RF hf 
M 3 sfet 3 1- ranFtracr F3 7 uura sra ff hf i 

F. U.-nte. ffe 7 : 189; >)fc\ fa. H 1- . 3 : 443 

fe£?>t§F, wk Horar : for ufeu HFHufet 

fefeTMrat W FFH 1687 Ht. feF FraHHFra (Ura Usfet 
F5HFt feF) fey ufeM 7 1 ufFM 7 HU feu 3 FFf 
feHUraUcTFcT RU feu UF I feu Ft Catalogus 
Plantarum circa Gissam sponte nascentium (1718) feF 
§fe UUU UfFM 7 FtM 7 980 F^tM 7- , HUT M3 fefe FF3T 

■— ' <J 

Ut UU UfFM 7 FtM 7 200 famfe M3 §fet FtM 7- 160 
fetHH 7- F 7 facra FI Ffe F Ft ‘feFUffer HUfeoT 
FSFUtMK fetfesOFF’ Synopsis Methodica stirpium 
Britamiicarum (1690) Ft feF F HU Ftfet M3 3fet 
MFfeF feMM cftfet I feF F H3 3 ufetj FF UF, FUFfT 
fewfelfaH - Hortus Elthamensis (2 fiTOFfe 1732), 
feF feF feUMF raFT HRUM (Eltham) F UfFM 7- F 7 
feFFF M3 417 f03U (yfe) FF M3 fufefetM 7 HFFFF 
Histona Muscorum (1741) feFfeFFTFFfM 7 6003 
rrfetM^ F T fe^FF M3 fF3F FF I 

?feftMF F MUF 7 fef orafefetcf 7 fetfFcT 7 (Cri- 
tica Botanica) feF F HHUiU3 FF TF3 7 M3 feF F fe 3 
Ft feF - fFFF FF fe UFFt F 7 fe feFFtM 7 (Dillenia) 
UfUM 7 felM 7 I 

2 MUF, 1747 F MFFFF3 fey - feF Ft H3 F 

dfet I 

F. U.-n)F. fa. H 7 . 3 : 548 

■#1§5P€T, : HfeFFFHfe F feF UUHcfe 

UFUt F 7 FFH 6 FF, 1576 F FF3 7 feu UfeM 7- 1 feF 
F HfetFF F 7- fedFfet FFF feF MF^F ( 1 60 3 ) Ffe I 
FF Hfe feF feWFt FTT 7 F 1- QIfF M3 fife FTfe 7 feu 
FBH-F'HFF F 7- qSFF feF 7- ! feF feF §U1F HHFT- 
HO'dF F3r M3 UF 7- F’FfeFS'fet Ft I 

3 MF3FF, 1649 F FF^ 7 fetf feF Ft H3 F 

dfel I 

F.y.->?ra.fe. 7 : 461;>>)F.mit. 9: 132;»>lF. fe. M. 3 

: 557 

: feF' FfeFt FW F 1- HFF F M3 fFFt 
rnfeF^ Ft ^H - FtF ?fet FFfeM 7 " Ffe 7- F fFF F FFT 
fFF fepFPF Ft H3 F dfet F^l feF H3 MFFF fFF 
FtF TFF F dfet 3fe F 7 rFF F5 - F feF FlF FF F fFF 



fdcSH'o F IFF fFF 7- felM 7- Ufe, feF Ft 3T3 F I feFIFl 
F MFf FfeF feF HF feFFF - Ft M'FK 7- ?fet UHd'3 1 
^feF^iTO'd §■ F fF3t rrfet Ft I 

feF #F FFFra Ft F FFFt F M3 fePF Ft 
‘Ftfetfe’ F 7- FrafFF MFF F “UH 7 3K T £ feit F? 
FF3 1” feF fe^fe3 UfetF FF 3 FFFt M 7- dFt Ft M 7 
feF 7T3 FrafeF raFcF Ft F3t FHt Ft UF3 F«t FF 
feF FFF F 7- MFF FF3 F FsTW 'fFF Ffe F 7 3F3 : 
rPF 7- ’ FF felM 7- 1 

Ffetfe - Ffe 3^ feF Ffe FF3 7- fyfetM 
FFtM -7 H<5 I FFF Od FtF ITTF TFF - H3 FFt F% drtt 
FF 3 t Ffet FtF FFF F Ffet Ft Ffe HFF WW Ft 
ff w Frara i fe Ftrr feF fe y^t - u# 3 hff Ft 
FF F 7- Ffetfe Fra ?rat FtF 1- Ffe 7- Ft I FFF 
FFFt iFfeMF HFcF ?W FraFT 5fe F 7- FF3 f - 
fefe, frfe fer aft fera ftrara f fefepTF - iratM 1- M’fe 
Iff 7F3 hfM 3t, fff oftF 7- rre 1- fe 1 3t§#l 

FHFF feF Fra cfet FF 1- Ft ! feF MHFtF 7- F FfeF t 
fetr FF ?t ?F yfeyp I 

fe'FTW'sJ feF 1846 feF FVFU3FF fFF 

felM 7- 1 

F. U.-dte. fe. 7 : 263; 7 >tF. >?l7r. 4 : 346; rfe. >HVt. 9 

701 

srfera - : feF feyFF 1- ^fft fe attfei 

(Tabanidae) F3 M3 f^TFUF (Chrysops) UF 1 ol Ft>> 
FytM 7- F3 1 fefe HUtM+ F UF UrafFM FF FF ! fe37 
MHFtF 7- F Usfet fOF feF feF Ft feF Ffet fe 
feFF^RF (C. di scabs) feF FFFfefer utHF 

Iraferat f 3 feF f rfera ?7ra fff ff 1- f i MFFtc 

feF feF FtM 7- fe. feFSrffer M3 fe. fufettM 7 (( 
silacea) H'FIm - 7- MU F FFF HM 7- fetF (Loa loa) Ffa 
FFJor F7T I 

o. U.-’fer. fe. 7 : 167 

SfeHF3Q T ?r : feF MHFfe 7- F FUra-UFFt TFHtFT 
fe #3 srfefet f 7- fear Fftra - f f fearafea f ?rra f 

FlFM 7- 3 FfeM 7- SfeM 7- F I FfcF 'FF3 HFF fel?ft J M 
fefet F feFFra 7- F?rat FF3 Ft F3K-fFt FF cTF 
HF3F F I f 53 HFF fefet 3 feR -7 ^ 1- feu 200 F RFTsT 

ff feeurferu ufea fe ff ffera feu afet fern tfe 

FrafetM 1- FfetM 7 F77 I 

fer 1795 feF M T H 7 F FF feH feFF F 7 ?Ffe F?? 
srtMFWF (fefetoTFt gq fef F 7 ufeu FFF3) F ?Ffe 
fUM 7 1 feF feoFFT F F 7 F 3 33- fefe F 7 fecT H 

fer 1848 feF feZFfeF 3 feoCdl 'Fra Wit FfeMT 7 
HMFT fe3 FFfe t FFft FUfe fefe feu feu HF'fe> 
felM 7 1 FF 1929 fed feF §" feFF F 3F 3 feFlfe 
Ft3 7 feTM 7- l 




119 



fet fHHldlcY ysfedfedl W StMSSSB BUS M3 
U?fet Ids’ arfeQI## 3TB3 U7TI HfefS S SB SSS 3 

Bdissr 15 % fes fes w, ys-ftss? M3 ts'ofl s 
SBMf U7TI fes W Sffe #B3 73Ht ftfe fear iFS 
fsBssut w sss ui fes fes ssst sss smw 

SyfU3 oftaT HSB MHStaTS SfeS W SBS fW ffassn- 
S I feH S’ TSTStcT ut drtdl £d^ Mt-I ! fey UTS S I felH S 
feBS 7 fet US St dfet fetfarfear feHW M3 
MSrfes MS U7T I fet fecT USfet MIS’ St U I 

nrwl-90,660 (1980) 

42° 18' §\ fes.; 83° 10' U. BS. 

S. y.-^tH’. fe. W. 3 : 940; MS. Wf. 8 : 563 

sffoFH W ?vttT Sf'ddHH^ : feu- ussst 

SSt S 1 " feoT HSUS Udddl'Bl OTTO st fas # #V 
MFS SIS’ US M3 eSSS 3cT S SHSSt 3S3 St yS cffet I 
for S'’ 33H 1450 Ht. fes UfeWI fes # S¥St 
M.ddlcC S #B3 SSS S3S fes ofet SHSSt M'dd'S' 
oftsfrTI SB 1487 fes JFSW SB S3 # fes # 
strst MSdtar S HHSdt 3# St M3 TO S SHSSt 
3S3 St OS HfUH BHt fear SOS# HI? S 7 Wt HST # 
tfaw I fes W^T fes ‘far-arys’ ( 22 ° s.) uyss s 

SMIS fes # 33 S3 f33 r M3 Utsfe SHS SB SS 33 
few M3 fes yd# 3 Gfe# fssw sb few 1 fes 
si^MSH'Bfesutfes# syHFsyfe oustycrair 
ors BHt M3 cfa nFS sfe UU S 370 fa. Ht. USH SB 
HTO yfat 3 fes # BSTS SS few I W H 1 # H7S1F 
S fertocd ofy SS oTHcT fed ## ?S S 1 " HfoW I fe# 

?njs Hrf# fes s s y? syst fnt s sfes 

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Hs<c5 1 fes 3 1 H^HS fed feH S SU Hf T 5' 373" UU 

#■ ys oftst 1 d'ddWHt^ sys-PfeH S tHfs, 1% stu 
HfS HTSF SHS OS 1 " ufHHF SHW 1488 fcs feSHS 
USfSHTI fes 3^" fes ^ 16 HUtfoyr fes 2250 fe - . 
Ht. St >Hddt6(* 3H HHS# CT T 3d r 3>H srtst S 

fsuts Bar sst ?i^t nt >hs st hhs# HHsr 
srfwi fes 3 1 H°HS fes # Hosts’ # S T 3S r sftstl 
fes ?SJH HF## us S^S fes wtfefS SUSU 

SHS S fUTHF I feH UW fes ut 1506 st. f%S fes W 
SOFS U fUR>T I 

y. y.-^s. wr. 9 : 68; fy. fs. f . 5 : 249; ^?T. fe. H r . 
4 : 69 - 

si^FfJ, wfedt^ : Hofrftt s feH yfiro 

UTHSSUSt Sr SSH 15 H3HH, 1830 $ HofStt feS 
^SS fey ufHHF" I feH# Tfefe HcOtfe Sr fHUSSIFU 
Wt HffeH r Sfer U1 fess HSUS' HST §" HSSlSfet 
HS^HHT HfS BdTsTUT f3S SUlSHS SS iSH# HFUS 
sys ufeu US UfayF - 1 fes S 1- HST-arB ufUHT 1876- 
1880 sar MS fed 1884-1911 3S feUF’l 



#Hrs, yufual^ 



fer s 1- s?th fey ysst yra^ fes uIshf i fes 




y'dPodlG #HFS 

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artsti fe? 1846 fes ss" >HH#ar Hus’ sut fe^t w 
fSU" S3 fes SdSt U" fUPH T I HUTS fSHS 1854 #.fes 

3TOU #3? Hf?S S fedU HSF^S fes S 

y^ HfdMdi tssn fes# nam1>rwt>H3' §• yewd 

HS'Gs B# UU'hM UHB T ‘-rcF’ S T # HcTW #3T| 
fes S fes# Sa*’» SST fss 1- fepyi SB - 1858 fes 
fes# S^'d'S S' d'HddU3t SS"'0s fes ^t U# HSS 
cffetl 

ss 1 ss fes s*3t arfes u ufet 3+ fes # Hfust 
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S HIS3SS U few I fes BSt fes# S^SST StW 
HfUfatW S ZT feS fssr SS 73 fafal HtUTB' SS? 

# S3 3 ynis stws # ssnuust sfesfafs 
bus feus fear wras >hsbs hj after wt fes anss 
1876 #. fesfess’ss ^ ? His#ar fais 1- few i 
g" HSt# H31S fes# ^SJS W # HcToT st BSfet fes 
suarfet ifa # US' fssr M3 HS# 1877 fes fes # 
SSHUUSt SfeW few I 

fes# HFU# SS # HSS3 US'Qi B# afet 
d'H#l 3 c( ms M sfeof sss aft#! sferauftw# fes# 
H’faarfeM 1 ’ ua Myfa" # suft 3^ syfew i fes# us 
fes safet HSFS3 # HS fafa M3 fst §3H'd 73B 
Mnj# ss sr ssr-ifes aBTfeMr i SH7T tsfear sss 
SB st fes§- ys r HfeMdl UOJ3 UfeM 1- ! USB fes 
# SF US 3# MSSSt ITUS’ tfet I Sfet SB SfyM T S 7 
fear ffeufet fesr S far fe#tM7S B st, # fBHF ?3 

feTBWI 

SS ^MST y <93 feSM^feWStfs SBifesfa 
st Hsass ups fes sb sut st us fes# Mnfer feM^ 



sfrr nfeyT 



120 



fSHrtdd tft Ht!t! cVtt fen nt fed 1^1 ddl d'ttd S 
HsTSd fret S' US' ttdl'Qd fret QdH'fdd 

cft^w fen ?ns ny'Aoi nunn yfer Gnfenr s nnn 
cSojh 1 cS ynferyp'i fen nnnt ynt w fra ^t 
Hratw S nfew ypn nn Oh 1- , <7n §■ yntyntyn n nn 
fenntnfefepnins 1910 nsr yyafyn nsn srfet 

cV tHo( 9 " dldl I HtH^d' S UR" HIS fefid < 6 di ItHH cCdcS 
nnnw >kt>| g^- f5^f|»fr | fanw et^'dfyo; n^ra # 
nra ynre n nfet i 

Hcoh 1<3 fen ydi'-d^ nsfer gf refer yfer fen 

n nsngV ^fepu S 25 Hnt, 1911 S^Uddfe' nfnfe T l 

fens nn feorw fe it ufen fen nrr fen 7 fer»r i ns 
i9ii fen ypunt its 3or fen Gn nt fnn r i 

U\ y.-nte-. 1^;. H 1 ". 4 : 70; ’te’.wt. 9 : 71 

^fe>>r : fen fen nfet nt fan nt an n 
ss nann n yfena fn fen wns mG" n 
ure^TnSytTcrt^yftifen^fefed'H fennyrr- 
nnwfeit yfynnndHdfen' n nt fHfeyr n i fen n 

•s 

ys ny nnt irfet nrs snt nnt tf nfat i feniw s 
fen S ofet wreT »nreT s 1- fern ns w nfet fey fey 
nfet-fefefeyr n anren nfw n i 

fenntrnnfenHS'fe Q^vife yfGnnn'-rd^'n 
n 1 fey im r frem - 1 fe fen nfet w nan iffe nt 
GureG Horst ss n i fen s 1- nss r Gsny Hfet f nn 
fas fas sn HS'feyr fan nt i 

y. y.->>te.fe. 7 : ns 

Gr HrtiH', d^ 1 * : nts n fen yfntr 
nfenfet yfat w nsn s. 1470 nt. fen undid 1 fey 
nfeyn 1 ns 1 506 fen fen w ?s s ns ifent 

Hitnfet res nr im fn^s fret ifeifes ?r n - fes nust 
nSrat unt s^ nfnn 3 feTnr - 1 wjs fen nnnnt nsn 
dd's fen srent yornfe 1 ’ n - s<z Qfe ^t ifen" n fen n 
6'tt nt nys fen nfemr nor orfenfers nnnn nt 9rr 
srtnt 1 fes 1508 fen fen 40° nyst few n unn 
d 1 y yfn dIG s nsn nt yfet nt tm ntnt 1 ns 1515 
fen fen unnt nsfer nt nn nas n nnn. fen fns 
nynnt nnsn nt^idi^'yl otdti 1 nfeyr nds n nnnnt 
nnn sras fret nfcW" 1 fen H.dd nns fen s ufra 1- nt 
ynnfeti 

ns 1516 n nyndt nsn nns nt fen s fratwn 
sH T nfns i 'i 

y. y.-^tn. >n>r. 25 : 241 

differ #5T orwt# yj^ T ST : nits n fen 
feyfet >nn ferdd'HoOd n 7 nsn nits fen Prats 1 " ns 
§tt fey 1469 nt. fen nfe»ri is ns nt §ny fen 



fen fen yn nren fen nns n fernri yfy^t fey 
nsyrnfen feQn fewins 1517-1518 fen fen 
s gnns nt 9 n nnyt n nrenfe - ntnfer 1 ni 1518 
n wfe fen fens nnss 'cranfe ?ns fesn Hofetn 
^fttnirysEffetins 1541 fen fed di^'dnwnfn 
fepn 1 yds '»' sfera nt nng 9 t fen nt fefennr ntrit 

ynsn Historia verdodera de la conquista de la Nueva 
Espana) (nts nt fen W W fefdd'M) ffWS S^ 
9 nt 1 fen ynnn fens 1568 nt. fen feyt mfenn 
ysras leszgt.fenufeyrifen^nyinfenynnn 
w nnt 3 n iw fen nis^n wt ntsn fernr 1 nfen 
1548 nt. fen nr^nHw fetfenn fern n fepn 1 

y. y.-^ln. Wl. 9 : 72; ^t77. fe. ^T. 4 : 71 

- 3 \ . WT. g. (^ T ol Hld'blQrcSQolrtirboj 
^Phss) : fen fensyfe (Viruses) s efe n fecfe fen 
nfetnfefnstfecr >?fen (rna) nn- n nfet n nn 
ntfe - fen nsfsn nns 1- ygnOd ny n 1 
nfeifeHld'ylyrsGc^filfeof yrfes (^t >?is. n) w Hnn - 
nnr ns n foG^sbnn fen fimn n fen sm n §y 
fen nn 1 ' li fen n fefsv fen 9 ^t nsn fen 
nyfeorfetyr, ysnfes 1- yin 9 n nfetnysnnt ns- 
3 W fen ?t fesn 7- n 1 




3t.yfs.$t.ntnsnnn T 

■d'dHS-dfdoi (Watson-Crick) n^S I 

nsnn >n# nn-^t. yts. n. n yfs ytfn nn 
nnsn nn ns fens sfeHfeHld'ylyfeOyfilfen'nfe 




121 



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3 fufd# 3 fwnfete w srtMfepfldfefyd 3\ v 

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fed #?fesFHs!d d 7 ??) dfef 3) t&t 3).M?7 3 3 T7dlsldl 

e# 3 ) MfM 7 fee- fed feel- o) 03 ) fi fen # d). 

M3 fedffVfefc dd 7 # 333)d oTWf 03) 3 1 

E03 d). M77. S'. M^ gddt ?5d) d# U3 33 fTHT 
fed 3). m?7. 3 . 31m 7 3 tt^Im 7 mhjh fee - fed 33 
3M# foUEtM 7 OEtM 7 OtflM 7 077 M3 fed 33 rt^lM T 
fed §3 3 #753 W MHH#3 dTTdfM 7 0771 fed fed 
Hf 7 # H3 Fid 337577)- (helix) dS##^ 33 fad 
fed dd fed 33 #3 fed df 7 fed 33 077 fed df 7 
fed fed #d 3TF fed 7 fefdM 7 Od I 3T TTdfdF Mdld 
fe3 333 IFF 5M3F U'sTSJTK W 7735" ddtM 7 
OdfM 7 377 Puds UFd (Complementary) dd 7 3 
fedopd 333 U77 1 Udo( tt >d 1 3 33 feiH Uo( 'd 333 077 
ftfe M sfl I* cS - fcl 1 H)77 M3 FJM'frtcS-H'dldfHA sf'<^ 
fed 7 fe3 Odd 7 fed fUfF# (Md)fc?7 3+ FPtFfTTiT) 
M3 fed fU3)1dd)?7 (HdldfecS 3+ Efe)dl77) 03) ^ i 
fOT df 7 3 Ud 3d 7T 7 ddd d). M77. 3. # 3333 ?7E) 
d) H7T3?U3?7 ^ 377 HOT fed 3 £ dd 7 3377)3377 
(yfdfyTdl 33))“) M3 ErifeUdd (fau)M333) 3) 
d'dAUldd 7 ?7E) d) H33?3H?7 3?7 ! 3t. M77. 3. fM^ 
33 r 3 33 ^Tif) HBTT 1 " J fU^3)77 M3 fU3tfH3te" IFF’’ 
3) 3F3)3 M^FF ^3 7ft 3133 FFF fe3M^M t M3F 
§'753 T feM r TTfe 1- 31 3F fU3Ft 3t. M77. 3. M3 3) M 1- 
fe3§77 M fe3feF 3 SFlftw 33 733^ 33 f33 
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sl'dl 33)77 M3 Qdl* foffdM 7 " 3h>F ©37F 3 33 fed 
feMo!3 33 1 - 3 3 fe3 3 33^” fe3 33 1 " 3 1 3fePR'33 T 
fe3 3). M77. 3. 3) <; : H fe( 3377 SM'F 1 ' 

d'dlSrTiQciwlfeof Mf33 (M'F. M3. 3.) 333 r 3 M3 
33 W fe3 fe3 M^. M77. 3. (RNA) 3 33773 33 
fe3 33)77 3) fed rid 1 33) 31 33l77 773) fed 33 
MH'dfe dtH'd 3). M77. E. fedrt H^Ud fdd K 'd 1 3 
HK3 3 333 r 3 frTJT £ M^. M77. E. 3 f377 3^ 3 
HH3 3M T 3 r ddff'feM 1 - W3T 3 1 3). M77. E. fedTT) §¥ 
H37F fH3 33 3 ’<'Hf$! 3H77 3Fff M^. M3. E. (RNA) 
fed feMoT3 3 TFTTt 3 1 Qd'ddd' d l d)9HH77 M^. 
M77. E. M3 <fe.^d M3. M77. E. I 

tUttlofHA— 3). 3(77. E. 3) 333) g3753 T 3 3333 



sr).^.g-.(^'o?H)d'«)yrA§o(rtl fEoT3)fH3) 

3 fed 3H fe3 U3 1 " 7731 dfer 3 fe ?7d77 3+ 333# 
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33d 33 377 M3 fed MsPlfec 1 ) dfehfeF d'rt i-ls 1 
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d^t 33 3 y3d TT^F fed ^3 # 33^ 3#)^ 

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33 ■H'dldF 377 1 fed dcj 1 feddl 77 dl fed MsjI fert 3 
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# rise's* 1 TT 7 H'dd 3) 33) 3 fF fetT dfe 77d fd 10 
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3#) O' U% 3 fe3 333)77) 7T 7 3+ M#3 ^Ef 

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E3#3 3\ fdfFM 7 fed #3# Tld'yld H33 c?33 377 
§# § dH3 fd fed d). M77. E lifefeTdfed (Poly- 
merases) 7F E375d M 7 # 377 1 fe# f> riddldlM 7 M3" 
d3 33 dTT 7 3 # cfld 1 tF 3# 3 1 UFd- 7777) fed 

3). M3. E. # TTdd U3 7 d377 fed dfe) fdd3 M#3) 
3 fd#fd fed d73 3 M33 ddJF# 3 1 U3 fed d) dE) 
Mfefd 33)d dd 7F ^fd 377 ftl# Ffe) MffFF ferd 3" 
ddd 7 l)l fed dfe) djS77€'d feW 7 3 ftTd fed d). 
M77. E. FdTTd 7 3 feTT 7 ? 7 dE) Udd 3^W Odfe 7 3\ 
Sd Ud) 3" I feTT 7 dMd 7 fedfed) 77d) d# FtTTcFF 3). 




3). ^>(77. §-. fed %U«1 i3h 7> fdfFM 7 : 

A- C- dfefefed, G- FpJFfed, T- dEtdld 







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HR. F. F 7 " RyR 7 " FFFt RFt RPR Ft. HR. F. HR fRF 
RFFtF sftR 7 " W W FI ffelF fFH HH Ft. HR. F. 
FFRoT 3t. HR. F. ^ RFt R 3RR fecf fFH 1 " fRF Ft 
RFQf FR HR HfFF 7 " RHP" fe^oTf5t§F T Fte + F 
RHFRH FH 1 " FR RH5" FH 1 " F I feF FtSQ^'ftlGH'Fld 5 1 
<'fefe'H".sfe' fRF fcSdHH RFt F HR R 
^feHtd'Sfed F 3 1 FfetfcfHR £ Kora' cHF FR I 
FFtfetst. HR. F. HFRH Hfet RFt Hf FFt 5H HFR 1 " 
H3T" UfFR 7 " HFF 3t. HR. F. H 7 " HH. HR. F. Ft RFt F 
HHFt fFH fRF FFF HRR RW 5HR F HHcfe Ft FF 7 " 
FI HH. HR. F. 3FRH RRtH" RFtH" Hf 5H FFF 1- F 
HR feu tSfelH 1 " rtdlH 7 " Hf dd<5 RFt sft. HR. F. Ft 
oo(R o(dcS F 7 " cb-T ofFF 7 F fHFFfH 1 " HHH fRF eft. HR. 
F. HFRcF Ffet RHIh 7 " FFfH 1 " feFtH FRI fFFt RFt 
RtR 3t. HR. F. fRF feCTd FR RFt»P fecT ff F 
^ HHVFRF FFtH 1 " HR fFF RFt RRtH 7 " RFtH 1 " fed fFF 
FFRldHR fFHF RH RUFt F HR fHt feH ^ W.j 
FFFt FI fflHHt RFt fFMF R UF §" FFt F §FT F 7 " 
HHHHF" HdFRH SFt UF r I fFF F FF FFF W fFH £ 
Ft. HR. F. HFRcT R feH'R" FF UFtcF Ft &F Rt FFt 
F I HR 7 " FfeH 7 " fFH 7 " fFF Ft. HR. F. H FRof €W W 
F TFH 7 " F HR HUfa fRF Ft. HR. F. HfetH (ligase) 
Rfet HRFHfe 5W ufaH 7 §HF FFt RFt 7FR FS - 
FFF 1 " F cS'R" Ft feH fcTfF^H 1 " F HF feF FFfeF 
lL|d* f%F fuH 1 «e •S'rt > F r F. W7. F. tt c('d g+F 
?t F rFFt F I 

F i H%TJH?T-< i Hf^ UFF Ft W ferfFW W F 
F3" FFF F feFFF ^UFT F > H3" fFF ?>FF" fF ^FF F 1 ^" 
Ft fetW ?FF fVTRFt FRFt F I FFoT 
fF7F Ut F 3t. >H77. F. Ft ftlFF R# Ft Ft OT 
FFt F »fF fFF c^FR" TT^F 5f ?FFt FFt FI >5FF. 1 FF. 
F. (RNA) »fF Ft. >HF. F. (DNA) f%F FF^T fFF ?t 
F fe" FFF, FFF. F. feF FfetFF Ft?ft (FF) FFt F FF" 
fcT 3t. FFF F. feF FWfemtF'FtHF FfF feH f%F 
FTFfeftR Ft W F ftratfHFtR IFF 1 " fW feFT yd'feR 
(Uracil) FF 7 " F UF feH HHFtwt 7FR W" F F3" HF77 
Ft HFRt ferfe>iF" ?fet HFRFt ?€R" fet wf?7H 
FF’f HR" 7FR" FRFt F I Ht. FftS", F. HHRHd ^felFFF. 
W7. F. HHRHF" f%F ?t §Hfet F 7 " W FF 7 " 
feQoIRl^H' g 'fe 5 1 d'FldH.FF Ft FR I feF FFt 
fe^rtlfed ’rffesT R3t * 'R F3R Ft fefew HH" 
miF" F FHFF fe HRF F7T I Ffel^UHR" Ft ferfF>>F ^t. 
HR. F. §fet tFH 3tFH H 1 ^" F feFT HRFfetH (DNA- 
primed RNA polymerase) F3H *'« FFt F I fe<y 
3" Ft. HR. F. ^H 1 " RRt W fe^T ffe H F H 7 FtH t 

FR I fFR 1 " f%F" feoT rtrfl fiTH 0's fedl fees] 6 HF3" FF 
FR, rSHR Ft Rrft ^rl" FF" R?t rl'Ft FI feH^UdU UFR 
fufutR FtH ^Hld 'fe FfeQc^RlQH ' F t Bi FfetFHFF 
tS'R HH. HR. F. F 7 " HHRHF FF 7 " F I feu ferfFH 7 " Rt, 



HR. F. H5" F ?FR" ?FR" Rdl'd'd FFt FfFFt F ftlH f%F 
?>HR Ft sft. HR. F. rtrfl 1%F fedl dddld HRHH UFR 
W*" FRFtH 1 " FfetH 1 " FRI HH. HR. F. F HTRHF 
fUS 1 3t. HR. F. FfeF RRtH 1 " HR HHfH feF FR ^ 
UfeR 7 " ^Rt HR HRRF ^Rt HfeRt fcF W FfetH 1 
FRI 

Rt. ^R. F. fefetSd 1 ^ 1 (Variations)— gdc 

FtsP" fFF Ft. HR. F. Ft HRRF HR H'dd 1 fgF RHi 
F 1 " fefFRR 7 ^ fHRFfH 1 " FRI HddldlH 1 " f%F 
FJHfeRR HR HHfefHR (Ft Ht) 25% R R R 75% Ra 
fHRFt F I FF FIFU 7 " feF HF f%fe cS d Ufet Ffet F fFR 
fR §H F UfFH 1 " fRF 35 R 49% Ft. Hit (FHffeH 
R HfefefHR) FFt F I fefe Ref" RF ?FF gFFF F FfR 
HR fefR ?FFT F Ffer f%F Rt Rt. HR. F. Ft HTRF 
fRF fefFRR 1 " fHRFt F 1 

h!^ 1 Ft FfeRR 1 " (Complexity) F ?FR ?FR Rt 
HR. F. Ft HRF 7 " UfR HR RFFt Ffet F UFR fHR^ 
FRF W F FfR^ fRF Rt RHt fettHR 1 " felRFt FIRt 
HR. F. Ft HRF 1 " fRH^H 7 " fRF 6xl0' 19 FF. UfR RF 
HR UfFH 1 " F HR 7 " fRF 2xlO' 10 FT. UfR FFR^fei 
(Haploid) HR FFt FI HR R SF fR^RH 1 " fRF Rt. HR 
F. F 1 " RR UFftCniFfetR^ (polypeptides) RFt FF 7 " ^ 
HR feif" fRF FF dddlH FRR feF RH Ft HfeM F 
feH R^r HofetFtH 1 " fRF Rt 3t. HR. F. F 1 " Fi 
UFrfefUFfetR*" RFt FF 7 " F HR feH Ft H 7 " # HFRtH 
RFRfe 1 " FRR feef RH Ft H T G i FtH i " FR UFRGf RFc 
F TTfR 7 " fRF FFR HHfafe KFtH 1 " 10 2 R R F 10 7 RH 
dd HFFfetH 7 " FFtH 1 " FR HR Rt. HR. F. F 7 " FFR 1 " RH 
UHtCfUFfetR F FF fRF RFt FF 7 " I feof RFFT F TftR 
fFR fe" fF" RFFT F UlFH 1 " fRF Rt. HR. F. Ft Uf 7 
HR" HRF 7 feoT R R F 1 00 RH RcT fRfRR F Hofet F 
feH R^ 7 " HStH 1 " F fecT RFFT RFT feH fRF FF ^rflo- 
ThedIh 7 " ?FR 100 FFF 7 " fFH'tl 1 Rt. HR. F. UF F HP 
feH ?FR Qrt 1 Ft HFRF §Ft RUF. FfFRFH Rt cH 
FFt I feH R feRHR 1 " feF TFRt F 1 " OFfet F ttfR 1 " fRF ^ 
UfRHR Rt. HR. F. Ft H T RF r fRF ffefRRR 1 " FHcfFt s 

Rt . HR . F. F RFt FHT UHfeCfUFfetR RRfH 1 " H 7 
RFR 7 " FR R feR r R T FF RH Rt oTFF FR fefeT ffe HH 
HR. F. HFH 1 RFt §R FF 7 " fFFF HFT UFtR HHRHT 
fRF RH H 1 ^ FR I GfHFR RF FfetHHTR HH . HI? 
F. HR ^HRF HH. HR. F. I ^F RFFT F HtR 1 " ffe 
Hi U Ft H 1 " RFRfe 7 " FtH 7 " H c(d F 7 " FFHT cTfetH 1 " uf 
FR. HFF F HFFtH 7 " FR I sfet FfFt dddlfe W RFfe 
FtH" R'U FHjtH 7 " FR F 1 " fed RH FF 7 " F ffe fdH R 7 
oPlft fRF GRTjfe RdRR (fefFFR) W URF RFRfe FP 
RFtRyfertl H^^HRRMFfFFFtferGfeRtfel 
RFt HH F 1 " UPRF fife" FHcfet FRI Rt. HR. F. F R 
RFF RHP" F UFTrG" Gh UF 1 " fRHHaHI" FF 7 " F I 




123 



TO fHHHW sS. W. Z. Z fetf^'TOg gfe TOS 

fey uu gt. mz. z. w fet of uy frr^ fe SySld'l'H 1 ' 
fey UdUyfey (plasmid) SS U77I fefe fez Uygy 
grot fez yg uy w fzfe Gfe gwtfe »pfg few 

-fife Z HdTtPH 7 ’ UtTTr ofd* ^ rife yt Sg Uyi 

uygfey gSuu Su z gy gg ggg uy uu §f yyfe 
fez feu gyutufer g frog yy zz fey uy to? 
feyfey & fey uy i feu feu ew feu ygyu u gyy 
uy w wuut ufuwt gfrot fez w gyy uyi 
uyfero gt. fey. z. z r wry tfe uy yyy fen gt 
HUTO §■ TO ft Zfe gyUTO w feg Gfe ufeur 4ffy 
yuro yut wy S i to gfe fe uro uy gt. fey. z. 

•v »\ 

w fey frog yfe try + yt uroly gr fey fe\ fey. z. 
fez uro ytro w gyro S fay ?yy grog gt. fey. 
z. uro uro S faiuy 7 fe wfeud *yfe few yyy 
y TOTuyrSi 

Gfe TOyryufeSfeyfe. fey. S.fe gyro w 
fey y yfe git ufa few ygy feg yyfcy 
fefeytwt (Genetic Engineering) ddl HU'cil feu Util 

S i feyyy feu ?fet yt fe . fey . z. z >nfay tyfrop- to 

?nr yuro yfet vfetz ufuro Si Gd'ddy yfe 

feAyfacsyvSuwy yyQe tow fey feudjlwtiTO 7 ' 

yt TOfelg yw gt. fey. z. urofegg fez 1 w few 

fero S fay tow yyfe w w yuty yy feynfey 

iguy g fetfl g S’ gyy ggr uyy ?fet > yfe grot u ifey 

tout y ufefer y Hfetgcrfefor >zz srSTOWfe f¥g 
•\ •* 

yrugr nfru5T^. -wr. z. g5 T gitroSfTOf)TO’g^ T 
g fe feg ufel - ufefe srw 1 %g frog - w tfe ^ggr e 
yfefeg 3 1 gt Ut ^ 1 oy g? 7 i ^hItet ufefer" g 1 " 

•v S 

Hfefeopfefer »ffer t%g frog- wr. g. wgg - 

nro yro-feg (gvnfeg) g Fra^ 1- g gfe fg 
fefgwt»iH fez frog - zfe z\. >h? 7 . g. z T gt 
ffegggg ggjing w e g T gtfgH + ^ M’g. yfe. 
g. >hh §Fugt?r z\ fewgwt gfe w 1 %g fro^ 
zw #. nfe. g. gt fcswfgg orggr g 1 feg gggt gfe g 
fer nfe fgg fkgg- wfer gg Qgtfe z T ferogg - 
fefcTffewr fegg' gt. 'wg. z. w gt w g i 

usrefe ^t. W7. z., to-w e gt. yfg. z. 
yfe e gt. wr. z. zt gggg fro 

diwccd ggl g 1 yffergt gggg s 1- feg gfes 1 " oy g ft? 
feg fez gg dH i feg t ynggfetg^ ^ Sgt ^.igg ggt 

gg 7- feQTd feg w Sgt ?t ffer Hyg trjg ?fet 
gg T ferg fez feg gfeg gg gsrgi ufelnr e gg 
fegrgw ^zz Hggtgb>f r tr r gt. wr. g. yng gt. wr. 
z, fe TOgt gg 1- gr gg 1 " g z^ z Kgfer gt fe feg 
fegg 1w g^t ^zz gt gg 7 gi zw ggfetgfer z 
feH ' g^ r feg '^t gt. mz. z. gt >gfggt TOgt fegg gt 
gg 'fefe ’ c i gggg feggt gi fe?^ feg HfefeHtg ygt 
z?r HferfetB- Hfetggfe w gfetgfeHtKtgfetg 



gt ^rffe fun . ggvrg 

H'ytSHl* TOfro gggfe ggt ggt g 1 feg zaz gfefetg 
yd'THM. fed'yTgjc^HlHtwtgyd'rHw g>w 3 ygtg 
ggt ggt Si >>1^0^ gggtwfer g ggfer gt. 
7 h? 7 . g. gt FTHgt gggg *hz feg fegjgfen - tpg 7 gt 
gggfe- fez fe Sgt ug^ ?fet ipfgtnr ugf fen zf~ 
gt fefew gt. W 7 . g. gt Hfagy Gg - ggg wrg 
irGgtgi 

g. y.-rta’. ^Ig. sf. ? 4 : si 

^HfU : feg Gfegt ggfe g §g Tggggt ygg g 
h?t Hfetgfe fewsSfe z r fesr wgfegygg ygddi'dl 
gfeg g g fegifoy Sttw # ufeg g 1 170 fer. nt.Gfeg- 
tfen 4 z sffeg fez z >nw gfror g yg^ g ? 1 w 
gfrorg 1 feg g > K T H’-g , >f r g tfetyf fegt g feg gg 1 

feg cffet Ud '<i 1 gfgg g 1 fen g ygfe" feg feg 
I 8 ¥t ggt g gg cfet ujg g 1435 gt. z T gfew feg 
fegg g-.| ng 1944 feg feg g^ cffet fzw gfe 
fe?>r gt ug feg gt yragg gggr fe feg feg gg 

Mg^ugggrf^gf^^igf^gr^sp^f^p- 

gg ggg gg feg ydyg g wz zm feg g gg'fe»r 
gfrog g 1 

ygfe - gg fe gt gfeg g gtror z feg g ggt 
Hggg z Usrgg gg feg z ggg h 1 dl r z r nodid 1 
fggtyfe ggfer gg ug to to gfror z gfeg g 7 gfet 
cSofg* gg 7- ffer 1 g-gw gg gggr feg fez ^gitfe 
z t mfw gt 1 gg 1435 feg qgg gg gvf gfeg z 1 
wt ggg-rg gfew 1 gg z ~zsm r z 1668 gt. feg 
usgr Cfe 7 zz gfe»r gg feg g io ; ooo Sg feg 
gtgfet ?gg gg gfei gg 1694 feg gfegg 7 ’ >zz 
^fizzife z gfeg z feggg gw sr- fgg 1 

Hyg gfeg gt wz g gfrog g gg feg gg g 
ggfet sgrorg fesnfeg Im gt to g ggftpro 
ggrdPU'' feg feg S 1 gggr g ifeg z eg g feg fef - 
Sgg §■ raw ggj ggg »rfg-g 7 g gfeg ug 1 
ufeg Sfefe TOfefe fe^wgggfeguttgt ggt 
Si 

wet ggg zzfe^, zz gg w, Mw >ro 
cfTO 7- ggfg" feg g w fggui ug 1 feg z fw 
15 gt ggt g feg ufet zz >ro Ssfeg g gt gtg 
ggfefer gfetw u?i 1 ug feg ufefefe Swtfg g 
htott, ffeucTcF *nz d’K'feg ugw yrtg ?t few 
sffeggugi 

Wfet- 35 , 659 ( 1982 ) 

49 ° 56 " fe. feg. ; 1° 05 ' y. ZZ, 

Z. U.-^ig. fe. K 7 . 4 : 84; 4fe. »H>f. 9 :97 

yfMHF, ; feu fezfft g ffer 

PTOWonu, yufetw »fe gti feu wg 
Twpufw »fe Sfror gfer uufefer orug # uuro 




sfltnlwr 



124 



fWU 1- Htl feH W HBH 31 8fHfHU, 1846 £ 
tbldlwW feu ufe8FI 8Fyt .#fft tftWB HUB feu 
UHt dH'B 'L gtalia militare 1 75^1' foy^ Ht >83" 1867 
fetd On H 7 8fsil<;d y<£ f3PH T Ht I feH H 7 UfUB 7 owi! 
HU]fe 'La Vita militare' (1868) ‘feBUUt Bfefe feB 
feUBt’ Htl foT H 7 feH 3u HUUt HUjfu 'Novelle' 
(1812) Ht ftTH B fo HUt 8PBHH HUH ffe HUt Ht 
UHB 7 HBH UB I HB 1880 feu for B orffe HUTfe 
'Poesie' fefWI feH H fett's ? 7 feH B Hut B^HB, 
RUUBnt 8ft fefU8T- HM BU feUBt Ht UW ft Ht 
foyi feH Ht HU t ^(-il'H 7 dUcV HfU8f 7 Ht cfo'dl 
'Cuore' (1886), t fHHH 7 1960 feu ‘ut TO 8PU U 
Wfe’ MUTUHt ?w fen wr-d't! ufun 7 I fen cid'ul 

H 7 8fBH r U 25 t ^ sPff'H' feu uffey 7 ! 

fen H 7 HUH 11 HW , 1908 £ HUttuiU 7 fey 

UfH8TI 

u. y.— >>t?r. fe. h 7 . 3 ; 413; 8(u. >n>). 8 : 535. 

^faftWT : for uffej UHB H T HH T U pft frTH H 7 yU 7 
B 7 ttnt 8 fH, UFHtWT HHtWT olfedH dd'HrtH Ht I feH 
H 7 HBH BUTUUT 201 Ht. feH HHH 5 tW feUU fey 
3 fe 8 T I Ufe fHH H HHB HfeB W HUt HU'HHt BUt 
feBHt uu for w nut uuiu nut fur urut Oh - Isb t 

UfUB 7 , feU feH HBUU 8ft HfeB Htl 

HB 248 feu UH H H'tiH'U fefevgTH^HUH?H 
8ft UFfe t UfUH 7 tUHH H HB t HU ilu ft - 

uhb urat tuT Htu 7 3fe8r Ht 8ft hu ufe fn h uh 
8fHU 3W feJB But HUt H T 8feH T U HB 3UHB, 8ffau 
B'Hbl HUT t tfet8fH B H'HH'U fefBU B 31*3 B 7 site 
Ht HBHT fftt I fUH Hf 7 HUB TUB" feH B H'HHHT H 7 
fefcf<U H tfUH tt fy[8r~ 8ft feU HWU H 1- f^H^HiPHU 
HH t^TI fHH H t^t HU HUIU Ut H T HH T U' fefev H 
fUH H HTH Ht ofHHT H ^ Srtyy ^B" ‘^fl : P8 T I feH 249 
Ut. f%H feH Ht^ ttT H fUH Ht HUHt H f%UTI Ut feH 
H BH W fcPHH ' U utfHH oTU fHH 1- >8H fUH t fUUBt H 
UHB 7 ofU77 BUt HHHU cftSH f^fl ?U7H H# H'HH’d 
r«r»ufuH?HH cold 1 c tdH' ufeyf Brf '01 feninfu^r 
fHP>F I 

HWH HHH H HT 81 H 3 tHtW B > 8 ^ 13 ^ tpF 
f%H >8BB T HB fenffH" BUt CMcS'-d' Hd'Ht^F >8H 
HUUtU H grit HUfH8T Ht HUHH 8TfH dfU^'HtlUHH 
yd'dtS" UUH B B^UT Ht irfUH cl'd* UtfUHHUHT 
f%H hIhuW w UBMUf cr3B8PH hu t fumri 

H7T 250 f%H HUHH* H U^tB Hfe^T H ^ fH 
bftO UMfenT J HH'OH feH feU HgUT 3- fePH 1 " UU 251 
Ut. feH H UPfeoT joH T H HBoTlT ^UU UUfrt'8'" feH 
fHH UTRB" HUB HUlf HUUtH Ht BHfet feH 
8feHoffBHt H BH yPHH" Ut HfeW Ht HUSH TUB feu 
H^U^f fePH 1 "! 

U. y — fe. 7 : 123; > >lB. 8 : 588 



sflHttjrtSjfsjOt ^^r^BH^UWHfeHfTlt 
BW >8H 8PBHH H 1- HBH 22 HBHU, 1864 B 
>88HdddH feH Ufe8fl feH B ^PUBt yHHcT 
'Verzamelde Opstellen' (1894-1911) feP8 T U t frlBU' 

feHUoCfeci Ht^tl 

feH B yfyUT H T feHH HfeB yffUB HB 1- HqHHcT 
HU ortUHl feU feH B feH 'Een Liefde' 

yupfeH oftHT'i fyg" fen b yfdddfe'H e^ - h fent 

feH T UU T U T Ht ^UHcT feynt Hf HU funt I 

feu UU ufB §" UHt UUtcft TUB" ^W 1- Ht 8f3 feH 

b <A001 H'fddoi ynu # huh uh 7 ^ - irfeyp" 1 

feH Htnr few H HUTfe 6 frlBH*' feH 1922- 
24 ut. HUB - VjoFfHB 3tl feH $ feH H fefeu fe^H 
H§H H <vB 1935 Ut. feH WfHUUSH feH yfBUUt 

Hferuunt feuiut h h HTUPfeyr fepy 7 1 

26 HB^Ut, 1952 $ U T UBH fey feH Ht HH ^ 

UTUt I 

U. y.-’te'. fe. 7 : 348; flfe. 4 : 345 

Silo'dl : feU yfUFH H 1 " feH HfU8T 3 ftTUH 7 
HHt8H H ifeH ^UHUHU HfUW feH f>fB tPH 1- U I 
feH HT Ut UUfet HHUF Ufet ^UIH 7 3" >83" feH HUH 
feH S’ fHH3 H HTB-it HfU8f ^UUF Hfo^r feH 1- U I 

u. y.-fey. ur. fen. 11 : 345 

-gf frzfW¥ } (De Havilland, sir 

Geoffrey) : BHfar 8ft HUW HU H vfet 8ft 
8fUTUHt UHfet HUW H feH feHUfed t fBUH T 3 T H 1 " 
H7>H 1882 Ut. feH Ufe8FI feu HU BUB HBB Hfe 
HFH fBUHTH^ H RHt8T fw lit I WT 1 9 1 0 feH feH 
B H.UBH'UUHH 50 UHHIPHU H fetTB HHH HFH 
ft8TU HtH - 8ft tBHT 3Ut I UfUB'HH T UgcrHHU T B 
feU UHfet HJHJ HTBt HIJBt ^ ^ feHUtBH 

8ft feutyB irfUBU Ht, ftTH fen B HUB3 T yUWH Hut 
BH'H UHfet tfd'ti 8ft UBH HHU feypu Ht3 1 H3HU, 
1920 feH feH B ‘tt. D-dlftst U8fU HUUUU HUBt’ Ht 
aunjBT Htttl HW (Moth) Bfet H Hfei- UHfet 
HFHHt HSB3 1 B Hlftt B HHUt 3U t HUU UHd 1 Hi' 
tH3 T 8ft UJUfeUBfeH.dB'fedl HUfe Bfeu HU Httt I 
HH HHH HU Ht HU7)t H 1 " UU3 W HUB' fWuB 
UBfetft H fH8fTU cTtur feT8TI t feHB HW HU- 
HHHt H'Hcfld (Mosquito) UUfet HTH Fit I HH HH'd 
Hfu 3 1 H T 8fH feH B tHU U8fU BfetPiU 8ft tt. 8tH 
UtHU (D.H. Ghost ) HU feHUT W >fe tfe[8p-| feH B 
1944 Ut. feH BfetU HB- fHt 1 " fel8r 8ft 1962 Ut. 
fen fen b 8PUUU 8^ Hfuu ?hb hbvtItph 1 " fu^u i 

WT 1965 feH feH Ht H3" t ufet I 
U. y.— 8hT. fe. IT. 3 : 437 




125 



orf^cSHl', ^HTT : f&dlA'sf S feH SU°T H 7 
H77H 15 W, 1785 S H'StlHdd f^uf^FI fes 
fecT M'rttlol MS UHd"? 75Ua Udd uFhU 0 FdM 7 I 

fenaf Ghs hh 7 h 7 ?? sF hF hs 1 fen a fus 7 tit 
hs 3" sfeFi fus 7 af hs fug 1 fen af h 7 s far af 
iftts 7 cfFsf i fen ^ aaus ^ferew ates Gfe 

ydd U^g fUM 7 MS fes M T USfM 7 feUS 7 fgS g>S 

g>s mi^ afg77 sFm 7 wsTTg 7 §■ fws eras 1- fes 7 

si 

yy dldHS HotTi fgS Hif 7 fUd' UjJ § FdH S 
H'rt^Hdd OltHS Ha77 fgS U^?7 StT tSS 7 fSTM 7 ! feu 
fed. UH 7T 7 dfe H fo( M 7 MS 18 HSF?7 d Fd § 0t| 66 
feTM 7 M3" >>fo’ Hdl* gTTH MS 77377 fgS FdS 1 I Fuu 
S377 fgs fes af fefsss 7 fea Hg 7 ^ gHg 7 ms TT^ S 
diul I 

HS 1803 a MUtS fgS fes fSHHSS cFTTH, 
MfeHiSS H77 7 fSPH 7 USS §U HS 1809 Sa # FsSdldl 
ijjus 7T 7 ofcT HfaM 7 i OFT Fdd ’mis mh-T §” gfaM 7 
f^TTT 7 HfvJHH crHS 7 Hf I 

feH fllg 1 HS 1808 fgS fes gOSHgSS MS 
dfefdd H 7 H r H VPSS TTSf dldM>feS7F felM 7 ! feH S 
UfOTT 7 HS 1804 fgS fes MSfe H 7 WS HU'ScTHF I 
for af unsa ‘stttIhot w >>r?r fesif»H OuImh 
efes’ fen S HfgS Ftddd §■ USS SSlF Sf 7 FdddGl 3" I 
UfS7# g T SS 7 feHSM^M 7 U^Qd'Hl SScfSSTTSF 
unjf Fit USS §H HM^ S fen S 7 FPS 7 HfgS 3f US77 a 
Safe'S 7 HF = I 

hs 1 8 1 7 fgs for a 7 fgmr ipsais fHUHSsw 
s few a fa fen a swg fga at ofest hF i us- fen 
s Mgfe trs - af »pa3 gars' af afen cffsF utf feir 
fgs fes Hg77 7T 7 tjfem m FFst min trs - e 7 
>W T Sf fSS 7 1 H77 1818-19f^f55TS'gH7HS#3 r ^raS 
HUT r ^77 r oft^F I fe7J flSTT ’5 rr uftr?? 7 fSTCrfi-ra - ^ T 3rT Fff I 
Hireur gS 1 gn gs?7 e 7 fen §■ ns s 1 ^ tt 7 ^ fcr 
uf^H 7 ftr feFT fgg feus' e 7 Hot Os 7 3” fern MS 

HSUS, 1821 fgS feH S fe377 HSlsfe’ fgS M 7 !/^" 
fferfip ufeu UHSoT 'ofTTSHTTS W MS feSTfeH 
^ufMK-Uldd’ Ijof 1 F)Hd ofldl I feS SS77 7 F8H S fetff 
tftg77 S M T U'fdS Hf I W7 1822 fgS fes SS77 7 UHSoT 
fufgsgufi 

fUg 1 feH S ‘H^oT g3 HSfefe', ‘77H HdlJlcS’, 
‘MfeTTHdST feSSSf STfTS 1 nffe fgS M 7 USfM 7 ofsf 
dUcS'g' IjU'fHS oildlM 7 1 H77 1853 fgS fes S 
MnfetM 7 dUtS'g' S HHlfe Sf UfSTTf Fh«U Ud'Fwd 
oflsfl 

HS 1837 fgs fen sf usst sf Ffs S Hist I fen 
^USS fSH S M T US" HfeM 7 §" ST'SS S fU3” HHHgaT fgU 
^3 feS 7 MS MHJ gUS 7 sfelS" 7?fe fUM 7 1 feH SH 7 ?! 
feS feef H 7 S Stff H 7 uJhS 7 sfSH 7 MS feH S ^U" gU 



3f tg?7 (3?7Sf SHf) ISS773 

yg 7 S oTHt cTXS fesfe S S 3U H77 1 HS HH 1 feH S §77 
gU gU yg 7 S g HcT77 H77 fHTJ 7 H 7 fSM*' S 7 feS 
feS T feM 7 SHS 7 Fff I 

crfgTTHf S 7 MSTStTf STH 7 fgS feus S 7 M T US 7 

^us 7 st tsr nf i for sfM 7 feus 7 fg^ 1 fen sFm 7 h#- 

SfgTTf SSS'g' HSS HSSgyS77 S77 1 feH Sf 7 
< cT7)tH77S , feH Sf HS S SSff SS77 7 H?ff sfef S I 

8 SHHS, 1859 $ HoPHSS fgS MfSSHddl fgU 

fessf ifsS-aisfi 

S. y.->>t77. fa. 7 : 270; Wl. 8 : 707; »?lg. ^t<7. 4 : 

349 

sTloi <:d : fes h. s. m. e §ssf FuTilA'Fy fgsr 
hhs sn^sf e 7 fesr afss s fess 7 hsfhti sfsM 7 % 

§g gfHM 7 dfuM 7 O' I FdH S SMfe HSS ^UtH'G Udd 
3s - crag fes fecr glTSoT H3t gf SI fes u>fu 375g 
HoTH77gf3l 

feH St M T SfacTS 7 S 7 HU MHFS SSf §SU|dl S77 
fe^ 7 fgS RS 7 , feHlTS, Sfe SlM 7 Sfe 7 , HTTdoTd' # 
USS, S’fes, feifef S USH, ifer 7 , dH'fySU UHW, 
UTS" StM 7 sfe 7 , HfeMfefe MS Hoff S S 7 tTS’-^ST 
USTSH, §US, UTHHfeoT SfM 7 Sfe 7 MS USST MTfe 

asfefeessi 



wFdd fgS fi-fTTffeS yrtl^dFHdl MS feH S 6'7i 
Htus feg t[Hafssf fera 7 ms fecr o^-afes gf si 
fea 1 S 7 f>fGHU77 H3 Fhos 1 1857 Sf. fgS 3fe fgS 
M T f^Hf,MH3fa 7 e 7 HSSUS T S 7 H i 3 3'lfefSSW 
UU s 1 fet HS s 1 ufSTTf Hafef HHSf 1821 Hf. fgS 
Harfus 3sf Hf S Hfes S 7 7T 7 HStS77 gf§SS S S 7 S 
fUM 7 ^ MHSfor 7 e STFSSf HHSSf tHFS 7 S 7 oTHW 

hF i A* 1830 fgs feasw feas s ufsgs S MHIS 7 
ufsTT 7 ms fea as'fyM 7 1 fen §■ ss fecT77 STT^sfea 

ll 7 S5rS 7 |U'feS r fSTM 7 3lH77 1860 fgS MHSFoT Sf 
feuafedTS cTTTgTTHS gf sflddd fgS Sf Oul Hf Fhh 
fgS fecT?7 §" MHdlcc IJCFS HS77 SSf uFdrtl g^ 
HHSa?7 flffeM 7 Hf I dieddd Sf dld'a MSlff sf UFdrtl 

seff gf gfass fes 3 F naTfus afsF afeF hF i 

M T a T Sf— HfSS— 8 3 ,8 8 5 (1990) ; H. U.-117, 
206 (1990) 



39° 51' f\ fga.; 89° 32' U. SS. 

S. y.-wts. »ftf. 8 : 583; fe. K 7 . 3 : 948 

^ ^7) (toh)' dHtSff^r : agas SHT 
MHSfoT 7 S feH HSTFSoTS MS MfeScr S 7 H77H 3 MU77, 
1859 S oT?7SfeS d'tH fgS feartd'Qrt fgU SfeM 7 1 fe 1 ? 
1879 fgS M r d'Hic'si S ^HSH77 57077 fUSS feH S 
tTSH7>f MfesfM 7 MS SSfe S 1 HSlfS sf Fh FUM 7 IjJUS 

sffsF i gsf rff fes ‘stsush glu«.V ms fef' upsa s 
‘gSTSF’ safe a 7 HSffSoTMfeaor as fePH 7 1^7 1887 




126 



slurs' FfuM 1 " 

F 1913 FU3 feF £ 20 U35T |3F FUft3-?UU FF | 
feF f feu fecrfert futIf-tuu fuf fuf uf, f#HF 
5?UF fe%3 U3"’ (1890) 3* FUF uf HWfUM 7 " fUIM 1 " 
M3 f§3 UFU F #U Ufet UF offer fUIM 1 " I feF FtM* UU 
f^F 1 " f#F ‘FF Ffe’ (1894), 'Ft UfettHF’ (1897) 
‘HF HUtM3’ ( 1901 ) M^F FMF U3 I 'Ft FUUFUt 
fUFfelFF’ M3 'felf #71 f#F3"’ (1920) feF F #3 
FBTtF-?FU U3 1 feF 3 M M3 WW ffet #t 
FUFFuffFufFM 1 "! 

16 F7vUUt, 1920 t fFoI'dl f#U feF Ft H3 3" 

dldl I 

J. y — flte. f^. W. 3 : 440; U3. WT. 6 : 158; >>t3. MVl\ 
8 : 604 

s/ldlW efo’J-F : fHtMnr f uuut FFut 

fedtM3 FCF f#F FFU FUFF*" F fcoTFF UFF fef 
FtFFF FI FfOJF HF F 525 fe. Ft. FtfF-PfeH #3 
UUTF 1 " ufeM 1 " feof fUFUF FWFFt U3U 3 IFF STUF 1 " 
FfeH T UF T §' d3'o< F Pyd'FF Q~dd f#FM'dUd' H'dld 
f#F TF feUTF 1 " U I 

Iff fIum 1 " d 1 6 1 hD d 1 d ff, feruiF Iff f <Sf f 1 " 

Ftf Wfdd F, rld'tdd'ol Md I F I fed HPdd 1927 Ft. f#F 
3F FtFF feutu F feMfet #FfeF 3 UUF SUf 
UF'feM 1 ' fUIM 1 " Ft M3 1942 Ft. FtF feu feF HF^U 
ffet UUfFM 1 " TFF 1 " fFF F I 

u. y.->>tF. If. w. 4 : 93 

^3T H^'dtT : HFWHSfF (MU.) F UU§FU #3 
Iff cF Ft FFt F FFFt fFF §FJF feoT HFFF M3 
tftiddT diddl'd FlfFFF 7 feF UU 75+ MdfeF'TF #t F I 
fFFdd'HlHl tT3-F7T r M3 F 3U F cUfeH ufeM 7 lit UU 
FF fFF UF 1 " FfFF FF tUTM 7 F I FWFU f#F Ff^F" fFF 
FFFFFy^'Qd U^feUF cPU3 feF Ft MdfFdd 1 
FtFF F r utM + FUUTUHtM 1 ' FFUUPUt FUUrUFtM 1 " 7U3 
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F 7 Ftr Qf F 3T fFF 1- F UF fFF FFFF, ^F, 

dH'fect F13" FF71 FfeF FtrF #t HFFtM 1 ’ F?1 1 Hpdd F 
F#Ft 10.5 fo[, Kt. FF FFF-UgH IFF feFFFFl 
F^Ft W 1- FI fFF FTF TFF 3^ ?5Ft Ffe>>F FF fFF 
gFt fRFt FFF FFt fFF d'FU'Al 'dWcFF^ 7FF 
FfeW ufPFJI fFF fecT 3^ 7FF MFF^FFt yHF Ft 
FntffT FFFFfFJ Ft fFF Ft FF f#F UF3FFF F FfiFFF 
FTIFt FFt FF3t»T Ft FF F fewfFF f#F fFcm - FFt 
FtFT 3feFF 3 1500 Ft. f#F oftdt Ft I 17#t FFt f#F 
fFF fFF f#F dd'FM FKFFt HFfF 7 >F 3 feFFFFfeF 
FOIFFT Ft FFajcF 5TF FFt Ft I fed FFld'H F^t FF Ft 
srfFF IFF 1 - 1 19#t FFt f#F HWWFt Ft HFt?F 
F'v'HW 3 FFFftJtW Ft fFF FF3 ^FFt t WFF 
FF3 Ft cffHF F F^FF #t 1885 Ft. f#F fFF wfdd 3 
dd'FlFlW 3 WFFt #«Ft FF3t Ft FTFPTlt FF 1- 



ftW I H3 1896 f#F fFF 3 H3WF3F (HFWFt) f#F 
fHTF tfFif 1 " fFW I 

»TWt-54,418 (1990) 

12° 16' F. f#F. ; 49° 17' U. FF. 

F. U.->5l3. Wf. 9 : 95 (1985) 

ar^?5jg- (orfeHt?r opfw) Diesel, 
Rudolf (Christian Karl) : fef3F-FfF3 sfltHM fedF Ft 
FTT FF3 '<5 fFF fetHlcvlolF F 1 " F3H 18 H'dd , 1858 
3 ufdH f#F d fe ; F r I “Technische Hochchule of 
Munich” W f#fF>>F UFJ3 FF3 HFT9 1 fFF 3 'The 
Sulzar Machine Works of Winterthur J f#F Ff#F3F33 

f#FFFW BFtHdfeof WyFfF>>FF PdF'dl^d 
FF oftFFI F3 1885 f#F IFF 3 IFF feFF F fFTTF 
FFFt FF Wf3FF-, fFF F 1- ufeRF F'dFF'dl F^fl 
1893 Ft. f#F HFF3 FfehFI 1896 f#F fFF 3 
f#FfF3 HTsTF ^t UFFFTft oft3t fFF J ?t|W 3F 3 
FU3 #sft H.dddd 1 1303 UFt I 

29F3FF, 1913 JfFdlfHFF71Wf#F fFF Ft H3 

UFt I 

F. y.->H3. fF. IT. 3 : 538 

3t,- W7> : fFF FtHthfUIU #3Ft FfF dlPdd#d' 
W F3F 13 FFfet, 1527 t f%# Ufe^lf fFF 3 
fedlffiT f#F Ulfe3 U3t FF 1 ? 1 ’ PdMdHUt tfF r FU3 f#F 
FTUt Md IF 3 IFfe^FI fFU 1547 3 1550 F FUFT' 
HfeFfef FFUt >HftW3 FU3 >F3 3FFU FF §UU3 
1551 f#F pFdlWd ^F-IF Udd fePM 1 " fFF PfH 3 Add’d 
3 U3F3 KUF fF3t I Ft. F*3 HU'd'dl HUt fefFU F 1 " 
F3Ft FF fUP>F I feF 3 fUS^ #3t Ut fFF 3 i-HFdld UF 
F FUF f#FFF FU few fURlF M3 1555 f#F fdRP" FU 
fFF 1 " fePH 1- 1 

fFfFF'FF ufUFt Ft FFF3 #7 F3F >F3 
F3F“-#3Ft FFFt #F FU3 F feHF7 r feu FU'dd 1 *' 
MF FFFUt FFfeF 3 F 3# 1 ^IF 1 ? Ft FF F #H f#F 3UT 
UF F3 §" WIF FF’F >H3 UF^FF 1 " #t fFF 1 " Ft I feF 3 
Hd'd'il fefFFfeTF Ft FFlUFt FFt FoT? 1 " W 
fF3 FRF ffet #t yfenr fePH 1 " fFF F 1 " Fdld'^ 1 feF 3 
>H T UFfof 1 " feFF 1 " f#F ddH^'Fl U 1 ^ 1 " TUB" oftF 1 " U I 

goffer F #F F T F feiUlUFt >H3^ 1 F ufUFt ?fet 
&fW U 1 #" §F F 1 " feUF FU U3Ut feFfeUTFFf F feu 
FtF 1 " U fFUF 1 " UfUfF FfUU (3UTU F 1 " Wit WT) 
M3 F T MF f#F 333 F 1 " W HMU (TTUTU FsF F 1 " HUt) 
fIfM 1 " JTt UU MF75" f#F feu FF MTj^F F 1 " feF F 1 " 
3F fUF 1 " 3t. FFT 3 oftur Fit I feF F PFrt 1 ^ 1 feF 
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5TU3 UTfF3 #3 MM UFt feu STUf ^FF UfeM 1 "! 

TO" 1583 F 1589 35T Srt. FF1 3 U33 M3 
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127 



SHfo HtfoPy'ttfo feyPPUfo a’yyUUdHA styi 
HS 1595 fey fey S H'SyHSS SUSS fey yyys 
f<SMo( d styfHPH 7 ! 

yaw, 1608 fey H r sass fey - fen yt ay a 
dlfcTI I 

O’, y.-fos. fe. H 7 . 3 : 429 

sHdU , elsfdol r§( Ht)6 (Diez, Friedrich 
Christian) : fea SSHSt y 3W fefSPHfet at I fayy 
ESH 15 HW, 1794 S Ug>ft SSHSt fey sfePl 7 I fea 
S 3VFH" sI'Hfe (fed'M-dl foir-gsuf ySFS 7 y STSU) 
yt Utfey Styt I for yif 7 STS fea S yWSTyHS 5W 
fefarpps yt fear naysays aar at sta auti 
fefyppaat afes hk feyrfet Sfeyfeyfeagfujt 
ayt at i for isos fey asast y s<tl sfe s fa^e 

Vldld fea y fWS L'do( H'fdd yt uy SS a foPH 7 I 
HS 1822 fey for ySU'dya fefoPFafo SSEd'S y 
tfeyafoyt ycsfedfHdl fey rOTfapyi^f fen <5" tt 
unas 7 usrfey offotfoi for 1830 fey tes feu 
ppufos H'foH y usaa ay s ayy feM fora 
WW& SS fey 7 1 for yfof 7 y ayas 7 ‘Grammatic der 
romanischen-Sprahen’ (fes fasy, did'Ha PCS y 
anfo rtdidfHiH) Pfy ‘Etym-ologisches worterbuch der 
romanischen Sprachen’ (S' frltty — 1853) US I for y 

aa yt ass 7 asast d'sdfe y uaa fear fora alaa 
ss sta for ssr fofo ai 

29 afo, 1876 s ate feu ffor y forte a fopu 7 1 

O’. U.-for. fe. 7: 406; for. fa. H 7 . 3 : 540 

oflcffdol, f^TTtfo ffeTTJKVT W?>Hfo : 

ygast y for feddopa pfe §aa y asa 30 pfsaua, 
1712 s sfeta^ feu afepyi upuy fyyas'j fua 7 
fors aw ute pfe dfed* fear fWfupf 7 w aas 
Haiar fomst y aw pyyraaa ya s fey s yfofofo 
rfofef 7 fey aa fyyuafo sasr 7 for fora sat 
Eltidrt s) forwi for s Haas' aaw yt *s» sas 
fey fort fossa 7 yaw stet fe for four 7 fappy 
farad 7 s aiwdl ?w a>raa, Gfod, yfo aafeya 
for »rfy yfoa 7 fap>r ai for 1741 fey for 
trass fea yfo naan foa y yaay fey feyaana 
fcSMord afon 7 ! for 1748 fey for tats steal' y 
fadd 7 y 7 yfea fogary afoa 7 bfo 1764 fo. fey fen 
waa yraryfo y 7 yfora yy foPH 7 1 

V 23 wsr, 1774 s fays fey fen fo ny a 

dldl I 

o', y.-for. fo. h 7 . 3 : 539; for. fa. 7 : 406 

sffcfooT SfeT gfo?T ; for feast y yryrra 
yfos'd wayr (aws 493-526 et.) fo aanfo^" 
d'H'-fo Tpy Hfory ^ta-apy y 7 fear yarfet Tafes a 1 



cSfo'rt 1 

fey y anaarfo fofot aanrst iw y aftfo Taar ntqy 
as a yaa asssaar, ‘stafear y 7 aay T> ‘afes 7 fo 
ssfet’ yfo ‘nryway fo Hy’ wfy ynyar 7 fey yaa 
as 1 ’aate-foms atarw fey fen y ays 7 yay ura 
yfo >HHfora ffor a 1 ay fosfoffor s staffor S' fen y 
aar las fey ate fete 7 fo fea afet rps yrfas 7 y asr 
fey faa 7 1 wfta for aa fo nyy tts fen s afes 7 fo 
ssfet fey nravrslaor $ aaTfeyai ’fofor 7 y y rfea 
for fey yfo ate for stafear §fo tt iry te 
Hua'dlofds yy sfo Mfes 7 ypfenr 7 1 yfw fey fea 
mafosfoar §■ aryy sra^ fea ays 7 s ay ti 
aKyyaft for sTtyfay as* sty dTHaafotasar s 1 as 1 it 
yanfo ate as 1 fen s ffonw >>fo fowanat aarHaTS 
fyarffoi 7 fepa 7 a ay fen y feast 7 HaHS 7 faar s 
d'SH fed 1 faPH 7 a 1 fen a'd yaafetfo" aratpa sal 
urasfe - y fofofa yt arafot fey sat ^rw ?rat afe 
frfo fey sa »rsyy fo§ta y fey 7 y ayfoi afet 
uraTrfe Hsuryy asi ytafaar fo- y fo w ?afes 
fasy-aafe wfoaa syta as 1 fes as ?afear 
fefey^s 7 ?t ppfoy 7 a faas 7 sftafds a 7 Mh^s 
iCT aft ^ny fan s bifeyr 7 y yya 7 §" H 7 fa > >r at 1 

O. U.-for. fo. 7 : 406; for. fo H 7 . 3 : 539 

e/lo^d , sfrtH (Diderot, Denis) : fea Safer y 
feyys y fesrasa at i fea a 7 asa 5 > naryaa, 1713 
s safer fey sfea fea affor 1 fea safeM few^sw 
y for. fores at 1 for 1729 y 1732 ys for sufaa 
fea fefypf 7 uory styf y wr. a. fo fedidl sfo 1 fos" 
1741 fey fea arts fofrw y fa afot fea syfepar 
s felwa a fs fes foiu 7 yaafos at 1 fea s ^a y 
»raa sifepai for 1742 fey fea s yst fes fes 
aasr fo at tss a 7 ^ sa sat 1 

for 1745 fey yfea s aj rft sy ypfsfoaa csss 
fes s afo-Hiryy s# ‘feassa’ fy>>ra say aa 
styi for 1772 fey fea ‘feassa’ y asas uy y 
fea yt feyay saats y aja pits satw cssr a afet 1 
for 1773 fey fea aa utaaaaaar fepa 7 y ifor 7 
aatfspi 7 fey ufaa uay ppfepa 1 

yfya yfer 7 yaafos aysw fey ‘Pensees 
Philosophiques' (1746), 'Lettre Sur les aveugles' 
(1749), 'Lettre Sur les Sourds et muets' (1751) pfo 
‘Elements de Physiologie’ (1774-80) Pi'fe H 7 !!?? 
USI 

fea feyys y fory 30 awfet, 1784 s ufaa 
feu afepri 

O. U.-for. for. 9 : 91 ; for. fsr. >t. 5 : 723; for. fsr. H 7 . 
3 : 534 

c/W'W 1 : fea y cS's. y ay y sy ysy fa^a yt 
uy?rt aa 7 tss atuy fes ufets §yas at faas 7 




128 



dP <"Q<S 

fHy1d r 6 Ud'd Qd Hcvfenl 7 H'H 1 Pi Fo(p pHddl F HH p. P. p, ddldlF, d^H'd 6H Utl'dU dt! 1 i 



dFd* dFT HtT 7 d tT$H PdHT 7 PF 7 Ht >Ht fe? 
H'Add' P»F HFfHF pFF §H $ FF 7 fFF 7 Pd 7 P I 
fes r dWTfFd ^dH 7 ufTff P fafld fafHr f for 

dc] 1 P fed Hddl cVF fUHFF HF dHTF dd 1 fdH OHt! 
US 7 dFd HFVpf ftd't-H 391 UFp F Hd StF fFHT 7 lit I 
PsTW fdF Pi 7 fdF HHFF 7 F HP HHfe 1 ‘FP T^P’ 

fPpPPPPl 

F. y.Pfe. fe. H 7 . 3 : 341 

## <!'§* (Dedaye) : fenfe-TF (HHH 7 ) F UUFUf 

ftlW fed feH dt P P ftdld Hdd F 7 HHd-HdFf F 

0 — 

fadd' F 'PF 7 Hdfa pHHf 7 F HF dF Q“d §H F H33 
3 25 fd. Ht. (15 Ptf) PfP FpHF FI feF dHH 7 
*1 <W1 H 7 F dfHHT 7 FfeHf 7 F! fed F HfP FHTp F 
feWd fdF FF Ft dP dtP PP ?f I fed F 7 HF 3 

HHFF HP HFF P !t | F^fF - , HpF Hp HpF - F few 
WTOtlF^f^Hfea^dFFFfeF^WF^FF 
dP ¥t H?ff fPft Hddd 1 OTF 7 F I 

16° 26' f\ fdd.; 95° 56' y. FH. 

F. U.-fSFU. HT. fed. 11 : 208 

¥t. ^t. Zf. : feF Ffet-dFF Ffet tfow 
<'«1c{ttd pHF F 7 WV gUT F, H 1 d y dll FFpF qfeloF 
P dF" Ft fed HHFHPt dtd-FF td'91 F I feF tid'd 
HFF H'd oftfdHT 7 rtyl Hfe (VlU Fp F I fed fed Hifeidl 
fdHH Ft pFF FFt F F FF-yHF feF Hffe^HF 7 UF 7 
dFplfl 

P. P. Ft. F Ufd«1 dfe 1874 Ft. feF dlud F 
F^FF Ft H'^Fdil feF cTHFW Ft FFFFTFlte' 733 FFt 
UjcTpjjPH 7 d'dl fd dfF did 1 fcJPH 7 Ht I PdH F oftF-H’F 
FIS 7 Ft SiT 1939 Ft. feF Ijfitu P<5 Pdl'H^t IFW FFH1F 
H75F 3 cftdt Ht I Fit HTFF FF FFTT W §H fyg 1 Ft. 
it. Ft. pH 7 , Vlt^H 7 W HSF 7 $ H T F?T HFt feoT 
HIHFFrfFF UlTFoT fHTT FFtl fFF 3Ft FtHFtHf 7 
ftT# F'dldH, UWFT, HWFfrf 7 >Hd ife FtHF F 
ddl'e'S'do* FF F?7 I fe^ 7 oftfeHf 7 3 Pdrt^ 1 FF did 
fFF# 1 HfpH 7 §" ^oFR 7 * UFF^F ? 7 ff 7 fed - FF 7 , frFJHt 
UdFF >Hd 3F FH75t oftfd»F HFfF BFt dt fFF Fd 7 ^ 
fed dffH 7 UJTgoT fHtT FFt FI 

oftfeHf 7 Ffax 7 ddl PdHH 7 3t. 3t. Ft. Ijfd^XJd 
HH 7 c , 7 tlF 7 dFTT fdF HdfT ^ FlFfH 7 UF7 I feF dfeld 
(^t. ^t. FtOFHpPdd ^dtfeHFdHfniFtMFWdF 
ITF dfdF F77 >Hd HTF^F FF dt feH F H T F WTF FS - 
Hf 7 d Hfe rFF Fd fird 1 oret ifet HFF Hdfrf 7 HffFI 
fep F FTcPH 7 oTFd 1960 Ft. FF'HFF Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft 
fedf oTtd-HfF Fdfet dF HF3F 7 ufe FIFt F I Hddd 
F 7 ?! fdF d 7 1972 Ft. 3 1 H 77 ^ Hdd'd dP dt. sft. Ft. 
Ft dF3" O d ctd J5FF Ptldl dldl F I 



fern F 7 feura 7 ^ FWF 109° K. F I dlFFd UUF §1 
dFF fdF Hf^F dFp Ft. ^t. Ft. fdF 65 3 8' 
UdtHF dWHlF dfeld, FF HtOF UFW HHF fe^ 
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F I 3t. Ft. Ft. Ft dFF FF P UW F FU fdF fedd 
F 7 ^ oftdt PFt F I 

F. U.->llF. fH. H 7 . 3 : 411 

3t^P : ycV<*>1 fe Ttl 0 1 H HfpFF feF fee 
d 1 dl d I d HtF ydill'd 1 P fpT ?f FF idUd H'dl'H 7 tfl tH 1 S 
fe«'d' 9ftFF y'FH T FfHFHFFt d^Mylnf 7 dt FF 7 ? 
Pi FF 5FW fed 7FF fdH FTF TFFF F fePH 7 3 
feH F HFUF ffet HfF HFUF JdF feoFFH ffet HH i 
FF HFfe HfF feF Fd felPt fdF FF fedF F 
fed'clH HFF F Fd rt'dl dFd 9 PdOf 7 fd 9 h F H: 
fUuff7 FTF HT3" 9 f HHFF fdF PsSdl ftPH 7 HT3' FF fFPH 7 

Pfh f^ Qd ^h P rt'H HFFt, Oh f 7 P hfi; 

HffetdFtHf 7 ftPH 7 I fFFpHF IFpd feHFF 7 HfF F3 7 i 
Hff Ffe dF U3 7 7dft P, Qp FF gfipp F 7 fdF 7 
P fd§F PdFH F HFfe FFH7TI 

Pd«H HFF F7F?r fdF fed fdHF fdHH t 
UPtcF y*'*1 dfT 7 ffet dFfdHT 7 H'F 1 F FF HFdtoPc 
dOF dFd rtddl QP dtP iPP P I 

F. fF. H 7 . 3 : 342 

¥t, pfpH 7 : feF HdFFF F FRftHf?7 FdF t 
fed FlFHf 7 F F dFtTFTFH UF r d 7 fdF HHFF HdO 1 
1,250 P. (4,000 FF) P fPfet 3 fedF d FFF fe 
fdF dfeF 7 FfeHf 7 HfFFdtd F HF 7 ?! 3 PdP FFT 
fdF fHF H'd 1 FI feF FfcPH 7 FFTHF Hp ffet FHF 
F I HF fdF feF FfcW OP-fpM 7 pHf 7 FFT UTpH 
fdF FF3" FF d.<o'6l dFT *'« dFTF 7 F UF FTHfF fd 

feF P d 7 P fP fP PP F I 

F. y.-»>lF. fe. H 7 . 3 : 954; >>fe. >H>T. 8 : 612 

: feF Udddl'rt F 7 dd 
tFFddfe F tfedFdfe P I Pfc!H F 7 HiHW P PPd 
fFTWFFH FTHF dHFF P I fed HFHUtft fdFd 7 ?! F 7 FF 
14 FdHF, 1839 §" UFF fed PP>FI fed F HF 7 ? 
fpFFft F HFF FF F d dftPH 7 F I 

fed F FdF HFF PP fdF FF dHd HFH F?>7 
P HHF fdF fepF dP FF I fed ffet HFFFFF fd 
fed F cfedF HFF FFHF fWF FF I FdP P P 
HTF fdH 7 dHF S' HH'H'dF F dH T FHd 7 F F fdFd 1 
HHfeHT 7 PF 7 FI fep F UF 7 HFTF 7 F fd fe 
pH'eStT'dl HTF H'FFfl F dfeHfpF 7 P HfF VTF Pd 
H[F UF Fd 7 F HFF fUHfF dFF 7 P I 

feF QfP fdH HFtdF HdF fdF fed PP 
yHfpH 7 feuP UdHF P UF dP §HF fdF P FUfFd 




129 



fet 5dl, d'dlApdc( 



3W wwti for £ fen mww Hr mh dlw 7 ww 7 fw i fen 

W ufdW 1 few ‘Jornal do Porto’ P-dd W|r 3fe?7 W H3U 
few Wfet BRFWtM 7 gUW 7 wfWM 7 5# I mrat fewf w 




HWt^s/lAld 

feW'dd Ffet fej HHW3f 33 W HfW3 ©WW (Ovar) few 
W feTM 7 M3 ©W WiJT H¥ 3 1 few ufew '<Wff ‘As 
IMpilas do Senhor Reitor’ (1867) ferfUM 7 ! few fed 
for £ U|f 3fe77 M3 Wf few 3W Wfe M3 M'ddHd 
W3T FTW UH off© 3771 Hc7 1868 few few £ ‘Uma 
Familia Inglesa’ (1868) A'^tt ferfifM 7 PdH fed few 3 
d'drtH PddAd ©t 3f 7 M 7 UW'Hf33U33Wt HH'Pddl W 7 
W3W77 wfertfl 

for^f dP^dfe M3 A T 3W feH W FdW W fUsT 
sTUtM 7 U3 fed MW© - A'<£W' W3W ^Ud Ufew dPUM 7 1 
H77 1900 37fol? TT^TW ‘As Pupilas do Senhor 
Reitor’ 3IM 7 14 MdldA' SW WWlM 7 H77 1 feH 3 W?©77 
W33T ©3 HW W33T WfM 7 WWW 7 Wf UHU3 7 WWHfef f3W 
oldd fen 3 ?333 sf'dl Pdlidl fed U'Aop fed 33H77 
fUMW few 3WI 

12 W333, 1871 £ U33 fed ©t few W 7 333 3 
feTM 7 1 

3. U.-M77. fa. 7 : 453; M7T. fa. H 7 . 3 : 554 

wKl 1 rtl H d 1 tfl H H 6 (Depolymerisation) 

UWTfew 3 HW >33113 fe3 3333 31" fwfeM 7 £ 
fewfe^dWldHA Wi’fe-HWttdlddA I33 7 3 i 3 T 3IU3 
fofef HWfW3?7 few UUMImIa' 3 3fet>[3 2, 4 - 
Wfefefwfefe-4-3U3t77 Wf fefeFWfecJ wTdH?7 fewfef 
3fet3 : 

CHj CH 3 

1 I 

CI-I — CH— CH 2 — C = CH — CH 2 — CHj->3CH 3 — CH=CH 2 

U3?#MH ©W33T few MM 333 few fefaM 7 ©t 
<^dd fedH 33 3 Adi ofldl d'dl H3T 3dl <£ 'dl 3 33 
3W ¥*£ >33 few UWtfVPW 33 W 7 ©3U3Wt W 7 WW- 



feWWMWcIHA' 33 T (S" few fwfeM 7 MW77W 3f 3 3*Wt 3 1 
fed fwfeM 7 U<7 a! ©dudoc WW 333 HWWWW 3W 7 
©3 33 M3 T 3H3t 33W iT 7 250-500° 3. © W 
PHttld'-MffeTT 7 W33T 'dd'Ul 3377 ©3W3W 7 WMW 7 
Utf3T3 3Wt 3 M3 few fafferC-fewt ffe3 Gttlfe?3 3 
§3U33t #377 7737 fefH3t 3753t 3 1 feoifc 334 3MF3 7 
Sl^T^d'yldlTA' 334 3377 f3l3M 7 -feljt FM^ H3 
U33Tt I S3 7 3 7 H3 7 3t §33 ffe3 H77 PP3M3 77^ ft?7 
U37tH3 MF 7 et 3 T 3t H T 33 7 3 H33t 3 1 

3. y.-ft3. 3. ?. (1977) 4 : 82 Ht 

^ d'ylrtfdot (de Bary, 

Heinrich Anton, 1831-88) : fe>T £ M'yPAof §^ 
fefdFMF M 3 377JTU3t TOT-fefdIMyT F 7 HW33 fsra 7 
W H33 7 3 1 few F 7 377H 333133 MK H77 (3F Ug>ft 
33H77t) few 26 377331, 1831 £ ^feM 7 ! feH WtM 7 
U3 7 , f37f few §fefe M3 33 M§13 W 7 ^ 3 UfWM 7 
fed d3T UW 7 c(dd 377, £ few £ 3fet ufefuP d'HW 
oid^'yl i 

fed H77 1855 W 66 33 3 d MldcM >y{£ 33 T HtH3T 
MAfedfedl, H3 1867-72 few O 7 ?? few M3 1872- 
88 few H33H333T MAfedfedlM 7 few HTTFUWt 
fef 3 PM 77 W 7 0333 ferO 7 1 feF £ 333 Hfefafe ffeTfeTW 
WfeTl-WW W 7 U 3 7 Mdl'feM 7 f 3 F f 53 t fe>T fe fe 3 
3 ddHo(d A fewfH 3 odd' frTFT W 7 333 H 1 d r fOTT 7 M 3 
3 oT Wt M'UfeW GfeTt-fetfeMMlM 7 £ Uirfew KfeTM 7 

— — «V 

UfeM 7 3 1 fe 3 Hl 33 7 ? 7 -U 33 fel' Uffe felfeyffe - W 7 U 3 7 
M^?WUfe 3 feM 3 §!#lfe>T 3 3 § 33 F 773 
§fet W HldH'A fef few W34W 3 W 3 33HWM 7 £ 
3ddfe3 3d3 T l 

fen A MFUcfe few UH 3 W (Untersuchungen uber 
die Brandpilze (Researches Concerning Fungal 
Blights), 1853 ) few fe 3 few 7 fw §3 f^M 7 3 uf WM 7 
WtM 7 ^ M 3 W 7 fWM T 3 l' FfefelM 7 7737 3333 377 , 
§ 3 t fec§ sfePWlM 7 W 7 W t 377 377 7 T 7 fw fec§ SlllfelM 7 
W 7 MHd 3771 fen £ 1865 fed fe A - 1433 fed 1 3 T 3 
Ufewt W 3 few Wfe 7 fW WWW wt W 3 ff W 3 fe 77 -WW 3 
few W > if 1 . 1 3 ’ 'A M 7 © 1 ? 377 , few WWW M 3 few 33 UW 7 , 
3 'd 3 dl, f 33 3 ©Wfe MWlwt W 3 t 3 T f 73 W 7 fAdd'd 
W 3 Wt 31 fe 7377 ufeMF few few 3 1866 5 t. few 
Ufefet WW fe 3 WfeM 7 fe ©fe© M 3 M 753 T 7 (IFWH) few 
pAotd HW-Hrt A'M dfed 377 PdH TTBt few £ 1879 
3 t. few few F 3 W H Pd dfe d 1 MU A' PdM 7 , f3H W 7 
H 3 WW >ft W M'ddlPAdH 7 P-^d«l MWfWf MTlfet ^Ifew 
WWtHfeW'dl I 

few wf few 33 H33WU377 WW HWfefe WWW MT3 
FFWff ufWM 7 few ©3143t ©t fewif USW§ w£ U377 

•— K K 

WTWWfet 3 1 wf 33 f £ UW 7 W 7 MWfeW WWWV 
fef Pdd ' 3 PdH wf UW 3 W (Vergleichende Anatomie der 



130 



fefefecT aFU 7 



Vegetalionsorganc dcr Phenerogamen and Fame (1877, 
(Comparative Anatomy of Phanerogams and Penis, 
1884) feu UUU U I 

F. y.-nte. fe.H 7 . 3 : 417 

¥t>FfeoT : feu McS'cSl Sfe ut 3iW 

; ?FSU 7 feU T U 7 Sm'U'dd feoTH'fddct UFFUIW^T 
UUt S S fe fefefeu U HUfe ofrt'Ufel HSt , Sy'd^H' 
(Kalliarevusa) ut f^dUd ' ofUoT fen d'H U H'fddot 
mfumS sfe HU ufau UU FU US I HO 1880 U dd'd 
fed fefefdd ttfdd S fdc( cS ^ 1 HU fom 7 fi-IH 0 'tt 
fedl'd^ U 1 d fe>t) 'dim 7 tff fUHS cV tt TrtG Hdi 6 

mfe HUSH’ U 7 HU US' 7 ! feu HfS fe UUS 7 HUcT 7 
USfelm 7 fe UUScT S ufes 1 HUS HSdfe F^fes 
feu fS3S Fife I HS 1888 feU mfeOmfetU UfeufFH 
fe iJoCHd ufe dtJA 1 ‘To taxidi mou’ feu femur ,cV rt 
aut Fife 3+ ffe msu ufet uu 7 fefurm r s uteri' HUS U 
US I Ofe mfeUcfe feu^t 3 - foyrfertfr S' ufou 
srafe feu afe f 7 hhfhs 'fets 7 ffe us 7 ms 

H'fdd HHUfetS UsT tffes Hfe UFS 7 US U I FFyfc'df 

y s r sf su d y ' fe , hwft ms murfsu y * 1 *1 fe fd d 1 h 
U 7 mffemS feu cFHUfet feu UU 7 HUfeoT fUH Ufem 7 I 

jjW’fecf fe feUU" Ufe UfUSF USffeS (FSF 7 ffet ms 
fefe fefe fefeprFSU mS HFSUt tlHd'^U' fem 7 U¥ 
foys^sfemmifesu^'Ad u Fife 1 sfffefecr u sur 
FS SUF ms HHUfetS ufes SU HUUS fefe»F fe 

us ss ysufe ufeuF yu safes u ffem 7 ms feuut 
ufe feu feut SUcT fe HUUS 7 sfe Sfetu ITUS 
dfe»FI 

F. y- >tfS. fe. H 7 . 3 :462 

: ycS'oil UdU mSTFF fed $ AH UUS 
mSc^fefefetfffu^fefef fetsmSUa'fyd fe 
ufet U I feu U fe U 7 Frau ‘>H?FU ut U 7 ' ife 'UUUt >fe 
Ul 

ufefeu S S 7 feuu MS U ut uwfe HHf I? 

quut u ufe ufe uuu uyut usuifet s uufeu ufe 7 1 
feu UEp feu UFHt ut uut ‘UffeF’ U feu UUUl U I 

UtufeU feddj USU FfU feFFU Ut UUt Ut 
ufe»F feu 7 U I feu S uut feFFUt nfe suut feu 
(fefe ^fedfyQftSH ) ut fuu afe us i feu u usust 
feu HSfe FFS ufe- uut utut fdOd'd' feu fSUS 
fdOd 'd HUTS US :- 

(1) UW (Ilaloa) fdQd'd : feu HUU Halos U 
fedfe>>FUffeTU T U T Uy«^ , d 7 Ulfeufe!^U T USUSU 
u yj u u fefeOfHU feu uuuiu yu 7 ut i feu s uuuu 
feu UTUfUFF feu 7 Ul Ou T U T U hM PdGd'd US U 
(US 7 FS feu feu US UUUor ufeu ut fesuusi 



(2) UHUt»F (Chloia) fe'Gd'd : feu UUIU UU 

uus u 7 fdQd'd uu fe uus ys u yy feu nsfesu 
feu 7 ut I ‘ USUtFF , S U ‘ ufeFFUS’ I 

( 3 ) UUtaufeF ( Procrosia ) fdQd'd : feu feu UU 
UUS US fe UU?F utst feut ut I feu UW feu feUU 

K K 

S ufufe oftst feut ut I HWU U fe feu fsQ'U'd USUI 
U HUtS feu HTUfeUF feu 7 ut I 

(4 ) HWUtutM 7 (Thalysia) fefuu: feu fdQdk 
UU feu feu ufefeF Quus USUU US feu hTUfeUf 
feUrfel 

(5) tuuffe’H 7 (Thesmophoria) : feu FfUS 7 U 
fdQd'd fe felU S feu U Ufe ffet H7Ffe»F feU 7 fe I 

(6) ufeutfe’H 7 (Skirophoria) fdQd'd : tfe 
urautuf 7 U HU feu US'fe'VF feu 7 fe I 

fefezu u 7 uufe u 7 uy yu u >hs uu uufe ffe 
u 7 uw fuu 7 yu 7 fe 1 cfet uur feu tirfeFF fe hututc 
stu ust fefe feu feut yfe fe, uu Crus usfe mu 
uut ufe feufe fe must sufe ss utfe s ufe sua 
mfeutfei 

U. y - fe. H 7 . 3 : 456 ; W 7 . >HH. 8 : 636 

SMddlfefe : feu ufe UUt fe. y. U >fe fet 
gsuu u 7 Qslf hsufu 7 fei ysss mfeufe u uuu 
msuu feu feu ufsm 7 yufferFdM'd'd fe feQfe ffe 
mfeu uufe ms uuuuu ys muu 7 fe ms feu fe; 
mus yd 1 feu yu yu fuu 7 fe i feu u 7 ufufem 7 1 
uuss Crfeus u 7 usTfem 7 ufem 7 ys uu u sus f 
feu fe HUS USW Utfe fe I feu U 7 KU'US 7 feu Ufef 
ufufe u ys 7 s uufesu yu us ufe ysmfe 
c?dfe«'H TUS uts 7 Ufe fe I 5USSU fefesuss 
u 7 feuu uts 7 u Qu stut uut s ufufe gsfet fufe 
us 7 feu fun suf fusut i ufe uut su iy s 1 ol ys us 
s uuuifsu yu sut fus 7 ufe fe i feufefemu u 7 uu 
msfetms >fefeFfeu u fusfeu 7 s fuu yu 7 ui 

F. y - fe. H 7 . 7 ■ 214 ; >M?7. fe. m. 3 456 

¥t>Mwr : feu uftfet uut feu ufem 7 y 6 m 
u 7 feu Ofe 7 UFUTr^fet fe i yium uu - feu feor u77of 
yuu fei feu Qife ftsfes 7 feu fe fufe s au fet 
umfe cpfedjtt 1 , 77fu ms tuufems utuf ststm 
Qs sufe UZ uut I feu UUS 66 fe. fW?ifUSfeU2 
gsua feu UU f?)5FS S SU fus 7 1 fife tuufetms F 
d'u mss feu uuu uu Odd m'fem 7 ms uuuujc 
feyu fsysu u $ uuu uau 7 feu 7 1 

U. y - >>te. fe. m. 3 : 465 ; ms. mvl. 8 : 638 

ofllddl, fdtldoJ : feumUfUUm'ddlcS^Ud ufe 
HdildoPd U 7 USU S. 1580 fe. feu UU feu fefeU 7 




131 



feu - RUT UFU PfRR UF (Vocal) FFTtu UfeR UFU 
uftfeFfePFlUR 1619feufeURPfRUfFUUUFTtu 
Ut fedldl RUt PfU 1612 St. fed fefeRt U 7 t!d 1 odd 1 , 
fei 1617 fee- feu uuru u feu uruu u 7 
PdddlO^ 'idol feyud Ffepf 7 I feU UdRH UfeR U 7 
PfU dl'fed ?t feU 7 " Fff I feHU Hdlld 

feaut au u u T Pfu uu efefeu feu 7 1 feu utpf 7 fed 1 

feU si 1-16 , H 1 H-Hdlld , lild-dfld PfU UFU HdUd PUfU" 
JiFVTF^ U77 I 

22 UUU, 1630 £ feH § RUR fetf UgRrfepf 7 
felPf 7 I 



F. y- PR. fe H 7 . 3 : 480 

sll dl c< « 5TH Ph O f 1 " (Dirichlet Problem) : feu 

R UFUtPfR fad'd ut ufd«1 Ufe 7 UR BUfepf 7 (First 
Boundary Value Problem Of Potential Theory) fet fed 1 
iTU 7 U I dlfed feu feu Uafepf 7 oTF Pffeu fsi dd at PfR 
UHtUFR 7 §- WddUU PfU US' UFU ut U feFUtPT UOf, 
fertttl PfU tfe' U fed'd U PffepR U GdUR UUfpf 7 
FR I FF HF feu feu UUfepf 7 atU 7 U RR RR RfePf 7 
dfetPf 7 ' fifRUtPf 7 U feu feUU fUF HUUU UniHUU t3- 
^fe>H 7 UUFU^felfeWU>)feFR1WU r 3 7 WU3 7 - 
feu Pffeu fsTUUUfefR UHfUFR, feu R RBfRU 
uuterau ufeu fr , £ huu? ufu 7 u i feu aufepr feu 
fef feu uuu §u Ciu 7 u uu §u feu feuu u wu 
UU UR feu UafUR fefe feu fUU 7 W fopf 7 ufe 7 u 
uu uu fe uf feg u uwr ufeu ?u f ufei feu 

UFU feu U^'H '6 (Poisson) UUfUFR UUUF dul U 1 
dldlcR aufePF R feuu U fefe feu FF URFR 
UUUfeu UUF (Connected region) feu feu cfet feu R 7 
UU UUU Ut UR Ufe 7 U 7 UUU 7 " U HUFU fe ufe 7 U 

rr rr uun-pu feu ife 7 ug 7 ufu u# i 

F. y.-PlR. fe. H 7 . 3 : 570 



fel dl o( tt f>f U 1 d (Dirichlet Principle) 

fuufuu feURUR feu feutUR feutUR PfRUU ututUR 
aufrPH 7 R UR UFU UFU UUFR u, H fu feafFU UR 
feU feU UU iPM UUU-UUF (domain ) Q. UUTU MU 
utu 7 dn U feu UU feFUF ?FTUfeu-UR UR tuau f 
^HU 

J Q §F u = f 

feu U d'dafcSof 

UU, feufUR feFFiFR 



Hi 



du_ 

dx 



du 

Ty 



\dxdy 



R sTF 7 " UFU 7 U I 

F. U.-PlF. fe. K 7 . 3 : 569 



FtR 

W\ dl o( (M rtdl (Dirichlet Series) : fuufFU 

feafedu d feu 

CO 

n=l 

UFFTf UUf Wt Rfe fedtUR Rfe PWufeuf U, UFU feu 
u fu feu feu FTcfeu a p fuafeu UfUPPfe" PfU UUU 

~ PfU X UfUHU 

n •« 

lim ?\, n ~oo 

0 A j A 2 ft — ^ 00 

R auau UF77 URfPU uurufeu fefeufe- UUlPU 
UUtutPUURI 

F. y.-PTF. fe. H 7 . 3 : 570 

c/1 d c< , IFfF ^Jl^dlcS H fdH (Dirac, P.A.M) : 

upffeu uufeuu u 7 ufe au mu auR uft ur ufsr 

UFU #feu fefFPUR U FUF feUHUR UFTUR ufeu 
^R, feu.futrfeu ufeu fefFPUfef U 7 URU 8 P1FTUU, 
1902 at. §" feUFR (Bristol) feFIRU feu ufepf 7 feu 
R 1933 ^f. U 7 Ufeu fefePUR U 7 RUR' UFUUU 
feufeR UFfeUF (Erwin Schrodinger) ?TR Ufe 7 " ufe 7 1 
feu r feuFR gufeufauf u ferffeMFUT fe ugfef 
sffef PfU HFIF tfeu fefelPUR U 7 PffaPTR UFR 7 FF 
UF feU 7 ! HFTFRf Uffet ffe feufRMFFT U 7 HUU 

UsTU fepf 7 1 feu R UU fFU gEfedfedl u ut.plu.ut. 
UFR Guuu ^U ut U^'OF 1 PUFU UF feU 7- PfU 1932 
uf. feu feu fe fUUlPfR OtuF PfU uuufeuu 
(Lucasian Professor of Mathematics) Uf PUUfef RFt 

feguuf FFfef 1 

UR 1926 feu UU feu pfe FTFgFUR Ft UFU 7 
at, feu R ufeu fefdTPPR g UfeRt UFU^UFR UR 
UPffeU UUfRUU Ut HRfUU U 7 UU 7 RFFU fefet I HFTF 
feU R feU feufe UU. Ufepf, ffldF' feRcTUR Uft/R 
Pffe HUR UR UfefeR Ut FU Ufe ufetrufet UFU 7 ut I 
feU R fefcTFR U UPffeU fH Ufe U 7 PfFTFT Ufe 7 1 feu 
UFVft-UtFU UFfeufeUU U 7 Ufe Fife Ut feU PfRUU 
feu fefUU U feu-UFRR UR 7 (ftfe feRURR, UFR 
Pffe fRfeUR) feu UPffeU- HcRtoTR feofH'dd 1 FUt F, 
ftTU U'd6 feu U UU UR 7 U 7 fUU fe)HH UPffeU 
HURtUR PfUUU 7 feU FR 7 PfURU F (feuW Rfe UU 
UPffeU aufeufeuu)l feu R 1939 fe. feu fIur 
W fefe U 7 H3R FfeR fefe 7 1 

F. y.-PtR. fe. H 7 . 3 : 568 

: feF UURU UfetR UfetRU fURUUFfea 
(Pinus sylvestris) PfU RUU UUFU ftfet Safe U UUfU 
FR URt RUfet U 7 PPU R 7 F I fe^ 7 feu ufilRt R ufet 
U 7 RR UtR PfU gut §" fuut UtR U 7 ?! 7 Ut feu 7 UFU 7 
F lUURU UfetR fe- ffeut fepfU 7 UFTt FUt F I 

f. y.-Pte. If. 7 : 126 




132 



gteH, WU UU 7 (Sante 

sifts H, WZ irJT ^ 3 >F?) : uaH77t e fen 

cf'd^te dH' fed: — Hd l^> 1 1 csl te r-lcVT 23 i-lfWdl , 1876 
§■ UMHHUT afew I fen 77 1950 te. te dtefeu- 
fefcfTWS te SHUT UdHoed o(dd MMdd < 5 '« 377 U 
si'HfelcS HH«H<± tea UK of 377 U fir? teT una cftar I 

fen u uafov> lUTrfeafnte feu Mfnz feua aa 

3 nrfete-fefaTW ?7 te MfUW 7 after I otef WteHtW 
fte tef 5 TH 77 H 31 U fen f 1916 te. feu offer 

MtsfeafHdl 77 anrfetefeferwa te ulna ate fete 1- 1 
Fte 1945 fenfenutnaWUMHafenufewi 

m 1906 feu ferr ?t nan at ufnu wf 
fef 3 WUfe 7 UteHU 50 HU 77 HU-WfenfetZ te HW'feof 
wsartezfetz (C 3 0 2 ) te Uri cftet mu feu te 

dH'fefciU H<i dd M U djd : 1 tT r Ud 1 tefeMr I d'd^l 

feteteMU te gau crau fen a gate afetftea gua 
>H T ddtfcS 5 r tedTte U MUW feu jte)iTT 5 ' U §F 
U 3 Kte°f^ teWUgTtTTUa oiddW offer tea gW U 3 T 
?fenn feu te hu a Haagyaa ter dfeltes humus 
7377 UUUU nt, fan feu dfettete, tea-Ufan 30 UH 77 

uirfur gte uraaffecT uuau 1 ' (fate far 1, 3 
faQd'dulaltS') te gate arte urauftecr uteate u 
HHMHS Mat §17 aUTte fed aftut 3 fet Ut fadfaMr 
irua §ute te uratet aw §u fete utetefef u ?7 i 
feu uar 1928 at. feu fen u felteMate arau wasa 
te hu fed 1 ' 77317 fedfuu afew mu fen £ sfaau 
MMza farfaw fter tete ai 

fete 77 fyfd'teafete te fen u waaoteTa 
fefnite te Hfetofte ^fefette uaaftte Haw teteatte 
jfefer mu fete 77 lte * .3% fe *75 1 7777 fete fe fete 
fen yua afefaa u few ute ultenfetea u Hnaate 
te yat ate irua fetati fete n nfeu uin - uua 
JHfterwrJatfe^sraTTTTteunrnsfteiHanteu 
te au te au »te ?ua teu tenfea ?n ate 50377 
feftefte unc tete §te arate feu autte aufer ft# 
feratte aftfeu ur^aifteriu feu autua a? 7 1 Mfetnuate 
^aafete H'U'dT) srfetnlte utetnafetenu (naafeate) 
77^7 fear anfana anu yu' 6 'atte a ?7 »te ufefetn 
ferante fena na n uanrfter ^nuteu feu anfeu 
nteifwai 

7 vruu, 1954 u cfte feu fen ut hu a afet 1 

a. U'.-^fn. fe. 7 : 395 ; ^t? 7 . fe. H 1 ". 3 : 537 

stefer : feu anufeteteante (Lampridi- 
formes) U 33 T, dcflUdddl (Trachipteridae) Ute ute 
UoftUddH (Trachipterus) 5 H ' dl tfluF HH'd feurfet 

nnuat ifetur 377, feaufer 400 nt. usr te furfet 3 1 
teua §ua at ferateur a? 7 1 

dual n?) 2.5 nt. tefete fe^ ffefer te nata 
auar u ufepte 3 1 feuftete afete, fna ete, ya uur 



3 uu tetea au a? 7 1 fete te ftfe uate nut fife ate 
tete a 1 uate (n afe te) ufenfeu arau feu ate a 
Cfeaate uau sfa ga au aui 

j. y -nte. fe. u. 3 : 413 

Ff. fte Htea, te'Mdd fTte ; fen Udd'TTfel 

sfet §■ PTTteTona te U77n 25 Wte, 1873 §■ tu fea 
teaaan feu ufew i fen n nu ma nua, au?7 u 
fefteH 1- iruu cftet i ns 1890 te 1908 ter feu teas 
feu urate urviatuTi Hafea - teite u uaua feu uaa3 
feu 1- 1 fen te nu te ufetet au?r ‘fenna’ nt n 189! 
feu ‘te uuu’ feu gut i fetead anu’ sotelra te as 
fen te ufetet feteu ‘Hfem nau ufefe7uuu , 1907 
feu 050 HU ate I n?7 1 908 feu H3te77fefr HdoO'd 7 
fen te §^t feat arafe fete urte fea 100 ute nw77 
u?7n77 u te nasoa te fen te H T fear aarfete sftte i 

fen te ufete Tirgu ‘utet aafeu’ 1904 fet 
sfu»r mu fen te ynuar ‘ufenu’ 1906 feu soft 
fen fete ufew yfe y i^.di 1 nte ward'd > >rufaite= 
ftetetw 5ra r tew, srfetete a tttuu gu i fen tew u 
dus r te fea ‘■te Htefewa wu a feaat? ; ( 1921 ) 
‘fen tew, teama tew’ ( 1937 ) ; ‘Ante tea mu 
ufeHfe (1938) ; ted ted, fen atena ( 1939 ) ufen 
tea nufteH77U ( 1940 ) ; ‘n?fe tea sun’ ( 1941 ) 
teurrfea ufena’ ( 1942 ) ; ‘nu’ ( 1943 ) ; ‘unufte 
djtena tea gafnn’ ( 1944 ) ; ‘te uafeaT arau 

(1945) ; ‘te trgwa’ (1946) W fe ?7g75t fed'lAs 

( 1 953 ) wfe - hmu aa 1 fea wute aute feu wffe 

gtetea 77 Ute 5 ra 77 te Hnaw TOte nt I 577 1948 ffe 

fen t ‘ufetew wu waa’ »ra 1953 feu ‘waa 
tea nfaa’ sna n?7H T f?7W ferw 1 

22 U77, 1956 feu fen nanuut feed's te n 
feauHnn feu afeteaun feu ate 1 

a. U— W7. fe. Hr. 3 : 441; >H?7. Wf. 8 : 606 

< 56 1 3 TJ, Hfet : ofrtsS 1 te fenfeuft tefute < 
UTTH 15 rT77gte, 1885 S Waafe feu fpiftealu 

feu afewi fen a teteu u teytu fen uffeu u 

Wdfe'd ?7rga fuu Ma 1925 a 1950 te, tfer?7 fe 

§feft state utet i fen u fete fedd'd 1 te ste nte 
77te ngua anr Ma nau feu guauurTa aterfen 
ufate HUtete 'Jalna' (1927) U gUU 77U7 UOfa te 
H77 1935 feu fen TTTgU §fe fucrua te utet i fen 
fetegr is aa ynaar feu fen a teyfe §ar ufetea 
ioo nur te gate fete a i fen 77 teuw 5 
Ud'telw, H.dddte, 77^51 W Hgteg77t ‘fdfdVdT 

ufenr’ ( 1 957 ) ura ttust te fete 1 

12 nufet, 1962 a aate feu fen te na a an 

3. U.-^77. fa. Hr. 3 : 443; §U. UHte. 6 : 159 




133 



oflttl'HH, 6 5>fd0( : for yd3'7?l HdlfecCd d 7 
ddd 29 dTTgfet, 1862 £ Wdcrfdd fed Hafeds: feu 
dfdW I rtsic5 3 1 fefedJT ITUS' o(d6 Hdld c(8 FTH" ttfl 
(fed WUd fud 7 dt Odd feu ctd o(dU' fdd' I HcS 1884 
fedfeddtt'fdsO W few I HdldfdW d to fed Ud 
Ud7 d 7> 1 ft cVft H-TUd 1 ^'6 HIT feH77 Hd H 3 feud 
fed ttdl 1 fewi H77 1886 feu) fed" tf 'dlufdU W 
few >H3 ft feH ddftd fefdWd - fed FTHW d fewi 
feH Fid dddd fed fed" Ufed fed IT U dfedf HOT flW 
W? 1901 fed fdddoTd dKU 7 dd?7 TTHd few 

UdU'Gd d uw feu trar-HH-wfHdT feu ?d few I 
fen d dftd 7 , ftfew WT WdUddd 7 ddftd §■ fedd 
c(do( dddcft fed H3' 'UHU Ul3 r few I H77 FF?7 tit 
fdd Hdld fed 7f UlHddl d few Uf3 UT3 fet) fed 
dtW W dt dd?# U3d d dfetl fed ?t fed 77 foUd 
Uffecr .cAydl dt Hd'feU 1 tTH" Hdllu dU<V dfet ddt I 
fed 1929 fed fed £ UU77tW7 W W?7d dt futt 
?T T 77F?77d T f7WfdWI 

fen d HdTfer-lTZ W7 Ud ddftd dU<5fe Ufd fet 
Ud utdtw FFdtW 077 I fe?f fed ‘§?d dt fedd UTF 
Ud ufe (1895) . «W ffet ‘dddd dUd#td’ 
(1908, 1916) W7 'HHd ?7fetd W?7 dt fe?d’ (1912) 
HH-Rd 077 1 

• 10 B77, 1934 §■ ddfe fed dtd-W-tfedT feu 
fed dt Hd d did! I 

y. y.->Hd. >HV!\ 8 : 623; >>id. fe.H 7 . 3 : 449; dd. ^fe. 
6 : 173 

^twte HHfFUT : fed Fldfew fe uid 1 d 7 
ddfetUd77 fet Ufdd Old! fed M*'7>1 dlfed'id 1 ^ 1 
dtW dddd UKT 7T 7 d FTdftW Fldfew? 7 fed 1 fed d 
ftTd d 7 ddU fed fed dt W3 d ddTd W feu* d 7 Ufd 
Hd'O'd ddd d I fed ddfeW d 7T 7 dfe ftlsfed fed dfe’ 
dfer rtdld'dl 430 Ht. U. dtlTd ifedl Id dfet Hid 
fed" dldt Ul'^'U ?7 dfedfelTT^ fe fed dfTd fudl fef 
ddd 1- Uf^Unddd ddd 1 77dT T d 3" ddfe" HffeSTT dt fed 
?7fet ddd T 77dT T d ddfei dfe dd fed UHdl ^ U r dd r 
dtdTI fed HdfrW J 077 cfd77 Sdt Hdd dfe ^UJ 

dlfedfedfe - fe dd dfeT | 

d. y.-^d. fe. H r . 3 : 448 

sHmIuT : fed nffet^Tfer d RTF d 1- fed 
U 1 ul * Ouh^ Fit ftHUrf 1 y c8'*l d?d UfUB' d dTTddd 
fed dfed feu dd ddd H77 r feuT fedr dt I ddTTd 3d 
3 fed fe UfUddtW fedF ltd dtl m'gtGdtor dt 
ddfetdd ddd Bftdd Ufe ITd" TTRd fed fdd? dt 
Hd33 T ?t Ufe gfet Ud 426 dt. U. dfet fdddd TTd?" 
5d?7d d do T fe fed §" Hd - HcTO<i 1 dy c(1d‘ I 

U. U- >?t7r. fe. VF. 3 : 447 



3d] , fetHP77 

o/I^'aIm 1 : fed fedToT W feel dfdd d ftW 
d .did 1 dfe 160 fee. dt.du^few dd^ dtdUT dt fdfd 

U 

ddT d fd?T 3 1 dfe 80 fe. dt. dd^-Udd 
^fedUT dHf 3 Hdld'd ddd ddoT 3 fed 3 W dfeUF 
dfew d I dfdW d dfe ctfewffel ^rfew fed dtdd 
d 1- ?Ud tdFT dfdW d Ud §Ud ?few dfew dl 
fed W Ufet ?7 Tdfe 1 fddo( r Fit 1 

fed dtw fed T 33 + fed - Uf 3 dlfe dtW ddtw 
OdtW 07 y.dlU'U ddoT 3 1 fo( W Ud oddd 

fed dfdd v ‘ ddt 7 o (3 3 1 effet HU 33 1 d I 

U. y.->>i : fe. 7 : 520 

fetfefe, dt^td^ : fed dGT5T3 ddT Wfdfed 

d 1- gufet cTfd d 1 " fed? 1 ?! dt fed 7> dfetu d fefeddT 

dUdt ddt UddeT feulW I fed d 7- d 77 d 25 dddd, 
1828 t ddddfed ddT fed dddddd feu dfew I ?U. 
?U WfdW fed fdfedj dfed Hdld 1849 fed fed 
feQM'dU dfdd d feU dddd Sdra - ddifdd U'dd d 77 
ud ud ?7 ffer few 1 fed d fersw grid d ud fed 
ddt fdJTddUt f 5 dt 1 d 77 1864 fed fed ?7 gufet HdUt 
feUdTddcrtdTl 

dHdd d^dd dt dd life fed WU dUd d 1 " IddoT 
d^ few I gUfet d U 3 d fed Udd ?TT dfewi d ?7 
1883 fed fed 77 Odd W 7 d HdW U £ fet§td W. fet 
fedt Ufe UUeft’ dU fdeT 1 fetfe 77 t ‘dldfetw UWd’ d" 
ddt dt ! fed cfefe dH 1 dd 3 dfetW Uddfe dt dUd 7 T 
eftfet dlfet 1 fed gnjoT d 3 d 3 fed HWdd d T UTTodd 
Fit Ud fed fet fed fe fddtT 77 T 3 ddr orfdodd ? 7 dt fUTF rT 
dddd 

gUfet dt UTT 7377 ddU 3 fed 3 fed? 3 T Ud? 7 , 
ddJ7 »T3 dUdd Uddfe fefelWI fed dtW UHU 
dd77fe fed ‘dt Udfed W dfetUdTdt (1900-04) ; 
‘dt fe?7#77d77 W tyfedl’ (1876), Wf ‘f^dddd 
U#dfe77 Ufe d T Udfed - dddd fefdtW Ufe 
T^d?dU , (1888) FFdW U77 1 

16 ddgfet, 1914 f fefw dfed feu fed W 
ddfedfeWI 

d. y .— nlTT. >HH. 9:41; ^ld. fe H 1 ". 3 : 504 

^ 3 T, T^TTr : fed fedr dd feint oC 57 d'* 
dfew d ftlUrf ' WUd" dd d 7 ” dd 3 dt ^fetufet Ufeeft 
fedWVT dfdW fed 7 dft I fed d 7 d? 7 d 4 ddgdt, 
1859 fet. §■ dtdd fed feyd* feu dfeWI fed fe 
ddd gTTfedfefet 3 1 Wn\ dt fedldt UU 3 fetfet >H 3 
1883 fet. fed 5 T (Caen) feu dW toTTfet fed utdd 
feyU 3 d feW! d ?7 1886 fed fed fed dd# feu dt 
TdUf loTSfet d 7 #fe d^ few I Wife dfe ?7 d Uf 3 W 
Fid 3 oT fed fed Ud 3 fed 7 ! fed ddd'd UffeWUU’ Hf 3 
dfeUTTdT oTpt d 7 fedddd fe d S 7 # fed cT 5 ? 7 - 
d T ddf? 7 dr ?d ddF 3 UfdU dfew I fed # 5 T ^77 d 




IH3T 



134 



upugftrre imp ft' ft ftre repfrenp fep feu 1 re wro 

o (1 d' tp HOT fSoT PH 'HU U'il P f-HH fetd HHHTeT 

dl 6 UU <5 ret sf'gcV ferepreplfeprefep'd fere PPT ret 

OT c( fcTl HUHtW P HfET TP pt ffclH o(tt Ijj sf h d 1 P ftp 
HdcCd' PHPTftft reefer reftf IW P 7 TI prftre PPPt 
for reftP regt UPdoT PPcT HPHgUPre HftftP TFreftP 
pre ftfer ‘oth fere ret KW 7 i pzz’ i 

fepretPP 18 rePPP, 1928 ft HP# fep PPt I 

p. y.-ft?r. ft. 7 : 74 i ; ftp. ft. vr. 3 : 695 

SD-ToP' : Gfed-UPPi scdd fere fyo'd grer re fen 
Pt ?P ft fro- m PreP-HPAT P fedd 1 HP 5 #»P ft ygP 
gH HdTddl glftP TP c(Gd P I fefci sCdlrtUP 
yftfedfHdt cS 1 (S6 HH fUd feo( ocmh Prefe-Td P I fep 
fere are fere pp 1 r ygfe pgrerefet ftft ft ftp ft 
HPPP P I P 7 T 1769 ft HZ' OT?F fere for §■ ‘gH PAP’ 
re repp ffttpfepp few pi pre 1795 fere fer re 
rei 1 hup fere fkre fepp feftp i fer 1855 ftrefepre 1- 
re reire re fHre nt 1 H 7 i 1855 fee - fej fere urerre 
fare re ppp-hpat pt up fug fer renre §u-fare re 
preg-prew fepn pre 1903 re fere feftpuregt reftftp 
pi 

PPWt- 38,096 ( 1991 ) 

24 ° 16 ' ft. fere. ; 87 ° 15 ' U. HP. 

P. y.-ftre. ft. re. 4 : 269 

ig>ffJH r : fer repre ft wpat pat ft fereggre^ 
fa^referrerp-pi repr-Oreftdi re fer ufer rere p i 
fere re upw fere fere reftp ftt uferere renrere re 
w fere fere re ureft fere urep reret rerefture retftt gfet 
pi 

wrfet - 15,121 ( 1991 ) 

27 ° 34 ' ft. fere. ; 95 ° 35 ' U. HH. 

P. U.-fift. 3 T. ftp. 11 : 377 ; ft. ft. t. 5 : 252 

sTcPP : fepfture-ygrefgpfe rerefewpfHdre 
ftd-Aireup (Ilautes Alpcs) fePPPHfe fere athup 
upfe fture retwrepre refeft frerererp p i Apuft pre re 
fture-ugp ftt fere fere 304 fe. wt. re ufe reft rerere 
fufe 'pfetrerere re 3 ftr-ret. reure-ugre fere fere pip 
reftrer crere fere rere pi rerep >nre reftrere reifep fere 
t^w fer gprp rere pre 1 rere rei fere re rere reret ft rere 
fere fere fere refepreffefe rerM^refefei prefe 
pi refe pp rererfe re »rufe fere rerere re fep ferr 
wfefer >nre uudlnlfe refefep fere feu re uPHrere re 
ppre-reurre lyrere 1- p i fereure re 1- §re feuw fere 
§re (Buech) rere 7 fere ?rere ferere 1- pi gprere refeup 
7 Pre ferere fulr §re f pre »fe rere^re (Vauciuse) 
ffeppprefe fe ure rere p<^ refew ?rere ferere hhI ugvr 



fere gfrere p i fefe fpfe re fere refep rep'fere rereftp 
fejp ure- ft rife yiHd 11 ?' pfe rere-rerere nrefe ferere r 
ufet fret ret frereftt rest gpfrepp refe 1- re 1 

43° 55' fe. fere.; 4° 44' U. HP. 

P. y.-^ift. ft. )P. 4 : 286 ; WT. fef. 9 :485 

§^do(&l : fere rere pfre rererei Pirepfe 1 " fere ferere 
refet, refefe (Cebidae) rere re 1- repirei refep p i fere re - 
ufet fefpTPPtpre fe pfepfe fefeppfere (Aotcs 
piurgatus) p i prer re reu rerere repre fere ft pfrere-refep 
tp §fe-refep ret reftre pre i 

fep refep rerepfere 25-50 re. ret. fep felt 
rePTPPT fereftt pt feft fere ret yg pret p 1 ferere 1- fep 
ptre, rere gp re gp remfet, ttpu re fp tp reftret fer ret 
pret pi fere ret trre ug'ct fere reftp greftp gfeftp, 
utre-fep pp ddi reftp fep pre ftTre 1- re reppft fep 
fftipre pre Pre p-rre fep frerrere frere gift ppt reftp 
ufeftp ft gu oTpre pre 1 

fefe yfed'' fe - ppgrer regre §fet pret ft 1 repitfe 
fefe ufe fere fep lip gp ufegfe fere gftre pre 1 
d'd ft fep yprer fe sew fere frererere rere 1 fere - re 1- hu 
pfppp fttre nreft, rere prre gft gz Tpregp pre 1 rere re 
reuftrfe re repure 1- fefe pftret fe re fep ufet ret rere 
ypt repre pre 1 pph rep re fep fere pt pre ft reren fere 
prei 

P. y.-fel. ft. IT. 3 : 726 

^re refftw : Gfept pure »rre uprepra re'Kre re 
ggr refepp p ferere 1 ' nure re ftpftp fere re few ft 
ftpftftp uppre 1- fere fftrere re trefftrereftp urere ft pp 
repre 770 fe. nt. re 7 hpp repre fupre upreprre re 
§upp refep ftft ftp Hd'H’did fere tp fftPTre 1- pi 110 
fe. nt. re urere fere fep nfere w ypreppre fereret pre 
Hrefrefe fep rere 79,096 g. fe. nt. urep rer ttr- 
fftcTH reprer p 1 ferere tpp gfere fere reret Hd'fere 
rrereftp fere ?rere prereftp prei frefe' urep gre ret 
ferere, ffergppp fere fere fere refeftp pre 1 reuret urere 
gre ftfere g^reftp rereftp ftp Hpfegygre pre 1 

pre 1930 re fug fep refenp re 1- ufet fppfet w 
fereret ure 1- repre reret gpfrepp TTfe 1- pi fep refppp re 
pft gfere re ppputp re ferefe fere ftw ret rew pret 
p 1 ppfe re reft Pre frereftp, preftp rezrere repre fep re T 
ppiOT Grew uhot fepp p few p 1 fep repre uddd'nre.' 
fere fep fere gzftp fepreftp fe rere prereftp pre 1 

41° 08' §■. fep.: 8° 40' U. HP. 

P. y.-ftg. >HK. 9 : 315 : ftp. ft. HP 3 : 644 

fW : fep ugpt ftrepreftp ret upu prepppp re 
>xre ppp fswferez ret prea'rel' w fere ufeu pfep re 




frWd r fef fef HdtM TMR dfe UcTHd 7 MlftR fed 7 O' I 
feU - M«a 'feM 3 fed 1 * Hfdd 3 UsTH fed MeJdfe 
M'fecf H'dld 3 H 1 fdrt 3” foiM d I sidH d 7 IFdyot R 7 
MlfffH<5H Ht fnH* 625 fe. U. 3 RdlUdi MtS'cS d 




ftfTdH'yoF ytdH'-j 3%dHfdR‘d 7 Rny 7 

feafed 7 M3 fedd 3 ; ? T feM 7 3 fesr s»rwt 3 au 
fed w? fed 7 ! uffeRfeMfe rut d 7 anaR gin 

fedd dt fel 312 fe. U, IfeR fid fed feRtdtMR 
d 7 sfw ufeM i for fulr aw r feu 
MOId 7 MfUcFcl 3H 7 few 3 far fedd d 7 R 7 stdcflMH 
dU fdd 7 M3 fed feRd HdfeFddT d 7 M3H UdMf 
H3 r flr3 fed 7 fern srafe fan feRtafen fe hr 3 rtt 
HU ddUdR y'ddUFd dfdM I 

dfe dfe fe. tMR fed Miffed RR 7 Rfet fed 
dHRUfefed'HU'feddfeFdfefedlfeldR 449 fed 
fed R^lFdfe defect'd fedd fen fd3 fed 7 fdTM I 
fell dd feM UdfetM 7 ffeFdd 7 M3 dHR 7 3 ofW - 
U3d fafe 3 fefe K33 UR1 H3 481 fed fed 
ulfeR'Tdd wot¥ d 7 add 7 ufeMi ddfet 3 
fdTMdfe dfe 333 dRdFdtM 3 fed W fed 7 3 
add 7 5T3 fRM 7 I HR 1082 fed dW afefecFds* R 7 
3 RTadR dfe 3 ddd fed M 7 fdTM I fed 1185 fe. 
fed fedfe 3 yW 1 !! fefeMd 33, 3ffe dfe 3 Hf 
fed fedfe Ufdd, 1258 fe. fed RVRd 3 fed" 1272 
fe. fed fed fe 3 dfeFTM 7 d 7 Rdt Rdt odd 7 dfeM I 
HR 1 3 3 3 ffe3 fed McS 1 cSl fljTfh-Rdfet TT 7 ^ 3fe 7 >T r f3T>H T 
ltd 1334 fed HddlM 7 UdH3 fed dfdd 3 0 1 <W1 d did) 
frTR 7 3 Mdl'd feRd 3 Mul cS 373 fdTM 7 3 1501 fe. 
fed fed dUd 7 d 7 add 7 d tdPH 7 fiTUd 7 1912 fe. 3d 



of 1 fed fed 7 I fed 1913 fed dRcTR fe Uf<jfe Hdl d'd 
i-F<£ 3 ddo( fey 3W dTd M3 §dH 3 M 1 tl'd 
MddfefeH 7 3f d'^U'cSl d3 d 7 M733 cfd f^d 7 1 MdT3 
dt ^ fed dfd3'3 ffeWdSK 3 gdlft H33 Sdd dHd 7 
oftd 7 1 ufirot 3dT ffed MWfef 7 M3 feddifetM 7 3 

3H3 d3 feF M 7 feM 7 i fed 1920 ffed fed'di^) fed 
fufed ddtM 7 3 7 MU3, 1939 S’ dfet fedTfe (Fascist 
Italy) 3 fdH3 Mdtd 7 JdH^ §3'd3 Hdt fef H3ddFd 
3 fed 3 ^dffeM 7 3 MWldlM 7 J fe UH3 7 I 

MTfefe pfeF tdH^ 3t 33Hd Htf fed 3 fed 
H3ddFd dfet dfet d I fed 1944 fed 3dK?d 3 fed# 
dfe 3fe 333 fed 7 Ud H3 fed'dt 5(d fdfet dfet d Mfe 
fed fey-ldddl fedfe M r f3 Hd3^dd3 ddW 3 fed 
d3 I fey ddddt i-iO'tH 1 3 d 7 dy 7 3, 3>dd, URddfecT 3 
ddfe 3 T d T d 7 3 ae'Qd 3 Qt'Md! dfefed d3 1 

M T d T dl'-86,900 (1991) 

d. U— M3, fe. H 7 . 4 : 296; #5. faf ddr. fed. 

^ddl : 3feT— fedfefed-fefedt Hot dt 5 d 7 ddT d I 
fefed ifer .Udd dMfelw 7 fe dotfecFH, 

3d3 3fd3 M3 tfed WW dtdWH 7 ddT feddt 
ddddt oTdd d3 I fddT dfed fed ddT dt ddTOfet dl 
ddT d 7 fed afed 7 1,19,648 fe. dt. M3 fed ?d 
13,52,156 (1990) dl fed 1562-63 dd^ d¥ 3 
Iftfed 7 Cfddt fefe fed Udd I fed 1823 3 ItfdJd 7 fddT 
M3 fedfe'^ 1 d3d fedtMdl 7 d 7 ^fe 7 fdd 7 d3 M3 
fed fedddddd fed fead'dlM 7 7r r fd77 T 7ddt ddfejd 
ddtM 7 1 fed 1823 fed fdd'd 7 M3 fddT fef fef dt- 
dd3 dTT ddfeid Ud I 1 9fe ddt 3 M3R dffefe 3d 
fef fefffed HdUdl feR'fctMrfed sf'ddl Rod d 7 
HR-ddd 7 fel 

fdfeddTd 7 1,23,181 fe. fe. Ht.dT'Ugdtydd 
tfferr U3W d 7 tdd dl fed3 dtMd 7 t-Fdd 
MfedtfdR fed 7 fed 1 d I Udfe 83d Mdd-dTTd Hdfet 
feR'oC dl fed Kd-lFRd ddd ddfe dfe U3I TftMd 7 
tddd d3d 3 Udfe IFd fed fefe RdPd fedd 7 d fedd 7 
fed d 7 dd 3 ^d 7 dfdM 7 d M3 600 fe. fe. Rd 7 d I 
ddd-dd fe ^dd 7 3 URddlT fed dd 1- fe fddfet d 7 Hd 
ddfe Ud 7 d I EflTd, ddd, dfe, dTUf, fed, ddTfefe 
M3 fR" fed dfdM 7 fe ^fe feM 7 dd ^UdcT UdR 7 
U3J dlQ (S'd'H 3 06« fdd fed R'd6' dldd d 7 tJ3d 
d I fed dTT dferr ^dlddd d 7 lldd d3d d I fed fefe, 
fed , dlUof , dfe, dR 7 , IFd 7 , ddH 7 , dfe 7 Mid 3 dst'd 
UR Ud fefe fe fdfet d 7 fe Ufe 3fe Hf ?fet fed 7 
fdTM I cPTT Mdd 3-dMfet fe dfe Hdrtd d 7 Ud 7 fe 
fcl'ct-QtlMdl fe fecTdt fed daF^d d I 

HSnttd fe R3RR fefe 3 fed-TFdTd fddt ddT f 
fedd-ydd 3 feTR-Ufeft fdH 7 fed IFd ddd dR I fed 
Ud fed TFddT ddT 3 fdfe U3d 3 Md IFd fed 7 d I UR 



136 



IdaT 

mreatyrre aafet hw atm 7 fed re 7 at for are # 

H 0 atm 7 offelm 7 dldl m 7 are I 

TS. U ,->M?r. fa, H 7 . 4 : 287 

c$ddi : Hfcrfe— Qfeidl-ifevrt feaat Hcfela afere 
aa 7 refey a fare a 7 ya 1 " re 7 facfeatm 7 # 
^yyf a - 1 fear ^aref are s’ aast fere faa i90oret. at 
Qfeml fare ai? i a1w aret a areferet mre ure- 
urerre area faa refere & i fere a 7 feaare 7 St at trre- 
yaml wfet at Hreaa a I fail cfaar feo yfod fe<y rea 
fere 7 at rereare wret airere reret a 7 gre aya 7 ai 
marer fea reremre 7 at frere are fare 7 fay wa at 

u — V 

awfet, arurf 1 f^n 1 ? o(dcS , reare atm 7 ala 1 at 
umfedi, refe 7 , arerey m 7 !# fremre aare a 7 are aa 7 fei 
fey m 7 # amfela mfetatm 7 are 7 , rereor a 7 feaa at a i 

fen refey at ww 1563 fe\faa5ftretafetreti 
fey frefe reareta a rea a fefreare fay aare mre 
fem 7 rerey 7 feyyffereaifefe 1856 at. a wataaftret 
reirfUre ai fere refey a re# a aiare ufet a arefem 7 
araoT, .fey fear reyypy at ai fere a re# at redcsw 
dia r a r §"U faofa#>r ^add'Hddl <jaal > na T at a i 

npwt— 2,39,000 (1980) 

24° 02 ' ■§■. faa. ; 104° 40' u. are. 

a. y.->)ta. fa. )7. 4 : 287; ’tta. Wf. 9 : 486 

frife few >>{# wbxTT : faa aa uret ureret 
mHafe 7 a ufey ware rere faa# ‘reaat m 7 ^ 
fe-dwylreHcV are fawa 7 faa ( 1935 - 67 ) farere aaa 
fefreare mre aarere a ufea ferea 7 faa fey afar are 1 
reafe faa a r arere 5 rearea 1885 a regrere are? 
mreyfer a Hreanfere fere at aaafaa cr§at a ©reat 
refey faa afem 7 nt 1 matmw farey rearr 7 prep- 
are 7 tfawrer at, a 1- aprre 10 aat, 1898 a are faa 
yfem 7 ! 

fere a 7 ware aa 1 atare 'fefaaat w at aaa 
laafre’ ( 1 917 ) aua aar w aa 7 a 1 faa at ^at 
uaaar ‘at aM w at fefaaat' ( 1926 ) atm 7 30 
aar 7 a uta a>f faa 2000,000 3 1 atr aajtM 7 faatm 7 
a §a a 7 aa aaa aatm 7 snaa 7 faa maa T a afem 7 1 
feaa feaa 7 faa a ‘ga m# saanpa’, (1967) m 7 ^ 
aa at aua aatm 7 yaaa 7 feyt^H 7 aai aa fea 
f<s&a r 3 a afaa faa taa a 7 ^ aa?r faa u^ 7 faa 7 at 
fbramajatfwfafaMagaj^t^a^Tafra 7 ^ 
5ra fret a fea a 7 a 7 matw aa fom 7 a §a fea atm 7 
fetra 7 faa fa a 7 are faat aat 1 aa 1977 faa fe?a 
aa 7 at aa-?fta7ft fe feQfr mfefefeararet’ faa 
UocfeaMi 

7 ?raaa, 1981 a are arrea faa fea at aa a 
dfeti • 

a. y .— afer. fe. ta. 4 .- 287 



3” ; yaat dd'H a ddfe az tfaa faa fea fea 
faureaPr? a feraa 7 fa afa 2 adare at arefa fre afea 
a 1 fea feyaaaa afeafftmaa a 7 at fesr mfrasttma 
femrea faa aa fefrre 7 a a ma area aa a 7 a 
fefaarea w faa aa feare 7 a a yd fern 7 feim 7 ! 
fea a 7 tfeddfr 5,228 a. fer. nt. ( 2,019 a. Ktfr)ma 
?a 484,828 (1990) ai fea feyaavta faa na?rea, 
ire wired, uferefere ?re a uawt u&$ reri fea 
feyddaa a 7 a 7 fea ut tt 7 a afern 7 fua ftw a 
faaa 7 fer fea fewaafe at reaaret afea, area a 
mre-arere ujare-ufetM 7 faa afaa 7 ai wire 
afem 7 fewaaa at frea-uaat naaa yd'Q're a 
ma faa-uya a aaa-uaa faa 7 faa are ureia 
tflm 7 are aarefere fratm 7 fea a ure ayatm 7 y?r 1 

fea a 7 Hfrrey' are'ma arereat ai famrerea 
fea atre aaa aa 9fet a 1 fire# ferrefemre faa area 
mre srea a re ma aatfem 7 area Oat a 1 fea feare 
a 7 re aaa u?r mre re aufef rerefr 7 aar aa ua a?ri 
fea re few a 1 fea aare aatm 7 areara 7 at a?r 1 fea a 
Haaft few fern 7 faa are aarea, aaatm 7 , are mre aa 
feaa atm 7 are 7 faifetm 7 a+atm 7 arei afearet 
arerefrere faa aare frerea 7 rerere faa argaa urefe 
oaret afarereta) arefem 7 rea 7 a 1 

hh# aa re fea feureaare fear faafet fe rerer at 
a 1 frerearea aw f afet a faa re fa a re#-re# 
afere are 1 fere faa matm 7 arefre, rere a 7 rearere. 
waa area 7 , aare mre aare fremrer aare a farea 
rerefure are 1 fere feiraarea a fre#" fare faa areafere 
tfea-afrefm 7 are'Qd a 7 fea aaa 7 famar reafejre a 
fey reareure 7 at aare facdrere a 1 

a. y.-ittre. fg. 4 : 194 

3 7 Jf r vf?5', H 'did (Duhamel, Georges) : fel 

fea aafefet rerereara ret a mrere fsatare uspfere t 

Paare 7 ‘Vie et aventures de Salavin 5 (5 farea 7 -1920- 
32) mre ‘Chronique des Pasquier’ (10 ftTWa 7 1933- 




reaafmrenr 




44} ffet ufuu & I fefT U 7 rT77K 30 U77, 1884 £ ufuu 
feu UfeM 7 ! UU 1908 feu feF. U fefUTM 7 ?! feu 
feuiat uotu cftut mu 1909 nt. feu feu uwuu w 
H^tHU 3fewi feu utM 7 ffTMU 7 feu feu ut 
fetUTMUT, fdfcTdU 7 MU UUffU feu UUt Ut USor UUt 
U I feu £ MU fe'-UU T cT cftu 7 feu ?7 T 75' feu U 7 fUHUt 
§<F UUU feH'W U felM 7 I Ufefe feu ufeu 7 , 7OT MU 
H'fddd UUUU fWJU 7 Ut I feu £ UHUToT UVT feu HUt 
fuBuuut ut - 1 ufeu fenu gru u uhuv feu £ ufe 7 ffu 

fecr sUoruu ^fe feQfef fedfe I UUT U UUU7 uof few 
HUfeU 7 f feu U MUlfetM 7 UHdci' ‘Vie ties Martyrs’ 
(1917) MU ‘Civilisation’ 1914-1917 (1918) feu 
UUcWMUifeTUt fed'Ucid 1 £ JW77 UtU 7 1 

fey 1920 feHufefferfefoyu fe ut muju 7 feu 7 

yd 1 few I feu £ cfet 6'^tt MU UH'rid U csfdd 
fefefM 7 U fe?7 ut" f5U feu I 

feu feu uu u 7 uuut ut fe nuut ufeMU 7 feu u 

UU UUT 7 U Qh £ HdTtfMU UMd ' d ' dt d 1 U MU 
feMddldld H'dddd 1 feoTfeUTOU" 7 d'dld 1 Ul 

‘Lumierers Sur Mavie’ fe 06 1 feu £ 5 fidrtd 1 
feu URJdl UU iTfecSt Ut fout I did HH'd g<J U Hdld 
feU UUU WfeM 7 feW MU feu fe UUF77, UUcft MU 

fenufetiy uuut uuuou feufer i 

13 W, 1966 £ ufeu U UU uWfe 
(Valinondois) feu feu Ut HU U dlHl I 

tr. y.-wr. fw. i ■. 742 ; wr. fe. h 7 . 3 ; 695 

ciU : Q'ddt UUfe U THU feuUUHU U 7 fecf ufeu 
U fiddd 1 ffey ufeu U §Ut 40 fe. Ht. UUU uu 
WftMU ut UU U 20 fe. ut . UUU-UgU UU £ UUU 7 
uuruu ufeur u uu ffu fefiw ufeM 7 u 1 feu ffufe 
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Ufet, fey U 7 UUUU, femu, UU MU dH'fed fWu 
UUU U o( 'dd 1 6 U77 1 feu frH'VI'd 1 dd MTUtT UU MU Urt 
U?VUcffef(utl 

HU UUT UUU7 feu §"u UUfeUU U cf'Q’fe MU 
UMfU feu Ufet-Ufet, MUT^fer MU UU77 U feQd' U 7 
Mfud'd ffeF I fey 1667 feu 5Ut 14# 1 u feu ufeu 
Qfe MfeoPU cfU frtM 7 MU MUTU H 1 H ut MUU-fU- 

ufeu ut uot Mutu feu £ ufeu fe uu fuu 7 1 feu 1 7 1 0 
MU 1712 ufeu uwuufer uuuu feu ufeu yfe Uf 7 
UW U fuiM 7 MU 1918 fe. feu UUUUUUUU 
feiM 7 1 ufeu mu uu feu?' gu uuuu feu ufeu £ UUU 
c5 d H 1 (S' UUfUM T I 18UtUUt feu feu £ HU U UUUtUU 
UU 7 Ut UUfeUM 1 " fePH 7 1 

MUFUt— 41,576 (1982) 

50° 22’ f. feU.; 3° 04’ U. UU. 

U. y.-WT. fe. H 7 . 3 : 636; MS. Wf. 9 : 272 



jpTfe H'dMfeS ; feu ufeutut fuuuoru U 7 U77H 
28 UWfet, 1987 £ PUUHUtfeu fenufeM 7 ! 

feU UUU WUS" fUUUcTU MU fefe fU 7 WU7 

put u 7 uu 7 ut i feu u ofet uur-uu ufefW ffet 
3TUJU ut HUfe I feu ufef 7 HU ufefe feuu 7 feu ‘UUUU 
MTU Ut M 7 dfeuU U T UU’ ?Ufe fuUU UWT UU I fel 
1911 ufeu £ feffeuu U?7t feu feuu yufefe HU 
sftui HU 1912 feu feu £ ufeu ferffeuu fuuu 
‘fefsr feufeur u ufexufer feuu 2 ’ HufeWi feu 
fuuu U 1913 ut. feu fcSQM'dd feu HcSHcSl MU 7 
oftuti feuuu r MufeuuguuufuuuHufei 

Murcy 10 uuy feu £ ufe mum - fuuu 7fet 
HU T feM 7 MU Mltftu feu feu £ fuuuuuut Ut SU feut 
UU 1920 ut. Uor feu U 7 si'd'fetdH U UUU UU 7 ? Ut I 
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M'UfcSd a(W £ §feu UU77 ffet feoT UTUfeut ufeu 
oftuti 

yu 10 uuy feu ‘ut fuuu uthuh’ ufet fuuu 
uufeu feu ffeF feu 7 UU 1923 ut. feu feu £ MUU 7 
uteufeu 7 ! 

feu feu uu- crawu ?ufy uu fuiM 7 1 fefe- 
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feu ufet feu ufeu fUTM 7 UU sut Ut fufuiW Wu 
UfU fURH 7 MU MHJU 7 y 1 oTi idfecS ^Ud oTdfe QQ ut 
UTtrUfUM 7 1 UU 1955 feu feu UMUU UUT MHUfet 7 U 7 
(S'dlfeoi HUfePH 7 ! 

‘ffefu MU fcfu’ (1909), ‘ufe ftsfu’ (1910), 
‘Ut UU UHMU’ (1910), ‘A'dHciu’ (1911), _‘UU feUT 
HU fey 7 fe (1911), ‘UUUU’ (1911), ‘feu’ 
(1912), ufetufefeu fetfy’ (1913), ‘ feu feuu 
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feu ifefetfy’ (1958) Mfe- feu U WU fuuu 7 fefe" 

g uui feu utM 7 ^uutM 7 feru 7 fufurw 
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UMl M 7 uu I 

2 MUTfUU, 1 968 £ Ofeu U feQldl feu feu 
Ut HU U Ufet I 

U. y.-^U. fe. . 5 : 1078; ^U. Mtf. 9 : 377 

: feu feur yfttu uufetut 

M T Ufe>cr UUMUU 7 Ut I feu U 7 tT?7H 5 ?feHU, 1876 feu 
ufeu feu ufuM 7 1 feu ufury 7 fufyucuu ut feu £ 
M'ufcSd cffyr-few TdQfyyiH’ (u 7 ^ feu feu fuuu 

feWHUt ^fef 7 HUfU U 7 pf uitu W UU UU) 

u 7 ^ - odd 1 1 feu u u uu 7 ^uy femuru uu i feu ffet 
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ut MUJU 7 sI'olHdl U 7 UU 7 SU fuu 7 ! feu UUfetut 
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'Baudelaire' ( 1 9 1 1 ) MU 'Maggy' ( 1 9 1 1 ) U UU feu ut 




138 



fHfe, H t 'S 3 t R¥ T 
W F ZyZ FZI "F 7 Hi feF feHZ’ (1914) TO 

gzfeFfezt wfz diwdT fez zFft HFFt fen Ft to 1- Ft 

fTOUFF 7 Ft TOor F 1 foOw'dU feF t^TOHU feF F 7 
TOfeyf 7 FFH < 1 9 1 4 ) zfet HF feH F 7 FWF F I feH 
Z M-fMHF TOF fez fet fe^feZH F 7 FFT Ff 
oftSF UF felT §" WTff ffez feryrfeF F UfTO 7 Ft UfTO" 
HHF TO fez 7 TOFHF, 1918 Z TOTH fetfeffF 
FFFJ F fePF 7 I 

J. U.-WT. fa. 7 :730 ; Wf. fa. H 7 . 3 : 688 

cJHIh, W 53 W : feF FcFTftHt ? 7 T ZTOT r F Ht 
fro FH?F UfTO 7 FFFttrft HZH §F HTOUfefF F 
FUfe 7 Z UH cTFZ F T ttdl'd'd FFZ oftF 7 I fen" F 7 rTTTH - 
22 FfFIHF, 1733 Z ZFTOF feu Ffehf 7 I 




H 7 dd'FF 7 fHtH 



feF 'UW’ (1769) ‘HTOF (1784) >HF ‘§H?f 
(1792) »FtF feF HFF oPHGFH fez 7 ! fFfet HHHF 7 
ufd^'d ZTO HFU WF Ht >83" FFt FFW Ftfe - cfet 
UsI'^H'ttl FHFtfa 7 F 1 " HcfZZt fed 1 I feH Z yfUF 7 feF 
FfeF foftPH 7 UF oFHTTO Z 7 Ffe^FI feH fife feH F 7 
§TOH HTOUtfaH. F FF r fe > >f 7 TO F few 7 UF feH Z 
fefFTFHt ZFt»F§Ft Ht H feH Z TO fTO F 7 

Hd'd 1 fofa 7 I fen F Wife FUfecT tS'FF Ocdipe Chez 
Admete' (1778) blF 'Abul'ar' ' (1795) feH F HHHHH 
cFFcf HHF FTF FZI uftfet UHFF F MHFF F feH Z 
FFfetHt Mcfevft ffet FfepH 7 fFPF 7 I feH Ffef 7 dZ*fe 
feF feH TO feu Ffe TOFF F UFF ¥t FTO FZ I 

feH Ft HF H'feF 1816 Ft. feF 31 HFF Z 
^dHttH feF FHtl ' 

F. U - MZ. fa. 7 :7 3 1 ; ^7T. fa. H 7 . 3 : 689 

: feF ferot F feZfferfZ Z 7 F fecT 
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HTOZcf FFtzfePF 7 Z TO HF ffet fezfeHf 7 FFF feF 
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Ftro gfer FFt vciccdt ?fet front i 460 Ft. y. 



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TOfHFfero TOfeH 7 F HUFF stfe 7 1 

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Hfet FTO fHd'fFQF »fe WFFH fe feH feFF 
F1SFF FF fwi WFF feF pMw fe TOfe 

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446 Ft. U. feF feF ferot HF yffebl 7 Ffe 

ffefe fez ffe TOfefer nfe ferofer ?ro rot toz 
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few fe HFfe HTOF 7 ?T fefet I 

1 40 fe. y. feF feFFf HF F Ffet I 

J. y.-nfe. ffe H 7 . 4 : 251 

|TO, HftfeK- y <5 lT T fK?j'->>f T W : feH 

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fedl'd' >HF feZ 7 F feW'F Hfe few FFT TOT 7 >HF 
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TOF 7 feF UfTO 7 fefdidffet Ht I feHZ Duchenne's trocar 
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FI “Dc L’Hleclrisation localisee” (1855) >FF “Physio- 
logic dcs mouvements” (1867) feH Ffef 7 ufttu feUF 7 
F77 1 

15 HFHF, 1875 fe ufFH fey feH Ft HF F Ffet I 

F. y.-W7. fe. H 7 . 3 : 688 

yPHH, Frf ffefmrfetcH : feF FFfe Ft fefe 
UFH UFW MF fefeft fefferF HTHFfe fe fro F 7 roH 
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feF feH Z TOH feF HF F UfTO 7 ‘HUfdF JW ; 
TOfez HFUF oftF 7 ! TO 1818 feF feF UF H del of 7 




139 



f 5THJ, TOH f ?M, frlfg- 



fVmtfmjt B USK gB 3TFt I HB WBH fey- 
fcf B feel HBB H5TB HfoM 7 MB BBtl Bt Hdlsidl 

fRfw'-HHy | cefyH od dl i far b h d id for £ gy gy 
Hg 7 b cfet bb BBtnyfet b HojHr yiy i 

feH3^ygt d'dddl bfb travr uw ^rent srent 

fej Hlw d fu<± Adi UHt I MHJdl ^HB B 7 Mill d A 1 
W tld’o) 1 fdH B fedd! d'H fyd KZ d 'd AH f%tf 

1 

18 tS^yd , 1852 B HB td 'dAH ffey feH Bt KB B 
diet fuff fen nt sbb f%H bbb HBrfeM 7 BfeM 7 bi 
fen B 7 UBH 1 7 BgHB £ HBfeM 7 FPB 7 B I 

y. y— MB. fy. K r . 3 : 6H9 

^"ERHTT, § St -H r dl 1 rtl M (Duchesne, 

Louis-Maria-Oliver) : feB tFBHB BBfetFft 

HHB dufed fefdd'HcHd Htl feH B 7 HBH 13 HBHB, 
1843 B BHTT fefB HB HB? 7 ffey OfeM 7 I feH B BH B 
ufeH f%B fafflM 7 UW offBt I BH fgB for B WBtUB 
Bt fafUM 7 WBt MB 1867 Bt. fgB feH Bt IFBHtUB 
§B fcSMddl tfet I 1877 Bt. fgB feB OfBH B ciBfttd 
fcwtfBfB f%B fyfdBH B 7 utHB HB felM 7 ! feH 
fOTBfeBMffeFSHHyA'feM 7 ^^^^ 1 UW 
oTBB SBt HBt BU fgH ferfeWBaT BBT FB^I cftB 7 I fetf 
Bt 1881 Bt. f?B fed B feef fe fdtj'Hcf B u'dfKcr 
Bfgff MBB oftB 1- 1 feH B BHIB 7 Bt HBB MHSBB 7 BHt 
Hi" I H77 1895 B fug feH B BH ffey BBB HdA fgB 
HBB fdrtBHUt Adi MB fengi 'Ecole Francaisc' B 7 
3 T feBcTBB HB'feM 7 fBlM 7 I MWt HB 3 oT fBB feB 
MBB B fdd 1 I 

HB 1910 feB feH 5” SBBT Bt M3B>it BBt HBB 
BfeM 7 felM 7 1 feH bIm 7 BB7BB 7 'Liber Pontificalis (2 
fBWB 7 ) (1886-92) MB 'Autonomies ccclcsiastiqucs : 
egliscs scparccs' (1896) BBI fdH Hdidrtl UHBB fBB 
feB B BB' r <5t MB Mdlfild* BBB 7 Bf §BBBt BB 
?BBB BtB 7 B I ‘MBBt fdHBBt M^B f^THBlMB’ BtM 7 
fBB frTBB 7 fdH B BB BB MB BBt fiddB fBH B HBB 
fU^Lol'fHd BBtHtl 

21 MUB, 1922 §" BK fBB fHH B 7 BB^B B 
fBPH 7 I 

B. U.— MB. ty. H 7 . 3 : 699; MB. MH. 9 ; 377 

fH?)", ; BBBT B feH feH^-KfHB 

BBIH^B 7 MB fyfdO'Hd 7 ? B 7 B71K HBt, 1584 BBB 
BBB f%B, JBtB BcTBB t%B BfeM 7 I MBf BBB for B 
BBBT B fcfoBBT B 7 fllBBl 7 M^BM 7 FTB 7 B I feB §B 
uftRB feMBBt Ht ftTH B d'HBdl fefBBBT KZt 
M T KB77 7 BHcr d^ 1 A fHBBB odd HB I ot 1 B dl * « 
fddfo^ for B 7 HBKHB Hl- MB §K B Bt feH§" HBft 
ferdd'HoTTB MB BBTB^B 7 frtyoid Md^'TyM 7 ^ I 



for B MBT fBfBBBT, HH'BBIm 7 MB tf T BB T B 7 B 
fBfBBBT 7 §VB MB ?BW Bt BBfeM 7 B M r B i 'H i BtM 7 
dAl Q ftTOB 7 UoBfHB BBBBTIm 7 I Historiae Norma- 
nnorum Scriptorcs Antiqui (1619; ‘'HKImB d'dlddd 
M'B Bt fBHdBl y H r Z B^BKBB’ , ) - fBBB 7 fef BB feB 
ABB yHBB 7 B 7 feB-feB Bt HB B MB Historiae 
Francorum Scriptorcs - UB fBBB 7 (1636-49; 
'‘d'dlddd M 7 ? B 7 fBHBBt MFB gBoTH"), BdBttHt 
fyfdd'H B fHBtBB HB 7 B 7 24 fvTBB 7 fBB UoPIhb 
cftB 7 FFB BW fBHfBB HBTfB fBB 7 f%B 
ufBBtM 7 UB fBBB 7 Bt foutM 7 BTBtM 7 HB, fen BtM 7 
uftfUdUiVd' BB I 

feH BtM 7 BH-fotfB 7 J IFBoiB 7 BHft g 7 !!^ 7 
fBIM 7 ftHH fdB fdHddlM 7 BBBBBK Hf^TUBBtB (5 
fBBB 7 , 1636-1649) MB fdHB'dl #H oCddA'dH 
dBB'HlB (2 fBBB 7 , 1660-1666) Htdt BK §K B 
HBB §UBB gt BBB 7 fBB 7 1 feH BK 5" feHB JBBB 
BBTTg 7 B yB 7 cftB 7 1 MW B MHBW, M7BB B T ZZ3 , 

mb yty?ft uwmb hm # msIhb gnti for b 

fBB 7 ? 7 fBgBB HB T fgBB B 7 gt MBBB oftB 7 1 

feH Bt HB 30 KBt, 1649 B OfBK fgK BHtl 
y. y.-MB. fy. H 7 . 4 : 254; >>t?7. MHf . 9 : 327 * 

fHoT, TT^ W'WlHtt'd : Bg BTBBBT B feH 
fWB-gBB MB HBftBcTB B 7 BBK 12 ddddl, 1760 
B HBtKtM 7 f%B BTO 7 ? ffet BfeM 7 ! HB fgB feH B 
MHJB fWi’BBBT fUB 7 otW MB HMfB fgB UBT fgK 
UBK-H'Hdd' Bt fttfUM 7 UHJB ^ftfet I feB" MW HBUHB 
BTffe HW BBB TftBBA'd' fBFK 7 MBftfeTB ftPMB 
gBof gB HBB ufHxft UHJB dftBt I fey 1783 B 
BBTBBT feB BKHBBT BB 7 felM 7 MB f%B HBfBB MB HB 
ul'ddHKddl fBTM 7 1 feH B OfBH, feBBt, fedlA'd , UHM 7 
MB ffeWTlfM 7 ffeu HBB UBTH'H fBB I BBfe gftiH 
UBB B feH B 1807 Ht. B BBTBBT feB dAldsf B MB 
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Bt fBB 7 ! 

feel HdlldcHd MB fUM 7 Bg T BB gB feH B 
HdcttHd B ddl fUM 7 B-H Al B HBB Ud 1 g U 7 feM 7 1 BB 
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BBBW, BBBiHB 40 ItMFB H7BH 7 , 14 fUMBt Bfef" 
MB HBB HB 7 BB HBltB BfBM 7 1 "Bt tufeg MLB 
HfUAHddF (1798) feH B 7 fecT HBltB 7ZZ B I 

feH B 7 HBTtB MHJBt fgfHHBB 7 MB HTOBB 7 
o( 'd<5 HBB uThU B fyM 7 I 

20 KW, 1912 £ feH B 7 BBfel B fBTM 7 1 
y. y - MH. M>1. 9 ; 427; MB. fe. H 7 . 3 : 727 

f oTTJ, ^TOT f STOt, fTTf^ : BfeH B 
feH HH'd-UfHU 'A MB cTHcTB B 7 B?7K 18 




140 



gc??v? r , 

yyy, 1610 §■ Wff fey feffeWI fey y HUoFW 
fetw « 1 ul fel Mfe yrt '*1 lyjfe - fey few Ifewy fety 
fe7fe fey fey y gw y ffefeywf fuifey fet fey i 
wj?flw fey 0 C 66 fet fyfiw uwry feyy yafe i 63 1 
yf. fey fey g ^fey fet ipywtwyyt w fey geowy 
o(d6 fet wfyw few yfet uy wg ffey fulr at fey 
uiwfe yuw w fywi fey fey w wufe yyy fet 
wrfet fefe yfyy y y-wyy yyyfet fegyy fey 
ffey few, ffey fey fet fefet fevfefet w few yyf wt i 

oc. 4W1 '©vra fey fey w fwuw y yy yy yly 1 
wf few W WUfet uffewt UWfefe Histoid dc 1' empire 
dc Constantinople sour les empcrcurs francois 'fe 
ffewy fey 1657 fet. ffey Hfeywfetfetiww 1678 fey 
fey W UfUfet yyyy Glossarium and scriptorcs me- 
diae et infimal latinitatis Ud 1 ffe d oftfet fe fe gfe] ^ 1 d 

1954 fey hw ucofey fetfet yifet i fey 1688 fey fey 

yt UWWfe 'Glossorium ad soriptores Mediae ct Infi- 
mae Geaccitatis Ufe 1 Tw d ufe) I ffe7j T UW3cfe fey g yfe 

y fey gwy y felfeyyy fyuduu: (fedfud yyy fet 
yfey yfet ffer yyy fey yyyfe yyy yt Hyyyyyy 
fnw yfetwi 1 

g yfef fey uwffew nfef wwyw dfefewd w 
festM yt i fey y yyywf ffeyyy fe few fey yfet 
tuft w yy 1 ’ yut wt i fey y gw, ffefynw, yfey, gyfw 
nfe yyfeyy yy yfet ffewy yt i 

yy 1688 fey fewyy yywfet yyy fey y 
>Hwfe gyy ufaw yyy ftw fey 23 atygyy, 1688 
y fey yt yy y yfet i 

y. U.-fey . Wl. 9 : 376; fe?T. fe. IT. 3 : 687 ; WT. ffe. 
7 : 728 ; UW. WT. 6 : 402 

sfd<5fe r , .dd'Hfer : ywfeyy fe fey yyfeyy 
y with 1597 at. fey uhww (twfetwf) fey yffewi 
fey y wufet ufeyw yyswu fe craw yt fwfuw 
unjy yfet nfe feat feyy fey yt ufwu y fewi yy 
1618 fey fey yy yy few wt urufet yjwfet fe 
yy ww yawr srawfwfet yyfet srw g hw fe yyniy 
fety 1 few ww feyy yt fey y fey uw feywt, yfetyy 
wf wyfet fetw yffer fgy wfetw i fey 1627-28 
yyyy fey y §y fef y ugryyfet yyfefepy few «yyy 
yyfetyt a 1 « fHWor yy iftyyy y feiytT fey fe-r fefe 1 " i 
fey 1629 fey fey gtfey few cryyryt yafetw ‘fey 
wfefe >>tfe ‘fey Hfev’ yyfefe yfet fyyyy yfe 1- 
few i fey y fetfepw wh y yyfe ?yw Hfejy »fe 
yyfeor fefew fe feyyfet TTopfet yfetw yfet yyytw 
yyfetwi 

fey y yyfe y yfet yyyy fey fefew few uy 
yyfe fey ut 12 ywfet, 1643 t feywt fey fefeyy 
fey fey yt fey y yrfet 1 

y. y.->fe. wr. 9 .■ 416; »ny. fe. y. 3 ; 719 



fe^fet : fey yfeyyywy y fey tmrfet, 
uyyyy »fe ‘yyw uty irfefe : ’ feyy fet 1 fey y yyy 
19 yyyyt, 1833 y yy? 1- fey yfewi yy^yfe yyy 
fey fey fey yyraty yry yyyy uyy y yyyy fey 
y fey fife yfet yy fey TnOd 1 feiiwyy y 
y*d« feofyyt fey 1 fey wy yyfe yy+ yfet yynjy 
yyy ytw yyyiyylw fey feyQfeyt 1 fey fwtffet y 
yyy ?yy yy y pyy fey y ‘feyyyy77w jyfer yy uty 
w feyfet yy’ 1867 ^t. fey ywfe yy yyfetyt 
WW 'Les Etats-Ums d' Europe' y WW Hyfew 
few 1 fe 1889 fey fey ufey fey yfet yyyyy fey 
»fe i89i fe. fey yy feu yfet ?fet yyt crwyyy fey 
ufetfyy hw fe few 1 yy 1892 fey fey ‘feyyyyyw 
fefy’ y wyifet y?iyw feyfet yfew 1 

fey 1895 fe Hyfe fey y fefy ?yw yfejy 
yyyfetw yy 'Correspondence bi-mensucllc fe fet 
yyy uyfey fetfet 1 yfet wyury fe W 7 W 5 yyt fey y 
yyy yfetw yy?rfe Uoptyy fetfetw 1 fey yyt 1 902 
fe . fey fey y >HHy wfe yyw yawy fe fe yyyfew 
few 1 

7 yyyy, 1906 fe yyy fev fey y feyfe y 
few 1 

y. y ,-WT. fe. IT. 3 : 690 ; . wt. 9 : 381 ; g. )>fy. 

5 : 1617 

fferayfe : —yyy fe ywy yyr y fey 

few' y feyy yyyyw 3,770 y. ffe. nt. y wyfet 
8,74,549 ( 1991 ) yi fe^r fetw yyfeyyfewfefeyy, 
yyy few yw, fetrw »fe feyw-ugn ^w yjyyy 
yy ?yw yyifefefe yy i fyiyyy yfey fey fefe y yy 
Horn, fey yfey >yy fyfew y fefey y 1 

fey fefe fet uyyw fetyy-feufet fefet y mfe 
yfety uyytwt y 1 feyy feyy-uyyf uyy yt yyfet y ie 
uyy ?fefe yt yy 1 fey y ywyy >>ry fey y uhot fey 
yt y 1 feig y trw-fyyy yy uffe yyt yffeyy yy 
yy y 1 yfet wfew fet gyiauy fet few ?yw fet 
yyQfe 1 yi fe^ fey trfetafet >ufe uy-uyfe 
wyfyyy fe uy yy i fuu few, u y u, Heft, fe, few, fet? 
wife yyy fe- uyyy fetfet yfet y ufe fyy, ffeyy 
wy, yfet, »fyyy fet uy-uyfet yfet y 1 gyrayy yfy 
yfe fety 1 fel i ufey fet ffewy y 1 

yywfe ffe?y ffey fefe fet yy 1 ffefe wyfet fe ufe 
yyyrw y fey fey y 1 ffey fe ffewy yfet fe yfeufe 
fufew Mfe fey fe si 'fe fet awfe fey yy 1 gyTyyy yfy 
yyyoyyfw y yfey y 1 

ffey ffeH> ffey yw-iyyyi out yy 1 ffey w? 
wwt y fey yyjy yyy yt yy 1 gyryyy 
yfeyy few fe fefe yfyy yy 1 tfey yyy yfet fefeui 
uffyHfeyy yyyr yw yfeypy tww yfe yfe yy 1 




141 



for few 1- uw df fedddf 3" ufaw 7 furuw 
ferro fgu hw yd 7 Fit i feu ufe fed didd a^rry^ 
ufudddi 

furaw M3 - yfeg'd 1 faffed gfe udu $ 3d 

Hd" HdJTd ffeU 7 fed 7 lit I dd 1527 3?fej^ few 
fefe fUTUW ftwe d 7 fud 7 dd W fug" ddld d 
dddfe fewffefeffejdUUfelHUTfefed^gfef 
HW fgd fUTUW d Hdlfe df Hfd Hdf fed fUsT 
HUdfefe 7 fed feUldfe df feUfedfl Ufed fefdf I dUd d 
feddd 3d fug" fed d'HHU r c5 dd fed" fd^ - d 3d 3" 
HW cfd fofe 7 fcJTfe 7 lfel3f fef? dddfe fedfe 7 
df fed dfef fUfeUTd Wdddd dd d 7 fed 7 Hdf I 

d. U.-fed. fd. H 7 . 3 : 709; fw. 3T. fdd. 11 : 378 



f3f''dT : for jfewfdffe 7 gw df fefe udfef u i 
fefe ddf, UdTlfef ufeffe 7 d feUlfef Td ‘HHdUf fe’ 



gf ffeU 7 dd 7 U I fed HTUH 3 df UWffe 7 fed" fed? Ud I 
fed Udf dUdfe* d df . 3 " Ud fed Hf . d feufd dd 
W Ud; Ug gHT Hgf gfeT, dldd (Crescent) gwff Udf 



U, dd 7 df fdlddl Ufd Udf U, dU Ufeffe 7 d 3wfe 
dy fgd U'fcff-dd (tusks) dd Ud; feUT?? Ud (flip- 
pers) ddf (goffed dd Ud Ud Q<V d c5d ddf dd; 



Udffe 7 HdU d Hddd" Udffe 7 Ud fed fedd Ufef d 
fddd dW fedd 7 tjdd 7 d feg feTj 7 dffe 7 fegdffe 7 
dd 7 dfufe Udffe 7 ddf Udffe 7 I 



fefe d Rd d HHdf (truncated) Udf d fafe 
df Rddfed 1- 7W fed ufef fWdrtl HdHUdf fed Udl 
Ud 5-10 fed 7 fug" fed ddl Ug 7 rtd ddf Ufef d 
fedd fefed dd I fed Hfe Wdf §Hd Udf HHdU 7 d ufd 
fuf Ufeffe 7 fed dfdd U7T »fd gd gd §3+ fed Ufef 
d fecdd fed UU Held fdHd dd I fetfe dt ddd HSdt 
5dtdd Udd Hdd Hddt ddd dd Udf d d^ fed^ d 
feddd fed ddf Udl 12 Hdfd d dldd feTd d fefed 
fefe Hd t ddK fddf d Md §H df Udf dd ddd 
feddf d I fedd d Ufeddd’-Ud’ Ud Ud fed Hd d dd 
dUdfed HIT 5^ fefe dd d rt'rt ddf dfef dddf U I 

fed df fefe ufed TFdf fdlfeT fdTfeT (Dugong 
dugong) U ftUT dffe 7 fedf fedf dHTd Ud I fed d 1 " HUT 
HfeTdfd Ud fedfe fed d 1 " fefed fefd 1 " fed 1 ’ d I fed df 
dddf ffed fdfefefe 1- dd feTgf UTdfedf dl fefe HddUT 
fHTfeTd 10-12 dfdd dd UUJd d Hfed r d I fed dfef 

d ddd d fed d r ddd" yfefed ufe»r d i 

d. y.->)ld. fe. 7 : 740 



dd! , dl’HUdsJ (Dughet Gaspard) : Idfe Hdf 
d fed d-fdd fdddfe'd d 7 HrtH 1615 df . fgd dH ffed 
dfefe 1 "! fed d gdd fedfe UK fed ffd d dfef dfef df 

feH fefd 7 1 fed d 7 dfd 7 fdfedH yfdd dd 7 Ufed 
tgfefedf Hf I fed ddf fed fedfe" feUJ d dFHUdd yfed 
feyg'Qfe 1 Hf I fed df Hdf H'U'dd d ffrufef fdfedH 



fd, dtdffedd 7 



yfed fed fedfer dfed dffe 7 Hdffe 7 d 7 feddiy 1 d i fen 
d fddd gW fedfe fedufdfe dd I fed d UK d dd d 

U3" fefdfe d gf fddfdfe 7 1 fed d UHU fddd dH dffe 7 
feW dfdfefe 7 fgd dd Ud ddl fed d ofef fddd 

fedTdd fgd gf dd ffld fed 18 gfddf fgd HW fed 
f-ffeH 7 df dU-UU 7 fdfed fedd ddf HW gfe fedfe 
dfe Hd I fefdd TIHfdfe 7 fgd ‘RfeHfeU fgd HdWT 
feddl’ fefed HW dd I 

Hd 1675 fgd dH fgd df fed df Hd d dfef I 
d. y.-W7. fe. VT. 3 : 695 

ftfedfecT, WFtcT ^ffeFT : fed 

Wfe d 7 OTfe fed Uddfefe Hf fddd 7 fedfe drgd 'Les 
Louriors sont Coupes' (1888 gf ffed d d 7 gdd d Hd 
1938) fedfe Hdd Ufed dfefe 7 1 fed d 7 ddH 10 dgW, 
1861 S' Hfe ddg r feH fdddd fgU dfefe 7 1 feW TdgdT 
fgd fed d Hd d Ufdfe HdHddf ddT df gdd fefdf I 
fed d Uf fedlddf TdgdSTd feld fefed d WJdf 
ddTd-Ugd (Stream of Consciousness) df dfecfffe 
ddf, fdH df gdd §H d Ufddf gd 'Ulysses' fgd 
fefdf I 

fddfW fddgfef feddd dd Htdd Hf fed 

fedd fddgfef otfgd'fedddfeUoCfHd feld I fed d 

° •» 

Hdd Hdffe 7 ddcdg 7 df Hfejdfe HHffVfe 7 d HHfedTT 7 

gf fefdf 1 fed d fefdg 7 fed d ddf diddfe dH'rt gf 
d 7 ^ 5ffd I fed fefe Ufdd dfeddd df I fed d dddf Hd 
d dfdfef Hd dd Hdd dd Rtf gf fed I 

31 fefedHd, 1949 J Ufed fgU fed df Hd d 

dfef I 

U. y.-^td. fe. H 7 . 3 : 697 

gtH'dfc#*, offeW : fed gdddf fddWPd fed 
Qyd d 7 ddd 1622 df. fgd feHddddH fgU dfefe 7 I 
fed fewf d fctH'd 7 fed ddgfeUfe 7 d 7 feW uyfe 7 
dfdd ddfg fdddd fedd ddfe Hdd Ufdd dfefe 7 1 
feddf d 7 dd 7 fedd d Hfefd fed d 1652 d 1674 Hf . 
dfe fedddddd fed Ud 7 fgU fed fefd 7 I fed d Hfeld 
. fed dd Wd fePH 7 fed feWf Hd d H^ 7 HH 7 Ufdd 7 
dfe Qy df fed 7 ! fed d feFUS" fddd 7 ddf 0 fedfe, 
fdfWFdfe, d feddf-fgd fed H'Udd dfgd d feU'fdd 
fgd gf ddl 

20 dgW, 1678 ttfddfgg feddf Hdd dfef I 
U. U.-^td. fe. H 7 . 3 : 697 

§H, sT^IGcSd' : fedfff df fed fed T fe T d 7 d 7 
ddd 3 fefedW, 1858 $ feddf fgd fgdfgW d dd 
dfefe 7 I fed d Ufagfe dgWHWfeH'fed ddl 

fefe dd df ^Hd fgd df fed d UfdJdf g r d ‘d 7 
feradHTT 7 fgd fed fefd 7 1 dd" fed g dd df Udf 3F fed 
d 7 ?T dWfe 7 dd HHU3 - UdUU 7 d feFfd ffed I 1 4 HW 




142 



ut feu feu far u uuuutw u sw feu fetyfu u 1 " 
tffwsrte 1 ' uu 1878 feu Ftuuu fey ytufetu- ufu 
(E mile Zola) U SW feu U UU" feu FT HIU 1 - utu 1 " §U 
FUU feu uuu ufuu 3" ufet I cfet gt yfftTU 1 " IftjV y!9dd 

6 ol Ht friH Ft f?JT U 1 " WH'dld FT 1 " oft d 1 dfe I feGof 'dof 

feyfenf ufuut wu u<5Udt, 1893 feu nurfew 
fewi fu U HW Ut feu fUFlt WUt Gfe UTUtl UFT 
1923 feu dcVfUU feuUFT U SW ‘UUt WU ut iff 
feu fen FT UU3" UVFU" Situ 1 "! UFT 1894 feu feu U 1 " 
UrTU T ?T cfet d 1 1 yl yfU THU ft-WU U fePTf I dry] dfu Ft 
for uut uut fuuu feu i feu u 1 " furry" uuu wuuuu" 
utwf feu ut yruur uu uu 1 " u wu ire 1 uuut ut i 

UfaU" feuU-UU U5Ffe ufuu 1 " ftf HfUTTU ut 
guy irgu u ufet yfe feu ft fuuu yufe gfe fefei 

UUfet HUTU MUF! UWfuy UU 3" feu FT hu ff nuuw 
UUtft i-ffert HU cfe fufe 1 " I fedd 6l of FT 1 " dU of 'd(5 
HMo(d 3UT HTVfefe 1 " U 1 " UW UUU UU UU3 feu dt 21 
>HUU, 1924 ^U^fHUWFfenuyufeufUdHydd! fey 

feu huu ufffu wu nu 1 " ufet uuu ut nuu tf uwt 
ufeti 

U. y.-jite.fe.H 1 -. 5 : 1095: Wl. WT. 9 : 427 ;iUU W7. 
6 : 434 

SdG (Ducciodi Buonin- 

segna)" : OT RUT U feu §74 fewufet tuyUFfU HfU 
fa>HFTt UUfet U HUt UT U7TH U. 1255 fet. feu fePUFU 
fey UfeHT I feu U HUU" fefeFT UU HUU ufe WUSHUt 
ftuUUU Ul EPUU 1 - U fe feu FT feU HUTpfefet 
yrftWUU WU fuftw UU1U oftfet fet I UFT 1278 Ufe 

feufeu uuhtu HddH feddoed uu uwuu u ufew 
ut i 

UUU U HFUU" U Udfe fidddd'd' HU UfepH 1 " HT3 
^FU U HUU UsH'fed UfeHTlfeU U Hfofe fddd' SUl" 
fe^fe" T UUU ?tfetBFlfe 1285 feu feu U 
^WUU feU felUU feU HU?U Ut dH^ld dd'Oe U 1 " U5T 
fey-r i 

fer 1298 feu feu fawu ut 7U» U 1 " uuu 
ufeyfl U7T 1308 3 1 1311 dfefeuu feWU U felUU 
?fet feu HUUt HU'dl U feu ut feu HU7T feuU H7>t 
feut U I feu §" 'Macsta' U 1 " 7U fufe 1 " fePH 1 " I feu UFfefe 
12 fU UUt Htl feu U UUU feu U#?U U 3UU U 
uufeu offer fePH 1 " ut yfe §u u yffe-uynu feu 

yefe UfU U7T I 

fUU U fedd'" feufeuufet - d 1 d c5 dt (St uut fe 
5UTU fujfet U I UHtHT" fefeU’’ feu UUTTfetFft Hlfe Ulfet 

ifet u 1 " gnu ui feu yfufe fefefe feu ?uuut yfe 
ursufou uuru uufet ffeufeu fe wmau feu 1 " i feu u 

fedd' feu dd'cV rffe?T Ut Ut drtef fVufet U I UUU 7> 

yruu fedd ; feu dj^uuF ut uuu ufet yfu duut mu 
fe- §" ut feyrfeyf" u i 



‘HtFU |feuut’ (1285) 'H#?U feu ufefeu Hfe 
uuuu(H". 1300), ‘'ut?u yfetuu feuferuu’, ‘uiiu 

yfu ufeteu', ‘uu uu5"’ »fe ‘ut ifeuuuu feu ut 
fer’ yfeu feu u uu Guu fefeu uu i feu u uufe 

fefeU UU7T, g'fedldF), few, HU7T, UHUU »Ffe U 

feGdlyfU 1 " yfu yfuu umutyp" feu uur uu o<s i 

U7T 1318 U yfe U 1 " 1319 ut. U ufeu fetj feu 
fuwu fey feu ut U3" u uiuti 

a. u.-4l?7. fe. H. 5 : 1076; >M?r, Wf, 9: 376 

f Cd 1 , tiGdlo( grHVF : Ufetu U feu TUH^U 
feyfet yfe uuttu W TUTU 18 uut, 1885 §" ufetu 
feu, dM'H 1 U UET7T U 3fe>>r I feu U" UU-UU? 
ufeuuru yfe 8ofd'U ut HU-HUUfet uut HUUcT U 
feU 1910 feU ffefe feU UfUU HUUtUU WUHt 
UfeW I HfUfU 22 UW feU feU UUt UKt fufeutHf 
fes/'O'u' fer yfef uuut uuu uro 1 " fepyi feu uu 
uu?r feuu fewu feu uut ut fuuuuyt ?u uut 
feu U Hdd'd' feftr Gfe HUfeU ufetur 
feuu 5" o(U«U uut uu ut uufuu UUUU ut UUUd 

feufeu utdtl UU 1930 U uu-yuu HU UUUU 

fufeuu gudiu u uuu hpuu ufe feu u uut ut u 
fFuitfeustuufet feuu oftu 1 " ut yu nura 
1932 ut ufef y.di'gd uu feuu §uut yul 
feufeu eftut i yfuyfe sfe" dm uut 1937 uHfeuu 
hu 1 " u, feu r'H ufef 1 " uyy uuut>>r feu feifeyr uu 
?feT ftw I dtfe U HUU feu UTT U UUrfeUT TTHUU" G 
UU U feuu 1935 feu ufuGfenu HUFU3" §- uufeyf" 
fer 1936 U 1945 uu feu gu-udut u uu u few 1 

yfe uuu hutu uu >huuuu, 1945 feu wuuiu? 
Ufe" U dUU ut ufeu utut, fe feu U feu UUU UUT- 
uuu ut yfurufet oftut yfe uuu tu^feu uuut u 
fuufeu FUU UUUU feu UU U 1 " uuttu ufeyf fepy 
feu U fud'dt srfw HfU U'ddlH ut feuuu c 
H'dtrttwr uuu wuut ut gt fenufeu wild" uu uut 
feu U wu-yuu UWFT ufetu feu HUH UfeT feu-cn 
uuu ?fer ftw yfe" uorwitt yfufetyf 1 " u 1 " ufecru uu 

UUT few 1 " 1 feu U yfHUtcTFT UUUU fed" Ufet UUUU" UU 
fuu »uuut uw feu uu uwu feyfGfe" uut uu 
ufeu ufet I fedt feut U HUU feu feu U UW-UHTI F 
uut UUUU UU FT 1 " feU" Ueft feu U Ffetu feu UU fe^ 
Hfufet lu" ufet yfe g'ddlH 1951 ut US" fife few 
feu ut U3" 1 1 UFT, 1974 f) UtG" fe fet fey UUt 1 

y. y.-fe. fe. H 1 ". 4 : 301 ; fe. feu. 6 : 440 : fe. 

9 : 501 

Ufetof : feu yfetuu- U 1 " uufe uu 
u i feu yu 1 " feu 4 feuufetutyf 1 " u fu feu ' fed it wuu u 
HTT FT fUFTfet fey Ufe §" WUU-feUU U fUU'd U5 

uft i u feu 7) feefe fuufer u uuwfeyr >fe feu ur 




143 



©4 HF ftld 1 fF Qd efts 1 * Vt Uddl F ^H<± ^ 1 (4 (3U 1 
FfoF KHt feF fHU'F Vt UT^OTTT I HF F fefe 
?w Fuff feHFfetfftur F 7- VtF Ffenr hf ff 
ffWwi 

fHFfeVt F 7 " inF ‘Herat ST ’FUFfe’ F I HF 7 " f 
for feH §F feFF FUFF FF H UH4 UH^cT feF 
ufefe Ft fuVuu hf i ‘fHHfefeft’ feu w/ uffff f 
HFF J^FFH f>M (1-4) ofr§77 Vt FF H'FFffet fi-lFFt 9" 
MFfeHFfeHQV {5-ll)3?^f^fePH r &llTR^ 
UiftPH'fe HH UFFH F HF dU 1 F PhH f'dF H'd c<'y<5 
FH FTF 377 (12-26,28)1 FtH T U?tl3 29 >8# 30 F 
feF F I Heft FHt UHFF f%F HF F MHF FFfe MF 
§H Vt HF F 7- fom F I fen feF F offe^fe 'Song of 
Moses' (32) M3" 'Blessing of Moses ' (33) HUFF F7T I 

IV d FHff?!> offet HF F HF wVI dlVt F fe feH 

UHFoT Ft yiF WP> fetf HF - Vt H § 1 W7 > 1 FUt I feH feH 

Iff Vt Vh f huf 7- ff f 1- feafu nnt m t IVm t -fff' 
fen ofdd Vt 6 J1 fe for fen Oh Ft hf f 1- fewa f, 

HUT feH cT3F Ft fe feH feu MfHF HFH Ft FfeHF Ft 
oTOW eftut FlVt F H fe §F HF F HFHT 7FUf feFFF 
fFF F I ‘FtHfoO fF’ FFF feH ®? Ft HTH F r F fe 
yTF fen dTOt dF^FF H 7 " RVt Ft UF Of FF oTFTF 
F 1 " ofUF 7 ’ c5dl Vt I Fhh feU feH HHUfeVt F of'yH Hd 
sftF F1F FF Of Oh Fife FHtfe feW r7 FFfM T SF 
FF FF I 

feF UHFF F FF HF fFF IFF 3^ F77 UF 1805 
Vt. F HFTF feF feFU HFtFF oftF T feUF F fe feF 
FFF UHFoT 621 Vt. U. FFF feF HFF fFF VVt Ht I 
HVtMHJ F HU'd ' F Hdld fHH UHFF fFF HHHF 
HFM-fHTFH HF H1FI HFF MFFF MHFT, FH^H 1 " 
MF Phh 1 VIhTF M' fef F3FT HFF MFd'd' FFF UFF 
(3d 1 fFF oftF HF rtdIHdl Qd HF FF Vd ofFF Vt 
HFF IFF fHFFHt fFF FFF F IFF Ft fHF UHFF 
UHF MFFHH Ft FFTF 1- Ft UHdHFt Fjf FFFt I fHF 
HfeST FI fHF FF feF fHH F F r HHt FHT fFF Ft 
FTFHt FFFF HFF MF Uf^Vt F I fHH FFt UHFF fFF 
fHH F ftyfft fFtHM 1- fFF HUd 1 , rtVldd 1 F FH f1fM t 
UfHW F I 

HF F F F MHtF 3F HFt UHFF fFF HFJFF 
fFFF MF fHFFH fHFHF HHt FU F Wft HFFF Ft 
fHH fttF F UUFF F fF fHF feF fFMFFt Ft fFFF F I 
UF fHH fFF HF HFt fF fHH Ft HFF 1 ' HFF MF UHFF 
FFt FFt FF fFF UftHM 1- ! F^ - F^" F UFF7F F 
of'6*' Ft HFFFtHt fHH HTF F 1 " HHF FF I FHt U'd 1 F 
Hl^Ft fsT?>F T F UFHUF fFFU fHH fFFF f FF 0^ 
ofFF FF 1 fHH UHFF F r FFfVfF 3tFt fFFF MF 
HHHTF 6 Td cf d 1 (FF fHCH HW FI 

F. U.— 41?7. fH. H 1- . 3 : 497; >>177. Wf. 9: 33; W. >H?r. 

5 : 1524 



fFHrfHFfWF 

f effud, FoTF oJ’cSMrt ; fHF fHF M. si t)M 

FFt, UFV >HF HFHtHF F 1 " fFFFHT Ht I feH F 7 F?1H 
21 FFFFt, 1877 f FUFt MFFlF r F dF Of^H f?F 
UFF f%U FfHUTI fHH F UFFfW, 3HH77HFFT MiF 
FF 1- F fFfFUT IHUF F3F HFFFFU f%U UHFHF HFF 
F U^Ht FtFt I HH 1899 f%F feH H UFFtUF ffet 
>HFFt ifffuw UFT cftFt I 

Ftfet M.^dld 1 F FU feFH F fed HMF .diH 1 f%F 
UFFt ?F FFFt F feP>T I FTF 1900 feF feF MHH- 
HFFH few I §F Ft FFt ufet^Fftfet F feH H 1903 
Ht. ffeF UFH-HTHFF f%F d'ofdd Ft fsldldl ffet MF 
U T FFtUF HFU3 feuH I feH 1911 feF feF FHFUH f?U 
FFfedfHHt feF UFH-HFTFF F T uIhF HF fePiT I feH 
1949 feF UFUFt dtd'fedHF fef feF Ofe H'Hrtd 
fHFFF F ffe>>r I 

f d'fed H H'dlyrt F 7- Ffet fefUHF 1 " fetH MFFfcft 
FHH feF UfH^F FfFT F 1932 Vt. feF HFHF FfeUF 
HFUH feF Ft feH §■ UffelF FFFF feF felUF 7 feuffe 
feF FH-FFTF MF FUHfeFFfet HH fePiTI feH Vt 
FH-FFTFt Vt FHF fHH VtuV FFTFfe feF fVufet 
fWt FI feH VtUT FFHfe - feF 'Trekker Swcc' 
(1915), 'Passicblommc' (1934), 'Skcmcring' (1948) 
wfV HU-TH FH I feH Vt HF F Vsil FF Afrikaan- 
spsaller (1936) F 1 " HFHH dd<V Vt I feH UHFF H 
^HFF t, HHFhfHt >HF UfFFfFt FH 7 ?'' feF FfeFr F 
feFH HlyfeHH 7 ' feF feF HfeuF F 7 F T F I 

feH F 7 " FFfe 1 HF'Vt, 1953 S' UfeWiT feu 
Ffe>>HI 

U.U.-MF. fe . H r . 3; 730; ’HH. fe. 7 : 803 

^<S'W fes - ^U-fh-T : feuafet MF MFHt FFfe 
F FFHFFHF MftPHF F377 FHH feH ufd« feud'6 
MF fefFFHF F FHH H. 900 Vt. feF Ffe»TI feF 
feplHfuH.feF .FFHf URtfeM 7- F F3HF feu fefFFHF 
F MFF F fdd 1 MF Qt| Ft fetid '(Si d'H 1 F 7 " UffeMUT 
FFF 7 " fdd 1 I Md VI sf'H 1 feF feut UfUSt dd* 1 FFH 
feF HFF UfHU Ffeuf UF fHH F yF UFF r §H Ffe>>H 
FUfFFF feHd'H FFfeFFfe^HMFFFFtfUFHU 
FI feH UHFF feF feH F Fftw F fe feHFfet IFF 
MFHt F UFfet F MF MFHt FUF feaF'Vt HF feF Ft 
fHFWt FI 

HF 960 F KFTFFT feH Vt HF F FlVt ! 

F. U.-tte. fe. F. 3 : 705 

grt'HPVrt rtV'd : feH feHFfet cfet MF 
feufFFF-HHFFt F FHH H. 920 Vt. feF HFF 
feF, lH feU FfeuF I feF UlFfF feuiFFt Vt feH F 
UfUFtUH crfeFfe" feF MFHt SF 7 " Vt ?FF Ffet I 

f?FH f HytaVtur feu hf 7 feu feF VfercrgVt 




144 



^UtJ, ftnOwtH 

feFF'75 F fHfeW UOtF cftHtl HU 1- fefe OtfeHF 

uferfe ww^^fenwofetyfeH 1 fofetiFyHF 
ftfe huh fen crfetH T fw few i fen fe iwoF 
ost feu ofe feud'Td Hyt?c(H feou huh F 

UU77 few UF cftH 1 HTOf F HB77 F HWF §H F 
H r fdlH'e r fe fTFFtHTT F feUF fefW I feF FW feF 'F 
F ftfe FF feBUfet iFF F IWW fe HF F FUFF 
•H 1 <i H'd FfFW H'U frfw I fen fe feWddd: HHUl 
feoT HTT OTET ?t feftfW fFUF T cfF Ud 1 fed ?fef ofewi 

H77 990 F Wdl^'dl TOfUF oTdJfe' feO Ot feF Ft 
HHUOfetl 

U. U.fefe. fe HF 3 : 705 

fiffe, : Iff oofeM f-feu fw? 

FT FTTH 5 WHO, 1811 fe ?7fe feO ttfeWI feF 
uf-jTHfe'Ft UUfetFt fFHOUTW F ‘FUffer OIUU’ F 
Wf feF feF Ft I feF fe WHO 1- fFFUBffet F Ffe?7 
WUHtUF 1 " F WS feF fefet F fefew Ft HFfeF 
FUF tfe HU fetF 1 " I H77 1830 feF fej OfeF few I §F 
fFF F U77U fe HUF HUOfOW few I H77 1831 feF feF 
fe ufofet W WiF fedfe Ft FFOfF FUFFtl H77 
1834 feF fFU fedl&F fewi§t fej >vfOIOF f-fUF 
tFFUcTU W oF77HUHH F HUH Usi'feF ufewi feF 
fe ddl 1 <Vtt Ufet fe"UU dHcSl Fr UFfe fHHUH F 1 ^ HOF 
HF Ft >HF tPF FFF FHFUt TTFfdW FtW HFFtfe 
c(‘d(5 fed HUF UftfU dfeW I 

6 WdTFHU, 1889 fe fFF Ft HF U UTFt I 

U. U.-Ufe fe HF 3 : 717; WT. WT. 9 : 415; cfe. 

6 : 426 

fellttotH , H5? Gd'/fe 1 ; OFF F feF feFfe 
UfFH fu-ffetut 1JFW W? TO F FFOftFt UTFU77U 
tlrSdtt F 1 " FFF 1 FF^dl , 1697 fe UcPF feF rtsSdHl F 
fetf dfe'F 1 ’ I s( 'dd FfH FfHdlcj 1 Ft M'dd 1 H HFTF feF §" 
1721 Ft. feF UfetFOt feO §FF FtFF fFFtdF FF?tt 
Ft HUfetW FFW feF S' ffW few I H77 1742 feF 
feF fe 1TFH feF Ut FFF 7FTF (Hdl'W) feO FFfeftRt 
tcTFFt F T HFOffe fcTFoTH fetH 1- few I 

FOOT FfH HFHFftW feFFFF MU Fd 1 6 feF ?t 
OFfetfet HF Ft HOfeH 7- ?FF HFFTT fFF few FfH 
U'dtFOl feO HFFFVlW Ft ufefeFt F T Hd'Htt' 5rtH T l 
FFF-fF-FUF Ft Ffet-feOt F feF Ftw ffTH t fe FF 
51F fFF 1 " I H77 1754 feF feF J >HgF H §HF fFH T 
few »1H HfeFHt mfe HF7FF ofFF ?FIF FOOT ¥H 
fFH 1 ” few I feO feO FfF?FF ftfet OFFH feF feU 1 " MH 
10 ?7FHF ; 1763 feOfeF feOFFFFFt feF FtfeOFF 1- 
Ft ?feFF fewi 

F. u.— fe. HO 4 : 211 MH. 9 : 479 



fUW, H"'dl fedl* drtdl Fof ; fen SFfefet 
Hdltdd'd F 1- tTcTF 21 FFFfe-, 1848 fe OfeF feO 
Ofw 1 OfeF feO 5TW7 at fefew FF OF feF F FffelF 
FOOT H fOWF frfyt FfH F ?OF HFltH fed 
feF J FOF OFt O Ofetl H77 1868 HcT feF 7> ^F 16 
FftH FFF Hf FF fFF H7T ftw felF feF Ft ufmfi 
WCFfeo 01 feF F OTtH §F HF Ftw FFfetfe 
srfefe, HFW Hditd >HF sofe Fcfetw H HHUfedF 
0771 

feUH Ft HFfet 5TF77 1885 Ft. H HF1F feF 7 
Hdfld-dFtV HF c?F fFHt 1 feF Ft few^x^f Ho( J 
WFFt Ffet HfH 1890 Ft. F fffet WT feF F WUF 
FF UFF-few HfH ^HF^Otw FFTT 7 ^ W FF- 
fodd 1 fe F3F ofF fed 1 I 

12 FF^Ot, 1833 F Hfe Ft-FW77 feO feF F 
HF O dldl I 

O. y.-MO. mvf. 9 : 410; M7T. fe. H r . 3 : 714 

^tfeoTFT : fe 

FFfetrft 3F?7 ttfecT UFF-FTTFOt Ft I feF W F77H 
H77FFt, 1802 J FF-Ftf?5FF feO Ofew I H77 182 
feF feU ITFFt f?7FFF ofewi ifet Ft feo fe 
fetOWT FF HOF Ufej O few F Ftnfet HOF Ft» 
cTfTHF FTf FF77 feF FFF Ofew 1 

H77 1849 feF WFFtWTF F 7 few Ffew ' 
1854 Ft. feF fFF OFF dfeST-ft F 1 " FHF Ffew fePH 
feF HF FFF7 fet F feHFF OFfe ‘Le Com 

spondcnt’ fe HF Hdlfcd odd 1 I 

H'FH'O TTUrtl W7 did fe FF U 1 F dl W < 
FffeWFt UfFT fe FFTIFW fe feF fe WfFfe fe 

Off fe Ffet sfi fe fen fe y f 7 few i feo fen afe 

770t HFF 1- fe ffe UU 5TF OTFFt ?70t srOF 1- 1 F77 186« 
70 fe uftjfet Fcffe?7 dHtt HF Hffeo HFTFF fefe 

feF feo fear fe i fen few FF?7fe ‘ferratwi Htfe 
>HF ‘ F r F|fetWT feFfe FT HfFF T F WlFfe fe 
ofew I feF few Uffeu ddcS 1 ^ 1 feF 'De L' educatic 
(1850); 'De la haute education intellectucllc' (186 
HfF 'Histoire de Jesus' (1872) FUFF 0771 

11 WTfHF, 1878 fe »feF feF fettw ft 
feF F 1- FO'F O few I 

F. U.-MF. fe. F. 3 : 714; >>tF. WT. 9 : 410 

^ufe'ddch', fetfeH, yfecS ; feF HOF77 > 
UFfefefFO F 1 " FTTH 5 W7FHO, 1777 fe wfe 
HO 1 fedt (OfeF) feF Ofewi feF 'Dupuytrc 
Contracture' (fflH feF OUfel F fey W fedt fecf 
two §FTfe FHfet FU F FOIF Ffetw 077) 
Uid'Q<4 (alleviation) Ft fewfew ddd H'few F 
01 




145 



USS 7 HS 7 !? 7 afe SS 7 , 3S a! USp a! aVFSa H3 
a! femtiym 7 , dldtd* S’ cfsa Sf Hdridl HS ofdcV , 
yS'Qd! 3[3 a! §SUSf, Syoff^lmS UHSf S SSS 
(ligation), yyQ ast mfs^PfaSH 7 (aneurysms) S 7 
fett'l-l, d\S I dldd(5 S 7 Mdldlofrt fdrt'tH m 1 ft 1 fdH S Ua 
tifSU IpH 377 I 

PdH a! HS 8 .dd<^dl , 1835 §" UfdH fed - util I 
U. y.-M?7. fy. H 7 . 3 : 718 

fOr, aw r ifeT : fes /od'J-ilsl oP d dl <S ff S 7 

377H 25 Stay, 1563 S H3S fey Ufem 7 ! aSTT S 

HWJ USUp SET f 3HS ttfeST HUH fes fenf^cf 

ord<5 fed Hdd Ufeu dfem 7 I 
— *> 

fes S 7 ftis 7 OdHdd HS ff HfedtHdM d S75 7 

fam 7 m3 fes S Qfes m 7 S UHS ttfesr USH 

mUS 7 fom 7 I OOdl SS 5" Utl'dof fes S oTyfeoT 

•< 

IFSaf a# Wist fess S 7 Safe! I SS 1591 fea fes 
d<£dd (Evreux) S 7 feHU, 1604 HP. fed US S 7 
TOte mS fy-aWS >HS 1606 Sf. fes Sfe 
(sens) S 7 mw-fesy afem 7 I fes S US sfe! mS 

IPS Orfe aPm 7 3S 7 fea ?P fUS 7 fem 7 1 

maiS tffes SUSl f U3 7 S OTfe, tFBW 
SU'daT HU-ffom 7 SSti! afef USSUr 7 fotitm 7 I fes 
stirf feaTS affsfm 7 33*'^' 1622 Sf. fea UUPfHS 

*S *N 

affsfm 7 afetm 7 1 

5 ssaa, 1618 s Ofay fey fen a! hs a afe! i 

U. y - fti. H 7 . 3 : 714; ^t?7. mPf. 9 : 411 

fsfp, d'Qrt ; fes .ad'slsP fasdocd ms 

dlH'ylAbPd S 7 3SH 3 yS, 1877 S fTp a 7 ^ fey 

ufem 7 1 fen s ddofls aas s maifsar aw, yar sa s 
aafess s sar-flra' yg ^ fes Giditi 1 * 
u 7 fem r i fsH s st a 7 ^ ms ufaa f%a Pa'ddd '<jp fnat i 

fea a 7 ^ uy^^eP tsP e Msa ye'Q'a 1 
ttP, ua 1907 aP. s" fan s tw tsP % fasa aa 7 f "d" hj 
c^l d ms fair d^ 1 af7p-a?5p fair s majsT fa^" ^yaP 
hsP P^sPhs ary saPi 

hs i9ii f^a fas s afpqs mtiwPsma wap 
Hiffsipy ops-fasa yg 'a i Pan s aaP srus 1 fKR 7 sap 
Sofa! s y w ! s tsma c<1d ms ma-iaPP fas au'do) 
sass 7 s 1 QdsPdd a s fes s fsaf a sas77 ma 
atrsaaP sa^aP aa afPst 1 1920 asraamfea 
fas s ya s 1 msia 7 fsm 7 ?! fasaaaP as saafam 7 
ms asp ^ss fess a fasa naa 1 

23 hw, 1953 f fas aP ss a aiaP 1 

y. y.->ft?7. fy. H 7 . 3 : 694; >»t77. >HVl- 9 : 388 

§^<o dil mH” : aaarsP a fas saffsa T a a 7 sttk 
tssPms faa HTfaa aPs (Hainant) fey S. 1400 aP. 
fea afamn 



^as, satss 

^afe fea fas s arsaP fey frrfym 7 urns aftsP, 
fea fas ss77-HasP fea sons sP i ss 1426 feafaa 
feaaP fey aaaP as ffem 7 1 

1428 S 1437 a P^tJoPd fea Qu fe SS77 K5SP 
feairsafasHa# i44o^.as 7 ma 7 arfaaaasa 
s opaaP fea afus sar fern 7 1 fea 1445 a saraar fas 
s yas op§77 fea feaiaP 1 

|fe aPm 7 fejsaa aaTT 7 ? 7 fea 87 sa77, 59 
aamlHl afPs, 7 faasP a affs, M-ta as aPm 7 1 
‘ uatm 7 aafPs ay<ysP ss fas fe S77sa fssa 7 fafe- 
cffe assP STI77 aa 1 

fas a ss77, a maa sa s fs77 sa 7 fea us, ass 
as, fwa ms faaaffaP ttst Haas U77 1 

27 ?7faa, 1474 §■ cpsaP fey fas aP hs a 

dial I 

a. y. — feyr. >8>f. 9 : 386; as. ^Is. 6 : 409; nte. fy. H 7 . 
3: 693 

gy* , H'dlHTJ - : fea fear qaaP fefsaarapa srt 

fesa 7 ass as a IsasPm 7 aiassa fea Hfessfes 

fey 10 asaa, i 860 fea ufem 7 ! ya ya fea fess 

a^'fssl ayaP fefam 7 aars afp# ua rns^ - fsa fea 

at fes a 7 ftprps uas-fsayy fefam 7 a faim 7 ! 

fes spas fess u'Hcpw aPm 7 feys 7 , asP ysdd, 

uesP fesafep, fefsaar ms ssatcr fefaimw a 7 

am 7 mfxims offs 7 1 ms. aP. Hors uasaa susa ms 

mass opss a feaapssof uswa - a 7 # fes s 

*> 

f^msafwia.WT.fHsaqwsaPOd'dd'-d'e s 
fesaPd'S( 5 ldc< Pdrt'sdl s ydfes ofps 7 1 

fe7 1882 fea fess as aaaP as 7 ^ - ya 
fea mais 7 aaras ir^s 7 yf afPs 7 i assfeop s 
usa tt 7 sfas ofaa 1922 sP. fea fea as fefe a 
safes m 7 fam 7 ! sa 1933 fea ttsjP susttP aPm 1 " 
cruaP feaaP laPsPm 7 apas fess suhttP s ssa 7 fern 7 
ms fess fScfefm 7 fea afar fey sas yfep 1 

fess as ms safe a aaafm 7 a fefsaar sap 
ssaaP feofbl afPsPi fessss sufpfep ^aPus'fsitiK 
mstsafeMrni’sfeoffdd sPssssfe'smaras 
oh 1 fs! ns a fsauy ms fsafes m Turns s W'di cfPs 7 1 
fes s fea fey'd mafep 1931 aP. fea uopfes afPsP 

ysdo) 'Geschichte des chassidismas' fea Uddld offs I 

fes a 7 feaa sP far aaaP sfas fear wfear feaar up 
?tuP a sar fei^ fea fear ss%sar aHtms a sa fefer 
ssd ssa us ms fea fea fear aya yaHyfsm 7 a 
hhto ms ss%sar ap^s a ssaar us 1 

fes s ss s ufusP ^aP us 'fsidK ms §sa 
fed ul m 7 s ssars FTsa feafss arts hs ss 7 s 
maras usisas a fsatfy ms yasfPsa mfems §■ 
sar offs 7 1 

U.y.-^77. fy. H 7 . 4 : 248 




146 



f a^felT, fefetym Oly-ddS Hddld'dd 

f hhhrtw : 

fen »o-ratoft fnftwar, bm »rfe HHOT-fefarypfet w 
tTWH 23 .dd^dl , 1868 fe HH'nnfeH d'n fen did 
yfddidcs fen trfewi fen fern ufefn ymataft aafet 

fenrnt I few 1895 fen d'd^dsi yfefedfHdl 3 si'ojddd 
aftfeti fen ufaw 1 fenfetfe ( 1894 - 96 ) yrfe fen 
yj dttfe' yfefedfHdl (1897-1910) feyutHnfen T i 
10 :nw fe gt nn 3 ar fen yrnafe 1 - fey anw fea? 
Frarqt Hvmr fefewnw yfe aran 1 fen 1- yrfe fen n 

WH fe fen fe fen 1897 fe 1914 33 >mwa r 

yfefeafnat fey 16 mr Hisdiid fwni 

nw 1909 fen 'NAACP' (ahww ^hh 1 «h* am 
nt ytsTgarna ypg arwan" irtuw) fen fen fe feup- 
fearn T w ipfeyni fen 1910 fe 1932 fear fen fen 
feaww yiwfenw w sj'fedocdn yrfe fen n ainfe 'Cri- 
sis 'n 7 - nfet few fan 1 1 fen 1934 fen fen ymrft- 
yHcS n fen nn wjf 3 ym n few 1 fe fen yrnnfenw 
nn-ganft apw war n fan nfe at nnat n w f 3 nnnf 
nTT^nfernyfePK^^ftp^ 1933 fe 

1944 33 fen wn n nnnT-fgfawm nn w nnt 
yrfe fen 1933 fe 1945 33 >fenHfefemft 5 ffer ypn nt 
fetnin w w wa 3 fen r 1 

fen i 96 i fen f fefen arfeQfeHd inant fen 
nyrw n few 1 yrfe uiwfeyn 1 3 gn few 1 1 fen fen 
< y(? 7 H i feofM 3 feH T yrantarw’ w sPfeanaa feferyri 
‘nt nwn w? awn tor’ (1903), ‘fpw mfw’ (1909), 

‘sw 3 dto(<sH<o<Hcs’(i 935 ), ’gnnyrm few’ (1940), 
’nt gawm yrfe yrantar’ (1947) yrfe ‘few taw am 
Ufer’ ( 1952) yfen fen ntyfe an ynnar aw 1 

27 yrama, 1963 £ up?? fen mam fen fen nt 
K 3 n nfet 1 

U. y.-yfe. ft. fr. 5 :1074 ; yfe. yd. 9 : 374 

3 "’ y'i'H , tJ'drtH (Du Bos Charles) : fen 

ddfelfe mfe mamat H'fey a nan ypwn3 fen ntyfe 
namntym, h« yrfe yrfenw nant feyn 1 333 
jgnfeffeftyr a 1 ftwn yfaiafet ntnn # 5 - faffey? few 1 , 
fen W 3WH 27 W3W, 1882 £ Cffen fefe nfew I 
fen fe morning fen mfe fen nanwt fen fefnyp- 
14013 oMl 

fen nt >r nin ran nti fe fen§" nnnn 3 nt 
yfnrnnt Hfem nnt n nfet 1 fen in nfe nfe nnferfeft 
-fenfet dmfe <ofendd yfe unfenn Hnfert ypfn nfe 
ynw ntnti fen nfer fed y' fenfennwinnn 
yfenn ijtn non offer ifen-fenn fet norm n 1 fen nt 
wn nnt fen dnn 1 " nt nmn £ nn’ tfe nw-ymn ‘H T s"cn 
nfe yfe fen nnn nfe nt §n nn?r urncr nt ‘§n’ np- 
yfennnn 3 sft un 1 ^ ufent nti ftfe fefe fen nfe 
nn 1 ffeyp- fen nt fen ipnin ypnfecr am nn# nfet 1 



fen nt nnn 1 - £ Transr fennfetn’ (g- ftran 1 ) 3 fen fen 
ypnt fen nnntfet n 1 U 3 1 nam 1 n yfe fen 3 fe" 1927 
fgn fen amn crnfen unn fen nwn n faw 1 1 

5 yramn, 1939 fe w-nw-nn awfn ffen fep 
n 1 nnfe 3 " fnpx 1 1 

a. y.-yrn. fe. h 1 . 3 : 686 

f>T : fen nnn in nt nfet ant feu 1 * nn 1 mal 
gaffeyp- fen 1 nt fernnt ntfe anro" rnw aw n an nl 
nfet feu 1 * nn 1 §" nwfent nt 1 fer 1906 3 gn nel 
fen nn 1 an fen nagfe 1917 fen nfe napgn nani 
nm aftfet nfet 1 fM 1 n 1 apnfnar yran n ‘na-fe^a 
(deliberation) i fennt nmjTn an fen ipnwtvfefe nw 
yfet ufam smn nft 1 fei 1905 fen §n fen nfel 
y.di'^y n fnfeyp- n %yn nn n'nn'n fenwn nn ^ 
ypyfe »wfnn fen nfet aftn ufenr-una fen fn 1 n 
yrw ?7 ofld 1 , fen nfet war 1 §" fen nfetcS" nyffew 
ffeyp- fe fen fear ifetfen yfenwt nfeaft yfe anr ^ 
fexpn nt an amgfet £ fen nt ygnanft sfet warn 
afeatt 1 y-fyw, 1906 fen nvp- nt ufewt ntfear an 3 
ufnw 1 at nnw ap^n w amn nn am n fentyp- ? 
amfet mm n nn fan ypfn £ fen? yffaam ynn 3 
yam nn fan 1 ! fpp- nt ufewt ntfem 10 nnt 3 21 
nwfet, 1906 ; nfet 5 nan 3 16 nn 1907; feint 
14 ?fenn 1907 ; nnt 22 nn, 1912 yrfe 28 ntnn 
1912, Urfet nan, 1917 £ net 1 ufnw n ffe nt na 
5 gfe nfafe £ efe n mart nnfe fe yrfnn fen fe an 
fnnfe fwn gam nt ufelfouy aftfeti fofe fem 
fennw yrfe HHfeHd fennt am 1 n 1 u^g gnn nt yfe 
fen nn fen nmn feypfen wnt fen fnn nn 1 ng" fn 
ypirfet feypn yat an 3 nfew 1 tar a afetyr 1 

ns" 1907 fen nn fen nnr-nwn nnin ynn 1 
H 3 nt fnfenn ypnarfetfen Ha'felfun £ man nn ora 
fen-fainfel nfeyr nt yfelfeud 1 £ mafen ?fet feni 
yfeuacd 1 fe an w fnfet 1 fen ypipn fe fetfet fw nn 
ferafet gnad^fenl ntyafenfefernHdcPd gw asm 
aftfe fnt nfeft yrfe an nnnt girn 1 nt fevpfen aftfe 
fen naapnt nwaam 1 fe yrananfet ntyfe nfetw 
fetfetyp- nt ypwna? # aftfeti fenfe un rm n 1 ua 
nfenfenyf 1 ! 

nnt fn 1 gt a^fefet nti fe^fefe" nfewt gfe 
fem Iwnt nfet ffefe" ffefe 1 feife- nt nasra- nfet fedim 
gnnt nfet yrfe few arnfe nnarn gw n 7 ? ntmrwfe 
nndtaTtfetfefenfennwyrngnnnraftnrife- 191: 
fear naara nt fen nnt 3 fe fennt an nfet 1 r-pan 
1917 nt anpgn nam fn 1 fe ypnfet anmt nafei? 
aftfet frmfe ufawt ypafet nanm anfet yrfe amna 
ffetnn nfe n 343 fenn w ngTam fetn 1 1 

a. y.-yfn. fe. h 1 . 4 : 267 




3>F, tyrtdlH oJd : for §Hy sid'Hlrfl BW Ht 
fopfe fH 7 feHH H refe cTW Ht FPlfoy TTfe 7 H I for 
tfttf cV dW'oPd P-K-idliH sSd gK 1- UtdT H 7 77 T rT T feirT LdH 
pfe ‘HHfoy THcfe H Hfetfo" feH Ht I for H 7 tTc^Vf 27 
t!«'«t, 1824 re ufor fey- nfoy ifer^w hhht rent 
yydy^'tdl ^yir fey- forfe fee - for £ §h hh fefo 
Hdfefer for fofoy re fore re hh srare h Hyyferei 

for H 7 yfd»' cPWPy cVHtt 'La Dame aux Camelias' 
( 1848 ) ret uh for £ feut srnfet 1852 Ht. fen bw 
H HU feH gfot feH H 7 MHTOTt fe Camille H I for 

Hafolfi dlPW ^fot H frefare nfoy fot for £ 
ypUHtdy* 1 feHHHWfenf^lfOTHWJHfe 
fenre 7 fen uffere ^ nt yfeddd 1 fre hh 
fere 7 3 - fen fof fUHH Ht fere I for H 7 THHH 'Le 
Demi - Monde 'fesfydl Hreu 7 feUTH Ht UU 7 HT 
UHHfo Hfet 5H H 7 freHUH hhh 7 hi for £ 3TH- 
of££\ yfefo yfe °nre n nfeffo fofo fet hhhh 7 wf> 

fwrefefolWlfiScI HdHd fHTT H cVdcP £ HHH 7 H 1 " 

^rerefoH>r¥Hnreuy§reMHfoH>y^ fen 

PPHHfe ^ dt^dH 7 cP^ fm H TPHfe ^ 
UHH 7 fedt 1 H ?7 1875 fen for £ SHUT Ht fofeHt H 7 
H yd ye'fynf 7 fHpy 1 

fHH" H HPPHH 6'doc' fey 'Le Fils naturel ' 
(1858; ‘Ht cfodrt HTT’) MH 'Un pere prodigue' 
(1859) SFHH HH I for >H3H 7 HHH feH for £ WU£ 
fire 7 H 7 HfH3H UH refoni 

27 ?feW, 1895 t HHret-fe-Hfe fey for H 7 
HTPreU-foPH 7 ! 

0". y.— >fo. fo H 1 ". 3 : 701 ; »fo 9 : 396 

fHfe ifotfcjt ydlwt <^dl : HfeHHHHfe H 
for HUH H 7 H77H 18 HHfot, 1759 £ fofe 7 fey 

nfoy i for £ HTfe 1 h ofhh fen few 7 irure oftret 
for 1781 nt. fen fen h 7 wntfegsre? foyntre 
1786 fey for HH77 fowl fop dd'cS for £ fedj 
yfotHofo Odfe TTHPHfet cti? H HHCT UH 7 c?H HH I 
fo 1788 feH for trfor fePH 7 1 ft fofeTHHforfo 
Hdft HHHt H HIHt I tTcTsfo, 1789 H HW, 1790 3H 
fop H $ 1 dl d 1 dl HHHfHHtfo feH HUH ftfo fopf 7 1 

H* 1791 fey «sJc5 Ldd £ fop £ iHdrit HHH 
7PH ftfo £ for H HHt Idd'HlHt yHfefo H 7 mPHH 
Hfol 

fo 1814 fen fH 7 HHH 7 ^UH HH 7 fo»T 3 
fife- Ufreffej of’Htt H 7 ^H 7 HH" fHRH 7 ! for Ht UHdo( 
'Soukenirs sur Mirabeau' for H HH77 fe-RJ3 1832 Ht. 

fen LoPltre- unt i for yrreor fen for £ sfor fo foret 

HH HH3^yH?r PPHHfet <^d<i* offot H MH for feH 
f>ld 'y H cfo d 'Hci rpirH oil d iJ77 I 



29 H 3 HH, 1829 £ feHHt feH fopre fey- for 
Ttfetaisti 

H. y.->fo. fe. H 1 ". 3 : 703; >>fe. fel. 9 : 398 ; >fo. fe. 
7 : 753 

3>F, .Cd'H'S 1 (Dumunt, Francois) : fel 

Hfor h HHre" gyn fHforafo fen for rrt i for h 7 htth 
7 H*<%dl, 1751 £ ^cfefo fey-ufomfo - 1788 fen 
for fore 3 " h fyddocdl ftry 'Oci hht fiw yre for £ 
5p?H fey Hoptt for fo»ri for £ ypiforfo h hhh" 
foit fe>KH 3 ftfo-fTfe §Ht-fo?fo ; HHt fofefo? , ^Ht 
»re hhhtt nrfe ntfo huh" hhh Hrfetd 7 
ye'dlfo i for h 7 H'fdidy for h 7 tfo 3H 7 ret ffofe 

TOH cTTH H 7 Hreonttl for 1810 fen £ fofeHt 

UsiM fkfor rrti 

for H 7 forfo 27 W 1 H 3 ", 1831 fen ufor fey 

nfon 7 ! 

H. y.->>te-. fe. H 1 ". 3- 704; J>f7T. fe. 7 : 753 

fHW, ^'dWH .dd'H -^ 1 ¥ 7 ) : H 3 TR" H for 

Hdrttt Pre firWHHH H 7 iHTjH" 25 Hrt^dl , 

1739 £ fey uforf 7 1 forn 7 Hire 7 ire h 7 oth- 
yifijordl rrtiH 7 r 1758 fen for ddfelnl HrrfeH s/ddl 
ufoy »re rrre re uftfot ?fet for ypure fire 7 tth 
rere-rew 3 HT Hrere refeH fo>y 1 fere for re urpyr 
feHH rent foft ’h rrerere 7 rmre feret 1 

hhw pt UHffe re for £ 1767 fen Hrefnre, 
1770-72 fen refeyre 1773 fen rfetrere fen gjyre 
H.d'ddl fore 7 re tffor 1 nre 1773 fen fofo ^renr 
hh 7 £ rpftriH srare h hh fen hh ore fiw 1 nre 1775 
fey Ifor fop»r ufoy yre orrere h ptuh crere fewr 
reffey ffoy 1 Hre 1778 fey for ydyddi fey ornfeH 
fregcrre uffor 7 nre yraire 11 nre for re for yyddi'd 
h feopy h 7 othh nreret dfoy 1 

rere 1789 fen Hfor fen frereyrere >yfoy 1 Hre 
1790 fen for HH'fy* rre ?rere yre fo>y yre *c5dH 
fey for iret refetrere h 7 c?wh yfe>y 1 forn rere 
rere ret fore ray rent Hrefe re foyfere 7 feyrrre 
oftretfo 1 

HHH, 1792 feH for fdldTsJ cS H 3 Ht HHre feH 
fefoH T HfofoH 7 Hre^afoyi>yHHf>yHforHre- 
feM hh fore ynre fod'fire yfdCidilfo rere yre £ 
trref HHre y'dff'H dd'fHH HH fefo" HHT HHre HHt fo 
ipfoyi fttn wPt 20 >yfo, 1792 re wlw feyr 
ildi h 7 yiwc 5 hh fere 7 foy 1 ffer £ >yyd 1 fo hh 7 Ht 
^nre Sfeirefo?- wrawt 5- u'dfen w ynsPH h 
o'Q re d'y oTdre rent fet offref 1 HHrfey yfHH 7 fey 
HHforrt ire 7 £ hh Mi 12 ffo 1792 £ fen gy 
Hddl fregorre nfoy uh frere fere hhth Ht fforre for 
>hhh re wrref.H'- h h §ren fen hh fo snyre fore 




ffeyw 



148 



fret i for nore uronf nrefenr ww tot fen nre 3 " 
famf 7 I 20 H 3 TO S fen W tffet fe f^fe fen TOTOT 
fenr tfe S ore fust nre fefe S toot fen gw nn 
f^l 6 ?fe^£fenwfe{Vfef 53 T fefeanrHtto T fe 
toto S to 7, ft twfeyw §re refe are srt# i 

26 TOTOt, 1793 S' fell W O^sT TO W feTO 7 

to fenS S^ltre »re <gtw fey - nnfetnt 7 an are 
tret 1 for tort fenS aaitfe to fret nre Snww 

dcStcSHA S^ 3 T??retuf 3 H tWTOWfe Ofe*' ydfe) I 

h 5 .lod'H fe'S o S fen ay TOfe war ft 01 
wro- wferon in to fenw §17 S nrnttnf 7 to arow 
to fere 7 1 fen fenr afe S utr fnre 7 nre fro nry 
npnfenr 7 aw 7 few 1- ! fen fe nw-nnwt stow 
arotnfre w fenn nn ferefen nforeaTtnf 7 S nrerfe 

c(<WrtH(S fen cTTO fed 1 I 

TO HH 7 tTOHWt nfTO nfedddfSsf fed d fd<i Hdld 

fro fedi Asi nr femp-fay 1800 st. fen fenwunnw 
treat hj anti tot 1814 fen toot fen arererofe 
arfen an to greron yaw ret nrrejt 1 w feroro toot 
nrfew to ufefe rer front 1 

14 hot, 1823 w ferofe yfromfea fen to feu 
tooto fey trro a afet 1 

u. u.-nfw fa. vr. 3 .- 704 

fK iTfeF : fenfeor ufncr dafelnl fwHrerow 
nrefirnfendrerodd to ngfe awaufe afenr 7 a 1 
fere 7 tok 22 wren, 1857 S nrretniy fey afenr 1 

nw 1888 fen fenw tire w ferotn fen utn 
fere 7 nre aiOK fwwt are wrer aw farer 1 hw 1895 - 
96 to roarer fen fo§w garofe to Knot trow fen fere- 
Hddl fan nre fenw nprorowt To’ fsdi'Q<t to 7 fen 
niu.dfi oid 6 fere 7 ! nw 1897 fen fen 6 fan-few to 7 
amdtsa nanfenr 7 famr nre fen fenS afe reare 7 ww 

TOferen 

nw 1902 fen fen TOfe yre nffenr nre tnfetw 
toto to treat how S nfantoT row re fewnre to fnro 1 
fen fenS otoh nfenr S fe°r nremro feant nn n jn 
fen tm 7 to fnfe 7 1 TOrot, 1905 fen fen nro n 7 
ncm nfenr fepn 7 1 fro fenS 1906 nt. fen diiddd 
n 7 arennudt hwtt n 7 nrenw craw ntw 7 1 

nfewt fern tot 'fen fen fenn nn ?ann nfe 
are nn, n nare fenS arit sra^refer nfeit treat 
tfew fen nn Hofenuan to sffe 1 fes - 1921-22 nre 
fea 1925-26 fen fen yn fen-treat nfenn feRH 7 ! 
TOTrot, 1927 fen fenS hto n 7 narer nfenn famr 7 1 
wnt, 1931 fen fen arenro n 7 arereairet to famr 7 
nre 13 ^SfenSfenyreTOTOrefenri 

6 not, 1932 at. S fen S fen ant namfet S 
crew to fen 7 1 

J. fe. 7 : 612 



wreren : TOnfe n fen fenacTO >m 1 
uwdTrnnt' srw n Hare srwrere n 7 iren 21 wnt 
1471 S na 77 TOn fey afeyf 7 1 

fen w ymre nferore fire 7 n crayre fen ni 
fnro 7 ya fen 7 1 yruwt ^ro nrot fey^d 1 n 7 n§i 
fen S 1484 fe. fen nt-fena nro n On fen 7 1 n? 
i 486 fen fen S fendocd nfetnw fwatna 1 
fenaroat feyfet to fent 1 fnywfet yat tow n tomt 
1490 fe. fen fen w fen nroro crfenia ?n nnn 7 n 
no 7 to fen 7 1 ypyw nre nre 7 fe nrea 7 nare fe> 
TOnwt n afet fnfeyf 7 fen utfror nre to to nre 7 1 
fonoorot tow too 7 ! ntfren nare n f^n 7 S fer < 
nw-aan fen fentonfi nw 1498 fen fen c 
nferelwyn n 15 Inna, ‘wan Onw’ n nn nw, fe 
1502 n 1504 ‘nrefe nrre fe TOfnfe n 19 SO nn 
fen ntr nare (1495-1504) fe crfe ?tfentnr fentnp 
fere ‘an fefnn’ , ‘ nt areaan fen, nt TOfere fen n 
trfe’ nrfn 1 fefe nn §n feawt fe nfe n 7 uro 
nirro n i feawt fen fea n rea ( 1 494- 95 ) nre 1 50 
n 1507) nfe femr 7 nt 1 fen fen w nrere 7 too 7 to 
tfcnfey fyd'fenFi 

nw 1512 fen h 1 n h 1 0 Hrottretniw ufaw w fe 
w nfet fenaopa fwnnn fere 7 nre fro fen nran : 
1519 nt. nfefaa 7 ! TOnSt n sret fro nwrere 7 to 
few fe nrenre nt yn 7 nt ynnar n afetn fen fen ; 
ant naa srofeaT fent 1 fen to fret fen S nret yro 
fen Ownw wot aret 1 nw 1 5 1 5 nn fen w nreaareai 
yfnfeunrefenti 

nw 1521 fen fen nrrot ?ttnawn fe an 
ynn tow nawrocr nr fdinr 7 nre nruro too 7 to 
fero fen fenfenr 1 fen fe fero-nroTat fen nt 
nfewt, Ona, arfenre 7 nre few yn-atn totw a? 
fero yn-arn 7 fen tototo 7 ffet nare ynrear ‘fefe 
nre reyanw fen fe feiOnre nfe awa few wfew 
uwre yfeaw nrefe’ (1525), ‘fefen nre QOanre 
(1525) nre fewOfe n nrerfen yn-atn ‘fenroorn 
nre fe tafefetnw ntre fefere, renwn yfe afere 
(1527) tohw aw 1 re 1526 fea fen w nrure re : 
yfetr fena ‘TO n^y 7 nw , (Four Apostles) (re TOW, H 
ufea, re tow nre re htost) nrefenr 1 

6 nfew, 1528 S na^dOcr fen fenfetfn 
afet 1 feawt n ret faO nwrea 7 fe ofe fen tt nre; 
nrro S ‘nrafena fOn/ nnan 7 nt 1 ‘ trew nfwaanii 
( 1496 ); ‘nrere nre (w. 1500), ‘t 

ritare nre fe ttaft ‘( 1504 ), fe fenn nre fe a 
di'dfisJd’ (1506), ‘naT fenn fen fe srere 
(1506), ^wnyrnfen’ (i 507 )nrinfennTOufe 
TOann fnna awi ‘nt ferefe (1493), ‘tfeaw i 
TOfero ( 1496 ), ‘Ore nre n naT re 5 (1500,150 




149 



wfa fen - few after wtete an 1 fea at ‘wh yte 

fed (1504); HcT WS RW’ (1509), ‘awn tanfe 
(S3te'd 1509-11), ‘nfefe sfe tte JNw’ (1513), 

wfa fen few ga after ptefetw an i 

a. U.-y|?r. ft. H 7 . 5 : 1085; yta. n\H. 9 : 420 ; tW. 
Wf. 6 : 429 

sfd'G, ATT ¥ H'd 1 did 1 ; fea g'dlrt a 7 fear 

w J k 

§W H'fddcCd at a safe aran wan htf wte 

‘WHaia’ ‘Caramuru’ ddc< id 'few r-lte O' I 

fgTT a 7 ant W 1737 fe. tea aw afew (Cata 
Preta) tet afew I fea fe afef t wfea fat Anfed 
to tea feftw iran fefei an 1756 tea 
tfeHaa 7 gnteafafe (adddi's) n fea fe aaa 
tefewn tea ^>a<a fe teafe sfe 1 an 1758 tea 
fea w? wa a? wfe a areatwa wnife 
tea awa a few fat fea a feaatw irfet^aafe 
Hawaara5rafetfeWfena 7 iidfl An nfe 1 nfea aa 

•s — 

fea fe aa efew fiw 1 to - 1762-63 tea aun tea 
naata afen fiisf fea aa afnw feTW 1 Qy fea uu 
^ M'feydlwi fea 7 >e§f e a r fawaa + wn An- 
an ito affw 1 an 1778 tea fea yaadan Hi? 
wfew wfe afenaa 7 fat uaa aama a 7- utaa an 
few 1 y^l aa a 7 a at fea araatyrn w?tes faa aw 
feTW a Qy a 7- ytt aa ferw 1 

an 1781 faa fnaan fat fea a naffat atna 
at Hd'* aaw 'Caramuru' fett I fen 3Tn a awa a t 
fe fea at Haw fean a 1 - fea an fa Ha naf fuw a 
irw afew at, fea a wiial W aa aaa afetW 
aocva 7 ' jaa a awa aa fefew 1 

24 aaaaf, 1784 fe fnaan fat fea w aafe a 
few 1 

a. y.-WT. ft. H 7 ". 3 : 721 ; yfe. ft. 7 : 774 

ffeoT, Oldltd^ KtHW : fea Safe w 
fea after aann wa fewawwn afew a faaw 
atatwr a 7 af aa a 1 aaataf awaaa fea 7- ai fea 
a 7 aw 25 waaa, 1772 at. faa afea faa 
UTTayaa faa afewi aaf ufeaa paa - after as - aaa 
fea f at afea a aererfe a .tat aaa - faa afaw 
few aa awa faa feta 7 aa naa few a fea aafe 
a 7 !^ w a 1793 faa tea a^a - faa aara a few 
>aa fteft a tat auafe faa aw few 1 aa 1796 
faa wtrtl wr fea ?> wife tea a few wa fea §■ 
teaHwafeaafta>>fec(d(5(H. awaafetwfaa 
afawi feaa afe aHafet fea a aatnfe teat aa 7 
to feaat uaa 7 ate aa 1 an iso4 a fea uyt 
teauat a »raa a w few ma wife fea waa to 
a aaai fete afew faa aar Pinaran anfea aftw 1 

htw tea fean aaa afetw tetw at offetw 



ffeaTorwtefe 
ftrfe tea 1807-08 few aawiafe >>fe ten few 

teiw aaairoaT an tefefer ferfe nta atn tea 
atrwKatet atet fnuwa 7 a fewi aa Waa taw 
cian a ufew tefetwa aa 7 fea fe awa Bfe 7 at i 

an 1813 tea fea n a naa aw fate fewi 
fean nfe afe terafe tea ertt tef few wa naan 
>te afeaan few nwfeW tea fe faa 7 fewi 
fafealw tet warna tei a afe fe tfer naa awr t 
fea auvft a few ma 23 >fet, 1813 nfefeatwtea 
Hwrawaatetfteteteaafeiwtfewanfeafe 
ter a 7 aaa aaT a?r 7 few 1 

a. U.->te. ft. H 7 . 4 : 295 

|3d 1 , dilidi-r (Durand, Guillaume) ; fafet fe 
fate arte fe ate ate fea feut aafefat naa aamat 
a 7 ana ufe fea" (Puymisson) tet ja. 1230 fe. tea 
afew 1 feafe tea fww fe uaa afen fe awa fe 
fearat uora aan aara aa faa nfe fea n Qy ym 
fta irtw tet ifftaw 1 an 1260 fe §a Hara fea n 
‘afe at’ aaa tea fea arr fnaom few few 1 fea fe 
Hdid fea aa ffefeW at traasr yfe awfewr 
f* gafe W fe fea 7 mfe 1283 tea fear ?te at a 7 
araana anas' an ffew 1 aafa fea ayfe safe tea 
afe tet feau jter few 1 fea at uawr 'Speculum 
iudiciale' (1271-1276) gaa rats fea fear SUcT afe 

aw after a ftew 1 fea yaaar a T aHar arfen wa ga 
aa wr fean arfen ^ fe°r na^ afe a 1 'Rationate 
divinorum ofFiciorum' (W 1285-91) fea fe fecT aa 

feuffferaa ai 

a. y.-yfn. ft. h 7 . 3 : 720 ; 9 : 4 i 7 ;y(?r.ft. 

7 : 772 

gfddi oi 'drt ^ril* : aatet a fea waafnar, 
fewfef wa-aranat yfe wra a 7 ana 12 wraaf, 
1833 n aafsn tet afewi wnn fe u^fet aran 
feraa 1856 fe 1 859 fear fean awnaaftfeuawr 
fe tfe'dl aran waw fea tew sa a aafsn fe 
gafteafeat tea wa tw Wtrwn aran sar few 1 an 
1864 fe 1877 sar fea aafsn gnteafefe tet aaan 
wa wy-H'Hdd a 7 iraaa faa 7 1 aaan ym yraa- 
waaa fe feww fea n arfea, ftteara wf ataa a 
afet ta-ara fet 1 afe aa ta Agate yfe teaa- 
wte a fna fean aran fea n aaa afe teafe aw 
ara sti 

ffaar w eaan saa arafe yffeian wafe a 
aaan fe wwfaa ai fea a faiwn awa a tea 
ifeawa fe aaa anar fenfe a 1 ntfet-aama tea 
fea n wan wwwel tea^ aa aftfe ani ga 
wsaar n anwa na fea a teafe fe fawst 
afew a 1 after vaawrwfe san wama n fea fe 
wfeawafffe i 




150 



f dd, .^dfedHS 

'Capital and Arbeit 1 (1865), ’Kritische 
Geschichte der philosophic 1 (1869), 'Nalional-and 
socialokonomic' (1873-92) >>13" 'Logik and 

vvissenschaftstheorie ' (1878) M'Pd 35 H 6 M3 M3d- 
dd33 dtdt ffedT dtM 7 UfW OHdoP 33 I 1 Sache 
Leben and Feinde 1 (1882) fed dt dfe-rife*l 3 1 

21 d3W, 1921 A efe'feln (Nowawes) ffed 
fen dt H3 3 dfet I 

3. U.— fed. fe. H 7 . 3 : 696; >>177. >VH. 9 : 389 

|ld d , .<SdM>tdHo( (Durante, Francesco) : 

feddt 3 for HdfldSd d 7 377K 31 HW, 1684 £ 
3UW3 fed dfeM 7 ! for £ 3d M3 3133 3U7B3 fed 
fdfdM 7 333 5ft3t I 

fen 3 Sdf fed fed Mfe-ffefdMrfoM 7 fed 
fdfdM 7 fddtl 33 1745 ffed fed MW-Sfe? 3 HW 
H'rt GrfelG ffed Hd MftjMnjcT ft PdlM 7 I 

fell dtM 7 HdOdd dtlcVfe ffed 333, 3Tf3, H3lffe 
ddt Hdftd M3 3d 7 dfel 333 Sdt ddft3 3113 3 1 

13 M3TH3, 1755 3 3U33 ffed for dt H3 3 

dldl I 

3. U . — >>I7S . fe. 3. 3 : 72 

>HFrar ; Hys 3 33 Mifetcd 3 fed 

fddd^d, cSoCHloCd' M3 Hid 333 d 7 333 PcS^ddHl 
33T ffed, 333d?7 fed 21 M3TH3, 1796 3 dfeM 7 I fed 
f-fdd fdddolM 1 dt 3333 fd33 Uddit 3 ddllM 7 
fed feddt I feddddfe 19fef ddt 3 Hd ffed fecjfHd 
3dtl 

fdfdM 7 ddfd 333 f33 3 d^fed 7 3f of}3 T l3 T 3 
333 3 fd33 ‘dt HdlfiS'di Mfe dt ffeeddddd Mfe 
nSsTl i-lss h’ 3 Qc(d S' Od'Qd cV « 1823 dt. dS fed 
333 dfdd 3 IdTM 7 Hi M3 MHdt?! 7 3 §?d cSol'Hlol'd' 
ffed felfdM 7 Idd 331 fdM 7 Ht I fed 3 ddFd-dddcT 7 
M3 ddfertM 7 ddt fet fd33 ddfel fed 3 fe'ff 1 ^ 1 for 
3 72 dfdd MHdtfef HHcC&Im 7 dtM 7 dHfeld' 3533 
SftdtMM 

fen 3 MOtd 33 H'dldH fdd 3P dfedfet 7dd 
3cT ?73 dt OcChfl fed 5TU7tt erferf c(1d1 i dd d 
7fe71d MSddt Mfe fddMl3 (1826) 3 33313+ fW 
fe5T dt M3 1845 3 1861 33 fed 3 U33 fed 7 Ht I 

U33” 373333 dtM 7 %3 T 33 ri'dcodl 303 
5133 ddt H3 1840-41 333 fed" 33U felM 7 ! 3ftlH 
MT§3 3 feH 3 U3H3 fe?3, 333 M'dldcS^S Idl'd 7 
M3 fef - fedTRfe 3 dfefes f-fdd 3331 TS3dd 
dfdfefe (1849) fol dt H3 3 §3K f^T3 31 

17 H3H3, 1886 3 TT33H3 f3J fen 3t H3 3 

dldl I 



3. y.-WT. >HH. 9 : 416; 3T. Wt. 6 : 427; WT. fe. H 7 " 
3 : 719 

fih3 : 33H3t 3 §33-lfeK f%3 7333331? 
dHd^AlMT 33T e 7 fe5T Hf33 3 fddd 1 M'dldrt UdW 
dMT" Q^ddT-UdgT drt'd'' f%3 3M3 dfdM 7 3 
? T fSM r 3 1 333 HW3, IOJ3 3t3 3l 333 3 fol 3 
HH3J73 748 f%3 feS" 33'fo(H 3331" ?3 5ft3l I H31c 
for 3 U33 33333 M3t3 fel 3 1 'fed + M3 H'fecV's! 
3t did fdd 1 M3 M T U3lM i " HSH3 31313 dd'6 0H7 
feH Hf33 t MHJ^ M3 1- 33 '11^ i 33 1242 fed fe 
tfa? fdQd 1 Mdl3 M 1 " f3P>3 I 33 1543 fed dfe? 
3 fe AlMH Udfe M3 d 'dH 'd dddH UTTfe 3337 35 
33 fed fed 3 fdd dl s('d"l Odd 'til ddl M3 Hdld nfd< 
£ Hd §3 r f3M T felM 7 1 

ddl 331 33T fed fed fed dfet Hd H3H3 
UfeW I 33T H3T3 fens' fe3 ^H T f3M T feTM r I H3 1971 
3 ddfe 3 Hf fed 3J33f35T M3 fedSHdW 3 fe753 
fed fed HO-FB cfl3 313 I fed 53313, 133 dfeF ^33? 
SXI^, dfed, 3l?HM3 3H'fe3' i ' 3 T G3U T 33 Hd 7 3 I 

MTdfet - 85,867 (1983) 
so'W fed. ! 6°28 / y. 3d. 

3. y.-WT. fe. H 7 . 4 : 289 

o5^* o( , tfeT ; HMS3 33T MUdfe- 3 fe 
fd335P3, H3315P3 M3 fdfdM5r d 7 371H 9 MS3dc 
1848 £ tddl 331 fed dfeddd fetofofl fed 5 
MKHtoT 3 Hd 7 dtM 7 BdiM 7 £ g3d 3 df5T33fe T 3 d< 
0f33 cfld 7 1 

fed 3 fdffed fed fertdttd dfetdd 3 fefePi 
IFU3 cft3ll m 1875 fed HH33 fed ddifel 317 
Udddfet dd?! Hd 7 d 7 fdM 7 ?! fed dlM 7 f^Td 7 fe 
fdfdM 7 feTM 7 I H71 1878 3 1888 3337 ddl dd^ 7 
Mddtsrt 5T3 T cT r 3 i 3 feQf*S, 333d M3 fe 
fe ?> fe c5 1 dl fed fed 3 fdfdM 7 ddd dtdl I d?l 1888 : 
3M3 fed Sdt H'di dd fll 6 fll 0 1 dt dt M'dd Moddl 
d 7 did ffed i ^d 3 fK^3Md Ifed fed dtM 7 fed 7 1 
HU3 did HdTfd d I 33dd 3 ddd'A^l SdPdHd'cS fe 
ddTdM 7 fed dPuddtd 7 33 fed dldd 3 ddtM 7 f^r 

=x 

dl 

3 ddddl, 1919 £ GdidlG 3dT fed, PHtSpHTM 
Ifed fdd dl H3 d diol I 

d. y. fed. fe. 7 : 805; >>177. Mlt. 9 :443 ; >Hd. fe. V 

3:731 

f t^Ptffe W fF : fed 33 dM Udl 

H'Hddl d 7 TTcTK 1581 dt. fed 0M6 (Bayonne) fe 
ufeM 7 1 fed M37B71 3 dfetM 7 fed 8 

dfed MtSfedPH?! 3 d3d dt feffdM 7 UOfd S3d Idd 
d 7 33d 7 WS feddd fed dfed fed fed fdTM 7 I 




151 



HS 1611 # Hdld S edf^M S’ fey Mai# 
fa# aSHS S# fey S fey ##ayfs e #eS MS 
§y et# fey# a# wy etyti fes 1617 fee fee 
ae'dfe (Poitiers) e fel ^ feet Heya !WI fee 

1618 fee fen S’ ire# yrfiw few My fes 1620 
fee awfe# (Saint-Cyran) w w awffe# few I 
feHOT fey S Wf #a # fee Hfet# fee 1 " ## B# 
ftwi 

f tarfej# fey Mferayts et# wt# #y sas 
eyfoa nay fee aae lawfe e mis se sfeF 1 fey 
ayes# nee eiayfey Safey y aw ay ftwi 
fes 1637 fee fey s edawe e se aa afeyw fey 
H'fedmae ( Solitaires ) ## few et year# et# 1 

fed fey S ufeay M#£>tMy (Petrus Aurelius) e 

fe ds qy#yfe e fegy ffeyyr aa cfey- 1 fey y# 
fey s feffes (Richelieu) s 6 'd'tH ea few 1 §y e 
aey s : 3 y eaffytH s are ye few few 1 fes 1643 
fee faffes et ny Gaay fey s fee 1 " et# fepy 1 fey 
e y# yyarafe fey y aey wfey ae 1 

11 Meyaa, 1643 S afey fey fey et fey a 

dllfl I 

a. y.-#r. fe. tr. 3 ■. 731 ; #r. mfe. 9 .• 443 

fficJ#, t?v# : feeyft#(Me#ey ywfeer 

fee s#fet# yet # fey et# fee s# fey few 
fee safe## eyfe set Mwst a ai# 1 fey e 1 " ssh 
28 sae#, 1840 fee afey fey ###1 t#faa # 
feys m.'odloc fee ye r yes e 1- ea aj et# m# 
1857 at. fee Mwffetw fee fee eea safety se 
feys after pays feat esfee tea et nee ears a 
afeti >nsale # cpy# yas set irfew feys tat 
fya fee # Me# see teat fa# m# fee fey s 
§y# yfaa 1- et aw at# m# fys He were fee 
dd'H eajy m#w My Merst fey fer afe feys 

1864 fee 'Exploration du Sahara Ses Touareg du 
nord' # et feye sT# I 

feys Marat# yMe et# cpyew eas 
ms##w m# fefsfefer et# aefet# set# 
#w et fer at# 1 feys anaer e f#sw m# #yw 
Ha# fer eas as yer fiws feyi as i 88 i fee 
feys W feflsy (La Tunisie) My 1884 #. fee 
ysat (Sanusi) httomw fy fey# gyefefeei 25 
wfe, 1892 fee safer fee aea fey fey # ay a 
afet i 

a. y - ms. fe. tr. 4 ■. 304; ms. ma. 9 : 504 

tfefet OtlMdl : esfee e naatM feyer fee 
feeer s fee yrfay eye ety ai fee# OyCidi 1 
fee fee OeCid! ewt Qymdi aifey Qyoidi feeey 
# Crerya, fey# fw atfeya yeetfeaT yefe 
aery ai 



fea#Qeear 

feiypy - irets fefyaere feeey y fee yy 
ew a fe erfe my yy s ea, Hye My usta arfe 
et ueye sat tefow ary at 1 fee ayfey etre- 
ifeytfefeey od* 1 ye St# feO'fe yrayy^y 
feyfeye fee eaft y# yy aee as fee eaee# 
»ry a# ee efet ffee ae My aay aay sy y 
aei Mfy aae aay y uaMi - S ae^y efet yfaae 
yy ai 

Mee 7 #m# aefyar fey Mefe m er fee sets 
a 1 yfey ufew e#a ugr fee yyt ea aa ufeyas 
Mefet ey fe ee u# yas sat at ay ae as 1 ea et 
fee# ^e af a# ee arae aevr y ey se s# w 
yae y fees ye # ea S yyyey yy s yy w 1 
fe^# 100 aw fee yy ey ey fey a i#w# s ey 
My ey §yy S ^ea yy aayeyas eay fee fee 
say y & mw a 1 ( 1 ) w y . eay type eas ew 
feear feaea 19# fetew fee aa afe>>e fey 
Tee eea My ey y fexa ### ree eafe# #fe 
e faM# fee efet yye ##a r 1 (2) fey air eaaa ey 
S auw ea# My eay-afay yae ya-ae yas # 
fe# e 1 ’ et fee# afeM 1 ’ 1 fey y y#a 25 e a# 
aMte ata ^m 1- ay# fee ea # ee e r frrwfew aa 
###1(3) afu# m# eaf## fee yfew yfas fees 
ew ea se s# e ew' y # m## 1 " eae 1- # 1 
afeeaas (#ys) e w res sea ey S efet ea ye 
yy #r aes y fert'e 1 #m# §y# S eTfea 1 " e a# 
fafep# fee aae# yaw afet uaefew et h?? a 
feM 1 "! ( 4 ) aay yfew ea et eM T -eM#t elr e# 
ata# s ## ^1 ^ at^fep- My 

yet# aee 1 " s e# a## fee yw ea yaefew et 
aee- ya fe# y ew y y# a # e# aear ats ea 
as 1 G et aet e eaa Ma fee aay e# faeee 
fee ea eea y # ea 5# eas e# ae s# a# fe# 
fe fee aa# a#t fa# # elear ew #1 
(5) y i He#eae e r eaa §uear ms #m# fy# et# 
eera #a# fase aa# fsea fee feaee y# fay 
afeMM 

Mseet aet e wr fee aaystM 1 " e feaw s 

o 

arw m# aa ee# yy# et aaa aaw e 1 ’ yy af 
##ifea^s#seya##y#ed i WMa4#as 
yae T feM r aw # 1 yfew yfena e se reroe# fee 
yy, Qa Ma# e# e aaa ffet ea e 1 " faeare fee 
aee ea aae as 1 i aafea 3 ' 3 M# aae feygevra 
Mayfeys’ e yew# faew y#s #aw s# eay 
#e as fey fee aw et tuefere My arw et ea 

o — — 

ee et aaa# # aeaw et# ew # 1 y#a 1940 
#. y fat #m# arw e aas# afae y#e efet 
fea#a sea Mae# #e ear aa i 

yae — eepa aa# y eap ea se s# fea 
ea# a ## a fe aa# S aafee S#'el faee# fee 




152 



tfetfeedT 

safe leef efe i swfee ee e 7 upe-fww ^wlti'd ee 
w fefte 7 feee e 7 e w ee 7 few arte 7 efe, ¥trtyp- 
uete ee ee fe ?ae" aftet efe ee got ee wer ew 7 
fHHdW fee feW cffeT efe I HedlW' dfet fee fetj 
S' fee e far rio(d U'd ^'Wldf 7 ?W fee tffe fee 
ufetfeee e 7 feeedT 7 3fe eearfefe uwi ?)u?? 
efeeeefee>M,efe,<d<fee i d wnfeuru-nrfe 
^ few- sffe tlfe iO^ w ^ ffe>r^ fw ?7 fefe- 
id'<£ rtdl fiW 1 HUTW td'<i W feUfe cffe efe ft-IHdd: 
fricy fee <d'dHt U'ci y'dlo< offe tfe ee Ud1<5 yo(d 

(fife efewtw uw, ?efefe fe uw, few 7 e fee 7 fe 
uw) »fe yfwet gwuwee few 7 f?u«T ew ufew 13 
3 1 18 u fe h d tfe, >?io(Hd etr fe feuTT e eei/fet fee 
UHfe W fed t-lfe are uw i 

fwffewfe fee'etpeyEwrarafeeaeifeefe 

fed 3 d o<dtl UW tT 7 fed HcF ee yvflfde 7 efee 7 ee 7 
? f fef §■ tpfee 7 fee 7 at 1 fee teat ^er te se uw 
ua gw fedfe e w^ee fee fee m get furwet fee 
ary fee uw i feeaw e ea - e 100 gare u^aH fee arfe 
wsoe^fferefegeufau efe Her i fee 
ffejl'edd rJdul dP ? 7 fe U'rti'fe feefef 7 UW 1 UH gdl 
gtre ferofe- ee negfe wewarfe uuee w ewe 
uwi fee fee 7 ^tte 7 gtte 7 eaepe 7 w tpe ufew, 
fee ufee ee cffevre eefete 7 fe ?a 1 r craw wfe 
uarfe euer 7 fe arae artet feet u i 

o 5 *H'do( ee wteewte fee eefe eefe e yer 

WSW UW; sTfefefee, W fe few fenfel efefe, fefe 
fe ffejfe 7 fdictdl yfe ufe efe ee et fferpe 7 
ue'^e i yd'dPd 1 fe efet feeere fee efe 7 fewe 7 e, 
fee srafe 5 fe 6 efew efei teew e #>nfe ?w 
uewt fdo( 'do* eye fee yfdr de e?r i fee fe few 7 ? 7 
fe dif fe ee, tefe w wew gtpd- wfe 
newfe eewofet fee fe yfer de ew i sie-Pdcr fe ufee 
wew lfe-i%e e ee fe wtedwfee fee feetwr 
wew ■stid yfecr e i fee wew yeyfe nfee tuew fee 
yfe few fe w^ fee ee 7 ^ orae ugpfet feet e i 

HHl (5d1 

yee eefer ee etr efee tefe w ee fe efew 
>fefe fee ?efe>>F efe 7 efe-ww uwt uwt fearfee 
^yp'ffereieefeHeeyfew 7 foddid 1 yfeewet 
et ydfe e fee fewfee ?efe ?w edr fww fee fee 
etet yee ufe et ue 7 et fdtfe ey - nee ife ye 7 fe 
yfeyee^^feefeeeew^dPfeMesfofdfert 
ee ^e fefefe»r efe 7 et »fe feife f ffewefe 
efe fwe 7 e fefe e 7 yuefee 7 e ^ 1 fe fe fee et etr 
^feyp" efe 7 fei cfet yeer fee ee ?t fee eer 
yfuerfenp - efe 7 e i 

ee^ ffert ee te r fw > tr r w 7 efe ^HfeTd' fee tfte 
wet >HHeftpye et ee 7 e i ewfer fee fetrt feedfeedn - 

efet'fe f^aewferfetg^yfedefefeeeefewt 



yp - feet e i gdo < feefetfe ffe^ 7 fee etcr 7 eufesr ei 
eerw e ; 3et fee nwy 7 eype 7 ee etr e ute crew 
ue 7 e feeffe ew, yer eee #efe fee i fe?f ef- 
efetfee yeQ wet e ?e yeO eerw ew, feor efel 
tyfe e 7 tpeeeteee e, e 1895 fe. fee ge fee 1 
feptp-fei 

ee 7 etr w efet ee - ee fee fere wfe fee eefe 
e fe ferfe eee fe ew yee ewet fe we 7 are fee - 
efe i yftiw 7 ufew etr f ufet e efe fee fere we - 
fee 7 fee 7 fe i efe ^’e etr fee eear fe u 7 wfe fee 
fei feefet Hef e ufew eer fee ee ee eew eerfer 
nfew 7 ?§r defe fee ffereiPH feeffe rpw we 
ufefe, te e ufew 7 feypeee etr ufe ?ew fe fefey 
feeffe i ee ew - ?w ?ee fee udew" feK ee e e eg - 
e ee hw, ufewt fern e ueew fee ge yet e^ 
efeur 7 ue 7 fe e?w for e feeare fee nefe eer 

ew ue 7 fe, eefe fem e eeew 7 fee eee 
we tre e 7 effeu 7 ue 7 fe fen fee fee ew ee 7 fe 
fee efe e yde?e wer etr fee diae 7 feet ure fe ae 
fee etr we e^ fe fee fee wet efeeti etr ? 
faree^ wfe ee fe ufewe ferfe fe eufe e 7 e 7 tfe fe 
eerew eaew" ^elfen 7 efe 7 fe fee fee fee fewfe 
e 7 ee i wte-fee ewfee wfe fee nrfee traew e 
?dfeaftfe efet fe fee fee etr w fer u 7 fe te ? 
fee rferfe e ee fee feyup - efe 7 et fee fee efe 
ufet efe fei etr ?fe eeew fee fee urfefe eefe 
weft get et fee w ue ?ew ewfew few eew fe eer 
?ew ryvpfeyr 7 ee 7 et ^ee eue fe fee ?ew upfee- 
fete fer e 1 ^^ eefe fei eye ewfew wet fefe ■ 
iurfefe eue efe cratftw fee w egare de 
meefe 7 fee 19 fe nfe e etr fee eg ed - fefeei 
drefef ew i ew fee fete fer - aruw fewfee weed 
arte ecpfet (FfealfeQdiw arle mfeuee) w feura 
fefedT fee fefet w feet i 

fer ew fefefe eetfe - feyfe fede 7 e fee ffe 
efe feypfew w uae 7 wefew fe euue w fer fe 
^fetfe eetfe fe ?ufe fee ere fefe i fee urwen 
wee feufe efe e fe fee fee f-fe fenut uuer : 
fee ferfeferfefer aufe ueeftfe fe ee ew e 7 e 
Hfefe ew 7 fee 7 efedT 7 1 fee eetw 1 ’ dfe e ew 7 ffe 
etr ee e eee eew fe fefe ffe wrae uw efe fe 
w fee fee fee 7 e far fee Hfew 7 fe ffe fe efe ea 
fer ea' earetfe uw fefe efe efe ue aew etr effe 
e 7 eare 7 u i feeetj efewe efew, uwerfear e 7 fe 
fefe ufetfe ew 7 ee ee e wwfefe fee efe 7 
fee fee w ufw efe 7 e w nure fee etr we 7 fer 
?fe fe ee fee 7 efe 7 e i 

fe wfe eaw ?ejtfe efew 7 - few eueewt 
50° fe e e 7 fee e fe ufe we 7 ee ew 7 eete 7 e >h 
ee ear fee uee fee euu fee 7 e^ ue fee we 7 ; 




153 



ufw 7 us 7 situ 7 u fe fe feu feu ysuldlnf 7 u Gut 

7W 33 feU S 3fe>3 W TO" I HS*fe75 d feUdUS - 

err s su 7 sus Tfet ^racft uut u w few u 7 3 T W77 
40° V. ifw - feu 7 u i wit uw 3 fiu uu, us u 
s 7 3U T fstf 7 us HdsSn H<itR' u Iw feu fetufenr 
rife' 3 Pt-1 <S 1 fet 1000 3 2500 dlrt6 t!U Ut HHdfcl 1 
UUtUI 

situ sfeu - wutfe - situ ss3 ufefef 7 

HHTs 1 S ofdlu S ¥'sfl UU 3 3 " feS 6 ofld rl ’3 < 3'<!5 
sfes SU S' U 375 7 H 3 7 fufe 31 >HUSUit HUfet 

(HddlfeQdTS mifeu) feu fes §1# sfe dm 3 ?w 
sid 7 fe S 73 uu 7 3 fen feg sit uuuifaf 7 uulw 
us 1 siu 7 fes 33 Gut sfw uu 7 3 fe 33 uuus 

U 35 UU 7 3 1 UU SU 3 3 GuUS feu 3 fetf 75 UU 7 3 
HfU UHUcfeH 7 feu iffeU 7 H'U 31 HU UHU 7 33 fecy 1 
UBfet^F ’U ut fedU 7 3 3 + feu UU 75 faU UUTfefe 
Odd' feu ilssfe feU 7 ;j | cfed feUTT 7 UU U 75 Ut it 
ofeU Ut 3 TUt HUS S 3 HU 1 ’ 3 fe fe 6000 3 8000 
USU ufu fefe 3 Ut 3 feu 3 3 Ut Ut H T 8 fU Situ > H 733 T 
33 t H 3 3 U'tft 3 1 SdlU dfo 3 UUdd 7 UU sHd 1 03 
SUS SU 3 U TO ufe »T feU 7 3 »13 feu feu u 
333 UUT 25 Ht HUU - UU SW Ufet TO fS 375 feU 7 
U I cfetu fe fe - sf'd UU UWt OUt 3 , Go MUdfeO d !~0 
fefet 3 W SU 3 U SU 3 feu U 3 3 U 3 UUJt us feus 

feutfri 

UU 33 SUS ufetw HHtS 7 - feu Huts’ - it 
>WUUUHSUfSUU>MSUUfe^UUfefeuSU% 
fefe STcftK SU 3 ufetfe 3 U 3 Utfe ffe S 3 U fe M 33 
^ 3 1 feu tfe fefet SU 5 WH 33 S ?3 feu fetfS 3 S 
fes feorfuu W ufet HUI 3 fsore - Ufer 3 1 

y'HUdtcTdd Huts’ - -UTWOT fefe §life 
fenfur uufetfs - usfes ffe O'HUdlf^d ufetfe 
ufefer uu i feu feut feu ufeut Ou 1- srus ufe 

flfe'S !43U offe feu US >H3 - offet U3 3of U 3 £ cfef 
UUS Ut UHUU - ?3fet feut 31 UUfUUtcfUS U UUF 
UUt Ufe- WW 3 : (1) IS fetft - U U3 J 145° US 
ffe 30 feS - 3U UTBK cTUUT 3 (2) f% UUIHUT ufe HU 
SUt (H T S T) W Wdl'd'U ¥Ufe UUJS U U3 S 161° 
U 7- . 15 f>fe 3U 3TUH 5TUUT 3 I feu feu HdSSH 

uuts U is ^33 feu US fufe feu uuut UU3 uufer 
fefe uutfe US I uuut UU3 - ufetfe fefe feu fe" fe - 
sTZ fe - urau ufet UU S 31UU OTS ffet ^uffeu feu 1- 

3 HfU U3 S sffeu - cfUS sut 5U 1- Ufet ^uffeu feU 1- 
31 . 

U3 S H37U fe^" FUS 7- — feufeu - feu feu U3 
s yuuufe uu uuufes sut uu ufer uufe fe - uss 
>UU US - SUT ust 3 1 feu 10-20 UtSS U US 7 

feu fuu ut U3 tarUoTU 7 U UU3?U feu u 7 fuu 7 feu 7 
utl Hyofd UUT wfefe 7 feu usfeu feut UtU oOifSl 
cTUU fufet U 7 ufet 3 1 U3 Ut feuut ^fe UU3S HUtS 7 



fefetfuUUT 

UUt 33 M3 - ufe 3U UfelU US I feu ffet U3 U 7 
oTWlsfe feU fej S IFHUdldfUS 3 SUWET SU 7 UU 7 
sumt 3 1 HUW-HU U3 ofet UW US fesu 7 fuu 7 3 1 
feU fefe HUS 7 UUU tT75Ut ofetH ufuu 3 feutfe US 

>hu uxr ss ww utr §w sfeu ut HUt uuu ius U 7 

feScTUU 7 fel US UU3 7 3Ujt Ufe U3 Ut fecfet 3UU 
fetr 3fet 3 >HU HUH 7 S3 >HU ?UJU S3S feu ^fefe - 
fuoru s feuw uu utr ufu, suru u'fefe* u 
sfefefe feu feus ?fe ftpx 7 31 3UU feu it 
MU’fed'l 7 feu UU cftu 7 U3 feoTS S31 fejftl 

W3 yS’Od’ - H33 HS'OS wfe UU U U33t 
SU U3 fe - SUtu t) feSS 7 S3S U 7 3 1 H33 HS'Gs U 

ufeu 7 us u 7 ssruufeus sutu huu Hddl 3 1 sutu S 
fes iyu 33 irutir ut feuu ut Htrst feu feufenu 
feU 7 3 fe Scfet fe" S'U U 7 fecPH 7 UffeH 7 UU 7 3 1 S’U 
U S3 feUcT3 fe UH3 feTU WJ U H T> HU fesfUU UU, 
W U3U feu US fefefe fufe S wust S' « SlS3- 
3fUU few 7 W HSU 7 31 Sfeu S Gfe 7 fe3 feufew 
feU 7 3 UU US fUS7Ufe U HUU fe gSH USS feiS 3 
S HS3 U fS33 S' HT3 7 753 fe fs 3375 felU U wfelU 
feU US I U375 (Tfeft) S US 7 fsfe H3US feu SU feu 7 
feU 7 3 »fU HS3 fSU feo^S 7 S3 few 7 feU 7 3 1 UU3 
feU 53 0 7 S feU S feofH'd feS feufe ’H'ol'd feu 
fesfe" stu 7 feu 7 3 1 feu U^ 7 fuw 5ftu 3TU HS3 feU 
80 SfUUU fUSSfet U3t UUftut 3 1 dSfeufet HS3t 
UXU 7 1000 fe 5000 irGfe UU3 few sfe 7 U 7 
USU 7 3 1 

OStu ffejfU S3S 7 — fes feUU U 7 ^Sfef 7 USt3 
(Cheddar cheese) U3S fes 3 1 fe fe>jff3 3 USU 7 3 fe 

fe - fe - su 7 uu 7 3 fe - fiu uuadl r?cu 1 infeu ut fenu 
u 7 uut , fes feuu u wurfeu usu wuutsu u uu 
u ufes w, suts fe fefW 7 S3S Hdfenu feu 7 3 1 
UU feu uut H3 feu 7 3 fe feu S feu feu fsffe feu 
SU fTW feU 7 3, fddi 1 feof feU 7 3 Hffe feu tUU feu 
75Ut WS3S75UtfeU§ - 3T3USt3 7 feU 7 3l dSdldlw 

fe um - uu feu ufe ifeu us, Gs 7 sfe usfes fefeu 

UU 7 UU 7 31 feu ?7fe stt 333 fsS7?3 >HU US UU 
Urtld feU it HO'd 93 feu HUU IVfeUt 3 1 UU U3t 
U3Tt Hf 7 UU feU 7 3, Tfet S 333 SU fUfe feU 7 3 
W Ufe S USTfe U^ U U3t Uf 7 feSS U3 fUfe feU 7 
31 feU 3 U°>fU U3t Ufef 7 dSdlfe feu feU fufUW - 
feU SUfef 7 feufef 7 US fe fe fey 7 feU feS33 §3 

fwfw 7 fe us 1 feu uut s fiu ^u-sfeu uu iW 

12 3 18 utfufe US 33 U S ufex 7 feu 7 3 fe fe 
HSUHU US75 7 3 U?fe3 few SfU 7 3 US ! feu USt3 
3 SUT-USSS 50° S 7 . 3 feS Huts 3 fes 375 3S 

uut ufuu 7 3 1 ustu ufer is iu feu fsufe us ffery 7 
U situ 500 S US I 

wtu situ 33 7 f3 -r - 33 feu ut Wit fuU 

s Gu ufuut 33175 sit uut fust fe wtu-sife s 




154 



#H 

3nt n i ralnttFFf ra w ftra-nEtF" draferal yfe ra 

feH Ft fHFFf ftF Hfet HU'd fraHW HI FU §" 

fOTW UFFT HHH raw (fe^fefed. HHtfe IfeHt 

*» ' 

Hfera, HefeaH HHfe, fra-HU^TH ufe Hfe (H T S T) 
UFranfeara fh w-ewt f »rgfecr nurfe h 

FfetH-cfetH few oTHH F ddo( UfeF ftd FHrra 1 " 
FfeH fOTH irfeF 7 H 1 ffTH fef H FtT &-fd* vffZW 
do( HVF Wdld 1 H, fe)T HH H Ufdra F tdcS fFcS" rtdl 
tFfeF 1 " ofHF H77 I 

sf 'dd P^c^d HFHt Qti<ddl — sf 'dd ftd HH" H'rt 1 H 
FIT Ft §UTT ^FOi" tfe ftHH ftTFFT fFfe p|T feu 1 " H 1 
HH UH H‘W ftofH iddcV t fed fen did H ra<-l'0<£ 
raft FFife few fentF-f- w antfe- ora 1 few uf 

few UTO ffefe ftF ftHraHHt & HHHH, TOF FH 
d'd Ft fid 7) yffeW ddcS, FHdd'd fedd Utft HFHj 
FFfe ftHH'd, KWtfel feF 1 " HeWfe, FU Ft ftcTdl 
f t didfeyt! 1 hh Ftra hh Fffef hfh to - fe to? ftra 
sfFfe Qrafedi w w nra fh 1977-78 HfeFffera 86 
raWTH HH ft HIT ?TO HHUH crHTrffefe ?TO FH HF 
HH 1 

WFtura'ra'a rara'Qe wet rant fenfe rat wfe 
*H«HH1 rarafedl few F HFf HTO Hdra'Qi §UH 
feH fFH 1 " tF tHU" 1 " H ! offe fItTH UHTHOT tt fenfe tT r dtf 

hh few fee - urar *tohh 1 rafer ferafew- ftra rararaf 

o 

HHHHHf h Fra-ugfetfe few rat *hkc(h 1 uldfed 
feWOT^^OTHWFW^feflrfeFtl 
cfFHt UH HHHHHt 5 T 3>fe ^ 3f llfe^F offe 1 " tT r fdd 1 F 
3^ F feF UW fo(W U H 1 (‘g <5d1 H'dd 1 fed UF 
HofF feT?" F3" fHfet, fci 1 d U 1 doi d , iddul M3 OrtHdlrt 

^fefe4?7 Hcfet W Ffefe few I SFdfet 

6H«o(h 1 5" Ufetdt ffet fedwl feH>T Ft 
WMF Ft TO - ferat gfet H »fe sfet HZH77 >Hfefe HF 

— <J 

aflra tT afe to few wffeir uffeH 1- dtaH H§a oftra r f 7- 
?fe F feFHt FF Fdffef- FHt feHH 1 " F H 1 cS 1 ra ftw 

fepH 7 rat i dferat Hdocra ra tra tra drat-TO-^F trara 
ffera yrarat nrarara arafen rara rara rara h ff Ft Offf 
F ra Htfetw- rarafer few f ra'Q^H* rafer Ft 
ffeojid'd fed UFwra rarat ravr rara rara rara i f tra ff 
ra#»efef»rara;-ra®wFH# 
FH Ft HFF cS '« HF odd F 1 " 3F ra?7 I 

rarara fera 1977-78 rat. rara 175 fhf rarairra 
fh f tra tra raw feF radfera ratra ran nra 1 fefe ra fer 

c — 

rararara rant tfew raw ra 1 fefe Ft ufe fw HHTfdra 
HHrara 1 " 74 fitf ferarara ra 1 Ffenra rafira urarrara f Fdtra 

FH FFF raw ftF FH tt §HrT ^U'Qd;- F ^Htft 

feotfed ratra f 1 " rara rara 1 Fferra rara ^uraro tt ratra fF 
rara rara ferar ?ro Hrarairotrara raFratF 1- ftra TOra Fra 
fh HHrafe ^ufeF f 7- Frara offer raw rat ra fe few 
ftra ferara ratra fit ra rarar ratnra f ra rafe ftrarat rara 



few ftra tFrat fratrar - raw fera ‘frara 
fy(^c^F | y , few^ra f hhtth ufra rarar Ft ufra ratF ufra 
fera fh Ft ferra 1 sis ra?H fera urara t^rt rara hf 
raw raw tra ra 1 fen w im rarar Ft ufra fera fh Ft 
Of ff so rau frarara rai uff ftra w rara 12 fh f 
rawra rara h uyfeo*, ufeltra Fra raFfefraF nrarara 
fed rara 1 fera raFtrra hf 1- h'« fit Ft uf’ff rarara 
rafew ra HFfelfedi Hrararara uff - rarara rarai Ffenra 

S 3 K »\ 

rarara urairara-r f Fdtra raftTFF 1 " ffej fed raratF 1 - fura 
ftu fera rarara ratra Irararal HErfura rafet rafet hi fen 
Irararat ftra 100 nt. rara Hdfwd TOra ara Of 1- ratrat 

feratHi 

FIT raFUtraFi- 5- FIT HTfetF 1- FTO ffet UHlfera 

fh raFfefera Hoirad' ftra 32 ferara feaffidi-raH- 
fWeSHradH* hhh fen hft ftra ran rara hh rara 1 fen ra 
feraw fit rara 1- raara rafe- 12 hh urafe hfhf fetn- 
unfet, rara, fh FFfera hh h urara ferafeFr ftra 
khtf tf ran urai 

H. y.-WT. fe[. 6 : 1000 ; tcfcF Wfe? UHH-dl.ul-. 

^HF. : 52 ; fe. 77-78 : 214 



tH (Dace) : fed fHUfdcSsd (Cyprinidae) rara 
hIf’" tratF*" h urafF 1 " hhh Frara Ufet FtF’- fedlfife 
fh ifu ftra fnrara rafetF t nitF^ nra i fefe f 1- ufet 

~ On 

frafraTFrara fe fra^fenraH frafefenraH (Leuciscus 
leuciscus) HI 

CJHlit HH FHTWHT 25-30 H. Ht. Wt", 0.5 -0.7 
fe. 3F. fefe Ffet ferft tret H I fen F 7 feF tfe HFT H I 
fen fera ferafefe fefefeuraifef §- fht rarat 




raratHF 1 " few h i fen fera"-feH h uf fefe w fff 

HHtfej-f- nra I 

§fh 1 FHHfe 1 " ftra rara ura rafetF 1- hh tfetw 
(Dhoxinus) fertdlF 1 - H?7I fefe Ft gHlft HH 
(Leuciscus leuciscus) FUfet rl'dl (P. erythrog aster) 

hhh uuydd h ffer $ ur^-rarafetraHwt' ftra rat 
cffeF 1 " fera 1 - h i fera nrarafera 5-7 .5 h. nt. rat urat h 
h fen fen ra rartF 1- crfetF 1 " ufIff hfIft- 377 1 ftiH rd 1 
ddl Hjrafet H dl^ 1 rt'rt Hfe HF 1 " H I 

ffefe FHHtcT ftra fefe H feraw ofet HH rat 
hh Httura feraFtw nra, fera rara fh Hjrafet hh 



hwi 




155 



(Clinostomus), fd frto( ftJH (Rhinichthys) UFfet FpM t 
51Fp FfetM*- 03 fFTT few 5F^-?fer-W37p S3 (R. 
atratulus) 3 FH-<5c( 33 (R. cataractae) uPmu 

UFF I 

3. y- fe. VF. 3 : 338 

#1F (w fe w? ) >tfwter : W3F fen 

WfedT SifeP ^ F3H 20 SdsfeP, 1791 £ §3F 
(Bourges) few ofew I 533 1818 fed feH 3 F O' do( 
'Selmours de florian' M3 'Le Tour de favear 1 o*d1 ¥ 
»'in cvf fkHcT few, F" yod lThu of I fuir feoTSF 
PoQdi F HPoMdi TFF fen S' feo( dH'rt 1 'Muse 
Francaise HO cfld' I fen S' OFPtt MW rjttl MF M3 
HoTWWT F 1 " M^WF! Wp offer I 

for FPW ^'ddd dtlrtfe few 'Contes physiolo- 
giques' (1854) M3 'Realities fantastiques' Wffe ly d 1 
H^VTST U7T I 

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nw ufew nt 1 fen ufe uumm nfenn 4^ nn n 
OTtfenjgfenntfe n fewn ntm fen 7 ’ ni fen 
fen 0 .45% ir 0 .50% nntw nfetOofenfetnyfe fen ^t 
Her? w nt mnnn nnfet n 1 fen^ wrafet 3 n nw nn 
fnis 1 " ffet nt dfd nnm n 1 

Hd'tS-yu n vidid nfnn n nsnwft? 7 “nt yfe 
nfefefenwftn-nt 1 n 3 n?nnn T nt tfe nt nfet 1 nn 
1935 fen fefww nfen n utnnfefefetwn nFRiw? 
fen dtS^'M-s inn to fen n few fe fen imw 
fewn nfe’’ fenn r nw n ww nm (wsfetw) n 
fe?m ffet sp ?nwn fern nfewi 

ifem 1911 fe 1931 3 n 'nt nunn wn 
ufetfefetnn fennut' w few few 1 fen n 1912 
st. fen ‘wo(nfeHc 53 w fewmsn fen w wstnw 
nfet'nfe 1917 fen nt. n. msnn few n £ nfeyn 
wn sfetsm wtfeufenn' ynw 1- nntw 1 nfe - 
'dnfe^ fernteft fer nun »fe yu^dnt ynfefovm n 
yffews - ufe nn nnt fen §■ fedfo'ss nt d^few Rufecfl 
n 1941 fen n^t ffen unw ntw 1 

fen fcfww fe^ HoOdad-WcS'-nwn fen 12 
nwdt, 1952 n unn few few 1 

' S »v 

B.y.->>tn. »fe. 8 : 403 ; ^fn. fe. 7 : 3 

; sedd yfe y 1 fc( h d 1 cs fen <sdie nfnw 

nfet nt nnfen nnt n fennt 320 fn. nt. nnt ni fen 
y fcoHd'cs nfe s/'dd nt nn fen n un r n r fenfemn n 
wd n ity nfe nnntn nnr n ntfet yw fen nyur- 
ugn^fe WT^o^fefeyfeHn'cS'fenfewHnnnfe 
nfen fefijw fen fennt nfe rw nfen n fen- 
ugn nfo ufe w n fen nfet ?w nt fen nfet n 
swniM^fenfenwufewfnnffe 
uw nfet am »fe fvffe fe nf fe w nfet n 1 

n. y. - h. n. ; =tu. n. fen. ; feu. ar. fen. 21:260 

t, nrmrfet, fewrfete i fenfenfemu cp? 
Hfefe »fe fw fig fmi ir n 3 n T n fe fenfe ufnnt few 
nnr n nwn wufet nn n unwn »fe fefw ym 
fodH 'd; ?fet IHdltd 1 cS ufew I fen W HcSn 3 WUK 
1881 fen nfe? ufe fen ufe fefeis feu nfewi fe) 
n ?tw?r gntWfnnt n fe fenfet nnm sffe' 

ufe fen wufet HWfnt $ fewt tw w nnn ^ 
nwun fen nn-nn <s'rt fen T few i 




ag 1911 fog fogy MgrgfoM 7 fo ugfofogg 7 
hw gfeM 7 foM 7 i hw agg fife dagfo* g fegfo 
fog f)Wfe fo gag'd fogfeg fogfl ddcSdlcS tt 
fed»1 (TO TO - fuffo 1921 fo. fog for f fofo 

ttfeor at I yfoM 7 g^ for afo gyfo ?W> UHMfog 7 
Ht I H 7 T 1927 fog fen# f.aifgg ag foM 7 folM 7 Mg 4 
H'tt fo c rg g 7 doO-T Hd'fUM 7 Ug 16 HdltS 5 T7 >iH fo 
feag uv irfor foMyfo fo agat g fair erg fggr 
foM 7 Mg 1929 Ht. fog fotorg fog s ■ feadlMg ;w 
fog 7 foM 7 I fat HTO-i¥ tfog for g ffHtllMg 
iayfor ufof £ ag agfeg arta 7 ! gg 1943 fog 
gfot ggopg gt fod'^a g grMa for ag fofo gt 
d'l-lcSWl for 7 jfo 7 I agtff eft fell ffggtMg 

ifl^fer ufot g 7 aggg ag foM 7 ! ^g, 1944 fog 
afofo g ufgg agfo agg- fog for t-afbw afot 
gfeM 7 1 >>fgrfo for agfo-agfo fog for afor agat g 

Mdtd 3 fdd' I 

10 gggg ; 1945 £ fegg Mnfot aaapg agfo 1 

H7T 1947 f^ffo^>nnfof>^fo t ?TOffoH>ff3 T 
cffonfH flc^dt, 1948 fog gfo afou 7 * gf) offo I 

wxr Mg gtfet feast fog for g fat-aug gt gag 7 
asfet for g <9 tidal afaM 7 g Hoa^ fog 1- 1 

Mgg-gwgt ggrgfgt fog for £ srfot vag 
uargafeMGag 1953 gar for fo aaarg orfor ggt 1 
i9Marag, 1954 fog for gt ng g gfo 1 

g. u - >fo. fe. H 1 *. 3 : 929 ; ntg. MVl. 8 : 634 

: for gw gt fugrf Herat e 7 ifeat 
afot fog 1- at fog £ ufefg gfMd fora (Near East) 
fog aug ufaM 7 afe 7 ati fearagf gag fog gaffe 
‘gfe’ g 7 Huang fo g Mg fkfcpa Mgara ffofe tfog 
£ dw gt oc^ cfot at 1 ferffe ijvnfo Mgrng ggrggr 
2500 st. y . for rfog et Hagg - grit gfo g 1 for agr 
(Baal) tfog g fo^ - at 1 gar aargr fog ggtfo tfoa g 
ufw fog Mg fegagfo fog cfo gg agar H?ri 
«diddi 1500 ^.y:tgfoga?raafoggg gfoorw 
agr e?g £ axr gig gw gg 1 

g.y.-^tg. fa. tr. 3 .- 344; >fo. mvt. 8:392 

#¥H'dCH, : for ^for g - ufaxr 

fwggggr at 1 for g 1- ggg ioagag, 1948 st.feg 
ufor fog gfeMT 1 for g 16 agr gt §ag fog gt w- 
afotagggfo gyggfoffofgtgfogfggggiitggt 
eg gg Iggt ug for gMigafot agfog fog ?a>r MTfg 
erwrfor Juffo^gg^fwifo 1686 fog for 

H3'Qfga'M T feM r i.dd?dl ) 1708 fogaagfogggRgit 

tfog afoterg aaforgr g Hgfo for gfor g - sfofog 
agag(fog aggl')afoM T 'itHa>f gggrgtMgffgorgrr 
agggfofogfoifor gaatfwsuMgddi *1J1 rgg 



gggg g r yg i ag T oftg T 1 ag g gfgfo for g for agr g 
aggta g fogorg ugg a?rag artg 1 yg gy*- g aggfo 
ggfoM t g tfo foMgr gg yorg fofo 1 for g for agofot 

ggfoayg!foiqrg^gryffuj(g5tfoMg i7iogt. 

fog 10% Marggt srg «' feM 7 ug for g ggg dd : a gt 
Hgrtga T aq T ggfogMaaggggifoi7i5fogforg 
agMffgfofoggtagdcrg jM T ugfo^fog r M?gggg 
ggrggrfogi 

ag 1715 fog a^ew §fo g^t 1 gt ag§ugg 

ug^ g a T gagr ag £ for g gofofo gg fggr 1 
4 ast, 1721 fog for gt ufor fou itg g afo 1 

a. u— >fo. fo>r. 4 ; 34; >fo. >avl. 9 :i 4 ; >>t?r. fa. 7 : 

303 

SH'da fiffofo : for gur-gyfe^ fer fafog 

g ffor fo UTT tid'd graggr (Girard Desargues) g 1639 

at . fog fogt at 1 for fafog Mgag fora g-foat aua 
fog g fgfor abc Mg a'b'C' for gfo afog gg fo 
Qc^ 1 £ feg fay g ugauarffo’ ifo g gfuM r ?r r a^ - , ya 
aafo fog aa', 
bb' Mg CC' for 
fay tug ggg, 
g^agfo gafog 
arg fay for fo 1- 
tuggggr, aagg 
fo aat ?t g 
fafo aafog <t 
ggi forg g 
fafo aa+gg 
gggffM 1- g 1- agfot 
fafogsrgfay 
fgg fo aafo g gggt Mg foy g fayM* - g fogfog 
g aafog fafo g afogg g#gft 1 i9^t.afo 
fog dd mIhI grfeg?g T afo-foargg uffo (Jean-Victor 
Ponceiet) £ uwt gu^-gifeg fog for fafog g^ agg 
uggroffoi 

g.y. - ff . hu 3 . : 483 

: fej forfofot yg g agg yaagg ufoM 1- 
gfM^ fry afofM t g |fo a 7 fo g fafo fW agg fforfo 
ufofo gg 1 gat'aag fo fgugt >fofo-foa?r gar g 
oat fag g 7 agga - g fog g rsgg (Day’s eye) 1 for 
afoa (Beilis) uafot raw afojg g 1 for uafot fog ga 
ti'dlM 7 gg a foaa ergar ygu fog ufoM 7 afotM 7 
gg 1 fea g fogg 7 fog ug fa ggfo yg fog fo ufo 
afo gg 1 agpgg fvrwg gfo #at fg (Beilis penennis) 
aygg gar Mafocg nfgg giaat fo gg fog feMfofof 
fog agg fgM'tv fgpg afo gg 1 fefo iw g ggT 
dirt 1 al fgg a 7 wag ug 7 ^ggftM 7 fgaa 7 gagr gg gg 1 
Mfofouayg^fogffoyffofoffof^f^utpgf 
gt g 1 gg fgg fgfoM 7 £ sfo £ ygu fog urf g ugg, 





160 



Hfetfaw, fhwh 7 few wi Ffawfe fefew fen 
fen wa^tfefewfefFFHFi 

fefe Ofew F 7 3W sfe 7 UF 7 F MfF afef felWF 7 
UF OF OF F fea pp fHF (rossette) HWfea OF [ 
fey F 7 HO Hfe FHtF feH fe feHlF 7 HfHF 7 0 MfF 
fen f 7 fe aa 7 of 7 a i feaiFfe fea fea fF H'da a 1 
fena 3ar wfew ww a i Of fe hfwh f fh!f f 7 
afef wta Ofe a i feaiF? f upa-Hafefe w feH fea 
fea ay fe fevaafeT fat fear feaT wfer 7 a i fen 
few aWF fefew fefew faHH 7 HW feH FaF Ffe 
hfw of aa1aw a faFrfaw ffea hhf fFF feafe 
FTTH 7 UH aafew OF I feT F fea ‘FF W fFaF ; 
FWt fofnH f%F fHd F fea fF OF 1- a MfF 10 F 12 SF 
sfe fF fan F 06 ' FW FWT dirt td<4d feH rtdl HF 

of i afe few fama aw Of f wf aw hhh fen >hff 
F HF fefew OF fefe fea fF §• FF aHF 7 WdFlW 
of i fea hf hof ftiw aiaat ?>at how aafe i hhf 

FF F Wfe F F a oid 1 U3T FoT fey feHW F HOF 

■ fewa 7 fF Of 1- a i 

WHF fea feH UF 23-50 F. fe. ^ W OF WF 
fej fea FF UF 2.5 -5.0 F. fe. WaW F fF UF T 

aafe of fey F 7 aar fe aau fea Of 1- of awtw 

u ~ 

fanfe <£H3T r dt of 1- a i scad fea ©fee awtw^y a 
few f <y fer uaw of :— tefeva, ant, hfhw, 
HAHfelH 7 wfFlfeHHFHa- Wo^MF fea fey F ferT 
nfe aw of mf aa^at- awa fea fF fas - Of of i 
afe uafe Hfe a fey ufcw f nfe aaafe a hw 
fea fe Hfe FW OF i 

a. U.-MtF fe. 7:1; 3TWH sTF'^aa-H 1 '. f%HF 
H?|U : 33 

#Fcy Ffe : yafe artfds; 1 aar (a.a.w) fea 
OdiHFfert f 145 fe.Ki. FHF-yaa fea ^fa 
aeQ'dl fea fdc( HHFdt Hfe a ■S’ HH'd STO fea HHdd 
a i fea jff aa at HF'?fea Fat fer anFfe fe a nfe 
fewH o(dc( fdiHa 1 fear mw fea h f 1 Ft oa fea hof ot 
HFgaaifelfea 37fe.Ht.FH r afF152>fe.aF r 
a i §fea ?a ^ nfaa fea fea §f afew ofea a 

ferj 1870 at. feaHafewfef FHfeuFoffe’HF 

1876 at. fea fer §• feaitHF cffe feaai hf 1926 
fea jffeTT, fff 1 ’ >hf t?F T feaa ffey afofe f 
fea a tfea fea fFHTfeF ofe>ai fer fea f fw 
F afe jtmf tafe of aw fea fea fefew fe d.aa'a 
wfa fe aravaffe Ffe ^afeaafeai hhf hfhf 
oTFtT, tfea fea, FFfea ctff »f arafe fasF 
fefeaafeF ferfefefa ( 1926 ) fea few fena 

HHHfeOFI 



wsrfe- 61,921 ( 1990 ) 

29 ° 12 ' fe. fea. ; 80 ° 60 ' U. FH. 

H. u.— feF. fa. >a. 3 : 926 ; >>|F. Wt. 8:550 

tfefeTT : fefet '^afertTw aw (a.a.ar.) fe 
feaHFaifew crfefe fea feafe Ofeafew fe offf 
fea fer feaa a feoM 1 fhw fe fe naga feat ai fea 
feaafeHHwa 1793 fe. fea feat aifefeafF 1833 
fe. fea fea §■ fearfea few few fe 1 fea fefe aw 
Hoa r d F 1 " UHwfeaaa fefea T ai wrfejfeafeajw 
a 7- aT^ a 1 fea afe feiw, fea few fefe, arfea »fe 
oa Hfefe waa fawa fea fea ofi fea fesfefe 

fenflFfe WFF >HF ^afefew FcHfefe few HafeF 

of i wfetfe Maa-Faff Faw fea fea afe-aa fe fe 
wf Far fea raa afe hof Hfe afe afefea f fea f al 
aafeawF fea Fa?afew ferw fe 1 

fea 1859 fea HHfejF ofe > 0 feaa >HF 1968 fe 
fea Hafua ofe Icsfert' afetferfe fea few hhoi 
feffena ferafe of i 

Wafe— 53,056 ( 1990 ) 

36 ° 35 ' fe. fea., 79 ° 24 ' U. FH. 

H.y.-’JlF. fe. H 7 . 3 : 881 

WTF, feFTfeT W%FH ?7 : fea fea fefe 
wfeat- HFaaw fe foow fefwaa f c hf ; (Sur 
wj f ^Ofefea afe hf fer fea a 'few feF r fe 
feH F 7 FFH 8 WTHF, 1819 fe. F fefe aufea W 
fea fbFHFF fea ofew i hf 1839 fea ffewraw 
aaF Ffe d'd^ds i tTF F Mfdrt 1 feH F FFhfe W 
aiFfe awfe fe ffeaw wf afet hff fea aFWc 
wffeHF fe aa few fe i w fe ?wa avraa aa aa 
f wafea Haafe aaa 1841 fe. fea fea §• u^n 
fe HHFt ufe MF 1846 fe feH HWfHFH fe 

dfeanfe fea ‘hwh afHfeFfe J fea fea 7 1 fea fe fe 
F WUW MFdH'fe aw FfeF wafewi fe 18 ^ 
fea hf hh Ffe hhhf a Udd fefe aa r Fa T feu’ , ' 
aafea 5 fetaa afew >hf 1847 fe. f hw i s< 
fe. fe fea afe arafet wfe feferaa ‘fetafe' : 

fefe Midi dd fdd 1 I a?" HH HWa ddH dldl rtl F 

MfFHF a aw aaa fea f aa faF 7 fepa 7 1 hf i si 
f 1865 Fa fea Widlofl aaaw mthIf mu a h o 1 ft 
nfea fe aafefF fea fea 7 1 fea iff f afea f 
faafet f ‘feuafeaF’ f 7 >yfeaa fe fea 7 ua hhf 
ofew i hf 1868 fea fofwaa c hf’ f 7 wl" 
afew MfF wfe WMdt fh fe fea f 7 awa fe fe 
waa fafe ?hf fafe feafe f 7 'ffe wfei 
HfetaFfefew’ (The New American Cyclopaed 




161 



tUHWH, WHIHfaS 



(1857-1863) fa HUUU 7 fafal feu 3 fw feu 
‘d'OHdUsf for wu ufeufa’ (1857) u 7 fa hifust at i 

fen faw uu7rfa feu ‘ufefe wu ufuuH yfa. 

UFU’ (1868) ; ‘W yFUU »FU ffa§U UUU Hl#UT 
(1895); ‘feoTS fa# feH faffafafa (1896) WT ‘faufa- 
cfH'Ail WU U 7 fafeU" Ufa (1898) US’ I 

17 WTgHU, 1897 fa. fa fufaHUoT feu UTUfa 
ate feu for u 7 unfa U few I 

U.y.-faU. mvr. 8 : 445 ; >rfa. fa. H T . 3:365 

#7T r , TTHrT sfe'yfe : ufer-fefews yfa 
ufe-fefewu u yuu feu yrufa h if Gu 7 ?! fV 
Mdld'<5 Ufafe fell Ufedfa yfa f-fefewfaf W 
HUH 12 .dUUd# 1813 £ fsfwUcT feu ffacT 7 feu 
ufeyc 1 for £ f-fefWs suu hhuu ufa fefeyrfa 

HU IW feWU UnU cTUU set fa# UUTO H 7 HUTS 7 , 
mwwt f#fUW, HfafaU 7 »fa HHUfa tfaU 7 fa 

Guufa »fa huuu unfa #h fate 7 1 

for fa 1823 fa. feu feu chutt fa didtfeH* 

cTUTlGuyU 1833 fa 1836 ^fa-feu feU#H fate 7 1 
37T fa 1837 fa. f#U fa faHUH WU fHSUUfa’ fa fa 
UHUU fofa, fa Ufa Ufa UUU feu UUTUUT H THU U# 

mfa yuu feu feu fawfa uhbot u §u feu ffafa 

fafaufeiuu 1838 feufeufeuyuy^ffeuyu- 
u hhuu 7 #u uu 7 fuw yfa uu tfst hwu uyiu 
wfeyr 1 fan fa yrufayf 7 uufe (Ufa) u wry Gfe f- 
fefewu yfa ufe-fefewu u uuu feu 1844 fa 
1854 fa# Ufa yu-yfau fey I H77 1850 U Udlsidl feH 

fa yfauunufa uuu fa feu Gfa 7 fefewfa hIwuu 
«dl faW I 

HU 1856 feu 37U HUH #U gfafeufefa feu 
utuu ffaguu u fewi fegufa Guuu feufa ufa 
fcjdd 1 uu 1 fe d UBufetyr Phc^ 1 feu ‘Huyfu - ypu 

(VlQu ' nf (Manual of Geology) M3 ‘fauUH yfa UUU’ 
(Corals and Coral) UU-yHUfa oPfa HHUU yfa 
yumufauui 

4 yfau, 1895 fa ffafa UTO fefa for fa HU U 

Ulfal 

UU.-faU. ffa H 7 . 3 : 365 

Sl<S 1 , PdUdU vlAdl : feu HUU3" d'rl mvrfau r 

u feu uufe mfa uffafa Hifefa fe sfeyuff fafu 

U 7 HUTU' (Two years Before the mast) U 7 KUU fa I feu 
U 7 USK feu »1U1HU, 1815 fa. fa WFUKUH UTT feu 
ufefeu fey ufeyfi d'd^dd feu u^ffafa yrru to 
feu fafa fay 7 fa fafet fau uifa yfa fofa" u ffaro 

HfayiUTUU, 1834 feu feu UUUUU fa fafatdfafaf 7 
UU 7 feprn 



yrufa fejyu u ufatufafer fayfa 

yuddl'd' fa HUU UUU 7 feu UU fafar U 7 UUU HUF U 
1836 fa. feu mfa uiy uuu ucfeui 7 yfa feu 

uuuuu feu uuu u ffayr 1 fefa truu 7 # u yisufa 
* '<6 fen <5 Hdldc< fau fayrdU fefeyuyfa feu u fuu 
feU HUffa Ufa UHUUfaTFUT ufal 

HU 1840 feU tHti feH fa UUU5U HU Utfa fa 

feu fa yruu 7 hutuu tuuw fe faymu fauu u 7 yuu’ 

yfa 1841 feu ‘fa faHSTT lufa Uprfeu UUUrfeyTI 
feu TUUIT HryfU feu feUTH# feu ‘fa faU7HT H^yfU’ 
u fa uu - uu u of 1 fed ufeyr 1 uuus fey huu feuu 
yruuu fa feu fa ‘ufau 7 HHuu scfafa yfafa to 

uufayf 7 fa HUU urfasT HU feu r UU 7 ?! utfa I US’ 1861 
fa 1866 far feu fa HH'UHUH UTT Ufa yiUUfa Ufa 
UHUfe 7 ! 

HU 1866 feu feu UU" dcSdl faUU fa UHUU 
‘yfetHUH yfU feuufaH7Tf5' FPM’ u fa-FUS uus fa feu 
yuuu U f#H ufefa HIFUU fa feu feuu H#5M 7 
urufeyri hu 1868 feu Qfatu gfefaru urufe 
feu fa Huufatyf 7 ufa Hufa srvrau fau 7 few uu’ 

HfaU fa feHfUU H'fedcT ufa u feuum uu# feu fa 
u^'^uil ?ufufai 

fa 7 faw-uu ufeu uus 7 # feu fe f#0y w 

far’ (To cuba and back) (1859); ‘fatfuu feu Hdfddl 
ufavrar’ (Speeches in striring times) (1910) yfa ‘yfa 
yffe fafefaurfefeU’Htu’ (1953) HTfU'TOI 

6 UUUfa, 1882 fa. fa UH feU feH fa ifa 3" Ulfal 
U.y- >fo. fe. H 7 . 3 : 365 

fa3WH, M’dlHdlfa : feu feufa U 7 feu 
ufuu feyi'HUU 1 * yfa fdH'dfaHU (feuut u fafarau 
ufa ufeu) fa yfe-tM fatfa u 7 fau 7 fa fan u 7 huh 

13 HcU^fa, 1813 feu feufa U HFHU 7 SPUfa 
(Mezzana Corti ) Hfeu fey ufewi HU 1834 feu 
feHfa Ufefef 7 U WM HfU 3 orfas fa feufa ITUU 

#tfa 1 iu opfa ufa feu yrufa ufeu - H'feti't! fa uy- 

3y UUU 7 feU 7 1 H77 1848 feu HU 1 UUU feu HUFUfa 
of'd* cTfa aTUHU HUt 3fa fa fa Gh U6TU feH 6 

ufafau Ud«l Hu u 7 feufa fafan 7 fewi fed 
HWtTfayr-UfefaU UTT U WS >fafa orfafe #TO U 7 
feufa fa I H77 1850 feu feufa OdfeldH ?Ufa U 7 tfa- 

ufayf 7 u 7 HHuau uus ?w feu uhw #few i 

feu fa wufa uufuufa *'« feu fau few 1# 
1853 fa. feu unfa H'dHlfal ffaro feu uufet 
Ulfa feUUU fa ufejU WUU cTTPUU 7jfa U HUUit I feH 
Ufa feH fa feH feU feu UU fa fejH 7 cS 7 few I 

HU 1859 feu fen fa fayufat UTT feu HUH 7 U 7 
UT^USU HU 7 fefa few 1 HU1U feufa feufa fau feU 
Gu-uthttu hu 7 # ufew feryf 7 1 fen fa feuut £ 




tu&flHWfe* 162 

hthe eh fwtt'Qii Et htue Ms 7 e 7 fenst fEE 1445 fe. e saiadrsfeHri sfel n>r fes nfaa e 



ip^4:p M fHTHT I fHr-f f^ 7 S' feH §" HrdS 
W E HfHHlS 7 EE SHt HTTp - ES fM 7 I 

he 1 fer u'dWlHr? e 7 he hhh nffenr e 7 fna 

EHHH, 1862 fEE fgwi dEVT# S' HEdt HEW fEE 
BoT-fpH 7 ? fesf'dl E 7 Hddl TafefHT I HS 1866 fe’d 
feHS HSS tats did '9 Ml E HEat-TIEE fEE TIHEHf 

seM <^*rdd' nut aiat he 1 fe fens' fen ferrefe fEE 

S 7 E 7 M feWdHlfl' 7ft HfE S 7 at EWtHfE I fenE 
SSHHH stSH Et ETJTft Hfeft feast W HFTptnF 
fsEfica ungtr fM feE'SEl sh se afet hte fen Et 
feyt HTSES 7 cftEt Sfet I fen Mf fen£ HTUE 7 
HfUEH 7 HEWS 7 fwi fl'SEHt, 1867 1%E fens' 
dlE'KSl S fSE-HESt HE 7 fEE 7 Ud E HatfSHf 7 fUHE 

nscra at ee afet i 

ns 1873 f^awnt^fefiifefenS'HW, 
1876 fEE HH-UUtHT E S 7 K-r*d r E HUt Et UTftHfE 
fEE EH E 7 l{tTE HEdt HSS Wdt HE 7 fEE 7 fHTHT 1 

fens Hfffens san ncra 7 s as e 1 ufow 7 at 
hw, 1878 e fear tteew anas' naara afe afeti 
etths, 1878 Iee fea fear Efet Isa E T arE Iee 
nrfeM 7 >8# fens fear sua a^fet ndcra Et nanus 7 . 
oftst i fea naara his 7-rafs he awt i Hai3 fea htus 
§ Ed r faar at s HHat->-few fea aria fEsrer s 7 HEat 
Hfsnr HfE safeffertHT s feffsH 1e- uhw 7 re es 
SEa fnEt naana ^ fear uit i fen fea feast s Et 
niton fas ns i 

Hat, 1881 f^a'fen s nrfrrat nacre anfevr aftEt 

fanEt HSfef, 1887 MEStlfeHESE T 7ISESE r 

nma, 1882 fe\ Iee eh at 2 UEtna ffataa7 
uEfeE sfe s fa- wfaara es 7 7ft 1 fen tth 1 fearat 

fapftaraE atP t#iw s sfttsE sat saraa a 
fea 7 7 ft e 7 ^t naara s ETaafeiar ar§s inn a?a fas' i 

HESft H 7 )!!?^ fEE Hast fEHETTUt S 7 aE E Et 

fen s fea nfenn arts 7 fer feast fafe Et naa fEE 
fsaw ?fet afa ttee 7 1 fen araa 1882 at. fEE arat 
nE-fEE T a fas’ fen s HnTafw, aaiat hie Hanst 
ssa fp7-feat feit fa- anaw ara fEE 1 fen feaa 
^EHy fEEEtfenSHi.dd'lor fEE yHdl'H 7 U 7 @E Sat 
aHW ara fsHfi ESEat, 1887 fEE atHufers 7 ee 
faTSt Et SEfet fEE 500 fad'MEl^H 7 s Hfas e fen 
Et Hd'ana s Mnata 7 e fEE 7 1 w, 1887 fEE fens 
fea EH E 7 qtFS HEat EE fePH 7 fePH 7 1 

fen Et HE 29 ESfet, 1887 §" TTEES 7 fEH 

Ml 

a. u.-^ls. fe. 7 : 200 ; ^S. fe. H 7 . 3:476 

3XT3', id Hof fa cV (Despres, Josquin) : fea 

ysdH r didt ars Ms pa e 7 tie e 1 nars PftasE 
7ft I fen E 7 ESH HSE^HH Et ats (Hainaut) an§fet 



eh eh feiafePH 7 eIw EES-HEsfer fEE arfear fea 7 1 

fea 1499 E 1 WW 7TH 7 UfaS 7 fed .dd'd 1 E fs<Qo( >Hdc(rt 
(Ercoie) ufes e feiafe Et aafear-HEst fea nars 
afe»H §e fen e 7 TTETj safer e sat n 7 ^ e feTsfe 
SE5- Etrfti la^ fE¥ fen s >h t he nrsar e htoes 
fEE ‘Hercules Dux Ferrariae’ HIE ‘Miserere’ 3tTS aE I 
fea 1505 fEE fefar Et he fe h 7 ^ fen s tara 7 ee 

fEE 7 >HE §Et (Conde) fEH SEa #H EEE fEE HaH HHt 
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— d — 

27 nrSTHE, 1521 S EEt fEH feH Et HE E afet I 
H.y.-’Jte. fe. 7: 308; ES. M. 6:223. 

, H (Des Peries, Bonaven- 

ture) : Safer E fen oia'itd'd', arEt >HE HSE^'Et E 7 
hsh 1500 fe. fEE afenri fea hfee feHTsfer M 
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HS 1536 fEE TTEE Et Ha 7 d i a1 H^dllrd S fe 

uata t HfUE 7 nctEa fsprE oftE 7 1 Haaiaa e saw 
fEE fEEE-EEfea SRS oTSfESEM HfE ttfeoT 
HfSEfet cVd' r H af&E ns I HfOjfet UTTEoT ‘Cymbolum 
Mundi’ (1537) fEE E Oafe S fenfet HE ffecRJ HUE 
M ElEtHf 7 as fern 6ras fenE sat Me ehhe he 
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fefHf 7 1 

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feHEt HE 1544 fe. fEE SfetHfTag fEH at EE 

sat stss fM M i HfH se 7 e fws Hfsira £ uafa 

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injdd, fsfetT (Desportes, Phillippe) : fe 

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163 

M‘Q<* 3" SUES ?t &T E SW UEfftM 7 I for Et ‘Pre- 



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me usd'Quw fe«cfw sut ei yfed'Et e mses 

EUEE M3 %w STftMW ?EET EFEtM 7 S fEE Et 
mi^ M3 HW 1st §■ 533- UEE cflWEI 

5 McT3EE, 1606 Et. 1?E MS MTE SSWftS 
(Abbey of Bonaport) f?¥ fEE Et H3 3 didl I 

Ey.-HlS. ft. H 7 . 3 : 492 

H'dMttlrt (Desbordes 
Valumore, Marceline) : fEE Ed ' H E 36 'Eof ydl 
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fEE S’ EEt oTH T §ET EEt list ftXE f?E Et ^UfEM 7 f?E 
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fi-ld Mddd TEE ft^Mft oid^TdM 7 fHH E 7 EErft S 7 
?ftSHS Ht I fEE fer EW3 U3Sf ’HE SElt H 7 EWE EEt I 
fefftt oHES ESE $3 fEE Et M 7 ?^ stoT S 7 UW EftS 
fEE S feUE E T 3E HE EE fEE 7 I 

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S MWSftM 7 E TlfM 7 Et H3 E 7 EE ?t EfUM 7 Ht I fEE 
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Pleurs’ (1833, EE), ‘Pauvres Fleurs’ (1839, f?E'd 
EW), ‘Bouquets et Preires’ (1843, EJHEE3 > H3 
U'dy* 1 ?') US' I 

23 EWyl, 1859 S OfEE f?E fEE Et E3 9" ElEt" I 

tr. y— fy. H 7 . 3 : 484; ^13. MPl. 8 : 717 ; 
ft;. 7 : 280 

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(Daimbert) : feEEt f?E fUE 7 E fEE 
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fEE $ fer S MW fer Et E 7 ^ ffel f?E fer s 
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E.y.-Hft. ft. H 7 . 3 : 348. 

3" VpPkA (Des Moines) : EEoT3 EW MEEfoT 7 E 
M'feG? 1 EET E fftE-bfeEt EEcft 3ftT E 7 E3 ^ ^S 7 
EfEM 7 E I fer fHStfe 7 E E^-U?Et fEE Et EfEoT 
Efe fW fSdlWE 1 E 3 845 fe. Et. E 7 W tM 51ES 
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offM^cT HU'S E S3 EfcPH 7 feEfttut cftET E 7 fHEE 7 
El fel EET E 30,940 f?\fa\Et. M3E Et ES-fSETfe 
oTEE 7 E M3 HEfe 3 40 fe. Ht. '§3 7 E ?S fHEEt M3 
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UA'EIm 7 EIEtM 7 US I MftH? 7 , MHddf?'«", EEE SET 
M3 S' E 7 fES ?EET EfEE fEE EfEM 7 E EE ^3 ?E EE 
ESI 

40° 22' §■. f?E.; 91® 26' . lJ. EE. 

tr. y.-H|?r. ft. H 7 . 4 : 27 ; ^ls. Mtf. 9:15 




164 



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3>nj sT H(5 - Hd£i<S , TT" ( Desmarets de 
Saint-Sorlin, Jean) : feE .Sd'dlnl f5®T, ofet , <Vdc<- 
W HfE fiWflStTTi' E 7 TT77K 1595 Et. feE ufOH fetf 
EfeHf 1 feu Edfel HT HfOfEHt E HE# HEO 7 fe# Ht HfE 
feE HfofEHt E 7 ufdW 7 EfeWO Et feH" §■ g T fiPH r foPH 7 1 

fen cprot ww ht# ohtt wjot zt Hrrfe 

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E Hflfet HdUHdl 06 EEt Hdcf 'dl HfofEHf E 
Horfojfi for # ofet EfeE nr# sfet gw sw foyi 
Les Visionnaires(1637), ‘Scipion’ (1639), Clovis ou la France 
chretlenne’ (1657) Hffe feE EtHf f#H yHEcf 0771 

28 HfcTJHH, 1676 Et. S’ UfeH 1%¥ for HE O’ 

dldl I 

H.y.-nlE. fe. H 7 . 3 : 486; niE. nf>). 9:10 
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w e #EEt »raw fa# e EEofoot 3w fair 

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13° 29' f . feE; 79° 03' U. EE. 

H. y.-for. 31. fife. 11 : 128 

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for e EnTy-Enr# EiEvrt Etnr ofot eoefe* - ferfEE t 
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for EOt E nrsrEE HOE EHt OfOEt E E EM'ATnr 
wot feoi yygdd ftor Oh cTEEt e i e ^foE 1 see? 

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35° 56' ■§■. fW.; 52° 08' U. #E. 

E. y - ntE. n#. 8 : 681 ; n|A. fe. H 7 . 4:2 

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(ftTEE 144, 145 ; 1853) feE H 7 HZ’ cttEtHf feWEtHfi 
OE I 1072 S’ WITTE 7 (Faenza) feE feHEt HE E ofet 

E.y.-nlE. fir. H 7 . 3 : 363 ; n|A. H#. 8 : 429 . 

sHfe - , fd^ddsJ ; tTOHTtt E feE flit 5fet E 1 
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HfUEt of fed 1 feE fe|EE oftE 7 1 feE Et offed 1 E 1 
yfdtt' Hd)fo ‘Erlosungen’ (1891; “Redemptions”) Ht 




165 



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feSS fertHl feHTSfeiH -^'HcV SSSSHSHSf Ud'tSl 
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<Sdes odd 1 W feoT Hdft 3USW ‘Zwischen Volk und 
Menschheit’ (1919) Ht I for stft 7 HHS ddcvfe ‘Weib 
und welt’ (1896) ‘Woman and world’. Die Verwan- 
derung der venus (1907) ftS ‘ Schone wilde welt’ 
(1913) USI 

for bfHSt UUS 7 fes HtftHSt UHTfSoT Umfes §" 
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8 sued! , 1920 st. § yd'd*ydo( fesyMcfefe 
fes fen s 7 sufe s fops 7 1 

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H 7 HS offe 7 fSIft 7 1 

SSoT, Tfet >HS feS St SHS USWUI 

<SUd BcT 7 S S^ U'rtd: S 7 fed 1 Wle'feft 7 sfeft 7 SI 
Uisfe MS ?fest S fe#S SA'Qs 7 fes s uw Omsui 
us 1 fes 7 s fesrm Heft mis 7 , us nfe us sfef 7 mrs 7 
ftrfe #■ ssfetnr fesfer us 1 

s. y.-’te'. ft. H 7 . 4 : 21 

#ar arfet tr : 5=rf^rar - sms sfe (srfe.) s 
Hsms Hsfrt s fes ut FT 7 S Fh<^ S 7 HSU-HmH s 
feus 7 fss sfaft 7 s hs s# mfew s i fes st ssoim 
fes 7 ?# HUS'U' srfet s 7 s i 5 #t Hst s wftss hts 7 




9d' OnttuO 



166 



fee etfet At I He 1867 fee feo fH^fHUWAt HfUO OH 
fepjfITO 1908 We 1909 fee feOHfdOO^'e T WOOt 
d<J ' dy'(J O fdlW 7 UO H3 Oh 'd few 7 tOW 7 I Httd 'ft 
d'W IFH W's;'itA 1 HO edft ttA) ffdW 7 fAU OlH UW 

uF'few 7 few 7 o.l fifer efew 7 fee feodlw 7 e 7 fee 
UWO^eeiF^WWeHd.siddl^ OwOt W^'iH'AI At 
ngwe woAtw 7 oMti fen srftjW fee ffe e fe#w 
we orate wAe one e oe oge ufew 7 e At yewe 
oe i weetj fee ew gen, wo 7 Alow, eue 7 few 

c(dft W 1 Ad ^ddil W 7 Hft Wd' HOOtfe Oft I H Idd fWtj 

OHuerw we uho yefeofeot none eese Ot 

0171 

wfet- 1,03, 000 (1981) 

30° 03' § . fee. ; 70° 38' y. WO. 

O.y.-Afe. fe. H 7 . 4. 21 ; feu. 31. ffe. 11 : 257 

3cF HrUtyB 1 : feo st'dd 0 feVFOW lndH OFT 
fee cf'dld 1 fe^" e 7 fee HfdO ftHd^ 1 859 ¥. fe. At. 
(515 h At.) eeo fee tfww Afew 7 01 Afeo-yoe 
fee' fene 7 tww Ofet uofet we eow-ifeH fee - 
fWH efeW At ^'Al O’ IFO Ah<?'c 5 Udyd-rtrfl ee 
ofeW 7 ofew 7 O 1 OFtT MS' feWH A tddfHM 1 ?)' [Add 1 
eofer fewnr 7 o §h At ferret otft we oeo eAtw 7 
not get h i feew 7 e 7 ufee efee - wito fRFW'Het 
fee At Hfed 01 

wfet-3,378 (1991) 

O. y.-fefe.f. 5 : 259 

^d'rT? : ufeHd 1 * 0 HO 7 ifeAt UiFO We 
OfeO-lfeHt Afe 7 Ufe 0 HW UOOe 7 e fee efew 7 
00 0 oeo £ feoFFe’ w oe i ufew*- fen fee ife 7 
.defe IT, OO 7 OTfet IF, Oh 1- feHHfetW M 7 e 7 A fecT Ot 
HfeWHeUOWH HO 7 feHHAtW H 7 We to 1 " OFfft IF 

few At fen fee hhw oe i foFFe At oe Aeo fee 
fer ffee uoee-wet we eew fee ™ nfoo efe 
e i hw-ftt uoefe O 1 ifeH Ow ffei efoFF Ofe fee fer 
uoot- Aeo o fen et wefel 500 10. hP. »fe eefet 80 
10. At. o i fee Aee HweFr e were gewe 1 ?!, Hwe'w 
gee et feor tFolte get At ue Oe fee efe>3F w ue 
et»F wfefrF Afr 0 wife srae fee eyw 0" 
wfeO feo T i fen spew OhO ewe 1- 0 fee Ae ffe>r 
wAfeeflod'y dcFAt ffn Ofeeeee eeffe 
e fee i hoo^ e wefOnF 0 fen Aee fee e ffepfeAt 
HHefer fe to cpfen Ofe w O 17 OfeFF e fe 01 
O 17 0 wife wfe" 0 ot to 1- eefe fe w to 7 
feHHfefefeey we i ewe 7 e fAefet cfetw e AAt 0 
were H T eH T o et Seet Ot Ofet 0 HfeHe - e oft fee 
Oo OFF Ot yfe'JF fee 7 1 HW3 T ?r dHft e uO 0 fed 00 
to 7 hhAOh Ofe 7 fen e 7 fe ffuO weO w 

Qfed ' fudfe ofe e fe 0 OO 7 OFttt M 7 ofwi H77 



1494 fee OFitt o 7 et ife fulr fAe efe»F e eye 01 
e Hore leoo 7 e 7 fAofefef 7 ?ow oora 7 o few 
fed 'ft! of 7> nee 7 HtrfOooi^ e ffej e do 0 dO 7 ^fe ? 
OFT Ofe 7 ! H77 1526 fee W O 7 ^ »FfeW W 

ffeotoerefee eoe 7 eo few 7 1 feofefef 7 0 01 wz 
et Fmlftd 1 Hftol ifet e ftfe fee ofew 007 
ooffo spew e yewe »fe weiw ower to : 
weO ewe wite w few 7 , gefe wfte owe feo 
ward'd Mfee ooi ho owe eotfew 7 e feo 7 ? 
A^'yi et Ate Aet i feofetw - e is fewfoefet Oi 
orfet fe e gewe oo i oo 7 feHHfefe a 7 ffe owe 7 1 
Ot oft fee 7 ! isOf Hfefeefeofetw^fetHoeewo 
e Aior eo hoof 7 ufet i efh eoO 1 7 3 9 At . fee eAe 
ho e efew feu h ush <^ '« ton G u d offf eo k 
?fw lofe et Hore ufefe ?fh ufe ofet i Fffeoe h 
eofet ofe ewoo 7 »fe feofefef 7 e feoo oo 7 orert ? 
W 0 HOHO OF 7 few 7 1 fOH fefe 1770 At. fee O 
(Ahh 1 Ate m 7 e owe ooeo 7 e Ot orefe wfew 7 
fAfe e 7 uoo Ot how e o 7 eno 7 ofe >h Ioph i fen 
et ewOtw ofew feO 1 1849 At. fee fee uo oo 
Ofe woe 7 e 7 eoe 7 o fetw too Oo 7 OFet ! 
we oo 7 fAoHfetw fe fee Ofew 7 few 7 1 

O. y.-feU. e. fe. 11 : 269 

OH 1- WW rTH*5" fHW : 00, d'U'HfeAt (fe»F 

^dWsT, UfeT : SOFT e fOH HfeOHO 0 7 e?7H 
ffeoo, 1846 §■ offer fee ofAw 7 1 oofe-eooe eei 
og ow 0 too oe fee ooet ofAw 7 we eo oh 10 
feo rt.ioAlft A 0 wge e uge feiw 7 uo owe fee fe 
pife opoe feo e fe d et eeo r sent ifet i 

Ae 1872 fee feiw 7 fee etw 7 eo- oofetfe 7 
efefefe e 7 Hdlfd ‘Chants du soldat’ Odd ufefo ofA 1 
feo 1875 At. fee fee e ‘Nouveaux Chants du sold; 

HOTfe uoFfoe eooAAw 7 1 

Ae 1882 fee ddrtsi e eo oore 7 et fee hh 
eAoH etet fee e 7 AO Aee oofe we oo feee 
eoet ue 7 eo?e At i OTHeeo e 7 fero eoe e eo fe 
1900 At. fee fee e eo feew e fee 7 few 7 of 
fife eOoo, 1905 fee fen e Hwfef e feet mAt i 

eo fuww etw 7 efeefe- e few 7 ? 7 feo e e 
fefeoore ewe Ot fwo i 

30 ee^At, 1914 §• ho ooe fee fee et ne 

dlA) I 

O.y.-Ate'. fe. K 7 . 3 ; 481; >fe. fe. 7 : 278 ; W7T. » 

8 : 714 

#75", HB" DcSdl : Ae 1914 fee wfAfewew 
S’ feeee eoe eo fee Hofe-fefew 7 fetowfet 
eew 9 ye, 1875 e wee fee ofew 7 1 Ae 1939 A 




167 



feu W Hutu-fefaur fefelUPW fe U 3 U fee - feu HdHW 
yfeu-OsP^ fefUTUP?ft upfe Wdl (Otto Loewi) fe <S 1 « 

fewu aa-aaar fe aufeuu hw hM afe sthtt wat 
Saw ydRcCd ?rw H?r>r-fwur feTuri few w SafetT 
ySfeafedl a 1909 fea HsilHcS few dldtHdHO feat I 

feu w 1904 a at Swanr- fefeTOite fanaa 
wwaat fea urua 7 9 u a 7 Su w few 1- at i uiaara 
(d 'til a ddi) atot Sh cfdfd'dS feu w fdHd'Hl t> fe feu 
sgafe iew w asiaur faaa 7 a ^ 7 feu 1 " urwaffer ura 
WrafewfeHcT (anaphylactic) ulaffUPfe Rat few- 

aa aa 7 ai fea w 1914 at. fea feu w fea an 
ora?r if fea 7 faafe uuia fea Hafew faaaa uhw 
a 7 a ?rw ufeu aat i aw 1928 a 1942 au whitw 
faaatfafa ura H 3 tww fanaa a 7 arfeauaa fea 1 
fea ataw fepfeat a ucpw wa yu aaa gu auw 
tuffwa at fefarurww awaaa fefet a 1- feuiafer 
fea 7 ! fea uaa r a-fafT T aM aww? avfet a 1- huu 
at far 1 fea §" 1932 fea ?rfefe a fua^ ?rw 

HcShTcSuP fHTUP I 

23 awfet, 1968 w fediwa fea tufau fea fea 
at aa a afet 1 

P.U.-UW. fe H 7 . 3 : 352 

# few!" : fea awafea (Hemerocallis) urrat 
a fwau ufauf aati afe fery a uawaa 
uwfafwifet (Amaryllidaceae) TO” ?TW at awfe aw UU 
fea ufe fwfefeat (Liliaceae) §W upftw fufe fefe aw 1 
uthw fwwt aw 7 a Qwd, fery a aw 1 " atup- aatup 
uatup (auw) ura ddiaa uuwW- (uaw) aa-ayafer 
Taaauatwaaafeaaat^awifeauw^amia 
fea aaS feu ?>wt feat uafeatur aw ua fwwt aw + 
feuT fery a 1- wafer Saaaaat (Superior) aa 1- a 1 ura 
au fe?y atuf Saw 20 rratuf- a - at swaa Sta- 
rr fewur a 1 fea Tratuf- rratuf- uafe urfe hu aHtur 7 
atup tivRiw aw 1 

fay aw*" atuf- Hatur rratur ga-aat (peren- 
nial) ura sfetwH 7 aatup- aw 1 fe<y a - aa 7 uSa 
(ffetuH) fear uaat a aw 7 at aaa 7 a urfe fen atur 
rryfe a a^-aa 7 fea 7 aa S fear aa wrw 
fwfeur afeur aa 7 ai few a aa fe yffeat aaaa 
fea a uaauw (propagation) fea aafet oel a fefefe 
fea 7 TW fea ua a aaa afe sa sa aa ua ffetra a 
fea aw 1 hffea 7 ua 7 feaw aarw 7 tfe tT 7 fea a afe 
?a aaa aa, a u?auw wat fea feat aaa ^tft»r a 1 
aw afer w (buds) S 1 ura ?fer fau ua aau 
(scape) fwotwa aw few 7 Qfe aw waia aw 1 w fwwt 
aaa 7 (Hosta) urrfet a fwwt aW 7 cvw fau bfe 
awauat-wsa 7 tlu few§w ?ua aa aw 1 

naa aa 7 ufaw 7 aHaafwa a sfew a aww 
(Clone) uaat eu 7 a aau fea ffetra afe aw 1 fey w 



tffe^t 

1570 ufe 1576 fea fraru wrtiwa fwQdlwr 
fwwt-awaa (Asphodelus luteus liliflorus) RfW btaf"- 
twa iwtatuia (Asphodelus phoeniceus) TT 7 law afe 
aw 1 a aar a 7 ^ ^t a?iauat fefaiurwt fwTfena 
jfew fay a arwfe aa at. aaa 7 at fey w fa w 
awatfwa aw ^ 7 (H. flava) ufe aaatfwa awa 7 (H. 
fuiva) w 7 faa 1 gau bfe faat uwafer fea fay a 
orwfe a ua fu^wtur waraar ua afen 7 a afe fea 
Rf 7 aa aw 1 

anatfwa unfet a ufeuf fea sfet fefdtSd 1 ^' 
ufet^afet^awif^at^afetafe^feaua 
wdi'd'd aaafaaawi^-faal-yaafeafHww^wt 
fea afet aaw? a ua aafea 7 afetw a uffen 7 a 
ua uaaa at at aa fea aw ufe aafe at aa fea ua 7 
aua (dormant) uiaaa 7 fea aw 7 rra 7 a 1 feiy fea 
ofet tTfetua ufa 77 W (H. nana) ^aaffuT awtui 7 aw 
fer a ua Ma ncxu hh 7 at 30 h 1 . wt. aa Q e aa aw, 
aa fe ufa. uawfentHtup- (h. aitissima) a 2.5 nt. aa 
^a" aw fea aw 1 aatup- aaw 7 aatur 7 a 7 urcna fe<y 
efe a feasnaw 7 afaa 7 ai ofet few 7 a fw, aau eft 
a fwwt Saw faw aw at fuaa aw aa fe ofet ufa. 
ffefaw (H. citrina) aaaffuf 7 few 7 a |w a 7 ? hw 
fuaa aw 1 few a few 1 a 1 afef IfeTK 7 urfertup- St aw 
fey a fw 1 a w S 3 fafe afe fua afaa aw 1 

aw 7 a aar fea faw hu aaaar (pigments) uifea 
aw 1 ofet aatur fey fe aw 7 a 7 aar fwaw utw 7 aa 7 a, 
fea 3 ddl* r fes! (carotenoid) ^aWoT UHU aa 7 a I 
naiaat aar w aw 7 fea feafew (xanthophyii) ?aaa 
feuparaaT-a-i fer a fewra 7 aw^a a fwwt aw 7 fe 
dldU fea UfUHfeturfwW (Anthocyanin) uaWcT St afe 
aw feaa fey fw 7 w fat aa nafe urfe wa urfe 
arwat gat aa waa fWfet hw 7 fafe aw 1 

fey fetur ofet iratur fe |w aaa fe ana aa fe 
iffeaofetuf-feaiafefetaaufeofetafeturfea 7 
aravft fe uruta fea fe uaua fe Hf fea fuafe aw 1 

aaiworaa aura 7 uwaorfwTT fetup- aaa Hfetur 7 
7fetur Lpatuf 7 aa fea urfetur aw ffey fe aar ura 
77 HW ufawtur afetur war aaa fey aw 1 awatfwa 
aiup- waiaai 500 aarwtur 7 aatup- feuwau awi 
fegaa aar uwatsr fea aaa nafur 7 ufffeftur 7 
odHdlup- aw fau a fwwt atup- aarwtur 7 afetup- at at 
uratat ffeupa cftat feat a 1 fey fw 7 fe aar, fuaw fe 
hu ura ufaur fe uporu fea ffertup- fefe?rafe- aa 
orafe at fea ufe ua feaua aar uwatu 7 , Swa 7 ura aa 
Harfetu 7 fea St fapfe fea uw 1 

fefe fe Hcraw Hear at ffeat 3 fwwt wat aorfe 
aat a 1 fea ufe aery fe ^rrfaur 7 fe ww ?rw fe 
3 W uia fry fe ?rw Qdi'Qa wat na a 




t<fe (fF7T) WeiHfee 



168 



ere i fee gt wet e 7 pro 1 ire wfe e 7 Ge 
<sut! g«ti eei fey £ 6“«lw et Sfe srh-t'dl cSdl 

Wdlfe We H 7 et WTHt fertl g W £ Wdtci <g 1 H 1 o(y1 

feaeg- eefeewei 

fere wl feuee fee # feet fe frewr ire we" 
efe ear weee 7 pert 1 e i yefe 5F e ee ffewefee# 
feet - e fre tee e ea wGe ere i fere fee £ feet £ 
fea few ifew 7 refe Geefew fee 7 a i ye were 
few ee Geee ifew 7 ee «few fefew 7 ere i gee 
HW3or wretor 7 e efe afee 7 fee feret yeee few 1- 
fey # # fofe e wfe ee fre ge wfe fee fecfe 
ee are 1 for e to - ffe £ ie ie wfew 7 fee fe G 
yfet fee feG fee 7 fee 7 e i ere fee reea we wwier 

we fee fro 1 ot yyr 7 fee 7 e 1 £ feret e fre 7 £ fee 
we ^sswy e triew £ afrGct wet fe ^efe w fee 7 
ei 

e.y.-W7. fe. 7 : 112 

#?ff, (feyr) WTlfe : wretcF e fee 
*'<!o(ord we feQwdoi a H¥re fee efe few rew 
eerefw 7 e areae e 7 area ufew fee 20 awfe, 
1838 fe. £ efew 1 fee 1859 a 1 ye# fee frefaw e 
efe wuw" wet sw yeettd e ee e fefew fee 1- 
fee 1- 1 aeare we re wfe erefet e wire a 1862 fe. 
fee 5S«1 re wire 1- feere 7 n.<s» wire ‘fewe e 
feewy (Leah the Forsaken) feftfW I fee 1867 fee 

fee re ww feere 7 few we eeHre fiiwe 7 Tew 
‘feee et efe ?efefe’ fefew i fee 1869 fee fee e 
wifet ?eeor mfet orfee cfret we eee - et §wr iree 
Oe 1 " ofte ifeeeeee §fee ?eeor (Hori- 

zon, 1871) fei fee w fear ^few ?eeor ‘snfefeee’ 
200 ere* - e^r eeir ee r fee 1- fei fee 1879 eeee 
fe§weor fee e 1893 eeee fe¥?r fee fe feeee 
onfeeoftei 

7 ge, 1899 £ iHee fee fee et ee e efet i 

e.y.-W7. fe. W. 3 : 358; >>T?r. Wf, 8 : 424 

: fee fsew ufew 1- ef feor utee!' we 
fee yore e ew - w ?e e i fee ureet fee 315??-^ 
;?fetw 12 reetw* - eie fe ^ee'-ifet WHefer etw 
eveee e7r i gee efe ufew 1- e ire wij-eojfe ufe ee 
fe fefew fee #fe 5fe ife eeew e Here eei eefet 
teefee fee efe ey e fecit we e ^le feefe e fe 
w fee ee uee gee" efetw ee r efe feefe, ffee 
we y.dilfew fee Odrfew lee #7few, fee 
ie tie feee feme e fe ffeee ee fe fee feevr 
e feeee et ?fet ye i eefe fe feefe ffey e fefe fe 
ee ee, fee eei?fe feee t^few (Dahlia) e feorfee 
get w ee i 



#?few e fe ufeet fee geeeetw fee 
i798et. fe efee fe few 1- ot mee ofte are i feor fret 
(D. pinnata) e 1 " feoT ee H'dl (D. coccinea) Tre evfe 
srafe cfet ceetwi - feefe Ofe ertetw^ gfetw 1- e we-e?j 
we ufetw* - feetye eei eaee effew fee ee feet 
(D. juarezii) fe GdUTf oftfet efet fe HcfHtor7T yw et 
fee ?fet Geuet uete eet e i 

y. dfl few fee Grrfe fee efe fefew e ffefe 
13 eiefe fee #few fr eeer e ffey fee ^ e efier 
fee ey ee :— (i) feoriee ifetw, ffey fee ?fet 
wore iretw - et feor few eet e, fe ^fetw fsfee 
feee ifetwr lee fiuet eet e; ( 2 ) e# were e 
§fetw, ffey e g« we yie ee ee ; (3) eet 
#fetw, ffey fee feevr ifetwr wfety ^fetw eetw 
ee ; (4) wife tffew, fey fee erfet ie we fee 
ese ee e?f we (5) ororee yfew fw fee fegfw^ 
wffeee feefe eetw wi 

dwlw e frt 1 etw ?fetw i ' fo(HH T ife 7 cree ?fet 
fey £ hw e we ee yffew fee 7 ewe ge fee 
fey §e fee ufew £ gw etw fewfetw 7 fee 
egete ore fee 7 fee 7 e i ifetw e feew ire eefef 
fuft we 7 ftHfe fee gee |fee fewe ee ye fey £ ue 
eyegefte^fet ffetfeeieewfeireGeefew 
fe nee 7 e i fee ifegy ee w fff fee efee ee i 

fey fy e 7 fee y Hife e fee g?enjet 
fefeejey o(<srtl«id ewe 7 rfetee e feor g77Hiret 
fefee>e?7t yraywer #e e H?ee?f fee efew ferwi 

ey.-^rle. fe. H 7 . 3 : 345 ; W7. fe. 6:995 

: fee awe eer wfetee e 
tfefeestw eer et fee HetG arGet e 7 afee e we 
are yfew e feyye reee fee 7 ei fee i85o fee 
afeee 7 £ afee fee 1 fefe e yw were £ 
egeeaet eee e 7 feaew eere ete 7 ! frre feet y 
fey wgreoee 7 fee 1 et fecr fe fee e reG 1 Ge afee 
e 7 reG 1 few i fee 1906 fee we fe 7 ^ or^- jto - 
fefew ^eft fee fe fe ferae ue #r efe i fee e gfet 
gTfae twee ew w aa 7 !!^ e efe we afee arfet 
yfwe e ferwi fee 1911 fee fea afee £ feeme 
ofte 7 few i feffet eeetw 7 efetw 7 etfe efety e 
we we sffaw Hftfd' e 7 feor aye 1945 fe. fee 
tfofefetw fee fee uafer e fee ferw 1 ufew afe 
wfeaalw, feree we eefeuere 7 £ afee e feora 
fee ee fe eet £ wfet 1 

W 7 g 7 fe-92,311 (1991) 

37° 42' G. fee.; 122° 29' if. He. 

e. y.-we. fe. 7 : 12 




169 



ifea, avr 



55 tt S 1 , dFCHl'Jf 1 ' (Deledda, Grazia) : f333f 
at fen 3 i ^«a , d m# 333 ydHoi'd' fea3 ! to 33H 27 
H333, 1875 §■ H'dfsicSlw fea 3TO3 fea afeM 7 ! 
fen# afe 1 afeta uaat aaw a 7 oftfet ua fea at 
H 1 fdcicf rtdlrt M3 fcSUTSd 1 So dl fvfij fedd 3t fe t| 1 dl 
33 337 U#t 5# I feU MUf# HVT at feof 33# :?c?3 7 ^t 

wffeatHt! 

#3TO 17 TO if faa #?3 drd'ilM 7 
foaatM 7 TO offetM 7 ftldffM 7 3of-dl'Ufe f# MW- 
faa H77i fen atM 7 stowIm 7 adfealM 7 >e jh e 
grrfenf 7 fea ucrfaa aatM 7 H3 i 

iat faa fea at fea l?w aaro # an a#f 
diy] m# Qy a# tost mow fea dJl i tout# ufod 
a'afestM 7 fea fea Mofaa acfa wdi'ffel aaf at 1 21 

rm at fH3 33 H'dfsTtSlW 3 33-afe3 3 M'U'fdd 
fen atM 7 f#3 UH3oT ‘Fior di sardegna’ (1891), 
‘Reccond Sardi’ (1894) M3 ‘Anime Oneste’ (1895) 
Ucf 7 fH333tM 7 l 

TOT 1902 fea fen 3 ‘Dopoie divorzio’ (1902) 
M3 1903 fea ‘Elias Portolu’ M'fa <V <*<!•!> fo# f-Hc^ 1 
ora# fen to ?3 933 at ufau afeM 7 1 fea 3 3 

MA^'3 cfet U'dd« 3H 7 fea oft# 31F 1 

TOMa fea feH 3 cfet fdlM'^of A'?(6 #t 
fev fafe- fea ‘Cenere’ ‘ L’edera (1906), ‘Canne al 
vento’ (1913); ‘Lincendio nell’ (1906) M3 ‘Oliveto’ 
(1918) M’ftl HOTOT 33 I 

fe33 ^cfM 7 FTOof 7 M3 cErfetM 7 f3U3 3?ffe3 
3 3H3 UdHoi'd few fdlM 7 ftT3 3 T 3 fed HH 7 d _ ufHU 
3 did! I 

16 M3T33, 1936 # 3H fetf fea at H3 3 afet I 

3.U.-M3. fc[. H 7 . 3 : 446 ; M3 MH. 8 : 618; 33. 
^3. 6 : 170 ; M3, fa. 7 : 197. 

d^d (Delauney, Robert) : fe3 safe TO 

fear ufau faW'ddf'd at faa 3 sfe3 aw at faffeaa 

UTO3f fea H3 3 uffefe TOT 333 Hf oft# 1 feK TO 33VT 
12 MU3, 1885 # ufea fet afeM 7 ! 33 .fea fea 
tffedd' #lafel3a Hf M3 feTOcPat 3 7 MHof'ttt 33 3 
at cfaro ati H3 1910 3 Hafa fea 3 feQfetdK f%3 
M 3 TTO 3 irtro to afte 7 1 ‘Mfetew 3^3’ f %3 feir 3 

aB7T}‘M3 33T 7 TO HHW feffeeVT oTO 7 £ ©TOara 
afte 7 1 fen TO5t ‘MTOfeflH’ (Orphism) 3 TO TO3 
lrfH3 33t fror 3 H ^ 3 ' Hdld'G^'fet fdddM'd' 

3 MurofeM 7 1 

f%3 H3I3 fror TO foT^ MTO-MTOaTOT f^33- 
TOat 3 faiM 7 M3 felT 3 ‘of33 fsiHTOf’ M3 T45d’ 

^aat ufmr M 33 7 at »st aroati H3 1921 3 totb 1 

333 TO M3 MftT3 feddot’d' atM 7 fettfelM 7 TO <5fed 
33 faPTO froj 7 3 MM3 ^33TO3T f33d 7 TOTOa 7 3^3 



a t 3 #U 3 §■ fUK^ ofta 7 33 #33 mtu Wafe 3 TOJ 7 ’ 

3 at a3TO faa 7 ! 25 M 3333 , 1941 3 kot?## f%# 
for TO TOP3 3 f3PTO I 

3.U.-M3. M>) 8 : 608 ; ^?7. fe. H 7 . 3:443 

drtdl P^cid : fTOMTOfeTTOfeorfw 
aarotaor mtoj- nt i fea to aroi 16M3IH3 , 1817 f%a 
wot trot afeM 7 1 far 3 -roal^l m 7 TOstaafeat 3 
5333 fea f^taM 7 3313 oftat m# 1840 at. f%a 
ftraaatM 7 ^33 93 aa faat ua 1849 at. i%a 
■©to faa Hroatro m 7 faiM 7 1 

f%3T uwt 3^ FfTOT HTOfua 5133 §333 fea 3 
mtoto aTOAt^y at<33 mw afro i faa ufere 7 1855- 
1861 at. a aaro M3 fro 1863-1865 at. a aaro 
MrotcT 7 a arta Mia atuaafaaa to hw faa 7 M3 
Mairo fair Maa at Matast fHMra a aaro faa aasff 
HfaoTK to aM3K3 at faa 7 1 

afroirat 33 3 faa fead'Jla l 3 cf 3 -wt iff ua 
Mrofop- a iua 3 tot #3 faa 3 fa atM 7 aatM 7 tot- 
atatM 7 at aast M'fea * 1 ^t oftat 1 faa 3 #§■ #f%a 
fa 3 3 uar crd'Qa at aat tfaa sftat faa f%a firora 
at yaa-faaiTO 7 torto at atat to uroa cfta 7 faiM 7 1 
faa fa 3 aaa fea a 7 uar a fapro ua faaa 3 fea 3 
#ta aa faa 7 M 3 #1%a 1864 at. fea Maiat arfa 
feaat ata airo troi 30 aaro, 1865 feafeaat 
aroataa fea H 3 a aiat 1 

a.U.-nia. fe. H 7 . 3 : 915 ; ^3. MK. 8 : 534 

\d'd*H ddrtoS ; fea MHatoff fa33TO3 
to aaa 7 arorot, 1856 3 arouHaH aar fea 
aaaaat fea afeM 7 ! fea 3 taa3 M3 ufea fea 
faaaroat feat 1 sd feint H3t fea f-faa faaaro toto 
fea Mniro aa to fw MHafet faad'dca at 1 ufea a 
3 # aaffero fea fea 3 TO3a3a3 a 3313^ fea Mnfe - 
333 afe fafea arofei #3 1906 fea fea TO 133 
Mroaat m 7 ^ f#afete to fifea afeM 7 1 #3 i889fea 
trfaa uaaast fea afet to 3H3f faaa 3 froaro fea 
3 ofet 33 fe33f 3313 Oft# 1 3 TO 73 331 MHafe 7 a S#t 
fait Mrofea-Ma 7 fea fea a faaa 3ar aa 33 1 

5 M3TH3, 1933 3 ofTOfetofa 3TO fea feafecf 
fea fea at H3 a afet i 

3.U.-M3. fe. 7 : 102 ; M3. MH. 8 : 507 

#f%TT, : feai3fe a fea faC r otto to 
tow 1550 at. fea feaiAfe fea at aaiaau a ?>aala 
a^faa fea afeM 7 1 fOT 3 t3#tM3 M 7 dorfeor 3 ata 
Hafe'dia a sat faa agHt aa# at uar afet i 

#fea 3 ufe3t TOat fea aa 3at Maiat tow 
1583 at. fea Hawat fefeafefa ufe3t a fMu3 




ifea dd festwr 



170 



Hcfdd d HcTHtf dfe W? 1583 fe. fed fed 3 WUdt 

up aa 7 aa aftfe i fen sfe sffea affcsfe mb ftes feu 7 

d 3fe d §3 fe dfew | d3 1586-87 fed fed fed 

fed 3ua w fewi 

W6<i <£'« FTW fed feH 3 dd'd'cil d d 'd 3 
tsr§3 fe fefe dr utf fefdW dfew dU3t W? 
UdddPSt dfew dr WaddS 7 fed 7 >H3fead >H3 
dtffe Wfefe 7 33 d 7 UdfdW I 

dddS, 1904 fed feHd fed? fefew fe-ffe d 
fed fedrR dddfe dddl ‘Efeafe fed 333 U'feSU 
id'dd 1 fe fed! I fed 3 1594 fe. fed ‘dld3d dfedaH’ 
MB 1595 Et fed 'd 7 3333 dfetfdTfefeS' fed- 

%ddd’ Tddl fedfe fsfewi 

30 dddd, 1605 fed fed dnafe BBmB d dd 
H 1 fclW fdM I 

d. UWtd. fe. H 7 . 3 : 917 ; >5fer. fet. 8 : 538 

^fWH tTfeT r^Hi'Wf : Wffear d fed fedd 

d^fe'dl HoT33fe d'lHcfldfe'c 1 ) d 7 H6d 13 WPS, 
1873 3 >Hd3fer fed onddcTddTOT fed dfew I fed d 7 
fed 7 fed fedd 

HdoPdt ?afts dll 
fed 3 1895 fe. 

fedst dpffeafdfe 

3 ap<53 fe fedldt 
d'HS fefe fe3 
^aP33 oT33t Hf 
cTd Ifedl I d H'S 
Hdld fed ddld 
dSTddddddT W 
few I 

dd 1899 

fed fed ufefe 
?difefef ddfd 
W3 tslsfed Sfe 
dfew few W3 
1910 fe. fed 
Wfdtd 7 d dfed W3 dfeddfedd Sfe dfew few I 

Clfed fed of'rtddH fed fed d'HEdUfe drtTd HS'dof'd 
fed 7 I fed 1918-21 d dddd fed fEETEd fed Wifed 7 
dd3dfedd3 dt" fed 7 1 

WMB fed fed fed WUdt ffvflt doTSd fed 33 
few W? Wfdfe 7 dt" dufed ddd fed fed 3 Ed3 dfe 
Hddd Sd I fed 1 952 d 7 Hddd 7 fed d dWdddt |dd 
d dfe dWd 7 WU3 dfedfeTOT Wpfdfea 7 dt 3 7 d T fed 
ddd. o(d6 fedd SfdW W3 fed UJU3 fefe I 

24 fedd, 1955 fed d'dSHES fedfEdfeWdtf 

dfet" I 

d. y.->5fe. fe. H 7 . 3 : 917 ; >>fe. Wf. 8 : 538 



feffeK, HGddrt : fed >Hddfer d 7 fed yfe 
fwdddd fe fedd 7 1861 d 1965 fe. dd »f>fefei 
d ufe^"-dTr dddl fed d fefe dd 7 d 7 TO fed 7 1 fe 
d 7 d?ld 3 dd, 1808 fe. §" d. d. M d feafe" dTT t 

dfeddd d'Odt fed dfew I fed 1820 fed fed ; 

Wfefed dt fdWdfe WPdHt fed fsidldl UdTS" cffe 
dffe fed fed Sddtdd dddt d few I dd 1835 ffe 
fed fe WTdfe 7 d fe Wdd 7 fUdr-UEdt Hdldfet E 
fed 7 wwfewi 

fed 1845 fed fed wfefe 7 dt srferad fe 
dfdW felW I Hoo-ffe 6'S fed dfe fed fe oTfefdd fe 5 
Wddt dfe gfe fdfet MB feHT fed fed 7 fewife 
S‘S fed ftc( 1 fed Hi? 7 Oddd fdWd 7 d felW | Sdd 

fed fed dfet tTddt drSd fed sPUd wfew dffe fe 
fe dffed drdffeW dfet dfedt d 7 dWfel Hd 7 fdt 
felW I 

dddddfet Ifeffes fe fed fe 1853 Et. fed CTO 
defer? Ed 7 fdd 7 I fed dfdd fe ddTSd" Hdfd fed fe d 
fe ddfewi dSddt fed 7 dt HdfdW ¥B" MdT fdW 
fdd 7 dtfe" fed HO'd'dld fe feS dfet ddd Sdt fe 
dfedfe dddfe" Ud dfet dfet fed UU ! S <V W 8ddl fel 
■^Ud dS" felW I fed fe .dlrt'fe dfet Hd 7 feW^" dfet 
WJferfeW Wt d fdfe fet" dfet Sdt cfet o?d 
dfe I 

dd 1857 fed fed d dfefed d WH dt few 
fcfdd d dfet MB fed dfed d 7 Hdd dd few ffew | f? 
dfefet Wfefe 7 d fed fed fedd ddd dt" I fed fe dfe 

dt fe Sfe" dfew d'HddUfet feadfefe" fedd dfe 

Wfefe 7 §" ddfed dt Stfet WJdfedF fed d 7 ?fet 
dfet HTd 7 fedHST 7 I fdfdfdUt d MB tfe d 12 fd 
Hdfe fe? d dfed fed ad 7 dr?d ddr?! fdd 7 did d 
fdfdW fed Edd 7 ddfet fefd Sdt dd fdd 7 ! fed ft 
fed fed waetw ddls 1 3" dTOd dS 7 fdTW Ud TTS 
fe fed §" Hfedjddt fed UEt HUft 5T?fedd7r ^ Wd 
d 1 H £ d U dl dd" few I ddEdUdt d 7 iHdd 7 Hsi 1 S<± 
dd 3 ufes 7 fed fe ^'faaiw §■ fear dfet-orffe 
dfew fe fe dfet HW fe dfew id 7 dfe Ud fS6T*' 
fed dfe ddd 3 feTTOTd dd fed 7 Wt dU-dfe3 
'd'dSHdO WP> ridil dfe fed fd3 I 

fed 3 7 d dfed dfew fe fear fe fewat od 
ufe 1 900,000 d afeta fed fe fer fewa d 3 
WWidfet d dTOfe fed add idSfe-idsfe HW 5 
aid i daft afe fe waffed afawfe tes se fed 7 fe 
ua fed d a^dd fe fed §" wafear fed fe afet Hdfe 
3 aajdd 7 3a?d few i fed ?as fed fe arafe wsr 
ufe I fed d fed dS3S St 3 fed fe wfew 3 ft 
fe Gfefe wrfear few .tfe darnfe dfewa da fe 

lo dfe, 1865 3 fed 3 fejffeffea TTdfear afe : 

^d'^ad fed td feW few ffer arafe feafe fe 
arfe uaro a arfe i nfe, 1867 fed fed 3 dvrara 





171 



tfey.feztwfrfzy 



fcr ora - tyro fepy i w? feziro of hw y few tr 

TOBt fey WS 1 " yfTOZF few 1 25 5TO ; 1868 £ fey 
fezz yzy oftro 1 - H^eM r frozrro £ wry Ifevi 

6 TOfeZ, 1889 zt. fey ft# ZPdttlcSd fez fey 
yt yt Z^STO fey yt HTO S' Zfet I 

Z. U.->>tTO.fe.H lr . 3 : 916 J 'JTS'. WT. 8 ; 535 

tfeTT, ?THF >nwr : fey z pfedMS to 

BW>Ht cSlJfe'A Ht fed ;? 1 yZT^'fedttoi TOfoz TO 
HZ UHU5T W ofet fet Ht I fell TO TOTH 14 WOT, 
1814 £ 5P§zt oFZcT fey HTO fez ZfeW fej TO 
WTOWWt W ZHTO dyfod feTO 1 " TO feM Ft I 
r<fft dl of'rttH, SZ fatS fed HVT fey £ H'd HTO 1 " 
W HTOtW £ fecfe 1 " ZW feoT yfet tM TOftjZ TO 

zrezy zrfey sftro 1 " 1 jfo 1842 fey fey £ trotw §■ 
groro toto faro £ ‘tohto’ to £5 yurow zyw to? 
oftroi fey hziz fey zyw zr'-fedAv y tohw tozot 
TO dH'rt 1 zro fePH 1 "! fen £ yy-fwz yzzt gyro yfe 
3ft? fez fayy gyro zfyz zzi 16 yrogz ; 1845 to 
sjyfw* fey for yt hto £ zfet 1 

Z. U. - >5te\ fe. TO. 3 : 404 

ferffen, trot : HW? TOFT WZtoT 1 " fet fey ZTO- 
fyTOZ > 8 fec 5 ddl TO TTTOH HTOdfTdH TOtT fey TOW 

fey 5 wro, 1908 £ yfezn fey to wto to zz 
feferogy sfey ft 1 fer tow to Hrozzft wro - fe 
yfddd-Ptldde ffet ufftr ft I. v 

yfey £ fefrow fey wh yzzt zffazrro oftro 
ZfTO 1926 fey sfe HZ ZTO 1 " fey HZtT TO ZTfy TOZTf I 

yro 1931 fey fero ferotw Hitt to ft fet fez sfz zto 

srzfet zzti hto 1934 fey ‘zffe fufH?r glty’ fey 

ffrotro fet z t tozto t frorofero to fer fezr zfyz zfferorozt 
•» — 

H?t TOTO ffeft I HTO 1935 fe? fey £ ‘TOTOTOT’ ( 1935 ) 
fey eyrofefef yferoz ferofro §yfe mrorot yfew 
utoto oftro 1 ' feproi 1938 fey fey fey £ 'tyz 
yfcTZy’ UZHoPy tyffWI fey £ ytroz (Jezebel) 
( 1938 ), ‘TOW fwzzt ( 1939 ) >HTO 'ufettz TOZt?TO 

yffe feferoty w wr’ (1939) yrfy feror fey 
yfet TOffey ffeor ferofet 1 fez 1940 fey fey 
ufottl fenydl ft fed rot wrofet yt yroro yfet zfet 1 

'yf tzy' (1940); ‘yt ztzz rofet’ (1941); ‘yt 
feyy w^fyy , (1941); ‘yt yfero feyyTtro’, (1945); 
‘Hfro wfe yfe J (i960) >hto ‘yt yzffez §^77’ 
(1985) yfey fey yt»t w 3y wyyy ferot hto 
fridrotbt ’Moryit yt utoto htoz fyyro yyfefat 
zfefet 1 

tzt ifey £ yrofrotyr ftytro fey ?t yy oftro 
fafe ‘fro>fey totto z tyt fet?' (1962); ‘tro feyTy' 
(1964); fey, uy ffetz TOyyy J (1964); ‘yt fet’ 



(1965) >hto ‘yt wffezyyt’ (1967), ferot tzt iffey 
yt»t sro^ytHt ferot y?7i fey to fero fey £ 
fetfew to wyfet yyy ‘wt ww’ uotto oftro 1 " 1 

sfey fe yy fwpy ordrofe 1 wiy wdyt urot 
M Htfero §■ yt fey to i960 fey totost y fyro T i fez 
1962 fey fey to wfet y#-yfe?t ‘yt fezzt yfetro’ 

Ucftyy cftrot 1 

U\y.-fete. fe. H 1- . 3 : 402 ; Wf. 8 : 507 

, fdrddoS d'dfsSdl : TOTO TOTT wfetTO 

y fey is'-dwcpd, cTOfetopy >hto utozopz to totoh is 
»f£rro, 1864 to UTTferowfer tott fey feroirofefef 1 ' 
fw ufe>>ri ttttw ujuro craro hz# fey syfer 
fecrzs" to uroy uw rofew i fez ofet oz Hvpyy utoto 
M et yy ctzto fuzro fey ‘o i duz J yuroyro to feryzr 
yfroyi fey yy yzroz fey to yyy y zfet fyffeit to 
yzr oftro 1- >hto tow fey fey to ifeit wztzp-, yzu 
w ytfet wztzr yfet wuro feroy ofet yyTOcr y 
zu fey wfero zrzyy i 

fefey to yzft totoItozpz w ziroyopy yt yfew 
fey huto toh ttroro i zfet yzt yyy uy y rorot w 
fey fro ztrofet y w ¥t zt uz fey mfef fey* to 
uto yfez 1- fyro fzy r i 

trozzrfet to tz sfey to i tow, 11 yroyt 

HZTly, 25 TOW W 13 H.ddcS'H fet I HTO 1890 fey 
npyy yo , yt-yz]fe>K 1 ' ‘zrtuiy w wz yddld' 
(1891) W ‘w fezz W. WZTO’ (1892) oW fez 

srot yt hzto ijtf-m y fepro i 

fey y towt fey ‘yronz w ztotoz’; ‘yt 
feZTTO W 1 ?’ (1898); ‘yt gy fyfTOHZZ’ (1903) W 
‘tzr yt ftstw’ (1908) >roty tohto ztoi ‘d*H*d 
£££’ (1904) w ‘yt fwzzz J (1904) feyy gyro yt 
FWTZWHTOI 

11 WTO, 1916 TO trofrozor ZTO fey TOffe 

few fez fey yt hto y zfet i 

y.y.-^y. fe. K 1- . 3 : 403; fez. fer. 8 : 513; ZW. fez. 
6 : 107 

#ffey, ffeTrtw vrfey- : fey wztor TO fezr 
uftty fzrrotro 1 ', f-fetzprorot ptto yyK-fefzprorot 
yfew y i fey to f-zroro fefzproro yt fer oftrot i fey 
to totoh 12 zzizt, 1850 fey ferotTOyfer fw 
yfewi 

yro 1870 fey fey to oPdsy fez ziddAdlcS 1 
Hdd'^dfeM zr'zddfeddt fey yyy fefzrwt y roz to 
yy w oftro"! yro 1876 fey fey to toz^zto ycsfedfyzl 
feyg^'Oz 1 yz oftro 1 " i zruro rffero y zfroro iototo 1- 
fey fez zryztor ytzr w fez gTffezfyztzf 1 " tzto 
H zzrofzy r i 




H3 1870 fe3 Iffen 3t fEfremft hhh- 

fefEW^ 3 t^fe 3 >Kftp>f?7 set fwE 1 " 3 

3TEt >H3 fen 5 fEH HHlff 1889 Hi - , f%3 ‘w fdSdW 

>33 twtff >H T 3 QcSfHtt^cSl^r' 7^4 ^t fePH SlFrEt 

fan §■ fHTsT wh^ 14043 3Et fsr ud'dttt tffe e 

>Hftp>45 3 1 " ‘ dfettt> H5 fHHEH’ fHHEH 

143773 3 f^H 1 " I 
*. 

3feH 3t s?fdc< gdlM 3 >H33 H3 3 Ssff 33" 
333-333 3 1 " HoTFTU 3 1 fEH f?3 fEH 3 EflTPf 3 f§ 
tlTHSt §t HHE 1 " U3 T 377t 333 fcr gdF-'HTjt', 3Ht, 
rtdl'd'd >>43 dddln^'d 333", fo( fdof 3 3f fHE 1 3 1 
fEH 3 1 " f§3 HcTTTU" >33 3 fETET fefeWTlhr 3 
U3 T 37§ 33>3 3 >3ftP33 3 >3333 3 1 tfSH W feHSOT 
3f3H33 T Ud , dW>H3f-f%f3P>r3fef333f^1W 
HH33 1 " HHcT77 3 1 

H<*> 1912 f%3 <5o(dl SsJ <i §1433 fEH 3 333 
HH+ fetfE" >33 3331" 33 fe3 TTrfEM 1 " t lf31 T -f33l>3 i " 
>33 HEF-EtU 1 " 333 ElfUEt 33 oft3f >33 1928 Et . fe3 
‘§377 3t3 1433773’ 73 §t H33SU35 UH3oT Soft I H3 
1894 fe3 fEH 3 ‘>3WtKE3t Hdd'SdV 73 §t fS3 33 
3H3cT Uo3fH3 oTES^Et I fE3 3St 33 T f3 > >3 33 cHETTH 
3 HEHH f?3 H77 UH33 33t I fEH ElW fotTH*" 500 3 
§33 H3I fe?3 fe3 ‘fete 3t§3T T 3t’-1889; 
‘tflGdl'.dfett >3H3’ 1909 >33 ‘’H'fdfeA »T3 

f3EtHE3?T tS3?73’-1930 333 IffHE 3Et»F I 

5 .Sd^dl , 1934 5 oTfet377t>3 i " f%3 UH'dlA felt 
fE3 3f H3 3 did! I 

3. U— >fe". fe. W. 3 : 918; >>te\ Wt. 8 : 539 

tfW: 3331" >3K3tc3 fS3 37313 3H 3 fedlcfl 
133 3t d'HU'At >33 33 W 3H 1 " WsT HftjE 3 f333 T 
3E3 3 3333 i " 3 yss 1 sPET 333 fetf sTfed" tdfddF 3 
33 §3 SlEPX 1 " 3 1 fe3 SITEE >33 373331" §33 St 31 
fet Ht? 31" uf§3T, 333 31" OJHfHET, H3 T 3 333 >33 
3H3 1 " 33T3 3 1 " §H 33 T 3I fE3 HfU3 3t HEnJEF 1738 
El". fe3 off3t ETSt Hi" I feH HftJE 3 33 dt 333 33 
Usidldl'rt 73 3t <sfl 333333 31 fdH HPdd f%3 
yHdl<^ 'E HfH33 y 3:1 OF ojfel feVl'dd 1 H^3 377 

Ph*' f?3'H77 3H fdldid 1 g337733r 3 1 

ww4t- 65,635 (1990) • 

8°25' §. f%3. ; 82°27' U. KB. 

TJ. y.->?r3. f3. K 1 ". 3 : 908 

irfejj 1 (UfdfF) : fe3 303333 3 1 " fe3 H33 
Hof^tlFfTt 333 dfcW 31 fE3 3t3 377H3 3 1 " 

U33 Htl feHE 1 " tTTTH 1082 Et. f%3 3fE>>F >33 
1 124 St. f%3 fE3 3T3t §3 33lfoT3 EHT-cTff 
HSTEWS" 3 fEfeETT f%3 TT^TTH 1 " ?W Hfe^F 

THE 1 " 3 1 feH 3 3FU3" >33H3 >33" >3331333 3t 



?7t3t f 3t >3U3 T fE>3 r >33" HSPEHsT f^3 773377 3f3 
IFhW'EI" 3^3 3733 7737 HH T frTdr 3ft CT3fH5r HHH 1 ^" 
^^Hdlf63drt3 T lf^^E33H3t>3^1I3f>ra'EHy l g i 
4\ HQTftrar sftnlw fan 0f3§ fe3 fe3 >3 1 33H? lr 3t 
fcpy'Hdtd'O Htl 

feH >33X3 3^77 W H3W fuW 3F33" 33^ElE 
37731" Uf33" 3 tidy 'd f%3 fEElRV 33^3" 3t3>" I H77 
1113 f%3 7)3yydl>3 r 3>33H"3tHEt?7 T ffH T 3tc(d l 0<i 
3 H>>33 feH §" dlddlsJA cT§3l" 3 1 " >333 HW fEH 1 " 

>33" 7^K 3t fEH §" H33 H'dl tlHt77 ?t f33t 
3!Et I H77 1124 f%3 3FU3" 33 1 " >3E3lfTV J c 3t H3 

H3I3 fe3 Hof'EH^ 3 1 " E’EJH'O HfePF I 

#1W 3 3T33t d'diHl H'fdttsO 3 1 " W 3f3»F 
31E3P" 3773t lff33 3t 3T3t 31" HTTHM 3 PumThW fg3 
y'tfH'd Hdl.dtd 3 fedU rtd'dl 33t fo(0Tc( 3773tuf33 
3t H3 H3T3 H c] <5 rt 3T3t Q”d 35" fdl , 3 T Ht I fEH 5 fed 
§>ft3 Ht fe" fen tt^'dl Hdld 773HE353" fen 5 
1333 3 33^33 1 H77 1138. f%3 fEH fT^fet t%3 fEH §" 
Hdsids; fey" 33" 3Et I fEH 3 fEH 5 Hdl.d A 7737 HH^ 
of3 fePF U3 §H 5 773HH353" >335 37731" 3 HU33 53" 
f33n fEH 3 1141 st. f%3 Uf35 5 H3 §33 

7737 K-FBl S3 f33t 343 1149 Et. fS3 w\ZK^' 3 
HE 5 3I3t §3" fyA 1 ftfe 1 frHH 5 5 ) fed §" rt'dyydrt a 
3f§3"l 

HcCdttoi fed 773H5 >33 ^rtfeTET 3g" dt nfdd 
fEH 5 SHfe" 343 H3fw W 54Et f§3" H3S T E I fe^" 
fsrfe^F 3 3>3 T 3" Hf33 St SH’E 31E I Hb4' dAd 3 1 " UftjW 1 " 
HHft fHcT 4\ #fed" Uf35 5 TT3t cft3n fedlA'd fe3 
33>H 3 34 1 " § SH 3E ofet 33T 33T H'AE'A Hd'dA'd 
fe3 3 1 " § SH 3IE I ^fed uftTW 5 fec^' .iod feint sCH'dl 
UESTTt^ §" §77 3 3Tft §3*" H35 HHItT 1 " I 

fEH3 U33 3?73t 3t H3 3 FPE" §U33 fSH3>3n43 
U33 VFKdrH §" §'33 T f33T r 3f f?7C43 cftH 1 " I 

24 HEt, 1153 Et. fe3 fEH 3f 3H353 fe3 
"cFdtt'EtW f%3 H3 3 3IEt I 

ir.y.“>>l3. f3. K 1 ". 3 : 908; WT. 34VT. 8 : 527 

(WW, PbHd'ylff) : S3, 3>§3 

(H T 3H T 3) 

: fed 333 3 d 1 fe tt 6 1 §3 3TT 3 
33<il 34do0d fert fS3 ofsi 'rtd Hfdd 3 f377 fdrtnldd 

o — 

33 3331334 31334 1 " 3 H3>3 3 5# 3W dfEPl 1 " feoT 
fEf33W fSTK? 3 I SK3§1 343 ETFHIhT 3S 1 3f fEH 3 
3f33 33 35 P43 P43T33F Et^ 3*" fEH 3 
5T3t fd3' feHdi'd'" St H5 1 fEH 33]F $ d.dl A'UEH 
W EStUEH 5TI33 H5 I fE3 W UETE 1 " feTE f3^" SWt 
fETTt^ 3Et 5 H3S T fE>>4 T Htl >>434 fef>>435" fE3t cftH 1 " 
THE 1 " 3fe'fEH3 T fE3?7 i "§HS53 Hdid'dtl f§5 3 
3TS3773 fEfftd" §5 fedd v tfeH Ht, 5 »4n43 3H 3 




173 



dfel HH 



HZFU HH tffeu fe U 7 H fef fufe 7 ! fea 1677 ffeu 
u fararf £ fife few I ffer FUR uf feu fUR 7 fef 
Harfoaf 7 fe 5fW UR W felW I fea 1690 ffeu ffefe £ 
feu foiR' aidldiH 1 UlfeU (fed 1 I ffel fef UU ffer HH feoT 
fefefuufefHUUrRfeHffed oftHfaifeifferfefefeUH 1 

fafe ufar hu u 7 ur 7 few, feut w fen fe! uu fm 
RUf dial I 

HU 1725 ffeu fen fe! fefHfefet HtHHd cffut afe! 
arfe ffer a 7 ayu nunayau au few 1 fea 1746 feu 
uafeMar 7 u Huaui feu arau 7 aru fowl feu hu 
fefeu feu £ afeufo U afU ^ 7 HUU-HoPK yd'fyw 
affe UUU U 7 aur-uau feu uf Utt'Qoi 1 HU offo 7 I feu 
uf HUT §77 £ fife fe UHR U 7 HcTW uf fefe ut 
offer I HU 1747 feu ofufefe £ Uf tfe! arfHHU feH 
feu feU yUH ufew afe 1756 Hi. feufeHUfWU 7 
di<ddAd HU ffeu 7 fowl HU 1758 feuuafefefeF^ 
uut affeu fen fe?U feu oTHH 7 affe 7 afe ffofe! H 3 - 
iu sffet i fea 1760 feu ufa! yu fe ufetufe ur ?uu 
oTUU Q<y £ feu few gfe [fed 1 | HU 1782 feu 
ddUlHlaf 7 U UW feU feU W fe feufeut affe! afe 
HdfuW U ua # HH§H offer fe 1783 fe. feu H'AdR 
Humau U 7 UU fe HcTHR 7 offer I fea 1785 feu feu 
feur fea ufaTufe £ uujh era - fun 7 faiwi 

fen feu fe yarfo HaaiuHr aufe aufe afe ffefe 
auff feu uf uu uf apuwfe ayu yufuaru fe i fefe 
arafe ffer ffeR 7 ayu Huuuyau HHffea 7 Hfe 7 fe i guar 7 
u 1 uauur u amatufr yfel w - ufew hu luuufaf 7 
ufeuiuufr feu feufeu HU faefe ^ gig^)- 
few rTfer iff I 

11 ° 45 ' fe. feu. ; 79 ° 49 ' y. UH. 

a. y.-ffer. 3 t. fife. 12 : 101 

y^lHA', otrAACA H#% : fen wfefeu 
yufaior tfeu-fefuwuf ur huh 22 arayaa, 1881 
£ feufcufe feu aufuaiau feu afew 1 fen £ 1937 
ur ufeoT-fefarwu u 7 Sau yanoru feaiuu u uf . uf . 
(Haiu hu uw) awru ?ru feufeyfeu % fe^guu uf 
UH cTUU Hfer offer| fuHHU Wlfeafeat fe UMdU 

uau Hafe feu u wuur fepjfur ufeu fufarau hIuu 
feu uu autiu yydiH'ww feu fad 1 few 1 feu w 
feeu uu uu >hu wamfefe ufeu nfe u uuir 
wfeu! OuHduu u uu! uaar feu >hu feufeafe 
HfeftH^araHflfeU^yfufeWHUHHUtuul" 

aa 7 ^^ u fufeu fe feufeaw ur hu 1 ^ uaiur yur g-, 

sau waud h!i feu uarur hu^ feu few nfe naar 

ufe JTgU Htl uur ^ HHdIHf ^fe feufeufer ^■ 

ud'-^dd* u urfewa uaua feu u feu wyt afe #uf 
feu u feu u uh u afew feu uayryw uf wuaut 
dddla ywar feSfe< r u Haar u feuanu u ueu 
ufewi 



1 aauaf, 1958 £ tuufeu H'dfu^fe^u 
feu feu uf hh u afef 1 (fenuu uet uu feufeyfe 

fe^UdU) 1 



a. y -mu. fe. 7 : 107 ; mu. fe. Hr. 3 : 404 



HU 0<odl : feu wnau anrfeu- 

fefaPHruf U 7 HUH oeded^ '« feu UUHUH feu 17 
UHHU, 1778 £ afew I feH £ VffefUd’U HdUf RU 
aferu offer afe nufaiH h iferHtafH nfe ur irar 
fufew i fen u anufef fefuw uuhuh afe aau feu 
arHRoffef I HU 1795 feu afufe fe^r fe >fe fe Hafe 
gruauf fe ferfuw ihuh srau Rfe feu h. fe aaun 
fiddd 1 HaUU afH" UHrfe (Hdld Uoffe a<t ffew) fe utr 
fe-T o(d 6 ttdl few I feH U orfenr fRUH, tuna 
yU'Qu, uufe Hfew UHU, feoTU uuu afe 

ufeu feuu orau u - ayn fer fei Hrfen ur affeafu 
fenu 1797 fe. feu gy offer i fea feu tfen faffe 
(Hdia faiRaau) u 7 fern aar ffew afe Oh u fen £ 
anfef Rrfeaal fe ^afe ofau fe uhuh offef afe fen 
£ yrauurR feu ur feu offea ufeu r £ faiw feu 
#fef u hh fe yfeuf fea yau na fe Harfun aHrfefecr 
yuaTHw feuf i feu y ufe tfe HFraw uuf fe fea fef 
fen u feu hu ‘hhj- Ucuh afe feufet ur nau’ afe fe. 
wr. R'^'fey u faufe'' nauf ufe fefeafr afe 
feufRar uf feuu yaiu offfe i arufef feuf fnuf fuuf 
y^MdiH'R 1 ffeu *'h]<h apourufu can 'feu .^fef afe) 
ffeara uffef afe hw fe feu fnu feu 7 fer feu afn Ham - 
utr uhu uf ferfaw ny u feuf u afe feu fofew feu 
fH uf fwaf ufer uf u i faiRaau uf fHauH fe 1798 
fe. ffeu for £ ufeauu ffeu uuth aufeu yara 7 
Hurfen- HfefefR fufufecT fHHUllufHU ffeu tfeoTR 
Huafeu fugoTH offer fePH 7 H 7 ffe ffej Ofe feu ffeu 
am 7 uf fuffenw Hauf hh¥ ^afe afe hh 7 r 7 hu i ffer 
fe « 'feu hu u affeurfeu 7 mfe affau 7 fe uua uf 
afifetw fe auu 7 u 7 uu 7 ^rfewi ffer fe arufe- 



ffeffearfef afe uferfucr fHHa 7 ffeu wh. fe. 
tufau, a 1 aau uuf afe uf. wh. afe fet huir hu, fe 
urfeyn affenrfeu feiau fe yurfe afe uhr Rfe yau 7 
funf i ffer fe Rdiddi aruu 7 hw fefuu urua fen hwu" 
ffeu R 3 F fun 7 1 ffer fen u 7 fea^r ffer fef uhhot 



'fferafuu, tvffoTR afe feR'H'feldR’ (1800) ffeu 
sferw, ffeu cur ffer fef yuan ua fef ?uf i fea isoi 



^thh 



ffeu RUU ffefe arfeR, 
ffew far feu arfu anuau, na hhu tarn arfe &uaf 
fefeuffeH feRfuar hr 7 fefe ffer ur cffufar yfe fe 
uarfeu ffeu ffer fef HarfuH 7 arauar i fea 1802 ffeu 



ffer ysna fugarn u ffewi ffer u 7 ffefer fen uhu 7 
UH'Oa y fe arfyaru uaur iff 1 ffer u uu 7 R'faw ffe 
arn aRH fe.HH 7 utr fea 7 uaa u^'^hrI atfe hhh 7 
ttfe 7 u 1 ffer au ffer yaru 7 feuf uhhct ayn fea hu 




tfa3, H3fefa ■d'tfddd' 



174 



3XOT 7 OTHfeOT fafatf 7 Kfa HTfefe 3 33 3 73fa fefa 
ddl I feH <7 feOT yHdof ‘MHfafZH MTS’ MdldlcfMtldrt 
OTfwfa (1813) fefa I tfafeOT HT5 i ’, .3H3 7 OTVffeOT 
>43- faOTH ffafeHOT H3 Ufa OT3OT 3 feH OT 1805 f§3 
OTOfeHHOT faffed 7 1 HOT 1807 ft3 fe3 fafeOT ifa'fadl 
3 7 HOT33faOTwfewi 

3faOT^ft3U3 T OTfeM 7 feH’U'dc5Hfe'fe3 
of'dri 3H r fefefOT faffed 7 Sail'd 1 U3 7 3 M3 HMdl Qrtd 
TO ^ IEW f§3oP3 H3 7 3 1 fen OTfa §3 3 
3OTfe fefa fa fyid«yl MUM3OT fMW H3 U3W - 3 
6<y 3 dd 1 ffad MUUidrt c(d<S 3 1 " HU 7 3dl 3 1 fed 33T 
OT77 W M3 ufa-fafa Ufa" fw HfadH M3 
ifefaMH fat fa fad 733 3OTI feH OT 3377, 
d 1 did HOT dfoQd'dlo! M3 d'dlddA faHgfefe fa 33 
fafal fen 3 OTfedtOT H 7 dfa dOTKfdOT MfH3 773 H3f 
HOT ffapfeWI for OT cfedTcS 3 33T OT3OT fa 
f%M T ftfM T fafa M3 fell 3 3 MfaHfetfa fa 33 fafa I 

HOT 1810 M3 1811 fe3 ddfeOT fat feH OT 
Bcf33 OT3OT 1275 ufefe fan M3 fefcfa 53OT3 3 
dfeldfe. fa. fa MTlffa ffaJlfe 1T33 fafa I feH OT 
‘MfadfeH M*3 OTHfeOT (ttt'Hfa 3 ufeOT 7 337 fa 
gfaw, f3H f§3 §Wd'd3 fen faM 7 MHlOTfaT' 33 t 
3 fa fa?OT3 fa 1 .33fa M3 fe3<fe ffal feOT Set M3 feOT 
OT" 3 3H3t H 7 HfUM 7 OT PHOT Tfef U73TH75 7 M3 feOT 
feOT HHH 1 fa fed fHH OT feOT 3333 (fi-IH §” Hdld 
M' fe§fa ?7 fed 7 few) fa 33 fafa M3 §fa fa feH 3 
did: M3 HH773 7 OTfeflOT ^'66 33 d'd faHM 7 I fed OT 
U3 r 3 HH f%3 ?33 fe3 fUHldfe 7 3 SHffed 7 3 
ffaUOTHOT o(do( fnU OT3 fed ' ft did 1 OTHJHOT 3 1 " fed §U 
31 

fet ?niH MfeOT H3I3 fen OT faH'fedl 33 
Uli'ld31 MctdldfeH fe?7 33 HfetOTfe M3 §fa 0363 
ffaj 7 33 3fe3 3IH M3 3^ 3 ffarlfe H3 7 3, 3 
MfoMOToft3l feH77 r OTOT33l'OT3 3M , feH3d 313)3 
M3 H313 33 §3“ 33 OT3OT (TOT 3feOT HH'fedl OT 
3H133 H3OT M3 Q 3dT 37T 3 3763 OT feH tf H3 
?3 fed" 3OT3 #3 oft3l feH UOT3 §" H3I3 33 H3OT 
H3f33 cfBOT OTFl" tfeM 1 " fUTM 1- 1 feH 3 H313 feH OT 
HlfeHt - dd'd 33 3fe 3 33 3 H3OT ?fet OT3 M3- 
f3H3 3 m 1- HOTH 1- 133M t M3 fe3 §33 93^3 

fefl3 M3 fetTOT dH'fefed fefeMT^ 3 1 " MftlMOT 
oftHM 

fe33 3 dH 7 ? 3feOT oT3OT 1827 3. 1fe3 feH OT 
ferfeOT HH'fe3 > 3 Uq'OT'dt 3 MH3fer 3 ^3 M3 
733 3?3 fePTfl feH 3 W #fefe f3T3H33 §" UOTOT 
Hi'feM 7 ' felM 1 " I W7 1828 f§3 feH OT feOT UH3OT 
‘Salmonia’ fedt ftTH fed feH OT HSlM 7 33OT Hfe 
3HM 7 ! HOT 1829 f%3 fe3 3H fe3 3feOT OT3FI fet 
3fef33 feH OT 7 W H T feM r 33 3 3 feH OT felf^ 7 



33 OT3 3OT 7 M3 MtffeOT 3H 3OT llWOT 7 feH 7 I 3Hfet 
cT3OT ddWfe 3 73 7FOT OT3OT fe3 fe75 T "ff ffel" HOT? 7 
few fat UUOTfaM 7 3 28 m 3, 1829 3 fe3 
H3 7 3 OTfe H few I “Consoltations in Trand, or the 
last days of a Philosopher” (1830) 3H3OT feH 3 H3 
§333 sfat I 

7.U.-^t?r. fe. H 7 . 7 : 108; t. ft. W. 9 : 194 

ST^far, H3 §?i3 : fe^Hfe 3 feH 

MfeHITT^HOT M3 ‘OTfefe’ feOT^ §3 3 7 377H HfafH3 
fa3 §H#H33 fat 6 H333, 1896 f UfeM 7 ! feH OT 
fedittd fa3 OT3OT fat ‘d^feOT SHOTOT Mfa feffaOT 
fa3 fefaW IP33 33 1 feH §333 fe3 §t 3 U^faOT- 
?feT fwi HOT 1898 3 1923 3OT fed 33OT 333, 
OT3OT fa3 MfedlOT?'t!OT M3 1903 3 1907 3. 3OT 
OT3OT HOT OT^'fed W HOTBOT 3 fed 7 ! fe3 1919 3 
1926 3OT fe3 faftfadfedl OT753 Mfa #OT3' fa3 
Hdffa 3 7 33H3 feu 7 I 

3faOT faHOT-73 3377 ffej H^feOT HM3 33H fa3 
H3ft3 3 1 " d'feddOTd 3 1 HOT 1922 fa3 feH OT ^ ?7fefe■ , 
3 §3^ 3 OT HOTHTfaOT OTfa 7 few I feH 3fe§ H3lt3 
33?7fa" fad HH33T77, MTOTHHH 7 Hdfld, 333 Hdfld 
M3 3ll3 HMOT 3OT I 

11 333, 1911 OT HH3HZ fa3 fddld'cS fat feH 
§t H3 3 dldl I 

H.y — ; ^OT. ft. H 7 . 3 : 400 ; ^77. »ft. 8 : 506 ; ^OT. 
ft. 7 : 101 

HOT i fa?) : fe3 feOT M3733 ofat M3 
OT 7 OT773 7 OT Ht faHOT ?7fefe fa fipfa 1333 fa I feH 3 1 
3OTH M3OT, 1569 fa3 faRdfed OT 1 ^ fa3 feHHfa 
fat 3feW I fafaw 133OT OT3OT feH OT 7OT773 H3 OT3 
fafa I HOT 1601 fa3 fed UTrfaHfe OT 7 HH3 HOT few 

HOT 1603 fa3 Hd'd'fa fetfadfet ufefa fa >fa 
fa MH3 fe3 3H3 gfa 13H OT OT few fa faH OT fare 
ufeOT 3 33 3 3lfa 3 HOT OT feH OT M'fedrtt 3 1 
H'Trtfiidd 3377OT (Solicitor general) HOT 7 OT §3 feOT 7 
feH OT TTfefe fa fufa fa fefa I HOT 1606 fa3 ffa 
M'fedSV OT 7 MOTTTfa 3OT3OT faOTM 7 ! MOTH33 ffa 
U3HOT3 ife 3 333 OTfa feH OT 33U3 3377 fa3 I H7 
1613 3 1619 3OT fe3 MfadOT'OT fa IFdfaHfe 3 
HUtOT3 fed 7 1 HOT 1621 fe3 fe3 feHTOTOT fa IFHOTtvfi 
OT 7 HH3 HOT few M3 1626 fa. fa3 fe3 OTW fal 
OTHfeH HOT 7 fefa few U3 M33 7 H375OT 3 UfeOT 7 ! 
3HH3, 1626 OT feH fa H3 3 3lfa I 

Hf Hf fa3 tfaOT OT H3 T fa3 T 3 M3 Mdld3d 

oTfa3 7 §3 MUOTt OTOTH MOTHfal ‘MW3 7 ’ (1594 

OT 7 fa Ufet OTfaOT 7 fe3 feH OT OT^H fa UHH 7 cfffa d 
•* •» 

feH fa OTWfOTOT OTftOT 7 Nusce Teipsum (1599) 33 t 




175 



yfeddl m3 - iWM §3 9H?ff ifeM 9 I 93 1622 

fey fen 3 wkt yyt3F dfeyfe' ^iftr 

UoT T fH3cd3 r l 

9.9.-313. faTO 3 : 400 ; 3f?T. 3fyt. 8 : 506 

9W1d, HHW5" : fey TOo T3 TOF Fiydfe 7 y 7 
fey yfyy Onylddl ww yt fay 3 ‘3TO5 d'fdjdl 

(Heat Awakening) y375 9yf35 SIh'SI 33#yt>TO TO 
U9 Uf3>TO.| fey TO 933 3 3593, 1723 3 i3 7 5>93 
d'H fed JV>6 c(H« <odd! Hdd fed dfe>TO | 99>33 
9tt>H33 39T cOdfa fe fWftfnf 11313 533 GU33 

1747 St. fey fey ire^t 9fe>ro i ‘9TO3 d'fdidl’ 9>f 

feH 3 •Sdi-flrtlnf 7 d'd fey uVfed 3 1TOU3 7 333 

yTOfenri fey to y HErfu3 wzj OySfeSfer S 
fedUl IjdHd'd H3 3 d<£ TO 33 3 1 " 3 0 c5| 1 Gd 333 
cT33 331 fe3 3 §?S TO 5ddldl>TO 3333 533 TO 
HW 333333 U3 Uf3>TO >H3 733 St >H3T3TO 3 
95 T St37T33f>TOytHd l fed l 5t ynjy yfat i 

Hc 5 1754 St 33T 3335 fe3 3 WU3 Ud 'd d 1 <J1 
539t?>1>TO 3 ttc( 1 3 939TO St dfet 333 

ffet Uf3>TO I fen 3 T 3 33oT3 St>TO <5tHd ' fey sJ'sld 
9>[>H3 St 333 33 dlSl I 333 feftPTO3 333 333 
fed I W3 3 Hd'Ctts fey sS<sld U333 5H 333 St 
ufetr 3 fePTOI 1759 3 3 3 >TOUSt 33 33 fe3 
fSGddHl 3353 (33 ftjH33 ySfedfedl) TOtfe 7 W 

feTOi fen 3 lyy-fefeyw St>ro Mdiddi 20 ySty?S 

59 doffaS H3 I fe3 3fHd1o(' TO fe3 3 T 33 T 3 9173- 
333 5t Stl 4 ,dd5dl , 1761 £ fef - 939t TOT 3 

fuH33 efey fetf ferret 33 3 331 - 1 

9.U.-313. fe. TO 3 : 401 ; 3f3. 3f?l. 8 : 506 

iNtiJ, ffePfafH U77St : fe9>H3T3TOyyt>H3 
333 TO TO53 3 p 1 #, 1871 £ fedltfsl fed 3399- 
fty fey yfenri fen St 93St yfed 7 fey t TO3 >33 
H'ddfl Ht§yfeH? HHyfet^F St>TO tffadfe fed 
333 14? St I fe3t §93 fed St fen 3 953 53 fed ' 
>H3 5St 373 fey fe3T33 >H3 FflfefeF fed >>fe St 
uf9TO fddd 1 fed 7 I 33 33 fed feK 3 WJ3 dlid'd ffeh 
33-333 H3fe,3^33Tfet>H3 3^33 3T3fefea3^ 

fey ypGTO 7 feyro 3f fey 7- 1 

ifefer yt 3fe3 T yt ufewl- yH33 ‘yt hwh 
fenrofey w ‘>ny3 ufe3tj’ 1905 ffey wfey 9yt i 

^feyfeOdl'.dl >HT3 3 333-333’ (1907) feH yf 
5'ddo( yt 933 Q"d3 dd<5' Ht fiHH yt 3f33 r H'dr) 
937333 TO3 3 feyt 3t I feff y^fe 33303 W 33 fW 
llfedyl' >33 313fe 33*" 3 33 do(»l3 33 ( 

yrupfey dd* 1 ^ 1 oT33 ufey yfe^r 3fe»r 3t 

#^hr 3 933 ut yiaM yt 3^53 fey ypifet feddil 
feyfeti 



iMW, ilyy 

fen yt offed 1 yfer 20 393 ^ ‘piyfed 

3fe33’ fey 600 3 5t WU O (fed '5' 33 1 fey 3H3oT 

1942 yt. fey 3d> fed yy^fet 1 

26 3393, 1940 £ 3RTOT33fe3 fey 333539 

fey fey yt 33 y yfet i 

3.y.-^3. fe; TO 3 : 401; Mil. 8 : 506; y. 
5 : 1466; >>fe. ^3. 6 : 283 

i^ToT, ttrnj ; fey yyrat y fey §3 irfmr 
ftwHdd'cS fyyyt dT^TOJ yyy 1867 yt. 3395 

WTyfeF >93 3313t fedoOd 333 d'dddd yt H9 T 33 r 

yyti 

fey y 7953 17 >39393, 1803 S' 3393^33 

9'dH'dd fey uyryt fey gTT3 fey fesr Ffiffe fevffyy 
y wy 3fe>ro 1 0933 yt feyrat oyw ci33 3313 fey 3 
tT3 fey 999dt 3ofet few 3fet >H3 1833 St. fey 
fey S fey y yy 7 yt yyj 7 3 uyiyt yt ^rfey (feu 1 * 
yro) fey 33 T fey r yro £ Sfenro fepro 1 fey 3 fey 
ynfey 3 faroy 1839 >33 1841 yt. 5 yfero 
fey St feor Sy 7 3 33 3 ddidl yt ufew - ysy-yyytyt 
nfed'dcsldd Hdddd 1 ffet 91939 513 9 cffet TTOfTO 
yfe>roi 

yyy u%>ro fefw >33 59 S 3 991 ft yyft 53 

5933 fey 3 3Flfe- 93 fey crfet 93955 TOUy St 193 

1847 fey yfet yrfey fey S ‘syt ferot iryyt 
?fet §yy Oyiyry yycft yyy 7 feyfy offe 7 uyfeuyyt 
yyfet y T 33 fey yy 7 333 3 1 139339 fey 7 ! nyy, 

1848 fey yyiyt y ^rpy S33t-333 y yyryyifet 
59§y pyyy ggcrS) 3 fey 3 few y yfeofe y 7 333t 
yyfeiroi 

fSiTO 333t 933 3313 fey 3 f y9B’ JTOT’ fe^fy 
5ft3 >33 1 1 >303, 1848 fey fo^ 7 d'6<V S 9'dH'd 
53 3c533t 5t f33 3lSt I >3313 53 33tf3>3 7 3 dd'<5 
fey ddidl St Hdd'd >33 fed ill ufenf 7 yt ^TOiyt 
dt«3'd fed yiyy yfeiro 1 99993t y 95 7 -353 33 y 
793 yt fey 3 5t 3993 >393 3 31Hdl.d' 3 feS 7 1 93 

1849 fey fey 3 399^39 S trft 53fe3 fiT93 fe 
gy 7 3 5f9t3 53 fe>TO ift, 793 5t 33913 cffet U3 

fey y 7 33 tt 7 fef5>ro fey 535 fey 3fnfet tryftyj 
5919 33 T 13139 1 Gd fey 3 399^:1 tH'dfld 53 5 5 [^t 
Oy 7 3ru3t ty S G - fyfe 7 3fef 3for O 93 tf 5 ^ 
333 fey yftry 33F i fey yyiStyy Tryfet ffejGct 
llfeft 3+ feyS fey 93(93 3 ufe 7fet 93 333 I 

‘fej3 wtf’ fiy fbry 7 3i5rty T 145 7 St y fey 
3i3yy fey inffero fero fe feu3 394 ’ £ 3H7^ 
5 T 3t 3533 3y-5 T 37)t 91 3f3 fed 1861 ?• fed" 

fey yt fddd 1 S fefe u'dH'd S ^SSy t3T 5 ^ ^fet 1 

33 9Fyy 935 53 3l'ddd'H33t QHdd' 5 1 7 ddidl 
733 9333 7 533 3 fefe 59t yy 7 39t St^H ?5St 




1867 St. fen aat 5 W 3 U at JTHnjW ofafet tfet 
faaa 7 faaa tma a fan 7 W St WattT 7 nt I fen a 

HHTOcT fe »FUat awt fg^- % §w ‘f>jpcr 

urot’ afem 7 ua imnr fe fen unat a 7 fea 7 ana a 
fecScCd ofFt^-^UWte-H^raiTc! nfefenafea 7 
ffetfenfeta 7 IH r >>IHfen>H T yatH'fetfnna 6 (id <5 fej 

1873 

fet. fen fen fe nnun 7 mataW 7 sOHrt fed' I ^FoT 
w §u fen an a 7 fen naana nt ma an a fna 
ffet sfet na uwt a tnfom 7 nt nwsna aa faa 7 

Ht I 

fenfeaaiata fen'cS' at ansa nnan wot nat 
na-nfaa oftat ma yrunt fantamt fen frf- at 
d'ttd fdddd dd; ' a fecT fem c ( 1 ferf ofldl I fey fe 
fea fati'n' fewdw at infer *J1 nt i fen sraa fen fe 
na na nwrw >na mafnm 7 fe aa fe trfen nat afe 
nti fen fe rnmfe fer nfe few fe an ata 7 §n ana 
an On fe maw ww at ata 7 i 

29 nanal, 1876 fna nafena fan ffefe nan 

. dlHl I 

U'.y.-’JfS. fa. H 7 . 3 : 938 

tHf- : mjHfet fen d'«' fferfaas a 7 fen fen 
nwyat nfen n fens' yafo* a 113 fe. Ht. fem- 
Cfen fen nwa 7 ma wra affenfe a few fea 
nferw 7 ni nanfet a fen yafe nfen a 7 feaa 1213 
nt. fennfewt nn wrffeH 7 !f 1 nn 1603 a 1918 nn 
ffe feffe w 7 ^ am fe ffeffe fe 1 ffer 1945 nt. aa 
wwrwa am nt amcrfet nfew 7 fami nn nn 7 gu 
aam nfen wa fen nfen ffeaama fevmn 7 £ wfet 
mjm uafaw 7 ua afe wanfefea, nfen am, 
fewrtaan (nn fm a 7 faiam) naarffe fainafe nn 
Qy.d wafer nfefef 7 1 nn hu 7 no - a ufam fen aa 
asm ana nn ua wnaw fen awn, nfefet, fferwt 
n 7 nw, dH'fen Mn nn n T H 7 n Mrfe fnw oftn 7 
fen 7 n 1 fen $ fw fen fen HHanro nfen^fetfen 
n nn n fefe^n 7 fen 7 ni fen nfen £ nnn Hfewnn 
7# n nnnt fewnran n feTH-Hnn nn n 7 fen # 
few n 1 

HTfent- 1,03,581 (1983) 

51 ° 50 ' §■. fen.; 12 ° 14 ' u. wn. 

n.y.-^n. fn. h 7 . 4 ; 37 

jJHdl'dfurtd , Jidl^'rtlrt-Vi'dl ; .dd'H fe 
fen >iw n 7 fefe 1769 nt. ffen fen nfen (Mont 
Dauph) nfen fen 9 few 1 wn tn fen nfen nam 
nt fefe nnfefet nfen-Tnnn 7 fen ana utndt unm 
ntnt 1 ‘ajazat’ ( 1788 ) flfen fen fen ufewt n'd nfer 
n^HfetH^n'oCdl n nan fen fenn >feynt fe an 7 
wnt nfeT^- gafet Hfeci ant 1 



nn 1791 fen nafetnt fefenn nit nunt fen ft 
feafenn?w 2 7 wfe ?nw fewn fecr 7 fet fefe 
iwfen am ffeti §n feu?tt fen fen 'fear wfern’ 
‘fetn’ nfe ‘Melanie et Virginie’ 7 nan ann fen an 7 
omcra' ant 1 a ^ 7 fen Hnin fen irarw n afet afe 2: 
arraan, 1797 £ Crfnn fen fewat na" n nfet 1 

r.y.-’jte. ftr. 7 : 297 ; ^n. fe. h 7 . 3 ; 487 

tnfefe, nfert ; nnFrwWtnr (^fen 7 n^ 
amanr) nt fen nrfen 7 n 7 awn 26 nnnnt 1878 ? 
unar fen nfe»r 1 fen a 7 fe w fnnw ?t nt 1 fe 
npnnt annt wan nfe Tmoft nrn 7 eras ana - nfet 
dnl 1 anfon fen 1898 st. fen ^cmwntnr 7 anfefes 
‘Cavalleria Rustieane’ cS : id fen fed^tfe (Santuzza 
n 7 nw w 7 srafe fen £ ?nnoft nfen fen u%n fen 7 
nn 1904 fen fen £ nfen anaim wan fen Hmaa 1 
wan 'few ifefeV fen tw few n 7 nnn w 7 nm 
on nfewt nfet am 7 arfenri fen 1908 fen fen c 
‘^ant’ n nnfta wn fen £h nafenr ana nt fewn 
cDwfe nnw oftat 1 fen fe nmn fenfe > awr 7 nfe 
arfenr uferat nnw aftat 1 

28 nwfet, 1930 £ nferonfetnr fen awfe 
nan (Budweis) n nan # fen at ita n nfet i 

n.y.-fen. fa. 7 ; 309; fen. fe. h 7 . 3 ; 493 

Ibw fe ennft, fefefe 1 * §Ft oret^- 

nnfe a fen annfear a 7 awn 20 want, 1754 i 
ufen fen nfenr 7 1 fen nwawn a fen umfe fen nl 
fen n ?nn aanawn a nfet hw femn Hnin nafe” ffe 
m 7 at nn nfe nn 1 

fnfynr irna nan fen irr fen nanwa ninfe ■ 
unfenn fen 1789 fen fen naa nanw nfw> 
fePH 7 1 fen 1792 a niw fen fen fantatw an fern 
fan tns - ^at fe fen <5 aarnt gfe Tnat nia Hdid fe 
fean awfefe atm 7 aaar 7 fen no-rw an w 
fwi 

nnfe d' ^rfet anw awn a ^ a fet fen fe fe 
nn na fen nfnm 7 fepn 7 1 fen nan fenatnfa fena 
a 7 wfefea nan nt fan 7 1 fen isos fen fen safer 1 
»mant a 7 nan afem 7 1 TTufetmn ufnw a am n 
nfeaa a an fe fen feta 7 1 amfean anna an feuaa fe 
utmantfen 7 ! 

fen fe nrant feajw ufnwt nn isoi fe 
un fetati naiaa annfwr an war a 7 man ara 
naa an fenn wunt ffeaa rnTfenan n fe | ylfe , H i a>i 
(Elements d’ ideologies) , d'd fiTWa 7 fen feat I ft 
smn fen fe 15 nn at aarwa fenna an 18] 
fen wfenw feta 7 1 fen fe featfeor (Condillac) a fen 7 
fe aa naa ffetafam 7 ma fen afe a aa faa 7 fe nfe 




177 



fFFF HFgaT 7 F 7 Ft fecT fed fed fU F W HHg 3 T 
? 7 ^-ip §F fFFFF FH 7 F I feF cfet UHFH 7 F 7 
Had 7 !?) I 

. 9 war, 1836 f ufeH fey fen Ft hf a - afet 1 

F.y.-’flF.fy.H 7 . 3:493; Mft.9:16; 

3TT7) T : feF FyF-ugvft an f itoot-hw 
H da fetf fcSdttF gnat dtUF Ffew dtw Ktf Hd'fed 
FFtw f fetf fear fi feu wife hf F 1,130 feint. 
(700 Hfe) F 7 FFTB 7 F>H dd6 F HWF HHHF fed 
HtyF F HTO F FtlfF Ffow feH TF fertyl FI fen 
ffT feF ida^d 1 *! cftFt tTfet fi trw wt Ftua 
Ffowg 7 F feHoPHW §Fa-UgVft IFF fgHFtW 

FFFfe §■ iTO nan qadt gfetnai HFfet if aut fi 
tw Ftft f w hf gfe hff fen oftyfet bhf f 

HHlfe F tw F77 I feH HFF feH HftjH few Hdtw 
gt ufetw Hfeftw FF 1 

50°33' §\feH.; 30°32' U.FH. 

F.y — >itel fa. IT, : 490; ft), fe. oT. 5 : 262 

sHTUttcSiH : Hyoid 3FT W^Ffe 7 F fe«tcS'fe 
FFT F 7 fed HI F 29 feint. fedF-UgH gF gfaw HH 
bpQfel F 7 fed HftFF FI tmfeFH dfew F HF fed 
WWF FHT o(dd feF feH dfHW F F 7 cVtf tfefeW 
feH 7 F I feH Ft HiW 1830 st. fed cftdt afet Ft F 
HHddH FF frlHH 7 feF 1835 Ft. fed WfeW Ht, F F 7 
F feH F 7 F 7 ‘FF’ Ffew iFFH 7 Fft fi-ldd 1 feH HftFF F 

fHFifHF 3 f §wf fen f 7 f 7 hff h Ithuffh ay- 

few few I HF 1925 feF feH HftFF feF fdgdfeQ. 
fWHHFdFfewfewl 1950 g feF feH F FF % > 
FW Ugfet WT HFF fecT feF fedfet F 7 fed'feHl 
ffej 7 HftFF Ft Hf ffeJH 7 ftfe JTPFHFt HftFF gtafeWI 
Wfe7J fet feTfet Ffef 7 Ffa 7 , dH'fSF, FF^ F UFF 
yyfF HF'fF Ftw H7W3 7 §77F FF I 

W?t - 53,223 (1990) 

42°02' §-, feH.; 87°54' H. FH. 
a.y.->>t?r. fe. H 7 . 3 : 491 ; wr. nfe. 9 : 17 

otHfU’X'Gj ti'drtH (Despiau, Charles) : feH 
gafetHt Hafetara f 7 h?th 4 afena, 1874 §• Hfe-sft- 
VfW felt Ffew i feHF OfeH feF ffffew UnjFaftFtl 
W FF F feF IHFHFF F HF HF'Ofe 1 Ht FF HF HF 
UHF F HF Ft yF'@F' Htl FF UHfe F feH F feaF 
feH Ft fHFF HFfet I feF feH ‘Haft M'Fdl'd’ (1920- 
1928) Fft. fedFt feH F yFUF HFt HftjF ffet HFfet 
Htl 

gW HFH feHFtW HFfetW yFF 7 feF FTfHF 7 
FFUF FfFFF Ft FFH fFtffet fFFt Fft W feF WFH- 
^ HFF 7 hfF WH FF F FaflW yaF 1- HF^F feF Ft 



tnfea, ydifedi 



3Ft TOF 7 Htl feH Ftw Hfet FtW HFFtw feF 
‘Faunesse’ (1924), ‘Eve’ (1925) ^IF ‘Dominique’ 
FFHFHHI W 1938 feF HFfet ‘Assia’ HFFt UHfet 
FFt fecft .<5 1 rt HFfet FFt F I 

30 WT^HF, 1946 J CrfaH feH feH Ft HF F 

afet 1 



H.y.-yH. 6 : 223; ^F. fe. H 1- . 3 : 491 ; >>ta-. fe. 
7 : 307 

eJHHHdfelrt 1 (Desmostylia) : feF gF gfe 

Fife gaat FHF F FH HFUfet UfetW F 7 feH FIFUF I 
feF HF-HFt, FF Oa 7 gfe Hfet FHfeHF 4 Ht. ffe 
FFHF I feF WHldlHl'A >HF Hfe^Hl'F Hf>W feF UfF 
felftw yfefef 7 >HF FFt FFFF 7 feF afFF H?7 1 fecfe 

= <J 

F 7 WFF Hff feH FFtW H77 1 










fwp 

fHHHFfete 7 




(fe) tHHHFfetF 7 (>H) FF (HFF fey) 
(H) FF (Ufe F fey) 



feF 7 F HFF FF HFt Tier 7 (Cusps) gfe, feFHF 

gfe >hf wfAdFoca uf hfi fefe Ftw f hf 7 - 
sTHHHd'fefFosI (Desmostylidae) HfF UFtfeCiaWHfefet 
(Paleoparadoxidae) HF I 



a.y — >)y. life. fa. a. 4 : 79 



tfetfeHTj - (yHoT oTHtfe') : ty, gtafetfeHF 

tHfefe, fyNdi’ (Dessoir, Ludwing) : feH 
>HFH T FF 7 F?7H 15 FHHF, 1810 F UFF fgF UF?FF 
(Poznan) fey 9fewi feF HHHUfefF F F'FH HFF 
HFF HFF ufHH 3feW I Hfe FPF gy-gfe HFH 7 F HH 
HFF HHTF 1839 feF feF HFFHfFt F HHft Hfeaa 
feF HHF afew feH feF 10 HW FH faa 7 1 W 1849 
F 1872 5TO feF HFfFF F Hfet HfeFF ?FF HHHF 

faF 7 yfe fen HfawF hf t h t h gfe wuf 7 uaia^ ff 
FF t H'dl HdHTlt lytHW I HF 1855 fgF feH F KFH 
fgF tT 7 H WHFt Wcf'dl F HWa fFtTF I 



30 FHHF, 1874 F HafeF fey feH Ft HF F 

afeti 

a.y.->>lF. fe. H 7 . 3 : 492 




178 



SfoTRcft?)' (Dextrin or Dextrine) : fej Q<y 
u?w 3f fer ifet 3 feu# f3 <sh'h 9 3 »rat 3??- 

WJUIdcS tF HHol rtH'Hd 3 dldH ofdO <Vtt H<£d <J<S I 
<=Tc( H <{l <V tf) HU 9U3 *>13 cf'.dltH Hdl feUcfi- 

HfeUd'dU 1 >H#H'«1fiJdl E^e§B'3'oft3t tT^l'U' 

(few? bhP #y iw) 

ft;. 7 : 348 

lorfmnr, : bh 3 fen 

Ufeu fewws M3 fefdd'HoP? W 377H 210 Et\ 
fW 0fe>tf7 1 3 ^ 3 ) H3t 3 fefdd'Hol'd' fe3 fell § 9T3t 
unj? 3 1 fen 3 fyfeom 3t»f7 933 

ywdc<f feufur i fecid'a 9373 ^''dH'^fefeo'HjBH 

37 efut- featr hutch w fefeiFTT urfe fen sfrr yfefu 

yH3oT H3 I M3 fe?j7 fcraW fW 999 ^€t # f3379 
H33 TTlfi 3 U9 M3TH 9Ef fefdd'H9 r d' dfaF feWH 1 " 
fe§ fe?§ fed'U 1 3 M397 0?t fe3 W% 33 ! M33 

H r UH T 3'fHW5 T 

3fe t9feUHM3§H37fy3 r M3S 1 3TTd , d*1do( 3? 
3” ot '.dl Qfe M3feM7 3 33 HtS I 

feTT 3t H3 33 fefdd'H »f3H3 f*Hfdd 33 3 
33 U3 1 " ftdT d>dld' U9 HticS 1 M3H '6 333 Wd'W t) fol 
feF dt >fe 270 Et. 3 1 97M3 Ut 3Ef J# I 

3.y.-^t7T. ft. H 1- . 4 : 54 

#cf3, fF : fen HU 1 ?? SH33T BU9 

37 377H 2 HW, 1820 £ MHUE3;?H fey Bfeun 
Hd9'd1 ?7t3tM7 37 M'339 33" oT3?7 9Et HW 97>H3 
f33 3 33 Hdof'd 3f 6cfdl 3 MHdfe 1 3 fed 1 I H?> 
1860 fe3 U d‘ fed MTUcT H%-rfl<^Al*H7 <v<£«> ‘Max 
Havelaar’ fed for 3 <^Bddl H3oT3 3 See 
fesfeldlM 7 gT gjjgf oft3 rT^ 373 fefWI for cV^rt 
37 9Ef sPH'^ fe3 §W ^jfeur 1 37W f?3 fE3 3 
fe>>f3i T 3H5r^?r r 3HH T tra', 3'97flf39M3 373Hf?73 
fefeur §3 yH3cT feytur i H3 1865-77 3377 ? 33 
f3WE7 fe3 U 51 'fed ‘Ideen’ felfet UHfu f933 3 fan 
f%3 fE3 E 7 cS’^rt ‘Woutertje Pieterse’ M3 ‘Vor 
stenschool’ WK& 33 1 H3 1892 fe3 feF 3t feu^ 1 3 
fyndT^r fedd' ^3333 yfs - ^3onr’ §■ 33 fettd' f%3 
gy^'fe'jyi 

19 33^, 1887 3 Trawfl fe3 f8'dl«3'EtH fed - 
(Ingelheim-Mitte) ffed fed dt H3 3r dldl I 

3.y.~ ^3. 4 : 318 ; ^t3. >H>f. 8 : 603; 4*3. f^. 

XT. 7 : 95 

oTdC3 ? T HH : feF yf3133 TTEcfcTE > H3 
^'dddcTd E7 377H 1572 El. 3 7S3T33T 3^3 1^3 
3fe»f7 1 fE3 3 fStft 3^3 ETU foT 1? 33 U37 

TlUf 3 f3 fe3 3 WJ37 33ft ffe3 3J37f3»T »f§- 
ofet ^'d otdd 1 TJid 1 ?j 7 933 of'dA oft! ^t" effe] I ^TiT 
73351973 IT3 377533 3 ^3t Qfed'HCd’ fed fE3 37 yy 



H33 f^7fE>H7| §03 tof3 3 ^ »R(3t UHdoT 
‘Satiromastix’ (1602) f%3 fe3 37 3373 fe>y7| ^y^- 
^83t HWt 3 9E1- 3'361'oi'd’ ffe# 1 f3^, fed»3o, 
?3H33 yi'fe 373 fK3 9" felT 3 9Et 0 > 'Cot fey I 

»nfefeH7 fed'd' ffe3 fE3 3 W30oT fw>H- 
3F3H9' 33T 33 yfe^H'.dl', ydfdHHdt Hd^ldl 37 
M3 fe3 3 HTI-?33f|- Ho T ^ fed 33 offeri ‘dt f 
HoT33 373 ^’ (1600); 3'dfAdT)’ (1600^; 

‘7P33 iTHi’ fe75TT >H73 333’ (1606); fef t3333 
cfeH3’ (1603); ‘3t >>P3H3 f3’ (1604); ( f3§3 337>f 
3fe’ (1606) »fe fE3 ^ ?§3 33 3) tfeET fetT 
fE3 fE3’ (1612) yfrfe fen ^>{7 313-dd3'<^7 »fe 
7? T 39' 33 1 H3 1873 fed HUdd (Shepherd) 3 fdH 3 
TTTEfe 3 d'd ftTH37 fed 873 dfe'dcf TH'fe fEF 3t 
^339 3 1884-1886 tfe73 ife feftfe f%3 HlFfed 
9fe7| 

H3 1632 3 ttdisfdl feH 31” H3 3” dldl I 

3.y.-^t?7. ft. H7. 3 : 439; ^t?7. »ft. 8 : 603; 4)7r. 

4 : 318 ; g. *t?7. 5 r 1480 

dolttl*JHtS : #y, dH9d' flWEtl 
tor §^7 (^n2tfl»F) : feu - 91 h2hW S^eT 37 

333" fefeHd <«ddl 3 I feH fed H (dd, H3E33, vJdfH3 
993 M3 THHrtI 993 ED-rH offe 3IE 33 1 fen 9331 3 
l{fet»r fe3 H33 feyr37 9339 1 f>TH3 33 U3 93 
6?S<i rtdlsldl fecy H'dl'>f7 H'8 33 1 fed Qd feef 
hIHsJ tF OyTUH 33) 3 fedrfl sS'dl 3 33 KH'dld' 
?773 3^ ^ 3 >H3 §?7 J >>ft U7fe>H7 3 3TH3fenr § 
^Sfe) 3 1 9T3t 3 >H3 33 §y->H3T7 fed 1 yfefe fe3 Si 
Hcffertlofe fe3 U93f33 33 33 33 >H3 y3->H3T7 3 1 
^ 933 33 I 3TH33 ^ fe9fe3 >H3 9Et 93737 fet 
<5dl 33 331 

933 HH33t 33 33 9Et (fe^ ^ fefe) >>fe3 

UT^ - 3tf57- 3" ^T-1^7- »f7fe f^g- ^ fW?re'U3r I oTH 
993>H3 33fH3 993 ifewf 3^3 9f 33, fe 

fe33 W ^ HH33 fe3 373 33 1 9Ef 3>ft3 
ife 1- fe3 dfdd 33 > H3 fed fofHH 37 o (9d‘ H'dl §K< 
§3 331437 3 9^E37 31 

fe§ ^ ypoT3 fe3 9f 9Et 9J?t feH3 33; fe 
Ht.(37y T ?^993 r )^3l’Ky T E)31{fe 
feW3 33 1 fe3 l{fet 3 3I3y7 fe3 #3 W H93 33 I fe 

nyf US' sfe nfe 33 Sdl ys sfei 





wat yg g^t** 7 fernr (Syndd, sfov) st 
irfw fysst - w fHfAsfd'ojid gouts gut & fan 
P-tST ysrtH 7 gUld 1 (rostrum) OS 7 O' I Os S 7 fOH 7 ^g 7 

os 7 s s fug us^h 7 ye 7 fr i got- yg foms 7 

(ofo (3) fsgS gOUtS ^Uld" 331” 3 Sy<ft OtH 0 3 >M3T 
g 7 oo 7 ?^^lf^3 7 ysgs 7 3y33 r >H3g T 3l'3 
03 7 US 7 O’ 3 IPS 7 fgS »ffe>H 7 SSt W Iffs (brood 
pouch) S 7 gH o(dt" I 

^v-wr-ciofdly* H3 torygt 20 S3 
^U-PIOT 3 OS 03 I (tjgO 7 fgS ^Tj 7 ^ ftid 1 
tow s) i wr tstw, (i) So^hr s 7 ufow S3 7 , (2) 
BW-§U3lW, fS 7 S3 7 OOSfof 7 , (3) H3l33, (4) 
yfesyoffHtt 1 (HgfHW- 

6) ufOW Hotfuttlutg, (7) StT 7 HgfHrtlutg, (8) dltH 1 




(H) (3) (g) 

^at (Paleomon) S 7 (©) flsflytt ftTS fes HHW Pf^ - 
H?53 gUTO 7 »f# 075U fSH^ 03 ; (»T) ufoW ftodHW' 
(fldfHtttt 1 ); (S’) S3 7 ftgfw (flgfw); (S) Vfowt 
ftgfH3tytsT; (O’) StT 7 ftgfHWtvtg; (of) dltH' 
tofHRhflgl(f330’S\ 2) 

sot ys s# g^ §u->Hor OoKtw ( 1 o- 1 5 ) >H3 g 
S3 ys s ^v-mor, fir?} 7 fgs - yfo3 yrr y'rtlGtrg 

(15-19) (HSt - yg g^tPl 7 fgHH 7 fgS) PPK 30 3 303 
3 gH >Hif3 03 1 fo7 fgS 1-2 30 - fgS 33 §U->HOT 







(3) 





C&) HO?ft SHHOO (Scyllarides aequinoctialis) 
(Pf) H3 Hfoy (Callianidea laevicauda) 

(S’) , >)t3 > >f i l33' (Polycheles crucifer) 

(H) 3333 iSyndd (Panulirus interruptus) 




181 



irFFUFFgt 



fc?-teg \ ' 

, , \JrfS3 &R 

wn i-fwggT teg!T 

feg ^?g teg, 

\ 

Ag^tegfl v^gfas 

^^Rf?a teg 
torfea teg 
c^Anf^s teg 
tta^&gga w'gffls 
z r viitn.3 teg 
cm) - teg 




tfetfertg 



UftWl fe 
C ?fl T Ogtfu*? y 

fe C Gar* <3g1-§u»? 

e&H teg 



fFFF #. 4 . (»r) ^wfes' tor# Ft FFjdwl HWBFrt z? F3?r feF 



(gonopod) HF FF F7F F H T t rr fetd ’nfcoiHd FF F?F FF 
ff Ft ?v3t i sh# ysr ?r#hr ftF>F f#F 
xrferFF ff ftf (faFF §?f # ^3# ftra# feF ot 
§lf->XFT XFJ fez XffeXF F F^TT FFt U^dfFH 
ff f?t) XFwt fv wr trow (2) ff^^f*- f fFmr 

f fn# z, HirfW otto - to 1- 3" i torfexr f#F Frau*# 

6 J1 dd 1 I 

U r 8^~U«r r 75t — XI'd'd <Vttl fed m cVWl Ftfl 

F rHdrfl XididTl (stomodeum), HU (mescnteron) XfF 
fuslttl XfFPF 6' ttl (proctodeum) fed t#t FF! d" I 

xfurat xth fus#t W3 ?Fwt f >mff hf 1- oret- 

u 

dTFfet oefefe<vt FFt #1 HFfFXF fez XfHTHt WH 
?F#t twt fHFF fez Uddfed FFt FFt F I fen" F 1 " 



Xldltt 1 fdJ-T dWrttVd UfeXF d'dl ofedrt dt" F IVfH # 
fXFFT-Foft (gastric mill) 5rfFF FFi U'FW<TcF fF# 
f"Z FHFTF §FF FF FcT I HF-XFFF fez cfFt 
xrn ?nstxr >hf fcwtxr Ffftxr fe^ft^FFitstxF’ 

F7F fed:? 1 fec< FF S’ ^fFFtXF d'dl HZJ-XPd'd cVttl F 
xct# fu# feF y^F 1- F I 

— o 

HXnT-fHHTH-FFJ FfttigfrfXF FFlt fo»F FTF 7- 
F fad# sfet oCZfe feZ, F HKfefe^ FF 
^U-XBF 7Z& WFT US’ d?F ! 3TOgf#XF Z f377 fUF UF 
d?T-U^dlt, frFTF 7 STdTt F HVFSt? F IFF F BdF 
UF 1- F; XFFWd , fFrUF 1- HVPFfe XfF fu-xfdT F 
ftFoFF ffFF UF 1- F XfF OttoT, ftTUF T §U-Xfgr F 
Uftr# U3" TFF FfeXF FF 1- F I 




wggss tmg) ^ 

t 



f#HcT 7>. 5 . ttdHdd (Homarus) Z^ HCT-oFF frTF fed xte T 2Vfl’ fendl # I 




182 



HbTF-fWS 




(§■) HfuU (Spongicola) F 7 SFttfoTtHH aiSd;? 7 , 
(»r) Hfuv (Thaiassina) H 7 utsss 7 , 

(F) StUT (Benthesicymus) F 7 dirtSS' I 



torargn- (fsFU s. 6 (&) 

di«.dF fas’ fewfeffsH for fern f u 

HofF US-^fo^HoftHF, fflH f%F for OF F FbPS 
ofo c< d 1 d 1 f%F FFSH 7 ETH 7 ? 7 rtdilbf 7 UFtbf 7 US ; 

festered for feF Fuutbf 7 HHffo, urn fu f P 

bPH HHJHF Ftbf 7 aid'd' f%F Mdllbf 7 dtTIbf 7 US' ; 
ddddild?, for for F IFfeHUt cfd'd’ feF bfUf EFUfo 

f 7 utfmff ta frfSF 7 u i 

ttU-dl^ ffTHSK — ofd'UTT F fU5S fdH F di>' 
for gF 7 Pi-Id', bd^eD fFS dtf 1 U PtfH feF PdS H 7 
foi-PF 7 FF foPsf 7 F bffHFtbf 7 (ostia) FbPU F UF US 
F for F UHFtbF F fSTOF USI fol f 
feS T ^ T bfHTHtbf 7 bfF fu^Stbf 7 fo-UHFtbf 7 ¥t UFtbf 7 
US I SU for (venous-sinus) for Pgcfe 7 UF 7 U ; for 
dlrt.^Psbf 7 ffof IFF, HF few F FbfS fofT-fTOt- 
foUfoFbrFfoUl 

HS-febTFr ffoUH-TO-fFbPUT F 7 >tu M 3 T 
FUcft-UTHS U I for SH F dJTOtf'd 37 SF UFt U I for 
F fFS fUK UF US— for Hatrt (saccule) Puds' bfS 
tfebf 7 ufFW UF 7 ' F ; FiT 7 sfoUH (labyrinth) fHUF 7 
HUHt FfUT UF 7 U F for FfFT fou TFFPbf 7 F 7 TOF 7 ? 
foUH FF 7 F bfF FtH 7 TOFU (bladder) for for for 
^PUit HHJU Ffot F I Ffo fUH 7 H'U'dS F for ^Pdel 
(f for 7 ) fo US 7 (lobate) UF 7 FI fll^St 
fSHH foF TOFF F F sS'ufodlcftt! fSTO F IT'S UF 
foF Ft FWF US I y dd foj tfor HFPUS FbPU d'dl 
UlJFt F tT 7 fFF ^TF FoTF d'dl FfFM 7 UF 7 F (FFF 
f^F) F U?J F FF F HSfF 7 F I 

?F3t-fHHFK— fFF f?F oTFl' ^UFF' fTOF US I 
#FTO S 7 ^ ^FF tFF HTOtHFFtbtS dl'dlrtl'vFS F 
fUS", UF S'dT F btF 6 UF F dl dlrtl'H 7 (sc^ b-PH FF 
F feR" F ufF Ft") UF US I HFF FoTfe^H 7 feF HF 



FUTO UfFTFtbf 7 fTOF fn 1 dl f%F fSF UTS UTT (m£ 
Ffebf UF 7 F frFT F SFtbf 7 TOJF TO" iTFlbf 7 UF 

HFFt-bfFT— RtFt MFT 7 fFF bftf 7 , HF 
UFFpbf 7 (staocyst), HWS - FF 7 (olfactory filamei 
bfF HUFH FftFp (chaetae) tT 7 SFF FF >>F§F US I b 
FFftbf 7 fFFHF UFpbf 7 US UF HHFF 7 , HFFT 7 F 7 t 
f%F FfUF ■g'rtl'H 7 PolHH 7 f%F fdd bffesfHF UF 
US TT FFlbf 7 Ft SFt I FTTOS OffI 7 ^ Sty-FUFt>H 
UfTO UF HF TT 7 TOtbf 7 UF 7 UFtbf 7 US I RUfJ 
FF 7 FW - tUFtbf 7 F TOJTO TOTOK ^F bfi 
UFtbf 7 USI HUFH §H HUtU bfF SFt futHbf 7 §F 
US I SFt Flif HHFF 7 Ftbf 7 fSHH 7 feF FHSt UF 7 5 
bfFT UF US I 

FFS - fHHFH F U^FUS-HUF tsotS 7 1 

*. — 

fSFT ?U tU UF US UF 5fFt HfFU ?7F - U 
UFHFF T HtF UF US I UF 7 ^ grst bfF UF F feF 
TT 7 UFt d^' UF f%F UF US bfF fHS§S ?U F 7 
t%F bFUH f%F HHUd iT 7 FFF fesf dt 3F UF : 
H^TF ^fUFtbT gTdt- SF 7 F bfUFt SS F UlUS 
^F tT 7 bfUFt ^Ft HFFTHf f^F UTJFtbf 7 US I bfs 
# UF 7 ^ ?FFT F §H H 7 F HfUF UF US bfF ' 
UFt^UTS 7 F UlUS UF tT 7 HFFSH ^F USF US I 

fHFF nfdU 7 F feoT F1FU f%F Ut H'dlbf 7 S 1 
USF 7 fTOFtbf 7 USI UF SW 7 UF5F 7 feH Ff 7 
SUF>1 bfF, HFSUStbfH, UFFFtbf 7 , FFtbf 7 bfF fV 
(mysis) M'd>^' I HUfFbf 7 f%F bfF F H^HF fHU 7 FI 
SU^ 7 HFF 7 Ul 'sfFtbf 7 feF f>rfHF Ft H 7 HUP 
SU^ 7 HFF 7 Ul ofFt fcfHH 7 f%F SF^ 7 USF 7 U 
UfS dIUlbf 7 US I 




fF3US.6 (bf) 





(Natan tia) 



(Reptantia) 



HcfH^T 



(Penaeidea) 






(Carida) (Macrura) (I 

(Stenopodidea) 

J. y- fief. K. Z. 4 : 24 



(Anomura) 



yfotOd 1 

(Brachyura) 






tfedd 7 



184 



#oT r U3 T (HTOTcT) : for sf'fedfefed ntfedd 

HdHfe i 'd T fefe 

dfet Hd? fetd fed U7T I Hfe dd 7 Hid MOT fdd W 

nurur feife d feyr HUdHfe fey ddlHf 7 fet dfenid udi 
HfefesJ udfe fed, fed? fe 7 ? ufet u?r i fey- d d uidd 
fedd dd : H T fe§dfed 7 (Myopsida), ffefe dtnf Hfd 7 
Ph d tit tTHfet dfet UdtHf 7 U?T Hfd fefeufHsS' 

(Ocgopsida) , ftlcS' dtnf 7 Hid 7 dfetHf 7 fedt UdtHf 7 Hid 
|Hfe Ufe 7 fed dfeufdd tfe dd dfe I feddffeH 7 (Sepia) d 
H? dd 7 d 7 HtTfe Hid fOT? - HHfuidt Hd'Q< i ffet 

fedd fed ufe 1 fey dt fw r nt HrufdHd feddd ufe i 

d. y.->fe wr. rr. u. (1977) 4 : 44 

5otf«rt , : fed S'd'HM W- 

ferdfe Hfd HdOdfed d 7 dfeH 4 tltt'Ul, 1694 £ dfdH 
fey-df^rifejfe^^H'U'dd uffed 7 few Hfent fan 
fe <fe H'rt dt f>ld 'fed' dt ?8l 14 d? HfeHd UdTdd-T 
fdd 7 1 12 H 7 ? dt §Kd fed fed UfFfeH HfWTfefe’dfe 
Hd fUTHf 7 Hfd fedt fefedtHf 7 d dHld 1739 dt". fed 
Hdt fUTdit d T HfdUTfefe'dfe ffedcfd UfUH! 7 I fed fe? 
defend dHdfe ‘feHd Hfe W Utfafe fed dt 
fedUHlfeW’ (1735) fed fed dt UHd Udfe 7 ‘Le 
Coucou’ HUH? d I fed £ fedTfHHl 7 dt dt fed dHdfe 
‘Noels pour 1’orguc et le clavecin’ doe fid dddfet I 

15 Hfe, 1772 £ CrfdH fed fed dt Hd d dfet I 
d.y.-WT.fe. 7 : 71; Hlfe.fH.W 7 . 3 : 375. 

sT offrtdl, rttf (De, Kooning, Willem) : 

fed Hdfed fed HfHfefe 7 d 7 ‘d^dfed Hfd dfefefefefe- 
fdddol'd HIHfefed fed HlHctfe 7 fed Hffddt fddUfefet 
£ ‘HlfeHfe dfUfe’ dt ffeU 7 fed 7 d I feffefe d 7 dfeH 24 

w, 1904 £ fe?d fed afedtd fed dfeyy i 

fed fe ffe dt HffedHt fed fitfw fedd fetdt ! 
Hfe 1926 fed fed HO-fcitfe 7 fed d 7 fefHHTIHfe 1927 
fed fed £ HfeUUfe fed HJsftfj dfeHTI fd fed 
fdddcTd, dW-Udd Hfd HPWdfe fFfe aidPd dd 
fddddd d'ddtd dldoft d ddd Udfed dfedT I dd 
1928 d ddTddT fed £ fedfdd ?dfe dr fdddd dd?d 
»fd ydfe dd '§dt>fe Hd dtdfer i fefe fedd 7 d Crfed 
did Hddfe dwt d Ud 1 ^ dt 575d feffet d I dldfdd, 
1935 d ddfet, 1937 3d fed dddd ITdldd dfefe- 
ffefedd d dTdd Vfddd fed ^d ddd 7 ffed I fed fed 
£ dd fedfedF fed dd fddd dt He'd I 

H7T 1938 fed fed d fddT d fed dd ddd 
>H T d>ft»f 7 d fddd yd'Od Hd offd fefe fe Hd Hdfedl’, 
fetfed fedld’ Hdfd 1 fed d ddd ?dd fed d ’HHdddd 
fddddfet dt dtdt I 'fed ddddL f Hid 'Hffedt’ Hffedt 
fddddfet d ddd dd I 

Hd 1948 fed fed d fdfdW fed fedd dt 
>H T UdtHir fddd 7 dt dfedt UdHHdt dHTfet I fed 



fed fed d HTUdtHf 7 dfetHT Hfd dtd Hfddd fddd 7 
Uddfed dtdtHf 7 | dd 1948 fed fed d Qfedl ddrtlcS 7 
d ddd dfefed dWT Hid 1950-51 fed dd d^d 
Wd HPd? fed U 7 pfeHfr| Hldd 7 dWt fed d dd dd 
fefdHd d Hdd dfe fddd Hdfe, frfe ‘ fedd Hid 
dfefddd’; £ f feHd fed d 7 ddHt, Hfd £ feHd Hfe 
ddddU’, Hftdl fed dtHf H 3 - fyftHT fedd* - fed 
‘ddtd HPd ddZd’ ( 1943 - 46 ); £ fud Hfedd’ (d. 
1945 ); ‘dfefe fed 41 Wd. (d. 1946 ); £ yfedl’ 
( 1948 ); WHdfedd ( 1950 ); ddciy fed ddW* 
( 1950 ); £ td Z dt fedd’ (I 960 ), ‘dt fefed’ ( 1967 ) 
HI 1 It! HHfd dd I ‘fedd ’ fed d fddd 7 dt Hdd dt UpHtl 
ddt dl 

d.U. - >5te.ft[.H. 5:563; Hld.fed 7 . 3 : 440 

3 cJilrl : fed Pfed-fedfe ddd d dl tid'd ddT d 7 

dHd-ydyl fed 7 d ftTd d ydd d dUd fed ddfedldd 

dtT d I fed fe^ 7 ufedt dWd ddd fetdt dt tdTtT 
fenpdd d dHdt 3dT fed fefffed fifed dd fed 
HTfeHf 7 Hfd fed fed £ 1960 fe. fed dl tid'd fed 
H 7 Hd fed 7 fend I fed fed 7 1683 ¥. fe. dtdddfud 

Hfenr 7 dfeni 7 dl fed fe nryfet 1 , 44 , 091 ( 1991 ) 

d I fed Udd dt Odd dd fddd dfetHf 7 Hd 7 cf'dcS fed 
fd cdd 1 ftf dd ddl Ud^ life tfelfe Tdd dd dd 
d77 I dd 7 Hffe dfetHI 7 dt fddt cTfet d Hfd d<H>'<± 7 Hfd 
ffe fHtHf 7 ddlddl fdd fedt fedt feHf 7 d7T, fed fed 
ddOT dfe Odd 7 d dd fed dl fedd d Hfe fed df 
Wdddydd fUtT d I ddd 7 d t?d Hd dHd 7 dd I fed d 
fed 7 dd Hfdfet ddfe dt Hdt 1970 d ddfe d Hffed 
fedt dfetl Hfd^ 7 fed d 7 Hdd-Hddf dl fef dt 
HTydffel Hdfe d fed dfet ddt di 

d. y. - Hid. fe. H 7 . 3 : 875; fed. 3T. fed. 11 : 145 

Sdl'fe : UP7T d ffefe ddd fed tdfefe 
fdHPdd' fed feld 7 fed ofefed d fedd 7 Hfddtfe 
drrfe d Trfefed-srfer yfedd fe fed did dd 7 fe 
tdfefe ddd Hdd 7 d! fed dfefe fed dfefe 7 Hfd 
dfefe dfefe fe SFHdT dd I 

fed dfefe d y^'Hlfe fed fyHdd d ffe fed 14 
fe Hdt fed ffed ?fe Hffe^ ^ to- 

Ufdfe-Ufdd fed ddd fed dfefe fedd 7 dfe Udd dfe 
Hd Ud dHfd fed 17 fe Hdt d Hfd fed fed 7 3dlfe 
dtHfi- 5^1^ feyr ^ offfe yfe few 7 | fed 

Hdt d Hfd fed HlH'Jl feHtff fe fetfe fe HfOlfe Hdftd 
fed ffeHT Hffe fec^ 1 d fed feHTd fedd fed I UH I HTdtd 
1874 fe. fed HiTddtHf 7 d ddddfetHf 7 Ud dd idd 
?dd ffer fefefe fe HTtfdt fdfet I 

ffefe fefe 7 d 7 Hd ffed 7 ddtddt d I HddTH. dfet 
Hfet, fed 7 ?' Hfd Hdldfet fed dtHf 7 Hd dH? 7 dd I dfe 
d 7 ftfHPd 7 fed fedtfe d Hdd dt fedd U77 I Hldd 7 IHdP 




185 



tft sr?fef far § 7 r f 7 ufu su'Qfefe 7 ff i si fami- 
sh uf hf*", uuutfe 7 , ft nrfF us feF uf i for f 

fe'H'S 1 ' feF HoT fflW feF HSffe 7 HUfe FFF F 7 SH 
if HUF FF I 

HUfafe 7 UU felfe F fUF 7 FfeS HU 7 fHUffe 7 
FUtfe 7 FFffe 7 FF I feF 7 f?F UF3F UfeS 1 ? UUUU 

— u — 

UFHF F I feF ScT HdF'U feF urn we? ?OT fiF 

it u? uf i hh §• fe ss Hfcfe 7 feF 7 f i 
u. y. - fer. fy. h 7 . 3 .- 846 

tfaf girt (Dengu) : fen F FF-FF UPU if 
feHfF FF I feu W HUF FF F HUT SW UF 1 " F F 
feF HSU F FUT UUF (fe) FUT IFF 7 F I for HUU 
(UUT) Ft" EUUT feoT r <± UUf HUTFt F t HFtS EHUUt 
(Aedes aegypli) F 7 F HSd d'Jl fes ddll F FF FU" 
UFUFt F I U1UH feF fHH 7 HHS'F HSU feF fiH 7 ? 
(Virus) FF 7 F SUf feF tWF «y1 STFSF feu UF 1 " F I 
feF oFUF F It feF WT FUFHsff UFU fiF SHU FF 7 
F I fF HUU FU FUF UF UUUFUTU fiF sfefei" f%F 

feu Hfuuf hff isf i 

FF feF HSU feH HUF F UUTt F §H Ff Hfafef F 
Uf?S fFF Iff 7 fuf #ut UUF 7 F F 7 UUT F feff 
hsu f war us fetf ff i fsu<* §■ sut ife'Q? Ft 

fFfeFUFfiH 8 F 10 fFF BUTF FF I FF FF §Ff 
HSU FF frtddl feFfaf F 3UT H'dtP F F 7 HH 1 ? F 
fiH'f §H HSU F FVW F FS iFFUT nmfl" f%F 
FUJF F FF FF I feK Ff 1 " HSF F FFF (FFT-HFF) F 
HFTFFT 10 fFF FW fetUT nPFKf f%F if HtvPFf F 
ffeF fFFEf FF FFT CfF FF »fF F FF finTUFUF, 
FFF 1 " W F fut F3F HfFHJT UF HUT UF 1 " F I FF 
UffinP" fiF Ff fife" >HF FF 7 fiF FFF FUF KfUHH UF. 
FUT CfF 7 F >MF fFF ?"F UFff «tf fUFF 7 FFF 7 if 
HHfiF F FF 7 FI feF FUF 7 oPUF Ff fEH HFF F 
'os HITF if urfFF FF I HFF FF HfcPF if FF 7 F I 
cfif ^F HtTF 106°F FF UUF FiF 7 F I HtPH F TFF 
UUff Ff FHF drtl FFF FUTFf F ’HF UFF-F’H 
(HFF-QhF) if ufF FF 17 tl oret ^F HUfF F FFF 
fFF UUT F HUF fFF if feoPF nftF" FF fF F fFfff 
W FFf F W fiF FF-HFf5" F FF 7 F >HF ofif 
UTHfW" if iH FFfM 7 FF I fFF-F^ fFF HTW HtPF 
feF FH UfFF 7 F, oTif ffPHF 7 UHfF" >H r §F 7 F >HF 
Hfvruf f uu «iF if >>mr f ff ff i feF ufuf 

feUF 24 Uf? ufeF §UFF HH 7 ? »fF Htxfef F FU ffe?" 
FH 1 ? 7 UUT? FF Bf F FF UF I W Ff 7 F HFF F fFF 
HH 7 ? (Sctirlct fever) fiF FF UF, Ulft 7 ? 7 , goeldf, 
feffe^H 7 >HF ofef IFF, FHfffef" >HF UU 7 F HH" if 
H FF FF I feF HFF F UU ffecf HW Uf?F FF 
Ff 7 Ff UfUF FF I Hfwf F g# F 7 HFi fFF HH 7 ? ft? 
FFF 7 (UfUF 7 ) FI HH 1 ? Uf?F F ofef F 1 ? FHFf Ff 
HFUFf UUF if §FUFf F I 

UUff FFf UFf TltU 7 FF 7 FI UFF-F 7 ?, FHFUf 



t?Ffef? 

> HF FHF Ffe FfeW 7 cfef FFF BUT F^F FF I feiT UUT 
F UUff H?f WH FUff FH-FtfU FFF FfeiF fHH UF 
UF I feH UUT F UUTfef 7 5" FTUTUU fenfF 7 ITFf utF Ff 
) UF fffU F Sifef 7 UUfef 7 UH3" tf HfFF fFF FF I FTUfU 
Ffef" FUF 7 FfUT WF ffef F¥fef>fe if fFFfW FiFfef" 
FF I feF UUT F feoT UHF F H r> HF HFH fiF T5UTUUT 
UF H'rt ffef UUT UFf HUffPU 7 (immunity) UF 7 F FFf 
F I Uf? Uf? UF FRU feF UUT FH 7 ^" FFf FF 7 1 

feH Hfe'dl Ff Uof-HT-f ffef HSU 7 F cTH U'Qd 1 
FUUf F F feH UUT §" feoT F ^ H HFH 3 d sfi'O F UF I 
ffeU 7 F UFUF (breeding) HHF 7 F sff . if . ?f . >HF FU 
offe-FTM FUfefbP" fe^oRH 6fU?F F'UfF 7 F I UUff 

F fiHH FU F Ufet fFF fFF 7 ffef itJU HTF bffFF 
HHF 7 F UUU 7 FfefF 7 F fFH tH $ HSU F 7 UUT HU 
HofU I feu UUT F HdftRH 7 ffef FF if FUT 7 ? Ffe UF I 

J. y. - nlu. K. 3". 2: 482; >>fU. fe. H 7 . 4 : 11 

5dlUd? llfdtt' : feF HUfSFfefF UFTHH F 7 
HTOUf UlFU'H'Fl UUcff H'FH'U ufeWF I feu F 7 FTTH 
605 fiF cTFUU FF F UfU Ufebf 7 1 

feF 623 Uf. fiF HFHUFffbf 7 HfF 629 if. fiF 
Hfef UUoff HH FFF F 7 H T FH T F Hfe^H 7 1 feH F UTF- 
UFH FUF UF Ffef" FF 7 HFF fSH'F FUffe I HTUU 
UF F HFHF oTUF ffef fefTF UFFFtF F UFUF 
FUFffeMH FF if fHFUF 7 Sfe HHH HUfel fe?Ff, 
fFUf HUF UfF HUUtf UF 7 F UU" i tu HUF UU" 
UF if H? i ffeUF 7 1 UfUH FFFtcT HU tf?FT F HF 
iHfeHFHUH r S' A SFtU F feH UH §" UHF of? fFF 7 
fer ffF HlH HHoFHfF SUH F 7 HF F SF 7 tPUfHcT FFU 
Hf I feH F HUUUf UFUFf >UH?Hf>U F HFH F OfUH 
HU 7 ffef fuQli feF FFUf HfHUF Hf HfF feu Hfef 
Hf5FFF F 7 HH UU HUH? 7 F 7 FSH HH 7 Ff Hf HUT 
SHU FUff Ff 7 FffeUH 7 F 7 HofF 7 Hf I HF 634 fiF feH 
F JUHUHfeT F HcF F HFH? ofUF ffef bPUU" fFF- 
UH 7 HFF fHFHU? §" tu tf UTFf fF" feF 7 fFF 7 1 

feH F 7 fTFH 7 Fi 1 HFF UfHU Hf UU fe? UUFMF 
fFKFf HfF FUFfef 5# I feH F UTT fiF HUF UHUfef 
HffeflUH HUF oRF F HUf fFFf ifef ffTH F 7 UUF 
feH UF fiFH UHF 7 HfF fUTUfriHf 7 f"F FU HH 7 F fHH 
feF 7 F I feHF UUoff UTfF 7 5" few, HH 7 Ff HUUHFf 
oftFf HfF fiffeH 7 F §FUF fFF 7 ! WUF UF Ff 
fFUTFf UUf FHUF F HF 7 ffFH T l SF SF F r UltUF r d i 
fFU# UF F HHFU of? UF HF, F if cFH oftF 7 1 

19 tTFSUf, 639 §" SUH fiF H? FFf fit feH 
Ff HFFUfef I 

U.U.-tu. ffe H 7 . 3:846; fe). 8 : 419 

Jrtwfet? : feF fe« FUHF UfeF F F Hffef>HH 
feF HUF FfeiFUH fHHti?, CaBsi0 4 (OH) F Hfefe 7 
F I feF UUF fScffaF feWAFHdfal Ufife 7 (fa'HUH 7 ) 
fiF dUIdfU F fF? UUT feF USFF Ufe F UU fiF 




186 






fewy U 4 »TK §y W fey HFFyWUH % tfe? feWF, 
fef - yyfe few uyyrw uirfew w yfey feHfeyy 
fe gfeyfeiy few fey' fwwy y i 

duwfefe fe ufeyar wh fer £ yyy unyw ?yw 
yfey feQ'fe fferywyyyywyfefewyfegwyyi 
yd*d fe w? 3" yrH'rtl ttw Cpuyyfe fferfe 
ufuu'i y i uuraw hh 1 fey fey hw hSw yw fey 
yy ddi fe fey fenn »'<: (tfe 1 y i fey wh yy y 
wyfe yyrTT, ffet 1 yw Hyyy (hhw) % uy few 
vdfe'd' fey teg 7 y i fey wh yy y ywyyy, 
twfe ffewfey, uuA'fed wfefetwfefe wy 
Oofewfefe ywHtfcjy yy yi 

y. y. - >>t?r. fe. 7 : 89 

fe :#y,fkyHW 
' * 

s5 sfd ~^?7%‘i : fl' (Dendro Chronology) : 

xddtjd ' w Ud'el tt old y ny hh'cv &> fe y yw 
^THor brfuwr w fryy-ffe&fe wife uw i fey £ 
ygyfe y yw-foyUWT (Tree-Ring Dating) fe fey 7- 
fey yi yywy y yw-feduw yyy wfe yyuy 
fey ffefe uyy y wan (borer) few, y fe fey to fe 
yyy Ife u)y ywt feQy ufe y, yyyy y ysr y 1 oifedl 
yyi (yjwt) yy y yyy w fww fey y i uudiHW 
feyfeyfefey uh^yfe^ffefeferdiedl yyyy 
fewfewlfey fe yyfet fe Kfet fefe y i fey fer fey 
fe yyfey, yfe yfe y feww fe yyfey 
feyw wufe hw y ntfewr fe fey fey y i 

y. y- ^ty. fe. y. 4 : ii; fe. i ■■ 234 

tfe - HfeTW 3 Tiir : ui tyfy y yyyr y feiiwfe- 
?fer (Opiliones) Wy Hcffew fe yw 
(Pholcidae) y fefew 7 wfe fey fey WH fe y I fec ^ 1 £ 
d'd^Hdd , d'd«"nd Hl-ffefey fe O'd^HdHy ?T feZF 

fey y, fFRF fe fey didHfen" y btyfe bfe ifeyy y §y 
fey rtdd bi'O rd yy i fey yyy w y fi-rwy ?y 
ufet yy 1 yy bray-fTfebr y nfe ^ny yy fey yyy 
ffetry nty fey fey »fh ?fey by§y yy 1 

fef y nyfe £y y yfe ffer fe bfyyy yy y 
bfe y fetfevr fey yfe’H 1 ’ e>Jl oy 1 yw-di ytfebf* - fe 
yynjy y y ^ 1 ufe fey fey di»ss ufe y Phh fey 
eyfyy ny feywy y 1 fefe fenr ? 5 y yyy wfete 
bfe yyfenr ufe»r uy, fefe fe Hd'fed 1 ?fw fey 
yyy yy yyy yy bfe bfoty rfey y yvfty y fey fe 
yfe yyy uy 1 fefe y w bfyy fey-ny#, Hfete 1- 
»fe Hyyfer yy 1 

yy, K'y <vw sy y ?tjfe d ^ 1 y yy y 1 fey 
fey fey wfe, w Qwddygr feyy ufe & 1 uyyy 
fey fefe y >fey uy S' bfe fey fety^H 7 fe yrw 

yy mife W fyyuy->Hyr (Ovipositor) fe Hd'fed 1 



cv« yfey fe fyy Hfe y fey fey fyfe y 1 fey 3 
yw yyfe fe fe yry hu fey yy 1 yyy ufe feg 
fefe feffeHfe fey oftfe fyyyy uy 1 

J. y. — >»ty. fe. 6 :991 

: fey y fefer yfe y su fey fefebr 
y ufyy fe y 1 fey fefe yyrfe gy?f(yy fey uyfe yy 
fe yfey yy btfe fey fefe fe >nw uy oray yy 1 ffej 
fejfefe fe bi'^'tri Hyiil fey yyy feyy nyuy u fe 
fefe y twy fy ujy fey fefe yfe ufyy yiray y 
nc<d yffey yy y 1 bpy yy y fey fe yygfe^H)- 
uyfewyy (Xestobium rufovillosum) bfe feyfefeo 
Uo (cctf (Anobium punctatum) yfebf 7 yfe •sdfd'Jf 

yy y i fwyy fey fe yyyfeny utfefey 
(X- rufovillosum) Kfe fe <dd fey bffey y I fefebf 
fe fey »fyy >>tyw fey y§y &z\ §yy (yfer) yy 
y y Qy fefe miy fey fefe yMy fey ?yw yy yy 5 
uy cfyy y 1 ofet yy Hfeuyy (Psocoptera) <sddi t 
yy ferafet feffefe (Book lice) $ fe ffer yy y 77 
fyy yy y uu Mfyy huh fe ttuh fetyfe y few 
fefe gyryyr »Fyy uy ayy nyyywy yi ffej 
fetfetfe febr.y iryfer ^feuuy uyfeyfe^H 7 (Atropo 
pulsatoria) bfe fecy fe^yfeWT (Troctes divinato 
rius) fuuyy yfe uyfe feun fer fe ?7 fetyfe fe fey 
wyy fey Hpfe uiyy yuuw y rfey fyfe y fe yu 
yufe^ryn 

y. y— nly. fe. 7 : 114 

Hy W 7 > : fey fey feur ofet fe ffe 
£ feuriufe fey fey feHH f-fen £ fife feyy yy 
fyyy yyy fe fey ufeti fen y yu-r 1615 fei 
yyffey fey ufebF 1 ffer y >Hfernyy^ y ffeyn 7 iFin 
fefe 1 fen £ yfedsidl feffePHy fejt yfey ‘fe nfei 
( 1641 ) bfe 'yuyy few’ ( 1642 ) feu y ufttfe uan 
fefe 1 fen y ufufe" fen £ yyfew y Hdfe'fe 'fefefe 
(Aneid) fe>fe 6 fflWfe y feuiufe fey TOW ^ 
fey fe 1 yyfeuft y yyy fen £ yywn yy Hfe fe 
ufe yfer fey yyy fef fey 1 fen £ '?yfey upy 
y feyy fey few >ny 'uinw HH'fgfe’ y Hfe 
fefew few Hdife fey u T yfevry y Hfey fe fey 
ijfHtr yfe »feyrafey uu £ t?wr y ‘feyy fe Fly 
£ gyy nwfew y 1 fen fe yfey fuferyny y fy 
feyfefey^fyy^yyuHy itfe§y Huyyyfyy 

10 hw, 1669 £ hw feu fen fe ity yfe »r 
fen £ fenfenfeH^a fet fey yyyfew few 1 

y. y. - ^177. fe. 7 : 235 ; ^77. fe. HA 3 : 465. 

d'cfflftl : yty-tfefe yfe fey fen fey ; 
few y yyyfe feuy y feyy fy httsw yfew g 
Hd'feoi ? 7 fe yuyg - y ££ nfey y i fey sfey fferfH 
wuwyfeSi ffei nfeu y bFW-yyw yur huw y 
fey yyy feQ 1 y yyyyy uy Hyyy y ^tife 




187 



dfot; 1 yi fey wfod yyd Ud'fa ufod 1 fey yi fey 
faw^faw fa ?yfac?H yfey Wfay fa I H 7 ^ Hfa 
fey fey Hfdd fetidlrtl Wfa Hrtriod ddo(' fetdoj'd 
yfaw 7 wfafaw ?rw fa? yfa fa few fa 1 14 Fret 
yy fey yfey yyfa y fafacr fa y hhot yfey yfa 
wwy fafewffayy 7 fer faf# wfa yyfa ifatw 7 fafa 
y<b'Qa wfa yycft" fey yfew yfew fai is fa wfa 
19 fa Htlt fey feyjyw tts 3W fa few i 

fey y 7 vssws 12,369 w. fer. fa. fa fay fey 
HcSsJ'dH unfa y udtfl fuyf fayr wfa wyr-ywfa 
y uyrfa few 'fa fa jthw fai fet fa w Qyyy 
oary, try uyuy, '»fafa wfa fay^ - yy 1 fey y Afa 
tryy fey gyy ^trwy yy 1 

»f T Wi‘-2,04,118 (1991) 

?. U. - nte. fe>T. 3 : 467 

drtsfa 1 (Dandarah) : xfuy feyy fa facT 
yy^y fey fey fey yd'fefal yfey fa fayy fe fate 
yfew fa tfefa feyfe ffa faxw fafew fa 1 wfafay 
yfey yd'ci c cd 1 tt 7 y yfey ^'fal fa s fayw 7 yfew 
faifey yyffat wuy feyyfa sfaute fad'HU'fal fay 7 
fa wfa tp#y feyy fa fasy fa fa ftwy fa yfa fa 
ywyfey fai xroffar fevnyy ywrt gyr(305-3ofa. 
u.) fa gfa ufa fa wfa fey fa fayy yfeyjyy 
ife l fa fawn (14-37 faofay^faynfeyfevryy Hf 
yyH'd yww H^ifaw 7 fevrrfa faxr fate 7 fafa fa 
fefayfafai 

fefa y 7 yy-ufay fauy yfew wyy frarayT 79 fa. 
(260 fy) far fa 83,570 w. fa.(90,ooo ^ . fy), yyy 
fa xitid^'d yfew yfew fa 1 fey faw 7 fay offaw 7 
fefa faxr yfexr yfaw yyi yyy fa wyd^'d fesr 
■xbj 1 H'd 1 yyr y fayy 18 yvjffaw fauy fanfew 
few y wy yy fey fauy yyy yfa y fayy 
yfew yfew y 1 fey yyy yyiw fa wyiy 7 fa i 
yyy fa>fa ^fa yyy yfe yfafa fay ffey 3y yy 1 

oiu 1 ffey y 'titl'd y yfew yyfa ^d^ ^fay yy yy 1 
yry fa iicp - feor ty fay y faos 1 fer 6 faf fay 
yfew yfew yi fey y fax 1 w 6 wrotrTT y?r wy 
fey y fdOfaw fey yriw y trfefar y 1 fefa" fey 
fey fe§fa y^ yy^fa- yyy 4s §• yjjyr y fay fe 
^faHyfa^fe^yfe ^feyfaMyfafaitfayfa 
' 4s §fe ~6Hl f dH y^y f nyyfey yy u^-wryy yy 
fay fey yfet fafy wy w uifa yfe tra 1- wyr fa 1 

fey nyy y ftfe fey tfe 1- fay 7 wfafey nyy y, 
f3?#iw^fey^^yifef3WH| 
yyy yy y 7 yyyyr fa faywfa fayy 7 fe xfay^ 
yfey 7 wrfey urar fey ufeyy fay y yyy 4s 
fey fayfa fdidd'ura-yi 

Wyfa - 21,279 (1996) 

26° 06' §■. fey.; 32° 37' U. Hy. 

y.U. - xte-. fe. H 1 ". 3:873 



tsyfa 

(Dandelion) : fey xfHddlsfa 
y S fa yyfayy (Taraxacum) uyfat fa yy^yfa 
yfayy 7 sfay y , fay y 7 hw gifaw y uy fey ffefa 
wfefe 7 y yyy-yfa yyy fey fa wh fkyfa y i fa. 
W. fa Hi AW (T. officinale) fey fa WH ffejy yfel tFfa 
yifeytfefaf^HHW-^Qwyyrxfawyy s 
ufew y 7 tny 7 yfew yy 7 y i tlfew y ffayy yyyry 
fa gw o<c"fa yfa yy yy i fey try y 7 far 4s fay <fer 
y 7 yy 7 y, fayy yyfyy fa? 7 y 7 yyy yy y, <v fe 
feed fwi fey uy y 7 yw fay y wyy y yy y 
fayy feor fay ws dw r y fay yy y i fey y ofe 
yyy yfa ?7yy tfe yyy fey ^yy fay y?7 xfa fey 
faw yg 7 o(‘fa yyyr fay-uyyy ue'Oe wfa ^d5 
fey wffawyyi 

r.y. - xte. fe. vr. 3.368 

d (Danburite) : fey fafefe tffefa fa 
jjfa y, fay fey fefatwf wy yyyi wfeyfeyfey yy 
yy 1 fey fayy i839fa.fey t??tfa, oroyfeyfeu’ 
yfa xfa fey fa fa fey y 7 fey fa fewi fey 
tyyfefe fey yfa fewy yyi fey y 3 % wyfafaffar 
ffaryy fey yyy yy xfa 3 # fayyyfa fa 1 uyfairy wfa 
ddiJli 3 1 fefa fafa 33T y yy yr 1 ffa^ 7 yfew fa ytr 
yuyry 7ss wst fysyr-ywy 7 y 1 fey y 3fafefeor 
sw CaB 2 (SiO^j y 1 fey fa ySdd 1 7 xfa fefeyy 
wyy 3 .0 y 1 fey y faftw 3fe ytry fey feyy yy 1 

3. y.-xte. fe. 7: 29 

3'OTdT : to yyr wifaer 7 fey yyy-tfevft 
orofaory 3fa fey twfaw^ faffa fa jfexrfa fayy 
y fayy 7 U3fay3y uy^ y tfa fey yfey yfew y 
fay fayw yfew yi fey yfey fa fafay 4s sot 
cTiryfefa yy yufa 7 fayy y fay hw'aI sfaw fafar 
wfa wh wfay yyi fey fa 1685 fa. fey ^yrfew 
few fa fa fufa 1 702 fa . fey feyfa yfey ?fa ffayifey 
fafa 7 feiw 1 fey yfey y fa fey yy 1 fey yyw fayy 7 
feyoryfa fey fey fa fa ^tt 7 wydfay farfew feiw 
fa uy xfaorjj fey yfa" fey yfa <vw fa ffay yfe y?> 
wfa ffafa yfa - fa fafa uwyy yy fawyr few yi 

faufa nfat fa gy fa yw fafer fey yy ay>fay y 7 
hb^ fayy yfew yyyn- yfl- ug wfaonj fey fayfear 
uffafa 7sw yyy wy feiw y wfa feyfat fa yy?fa 
yfawfa fa s wfa yi wfafa^ fet feyfa y 7 pr>r?r, 
HwlAdl, faufa, dH'fect, fay-y^ fa wary wiy yyfa 
fay y?ri fefa faw yyyfafafa fay 7 fey yyyyiT 
cTOfafey yyy oc«h, UTfet wyy yonfayw h^w, 
fyyy ygw wfa t7iyfa yy 7 ? - t^yy wmfey wy 
wfy JTHjy o a i 

Wfa - 65,585(1990) 

41° 23’ fa. fe¥.; 73° 27 U. W¥. 

y. y. - Xfg. nffr. 8 : 464; Xfa. fe. W. 3 : 871 




imw 



188 



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189 



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190 



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a 7 a 7 3ua feyd'SI wife wara for S yyfeft' h 7 

alH'dlW S' tFdfHdr fettH 7 fetd HW fed Rdd 
cftH 7 fed 7 3 fad S ‘9?# d'ylfddlrt (Holy writings) 
fed 7 S'S' 3 I fed 3Td S 7 dF fad 7 Wfed (Aramaic) 
iw fed >xh afet feyaSt fes a i 

fed ydHd dUdF 3d S' S' dW fed fefet fedt 3 I 
Ufeft 7 aW (dUda -1-6) ^dd'HHd dl dd 7 IW 
(SUdd 7-12) feftafet fed 7 dl UfeS ?W fed 
tStw >Hd fd d dfetw S 7 y*d'H fed dfed 

fedd'd fdH 7 fdW 3 »TH f?7 d fed tffed cdW 
HHdH 6 cfdTdfef 7 dt ftfet Sddfef dl ydHd d dd 
aar fed iSfefd da aatw afetw fed dftdtw »rfe 
fed HUS d 7 ?ddd dtH 7 few 3 1 

fed ydHd fed OdH'dH 7 dHdt S fedt fed S 
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Sd d 7 tTHd oftH 7 1 feRd 7 Wffe 3d yd dt fed fed 
yd 7 yd 7 t 4 ode 1 } iff h fed tttil Qh a Sd 7 ?r ifed 7 

fedrfeW I fed HdH^ydTT UHHd d d fed dfe H dd 

fddf 3 fd 3d df dd 7 fed dfed 7 dtld 7 3l feddfet 

ydHd 7 fedd d 7 faW ftfet fed Ud3d S Hda d 7 dd 
dfe 7 3 fdffe fed fed fefeddT S 7 feddfef fedd 
few d ^KH KdlfHK 7 d ddT dt Wd dfef 3 1 feddf 
HdCFf feWdn d fed fed 7 3 rdddi »fH HdtdH 7 H 1 
fddTd 7 yQddl I ddd d 7 feW »fH U^TT ? 7 feW d 

fed 7 s fecr ydHd WHM-yttlS 1 * ffef Oddt 3 1 

d.U. - 4)77. fe. y. 3 :370; Mt. 8:454 

5cS«^d : dddH ddT Widtd 7 d ddddd d^d S 7 
d'HU'ol dfdd d fddd 7 5*S'H d 2105 fd. dt. (64 
Kfe), fddTdf H 1 1660 fd. dt. (1,030 dfe) »fH 
H'cS^d'fdHoj H 1 2092 fd.dK (1,300 dfe) §d dfet 



tfefdSldW 

UddH fd dfeH d I fed dfdd dddd HdT d 1 ,609 dt. 
(5280 fd)dtfdfet Hdl fed fdfet oTdd fed S 
‘dfefe dfet fadt’ dt fed 7 fed 7 d I fed 1928 fed ddd 
tffet d fed>fd d dddfd dddd Kd cddld d feddt 
Sdtd. 280 fe. dt. (175 dfe.) WF dfet dlfddfdld 
ltd fed dfdd dfet u^few 3feW dl fed fefew 
mH dfeWSFdd HHy^', t?7?d dSfedfddt >HH 
3 T »'dt gfefedfddt dfH fefHJ'dd Wdfey Hid d^l 
fed fd *'rt dddH yfefedfddt fe dddfTT 7 1864 fe. 
fed dfe dt I fed HdfeW few dfe ?5fe 9dH yfefd d I 
fed d 7 Udfet ITdd 21 ,400 ddd fed IfeW dfew 
3 1 fed H 1 fed 7 ^ 7 fed ddd dfe ddd ddTftfH dtH dd 
d7T I fed iidld d 7 tjdd ?5dldU 7 fed 7 SWd 7 dfH 7 fed 7 d 
fed fe HddfTd 1861 fe. fed dfe dt I 

dd fed dfdd ddT S 7 dH fe 'ZsS' ^TJ'dof , 
fdfefdld >Hfe d-dWfe S 7 ddd dd few 3 >HH fed 
fe feTdfe fed, fed, dfet dfdd t4d 7 3d 7 d HddHdW 
fed offfe dfet 3l fef Hd H fefe d Qstldl 7 fed 
HdtcSdl , ddd few ^dH 7 >HH fefdWdoT dHd feWd 
feH dfe dd I fed dfddd fe cdfe feortdH 3 1 fed dd 
yfH fd cVtt dddH dfe few r fe 0(5 I 

fed tdfecW ITdoT, dWdt ddd fdddfeolK 
fefdfw, t?7^d Wdd feffewf H gSfedfdfe Wd 
cJ(5<S0 ttfe fe Hddd d I 

Wdfet :- 4,67,610 (1990) 

39° 48' f . fed. ;104° 59’ 3. dd. 

dy.-^dfe. y. 4 : 18, ; t. fe. d. feot: 326; ft. fe. 

t. 5:255 

: ddd d 7 fed dd 7 3d 7 dfdW 

as ■ = = 

3 fddd 7 fe dddfe d ddd fejdd Udfet tfHd fed 

feddd Wdfedl 2,790 fe. dt. Sd r fedS 7 dfeWorS 
dfeTd fed d 7 fedld 7 3 1 fed d dd-ljfefe dHd d >HSd 
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fe. dt. d 7 dHd HTO 3l Hdfet 3d ydU fed tddF 

dfdW f3§" fed d 7 dt Hfcl'cS 3 1 fed dfew rtssfedl 
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fed fed Hd dUW dfew 3 fed stw 60 Hd'fed 
(fetw feddt sftf <i fearaTrifFfeddtwHd'feoi 
(5dtw dt (did Hi 300 3 1 

fed dfew d dfed fed WZ id tfed fed 
3d Ud I ufed 7 dfed, 240 fe. dt. Sd 7 , 210 fe. Ht. 
dd 7 >HH dS^d Hfftff. 400 dt. dt fdfet H dd 

ytfdG Ufd 7 (5 ‘ft fWfew dfew H I fed dH 3 1 dd 
ife afedt 3 h fea fed furdf feftd' ai fe3 at 
^'feo dfew O'rt fed S -ds#A ^'ftl fed (Sfdd 3^1 

31dt 3 1 dd 7 dfdd dtWTd dfed d dfe ltd fedfHH 

»th dafw-^dtw uafetw (dd fWfew fefew ai. 




192 



tlTiH, W 

felt fo" ft-fot HOOT folfrlfo 0" I i-ITWM wfelWF 
HF fo OOfe WTEF77 it I fofo Hfg77 fo FIFO foot Ffo 

feo 120 gtfefgfot fo it 1 for ffog gt srst gfe 7 

tfotFF 77gtFF foargtPf 7 .077 1 ft! 5 fo HggO 30 fo 
few 37?e?>H7 t'tt'esr 7,680 ¥. for. fit. g dofo 
fog owt otfl g i tjt) y [fi<s g prgo gwfofpF HTTOPotFF 

Ffo foMPF fo f- WT Fffofo 077 1 fe g few 
UU0 g?7377t feTT 0771 for FfcOTT 7 WT ugfoy 7 
w furffor ofo>r g i 

H T 77fofof r ft 06' ttdl^dl 100 fcT. fit. dd for 
gffo 7 g fot gwffegt ogfo 077 1 for fIoff ffo 
ofo ufgcr TToig ?h of 077 fife ffog foot for gf 

d ' H U 1 ftl ysi'UHd, yttdl'dlFF FT-? OgfotFF fo 

fifetfeyfo dTWdfil Hofooyoor otti 

J. u.-fe. fo HP 3 : 880; fe. ntt. 8 : 467; fo. fo. 
t. 5 : 262 

fffer, rTfe ; for mgfer ofot, wsrw, 

gfetfer, WfoT Ffo Wfe tF 7 T 77 K 1657 fit. ffe 
rfer ffe offei for 77 gg Ffo tfor fog firffor 
ifu 3 gfot i gg fog for 77 offo-wfo Ffo ttwt fog 
ug ffor ggr wcrw rfo g yfodF fot for §■ ofe 
yowd 7 ?gfr fifoti for g fogr iFozt sot ofetfeor 
gg fogi 

feor gggrfor gg orofo Ffoggfog uu 77^7 fog 
g 1 " nog gg fifer fit-fog fdo 1 1 g?r 1697 fog for ?t 
ffuw gg fo ufow ggfo fo ufofo Ffo ?7 uwfo 
fofgggi for fo got gg ttwt fogi FFfogw g tfoo 
fog for 77 ‘gt gfgfervfg fifo ffegifog gffo hot 
ufofe (1701), ‘ gt grofofog fog ffetffrag fog 
ufefe (1704), ‘gt ggffefo fog gt gfe (1698) 
Ffo dfofdd'ig ffo goigufFfo (1712) ugfe foyfei 

6 g? 7 ggt, 1734 st. fo gg ?7 fog fen gt >fo g 

dlfil I 

g.U.-fe.fg.K r . 3 : 468; fe.fol. 8 : 686; fe. 
4 : 344 

yf<SH<S', gffo §fd('A' : for ufe figgvrgg w 
flTTH 6 HW, 1812 7 } gfeg H77 (Freeport Maine) 

fog oforn fog fig ufefo g fggwi Hfo ygfgfo 
gt ygfof g h 1 ?^ fe ?w uffe fTTgvFg 7 fo i 
fen g H77 fog nggfog fog is iro gt §>fg fog 
ufotfo ygfes" g fig gt fitfggr 1 ' gngg gfot gfo tfogt 
gfo 77^7 ufotfo- Hgrfe g ggT ffig i fog Hoig w?7 
gw tow ffe for g grnjw fife fe gg gg fgfo 
gfo ngffegfog g gfo>r T gg T 77 fog TTfet ggg hvt 
gst uog §^4^77 gg ?7 g ggr g 7 fotrfog cf] d 1 1 
ufotfo g fe ygffirfo g 7 Hife W7 fe uug 



feu T g 77 gg ?7 n gift ug gi'Qd: gfotfo" HKfggr 7 077 

gg? 7 fegg 1850 gt. fog fog t ffor ufot Ifet fo 
rwirw sfe for gg g ufife Igggt fog ffegg 

gtfefogfofoHgfefoufofop-yi^iy fogfeg-fe 

fiw oti ‘gt »rgfer?7 ggTgg ^g ggfe >fe 
feln* Kgforgffor fett' for gtfo urg^r^f j^cg 
og fog wtfo 1 

9 g?7ggt, 1895 § Hgfgurg, fggife fog for 
gt ng g gist 1 

J. U. - fe. fo. K r . 3 ; 468 

tffe gw 3- Frftra- ; for tggw gt 
ggofot wr gi for wr g TTgiggr 50,00,000 wr 
ygg fe gg fe ^gfe U77i for §wt Tragffer 
wfe gt ugsrt nfefewt ggr w ngg ofe 

fet WT 04 TTgraOT 1000 H 77 H fel WT fefo 

gfer Htfewt wife g fegr fet Hf ogti 
lifer ttfog w 7 w few fe fgwfe (77. 250- 
800 st.) gfe gi for ot fegiM yog 13 
^tggtgg? 7 i 

for fog fet for ?rgt for for wf nfegfotw g 
fe gt ww g fe for fog fet hw fog 
ggfefor Mfofo g fo >jfe ffk gfefofegt 
Knife uw gg g for g 77 1 for-fer fog tTrgfet 
wf fog fe fe yofot oFOor-ufet ygg g ofo 
Ffg ‘gfforoor tildfi g ^ufotfo (S'm hto-h y> 32077 
for fog gfot ggH 77 wf g fet ggg Fig - few 
fufoo HFM 77 g OIF I Fifed tfiog g fiw g orw 
orr-gow tot ft# mfe wor; fo fo gt g 
foOT-gg 077 - iH'dfo'Od (h 'U' de ) FTE 7 77 UHo( fAdl I 

for sf'H 1 fo fet uo'»l fofor fogg gt gffirg g 7 giro 
gfor gg <s * tdfl tftt g 1 

gfefeFF Fig Fffoggfo fog t 77 goor gt 
dfedd nfet Fig fe Figg ogy snog tfgg wf 
g g^fer gtFfi gnfe Fig FFotgHfo wfe fe fot 
go w irfog 1 hw frfo g git 1? g g i 9 ^tggt 

for TTOfo fo fo ffo Hdcf'dl , fTTUfo FTO Ud Udt d'H 7 

gti 

si Pah H'fod — ggw gfirg (Danish) g r fij3 
77 gfo ftf Fffog^ g gfer oftfo Ffo gpgfe fog 
glw fog 7 gi gfer fo- fo §fo uffe wfest 

fo ggg? 7 t, fog Ffo Ftorfe feg fe for 7 g 1 
uw ffo 1 tgggar Ffo rfofer for wfo Ffo 

gfod 1000 fo. ggfofogorgg'ruo tgggs 
Ffo 77 W fefot get fo" fo ogfofoor, hkw Ffo 
gfijffor ug ffo feongt og 1 

t77>Foor g 7 grfgg gg fo uffo 7 fe (Runie) 

fot g gfo fog gfttFF fopn 7 g ufo fe fe»r 
offo 7 gt Ffo fo ho fo fe, gggg 7 Ffo ufefig 




193 



tfcw H'fdd 



wtm 7 area 7 §# marwa W3# maw/fet arfe-uw 7 w §u 
few Wt I STTH'doi fed drtl H77t Wtm 7 feWW 7 ttdls/dl 
25.0 wt. few WW773 33 1 J7# W 7 m377 H3 7 850 3 
1050 Wt. W 7 *#! 

1050 wt. 3 rwat wfet # # # 1500 wt. #ar 
tfcw H T ftT3 W 7 #W 5P77 few 7 w WofW 7 Wl ttfeaf 
WWW WtmWdd'HWWt WT! 7 W'Jfel 3 77. 1000 wt. few 

a?# 3 fenyfew waTT wa a rtw 7 m3 wfe# nfa #ar 

fed H6 <^ 'm! fed 1 dlof’’ 3 fefdd'H , fedd'd m3 Hd 1 
3 dfe* ssfey sf'H 1 fed fed - \ fe?# dd<v<y fed 77. 
1120 at. wt maiawt Wnj Aelonth wt 3W7W ‘The Leg- 
end of St. Canute’ m3 77. 1150 Wt. tit dd<v 
‘Chronicon Roskildense’ ITHf? W3 1 

fewa^awt feWW'd 33 (1157- 1227) faT STS' 
WWW3 5ffet WrfoW gfo»fr faptfr ; frpr fo 
>33133 # 1185 3of wtm 7 f## 7 WW (‘Historia 
Regunn Daniae Compendiosa’ fefum 7 W3 OT-ydi wt 
§33 3W3 7 W #77HW W W r fe3 W 7 TT 7 #!?# few 3*3 
33 3, 16 few fefwm 7 faim 7 ‘Gesta Danorum’ 
31 few 3373 U 7 ^ aPW 7 ? 7 W 7 fear 33y3 WWW 3 
fW3 §# ofet ?t 33 VPS' of3 WafW 7 31 few few 
‘mHTTtw’ wt o(d fet afet >3373 WWTTtw# few Wt WWt 
tfet 3°T3Utm3 3 <Vdo( ‘WH773’ 3 T m'U'd debt I fed 
^3fe fear feWTi W'dfel offer ‘Hexaemeron’, (S 
fef3) fetft afet ft!3 few HH'd Wt QdU#t W 7 ^de* 
>H3 eftof 7 felfet qft#t afet 3 1 few arfeW 7 few 8000 
3 ftWF it-WW 33 1 

WTTHWW Wt WfWcTt SW fe3 33 # Od'e ddd 
U'Wfear 5333 33 # WWW# WTTWt m 7 3#t me^dl 
W # §3V3 tfel 33 1495 few tfcw 3H 7 Wt 

•s — 

UfWTTt U333 ‘Rhyme Chronicle’ SWt I few few W35T 
d'H 1 33 3 mtfer d o( m 7 U3’ 3773, Wfe3, >13 m3 

W.dcS'Gd: wt ofetmrf HS'O^WI 

fll^rtd Htr gfdrfew 3 T 3 7 375t33t <H> j dl<5l 
3^ ^3 33 33t 313t I <Sdfelo Hit wthf 7 dl'dfe m3 
gfe 3 few^ 7 fel-WTH 7 few feife m3 W75fU3 
3W3fe" -l(d 1 ft o!33 ^fetm 7 33K3 fePu'dlm 7 UW3 - 

S *s , •> 

*'<S' WWW few mfetm 7 , fefe ‘Lucidarius’ I fe3 W^ 7 
sC^-Odrt Hd'Wd Wt fe3 3H" few Hd[fo o(ld did I 
tl33 FPfWW W 7 fe3 3>f ^333 33 3 H33W333 
3373 WddtfT 33 few few few (Ballads) 331 
feffam 7 W WW 3513 333 3 W 3 7 3773 few WWfe W 
aw 33 33 1 few 16 fet3Wt Wtm 7 773133T 40 awfewW 7 
'3WHWt Wtm 7 33303’ 331 100 f3iW W 7 ufelTT 7 

waTfem^tJ 3 1591 few guwrfem 7 1 wfe fefem 7 wt 

HWK77 3W7W 33 fefTTW 7 few 33t felW few Sf 7 Wf 7 W 
500 3 600 3oT Wt felW3t W few 33 I fe foT WS 
#f33 3333’ 1939 few mdlddl fed Sift I fed}' 



fefam 7 fed sJOH'dof 3t HW o(«l 3 W33T Wt f3W3ft, 

wtm 7 ufeww wwKwtm 7 , yw-Bffetm 7 , fesrw 7 
mw waiawfe 3 m3 fefem 7 w awwr 3fe3 3 
wwwfem 7 feim 7 3 1 

3Wt WWW W 7 3H 7 wt m3 Itthww few 
oTTT 7 W377 3 fefem 7 wt 3W]3t W 7 HH 7 Jit I 3 few WW 

333 feSTWt 0W3W m3 fehWT 3Wt JWWW 7 few S3 1 

few W^ 7 W3W W WWW TTWt WU7733T3 yrtfedfedl W 
‘ ^5fW3W U'QTi U773H3 Wt G“3K dWcS 1 ‘Skibby 
Chronicle’ 3 1 ‘Visitatsbog’ few ^3 WW Gt Wofetwfet 
33StW fewt dfet Wl WWW W few ^3T few IWWWt WTF 
few f3at W33 333 ufetr 331 3fe 33133 wt fuft 
sli-i*' "S'rtl yW3oT ‘Den danske Psalmebog’ (1569) 
waHTit 3 Ti'dlcsl mws 7 w sfrwt afeti afe 

%HW7733 3TJ3 few 3W W 7 - WafeoT 33Wt ofet JTt 1 377t 
377t few HUWWWt TTfear W 7 33 333 fefW»F Wt 
fewsw 7 S77 ?ar farm 7 1 few W 3 T 75' 7377 fef333T m3 
WWa3t 3 7 fe3 W 333 few St W3H T 3cff W^ferW 3 effet 

Q^dl oftwt 1 few wif §77t3 uiafe - w afefe wafe 3 

3 7 3 7 -fefeTm T 3 few dawfelTior OpHUd 1 3313 oftwt I 
§3 33 W 3W5T 7P3t3t UWWTt m3HW 33 W+W 33 1 
s) fey soy W 7 feof wwawt 3Wor ‘Karrig Nidding’ feof 
3W3 3W3 7 Wl 

y773 iTW[33t 5P75 fed dOH'dd few Glil 
ofet wwi ultra 7 wwtwtm 7 w 7 mwww aafeai (1619- 
1677) Tit frlWW 7 ^cSH'doi few llfW3 33 r WW tJ33 
‘Den Danske Mercurius’ W 7 mwfew wfem 7 m3 few 
M3W 7 3 12-12 Ufwm 7 few S31W 7 Wtl WWWt 3313 
feat (1634-1703) few 33 W 7 fWW 7 ftlT ofet Wt t 
333 TTWoT wt m3 ftTW W 333 ‘Aandelight Sjun- 
geehor’ (# ftTOW 7 ) few HWlfw eft# afel SW3of W 
B33 few few 33 S33 5f3# dfecSlm 7 feyt»P afetm 7 I 

fus - w 7 # waw-feaw feww w 7rwof st few aw 

75WT I 

#33Wof W H'fddot fefdO'H few 1700 3 1750 
3of W 7 3H 7 'W7533WT 5377’ mWS 7 ## 7 W I 773? W UW 7 
w# utwa ware- wsfear WTTwaar (1684-1754) 3 
#f33 W’fera' W 7 ‘fU3 I H 7 ’ few 7 Wfe 7 # I few 3 #7THWcf 

www w 7 ww wft^m 7 # ftfe 1 w 7 # ^ 3^377 wfeww mow 

WU?7WaT3’ wfem 7 1 few 3 #>ft uTod few ‘Jeppe paa 
Bjerget’, ‘Den politiske Kandestob^r’ m# ‘Erasmus 
Montanus’ Sawftm 7 W93WW3 aWTTS 7 WW oft dim 7 1 

war# w # few # safe m# twstp w 7 maiwsft few 
mwww wfem 7 ! few wtm 7 femwrwwsf dw<5^ 7 tfew 

W T fe3 W 7 §33 WWW W3 1 ‘Peder Paars’ (1719- 
1720) few wt fear femaEWMar # wwrawt 3w?w wi 
few WTTS^ fewwt 3 offew 7 feg 1 fefwwwr m# W3W3 
S77 HW Hfem 7 , ‘Danmarks Riges Historie’ (1732- 
1735) m# ‘Moralske Tanker’ (1751) few wtm 7 mfe- 
Wtm 7 WWTT 7 ? 7 W3 1 




H?7 1750 E 1800 EU tf#H IFTfaE fUEEH 7 

uewIe'e >he feHfs 7 rnwe >m&fw 3r i fen 
on?- fen ehu >he hasTee 7 # ifenE feu iff W 

fEEt Hfet I for HE Et HcSlsHd.'d E W?U HH 7 # 

3 

Den Palriotiske Tulskur (1761-1763) fed feH'cV E 7 
f#HE r H 7 , EHEH 7 E 7 £dd'd', HUE gtPeT, £[F Et 
feEFEt W W e U? f?H few ?HE Eddd feu 
EHE?! eft# 31# I ftlH E 7 fe^fef E 7 # tfeF fewWf 
ft HE 7 ffe 7 W fUfe 7 ! TT 7 ?! EHH 7 ?! EHE (1942- 
1785) E 7 HUEtfe 7 Eyfer ‘Love without Stockings’ 
(1772) §H HF Et feu ftiH HU?! 7 Hftt EEt #1 f# 
EIFE 7 feE HW feu §EE 
&MHHA (1763-1827) E 7 HITE ‘Gulddaasen’ (1793) 
f#EU#t feHH E 7 U I 

3H'H<F#I feHT (1800-1870) tf#F IFFfUE E 7 
Hrtfodl CTHT Hfefe 7 H't! 1 Ul §H HF UEt feEH 
£ HUlM UfeE Esl'ddd foytlH?! 1829 
feu for §■ Sufeu cfetfe 7 e 7 ww nfofe 7 ferfe 7 ! 
feH E fu <V f#H HF E UUftfef foyfetfe 7 feu UdtS'dsi 
HEfo?! fEHJH 7 ?! (1789-1862), Hd 7 ?!ta 
EfH (1790-1872), fed^fd'U FEfd?! Hldcfedr 
(1783-1872), feU 7 ?! MsSfe'dl d'ylyddi (1791- 
1860), f^HUffe?! feUH (1796-1876) >H 7 fe‘ rHW OE 
feE 7 t tf#H EH 7 feu UfeE, E 7 ^, ?THU, 
dd'dlfe 7 fe 7 !# ft fenj# fjfe feUF# feE feHJ# 
H 7 ftT3’ feu UHUH EHJ 7 oftE 7 ! f#H HF E UEE E 
fowf #t feddd'HHdt OtlU E H# 31# I feu H?! UHt 
UUfet #yu EoT foTHUffe?! WHHT! (1805-1875) 
feE Ef#U feift T HE3 HE dCEtdoTdi'dd (1813-1855)1 
HH i HE 7 E E HHI# 1870 E 1900 EU tfcF FfoE 
feu UfeEEt^E E 7 HH 7 #t I f#H E 7 HU EfetT H's/ld 
(1842-1927) EFfcJfe 7 1 19^H^?M3EE3E>e 
20#f HEt E HE feu HFUE TEEE 7 HUt dtldd E 7 
feddA UHE U 7 # foyfet d7>fdEU?fUE77 (1857- 
1943) # 1917 feu EHHT ufettT fefe 7 1 f#H Ef 7 f#H 
E 7 f5'fEEEEHETlET(1857-1912)>HEdlHd 1 ^ E T Ht3’ 
(1858-1914) HrfE UE fw fotFEt' 3^ UE I 

EtEE!" HEt t cEE-UfoTEEtE^ HfE ?vE- 
dHETETE orTE fEE HEEE 7 HEt tr fefHE 7 feHW E 
feEEtHF t Et oTffH EE f5Et I feT HVT EE 7 ?! UEtE 7 
feyEt^F ?EE' EE'*lH fEMEWH H*H* (1873-1950) 
fecT^Uf 7 tfeFH'fddd'd Eftw EftETE 1944 fEE 
See U'tflid feyf 7 ! teeeote e t e t ee' fcTs# (1878- 
1918) >HE oTfeE H 7 feofffeH' (1872-1950) E (EE 
TEE d'dME UddlHdd (E. 1877) HIE E T EEtH T E EEEH 
( 1872- 1946) E f^ cfEt Et EE EE I EETEET feof HEt 
Et EU HE1E EcWEoT E 9tEEE fEE IFEEt oTrT HE E 
HFEE c5 7 3o(i EHjt h^- yr | §H E <5'do|' fEE 
‘An Idealist’ (1928) >HE ‘The word’ (1932) Ufttcr EE I 



E. HtE - (E. 1901) Hf# oPHE HffEoT HE 7 (E. 189( 
3E EH EE I 

20Et HEt # Wr E EET-EET SPEyfEE fEEE 7 

u 

# &EE fEE H 7 dfeT MeIe -J'cVH?; (H. 1909) EE 
TvEEoPE t otE 1 Eld'd >HE EOT f^HEl'W! I?!E (? 
1903) dd'dloCd t ?)'do(o('d EE E?7 I feE" Et offe 
E HEE fEE d'.dd* EHTyHE (E. 1915) >HE HffE 
orSFHE (E. 1922) HfZHt ^ET E UEtE EE I EE * 
HEE H 7 ! FfOtE 7 EETEET U 7 HE EE I 

E.U.->>te-. 8 : 459 ; fH. 7 : 54 ; ^tE. fE. >- 

3 : 372 

IfSK : feE feE if? 7 , U'HE'd >HE EEEH 
EUE 7 E E EH EH?7 EH? - fEHfEEtHf 7 UHy EE 
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3 1 feH EUE E 7 feE E 7 EEH E ‘Sergedenimes’ ■ 
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EE 7 E I 

E.U.-^fE. fe. 7 : 236 

#f?vB^Hoft, frtotrt'fc fe'otfel : hh E ft 

fefEETTE H'dHfe'E E 7 E?!H 10 EHHE, 1822 
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tfefe 7 1 feH feEHfe |H >HE H7EE EE 7 (Slav) # Us 
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cfet fEEW feE EWf#E HUE UH ' fed' HE I 

19 ?!EHH, 1865 # fddfe>H fey feHEt HE 

Hfetl 

H.y.-^fe. fe. H 7 . 3 : 371 ; ^fe. fe. 7 : 53 

#7# JHWTfT, §75^ W : HEfeE E ft 
EWHdl fe'EE 7 E feE EH 7 fefHPHfeft E 7 EEH 18: 
Ht. fey rjfefe 7 1 fEE MdUt d'H'-fefdlfe 7 # E 
fefe'dddl HUE E HH EE HH feE EHH7# fe 
fefUfeE UH fdd 1 fft I feH rtld # EH 7 fefdlfe 7 ?! fed 
EHEtfft fofe'Qci E’E Ucsl-fOMH 7 Et UHt E 




wfrat fa m fa#! i# warn aatsi'H a as 

for H cCdrt U# <V rt dHd ‘corpus Inscrip- 
tionum Etrusearum’ OHdof feyfU dd<5l Hy dldl I fen 

uhhh # ufa# fena 0 # # hh fus 1 1901 #.fea 
Ua 7 fed Ml W M HaU frfWH feH VHHH W 
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Ufa## 1933 St. feH - S' I 

Uy.->>te. ft. H 7 . 3 : 371; #7. ft;. 7 : 53 

Slrtl'HB', tTfeT CejfdcX : far Ufl 1 fed >HH 

HHH fefcPH# H 7 HHH 12 HW, 1790 § &#U fey 

ufeyri fen h tstw afe a 7 m'feHcPd afe 7 a fa - 
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HH feH HUH ftfUH HUH # I HH 1820 feH feH H 

feu hs 1 fef-yyffefe nab-rua a 7 Hffeaa'u did 1 , 

ftHOPf' fa HUH fen-fa 7 'cdd feH fWH fcJW 7 1 feH 
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vations (1823) feH SWaB - H HH^, ?W U# 
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HH 1831 feH feU HHH feu HS HH faUTH 

— cl 

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# SUH M UH-UHU SOia SH ufew HH'fedl H 7 
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# ?uh ntfen u faGTa hh auu ulthMit ^ 

H 7 Ha# fea - HH UTUHt Hf U ## U I HH 1836 fan 

tTfeHH H fea HUfaw UtW fydHyl H# HHd'fed 

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tH (U'ddlHcS) U# a«U oftH UH UH I 
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(Danae) : felaUHT >HHH T U feu 

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U.y.-«ft. ft. 7 ; 29 ; WT ft. 17 : 645 ; >fe. Mil. 8 

: 445 

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196 



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GP UE 1719 f%E ‘3*feEHE HEG E SUE" ETE HEE 
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‘EEEE %tOT’ (1719); ‘GP HUWpE fedlfoH 
^TT>r?7 ; ’ (1726); ‘GP Qttlfddrt fdHddl W GP HE# 
(1726); ‘gr UEE WZ GP fedifoH oEHEH” (1728) W 
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ePw ami feEE 7 fee 1 gweu el ekst fHEEp e i 
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fl#. 5 : 1487 

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(Debye (Debiji), Peter (Joseph William) : fEH 

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3r02'G".feH.; 30°28' U. EH. 

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(ugfoxf) gfo for fog fofor rrfofo faforr 7 fotr^ 
fgfofo ggi for ffor fto fog fonfo g trgg fox- 
uggfof 7 £ ^'d g'd fegg orgg xrg Hggg ocd< 
gg 7 ^ 1 fort fofo gfog xfo g'fofodi (for-opg g 
ggg ggfog rfot fo ggfo gfot foi txw fora 
ffoxg gg?r fo gg 7 ygfo for 7 fog gfo fo - g gfo >> 
dJl g 1 fojg oFhu ggg ugfonr 7 fog forgg 7 ?!, ygnr 7 ; 
xrg foggr fog gg gg 1 fotig 7 fo for fori, ffor ffo 
for >xg fogg foxr ugfoxr fo gfo £ wgg fo ffo 
gfoggg ggfo ggfo gfot g, fogf g^or fox- 
?7 7 fo>fo ggfog ?fot ggfgxr 7 gfo 7 g 1 

g.y.-for. fo. 7 ; 24 

tfoHlcSH , H'rt : fog, h 1 * fofo Hm - ggHcrg 

tfoHtfSfo ; fofo, ggg ggari 

; gggfo ffofeggr xiggg ffo 
fowlOfMH g y'FH'dfofofoxFr w ygg fo 1 fofogg 7 , 
gt gfot, ffojfot wjgt fo udfofocs gt gg? feg fo 
dol fo, ffor gt gfot ggt 1 fggg rrg 7 g Qh £ utt 7 
fgfo fo gt fforggfot g 7 ggw 7 ggfog g fo 
fotfogg £ ffor £ xth? ggfog 7 gforxri ffor ggg: 
rifot rrg Oh £ ffor g gfot fogr 7 g fogr 0 d gwOg 
gg fog 7 fo ffor gt fo fforr gg g gfor ffot ffo rfofo 
Qo gg g g^rg forg 7 gfo g 1 ffor gw fo gig g < 
fotfogg g gg £ fogr fo ug gg 7 ftw xrfo fog g irg '« 
gfgg fo efo £ fofotfffor fo Ifog 7 g gfot 1 

g.y.-WT. fo. 7 : 27 ; nfo. fo. K r . 3 : 462 

# Hfodi*, : ffor fogfo 

sgr^rg >xfo gfo^cod g 7 g?rg 16 gfgg, 1839 1 
fogg ffog gffofo 1 Ifogxr unjg ggg ggfo ffor g or? 
£ Of gfo xmgfofox 7 1 for 1864 fo ggifo fforfo et 
fofo for g^'Og g 7 for gg fotg 7 1 for 1871 fog ffor; 
wgg 7 ftpxvr foggfot gg ggifoenr 7 ! for 1888 t 
mfot fggfoggfo fo ffo? girggr uog fo fgfot ■ 
fofo ad'Od g 7 for gfot gfw 1 for 1906 ffor 'for 
^grfo fog fo ffor £ ffor g^gsrg ?fo xrofot r 
ggfot 1 fog mfo m g 7 oimr g^gg'd gfgxr 7 grn 
fogri 'grfor gg w’ (1907) 'rrggfo alfo (1908 
'fog nrfoxg xrg ffoF^>>f 7 gg , (1910), fo gfofofot fofo 
(1912), xfog fer? w uffor tt 7 ^? gg i ‘gt 
forg g^’ (1919), xfo ‘fot Ogg forg gg ; (1921 
gfot uggfo £ ferrgt irg g grw ferret U37ft 
Oof fog sraglfom 7 rft 1 

15 gg^gf, 1917 £ ggrft fog for fo gg 

gfot 1 



U.y.-fog. fg. xtg. fo. H 7 . 3 : 462 ; Wi'. for. 8 : 61 




199 



it, cfewUH HfeW 



#>ftfet, Wfe : fen nfgnt d'Acsa* wfe few 
y ytH 1341 fey fey f fa crfut r fea yfeWI feH 
y at 7 It 7 Wd£ I cOfST WAdlcS HUVftT feHlt HH 7 WW 

iatiff at i for fe way ny ^ftait wnfet fey fey yt 
Ujyfew 7 i fen hhwhw eg#WF hw at i fen fe 

6 yy UrT cfta 7 wfe OUH H§at oT§?7 ffewa eft# I fen 
§■ dfeddt WfaWTT fey H3t feBTOff Htl feH it 

wait feya ‘wife w 7 ^ witfewy’ (‘ycra-ww 

d'S 1 *’) fetd ofd j 6 fetd fey H'd 931 yity 7 d'd 

way-yy #yy fen 7- y 1 fen a itfe yw fen it ayy 
wfe ayfetw 7 fey §17 at yy wfe wyfet feur-arta 7 
fey fif at w afe feorg- feta 7 fei fey fa-fa 
wafera 7 wfe yfey at ww-wyyy aafeyfeyt fey 
wayy fee 7 yy at i fey mfe m y fw fa 7 aft 
w yyaryat aita nfeyf 7 yy at i 27 waaay, 1405 
§■ yfdd' fia utfew at Ha it mat i 

J.y.-ylcT. ft. H 7 . 3 : 362 ; >tl?r. >8>t. 8 : 430 

^HoTfeJTt : fa, rtofd'H 

HHfttH'cf Ufefet : yatt fet fecT 
fwt twit aaat 1 1 fet i 960 fey fen el - Hyyit 7 
d^fe'dt (Had 1 yfet yyitt HHfeHd ipyyt itfer tt 
itUH-aatw 7 it offati fen uwf fe way wary 
yaa at way aittwit hw ‘iafet erfetarit’ $ 
wfew 7 1 fey iratl' a aa fean avraya §■ ywt 3 # 
feefed c<dcv , wad 1 at ywdl fe afirw ay wfe at 

y Hd-d^Udft QdMdl' y d\dd"]c(d6 o(dcV HI fed 

orfeQrAHd' ?yw fen aj 7 y ft gista*' srait a w 
fey ituti 

a.y.-wr. ft. H 7 . 4 : 6 

itv^TfeoT f^irafecfcT ll'ddH : Hydd HHt 
^‘ny 3 1 uftfet ntd^yyit feytHt uwf nf i fen e 7 
yfe 1790 nf. e hj feyr w 7 yfe I80i-i825 st. 
eytt ^h ^ ^yr-iy fet irytt - # uh 7 tW yyt 1 fen 
£ fyygfeofit iryyf # itff 1 ct 7 ^ wt trfew 7 frfe 7 y 1 
fey WHcit fflijf fed iryyt s 7 yf" hw y 1 yyw'ij fedul 
yy^ §■ ^up^y pfet yt feyyfed* wuyrfew 7 

fep>ri d'HddUyt ^TlHdld* St Hdoj'd Ifey d'd e 

yfefe Hsfey yvtH fegyny y fen uwf yt nyfyit 7 
ofyit f%y yy 7 yyre 7 ?! irfew 7 1 Hit 1795 ffeyny utt 
gyit yyT yy 7 ?! feyyfeyit Hyi 57 i ^ yyfefetw 7 y Oy 
fey yfet wyy ynTO" effet 1 

fen yyyt y ufife felt d'Hdauyt yyynit 

(1801-09 ^.), HVfy HsftH7T ( 1809-17 Ht.JWtHHrT 
Hst (1817-25 et.) yyfe ufd-^y 7 it 7 ^ naud Hit yy 

fe^ - yt feyyff yyntfeor fewofet fey fenyar yyy 
Hit i Hit 1820 fey feuyfeyit yyyt y yfew 7 fey 
tit yfet i fey yy y wnjy 7 it^ 1 ‘ynitw feunfeyit’ 



yfe ffe y# y feyafeont’ yfew 7 >ny yf>ny 

fey yfefef - fecfHit yt Hyyy (1829-37 yt.) yy 
wryy 7 it^ ifl^fey uyyt yy few 7 1 

y.y.-nfy. ft. h 7 . 4 : 6 

tWiJ Hfe : Hfe fey yyat Htytw 7 y 
fey it 7 y Hd'.<otH y Hyy-Hcn>r y y syy yfew y 
ny ty 6 ~d yfew 7 yfew 7 y 1 fen y yyy-yyy tfe 
wd'Qd 1 ?y y fey yyryit nfey y iwy uit 1 fen y 
it 7 y yt fen y ^ few 7 yi hb ^ 7 nfey i 876 
yt. feyfHH^yyyry^yyyyyyuyfe^SoF 
§■ yo?y sret ayfew 7 nt 1 yysr 7 wtfht fey fey uferat 
yyy y Hyy-HoPH wy yr^yity yt nfe Ht 1 Hit 1918 

fey fey arayfetw 7 y wy 1921 at w 
ydfeMw 7 y sray yfew 7 ! Hit 1941 fey fey fey 
ydd'cstl fy wfeit y ferw 7 ! wy 1946 at. y fey 
yfey Hfetw 7 yryyyy y fey ay feiw 7 ! yy fey 
yfey ^iry y hV feyy wy ayor y yynt yi Hit 
1977 y 1 fey fey gitfeyftfet ntefey yi fey 
feddocdl, uay-yyfet, it 7 ^ wy Sy-itTy 7 w^ y 
tt fecr fey y 1 fen y yy ?yy yt fea feor wyfea- 
wa tt yi fet yt yy'y yfew 7 ^y 1924 at. y 
yyfetntw 7 yy ayyfew 7 fecr ? 5 Hory wjh 
HH 7 ittw + »at feHtTHut y Htr fey y 1 

wwt— 1^5,000 (1992) 

35°20' §■. fea.; 40°09' U. fea. 

O.y— ^ty. ft. H 7 . 3 : 410 

tfeoT ■ : fey yit at yt fecr ffena y 1 fea y it 7 
nyftt nat a HHya yaa yataait (Tybum) a it 7 
a fuw 7 y fauy ay fea Ha aa fea yit ?fet yt 
yfyw 7 yy Hti uagfetwa §aaar fea yfew 7 
ya yy iferar srait nafe y fefea y fear wfey 
afe 7 uy y a fe^a afey a 7 a 1 at fea ^Ha fe 
aaa y yy Od'd* »at yfew 7 yy y 1 Raa 7 , 
ayy ^fe feaftw 7 wftfetw 7 eatw 7 fat w 7 natfe fe 
tt tfecT yt ffey 7 afe 7 yi aw a gy aaa yfe aa 7 
wa afeta 7 w r fa fe feua faaa wa uy auafea wat 
tt cfey at ya fefet yat y 1 gu 7 a aaa 9^a 
wfe aa crait wat tt tfea cfey ^ ya fefet yfet 
y 1 (fend'd rfet %a srait) 1 

n.y.-^a. ft. 7 : 279 

#fe, orsMarr rftew : aaaa uar wautor 7 
afeaityftyftwyyta is wife, 1857 $ Gu'felG 
aar fea ffeyuHit a fefe yfew 7 ! fey fea aut yfe 
wfe few ?y tt gfeia yfew 7 ! Hit 1878 fea fey 
feyfefe yy y fry y fepwi Hit 1887 a fey 
fecrar fea ?yya yit fefer faw 7 1 




It?- feat 



200 



■HiH H'ft tfldd ra'ttddloid at fedd-rf' o(dc( 1890 . 
at, fell £ fecf'dT feat cTauaHTT a 7 Hdof'dl 
fa gw a sra- fan 7 fewi fair fen £ firarferr ran 
#fe#-ifent a?fe a 7 araa raaraat na 7 few feira 7 1 
cfet ^ ^ Haafera 7 at Oa#t nan sra# f^ feaa 
raa.di-W'dl <£o(l« <SH t)d^ OfeU trfePJfl 

yfam fen^-go #uaa w$ ?t cfet antrai at 
wwee nfat n §?# £ an qnt a w£e # agrfera 7 i 
fen tit na shf nn 7 fen fn £ tnfera 7 £ 
aafera 7 ! 

HIT 1927 fen fen OT <?c<'«>d g# fed! M 3 fecT 
ws% wn an ga sra few i fena 773 tit fen fme a 7 
gn #t cratT &er fwi ‘ratr rafet ara rafa rant’ 
( 1905 ), £ gfefe : fean era rafe ^tana’ ( 1922 ), £ at 
hM rafe nfet nfefe ( 1932 ) fen afra 7 ufntr fean 7 
am 

13 nran, 1938 £ feocdi fen fennt Ha n Hint 1 

• H.y.->>fcT. fe. H 7 . 3: 383 ; 4}?r. >H>t. 8 : 481; ^.Gf. 

>fa". 5 : 1457 

i% fxzf : ngaa anr ranafe 7 a iferBrarn 7 
anr fen fen w a Hfea a 7 ftf-nma n fena 7 
ife-anm 7 etna a 10 fe.nt. aya-ifen fen ni fen 
ofw raa ciaa On 7 crata nan fen ^arfera 7 ni 
fen an nfen at fean 7 a i fen Hfea a aya-uan 
fen faaa nafet ntr 7 raa 7 n i fen Hfea at Htcutr 7 
aran rauaa £ fen fatrfent Hfea a aa a nfat nt a 
fen a 7 w §nn ranfet want, asrafa- ewe afw 
nti ntr 1948 fen fen# nfeat rayfarara tfua an 

HcT I 

Wnfet- 27, 133 ( 1970 ) 

35 ° 27 ' %. fen.; 97 ° 27 ' U. BH. 

n.y.-^tn. fe. IF. 3 : l46 ; ^tn. MVf. 8 : 646 

ITFSoPH', : safe a fen fait nan 

naat a 7 ann 1 nan, 1852 £ nafer fen imra 
(Pamier) fen nfera 7 1 fen# raraa 7 afen ufen fen- 
fen ifeanra nsT ga nta 7 ! ntr 1885 fen nan rata 
fenatn a 7 nw nfera 7 1 fer 1893 fen »#aiafea 
^?H 3 ^->OTfen^,t^^SW^ 
n 7 wife nnaa fan 7 ! 1894-95 fen trnFafetnf 7 
naat nn niun 7 Ha'fffm 7 1 fer 1898 fen utrat 
fgntr nt nanra fen fentr nnn naat a 7 - anna 7 
nn'fe'Ff 7 1 KaraaT 7 nna ttn fen s’ ^n-nn nanra 7 
fen fen at >nnn a fen 7 1 fen naar fentr nan at»r 
nat an Han 7 trata ncffef 7 nanfetnr 1 

nanat, featat raa >)fn^>f 7 -aaTat at fatr-feat 
ndt £ nna an fen£ safe a an trata fnaaa 7 a 7 ^ 



hot nafe ana fen at fejaat nnat raa tata a 
gaanrtra 7 nat nt trnt tfiat nfnafet 1 fer 1904 fe^ 
fena naafetnf 7 trraa cfet nnfwn 7 ntot aftann 
ntat >na nrara-nafetnt not (8 >nqta, 1904 ) taa 
ranrra fenira sra faa 7 1 fen a tma tma fen £ 19 c 
at. fen gaaratni 7 >na an fennra aa nfe- nnat 
ast ana 7 nna 7 nan 7 faa 7 1 fen atj 7 fentr fatr _ ftia 
trot yfet fatr ana 7 £ fena 7 na fea 7 fat^ 7 a nfea 
nat ifer nn feaaraH" aiaan a 7 ga 7 aafe^ nt 
ucrtr naat n 1 fen ann na fen atra 7 tffafer 7 a 
nnnaaa cratr crratr fena 1905 at. fen nrua rani 
a ranatn 7 a faa 7 1 fena ranatn fun aantrt a 7 ni 
na nratr ar fen aann-feant nfnn aa an afet 
na I 909 fen fen hi? ana fen ra 7 feira 7 raa fen? 
nafetnt nnaat na atra 7 cmaatra 7 ntut nranfe 
cratr aat nOTfna nta nfentr a nraantr nafera 
feira 7 ! nr 1911-13 narat fen nnaat na 7 anaa 
nfera 7 ! fetf nfe fen gtr fea we a fen 
naarafet raa nafetnt feara 7 fennra ranfet ife 
crfen cffa 7 ! fen nan 7 nt ufna fenn-aT fet 
naafetra 7 a nfentntra 7 at naa ant aantrt feat 
at uina 7 ntat 1 ifer aa 7 ?!" fena na nan naa 
na rana nafera 7 1 hot 1915 feafenfewa t 
feira 7 1 

fen at na 22 nanat, 1923 £ natn fen trti 
fen nat 1 

a.y.-^tn. fe. h 7 . 3 : 972 

iM : nfetran feat fen nfefe nan a 
nat fea fen fear ra 7 aan au a ara 7 ni fenat uat 
fenataia atuat ufe a ufe 4.34 raa nn a nt 
Mdiddi 3.6 ni nr 1784 fen raaiaa wafana 7 ara. 
diosfdoi (John Goodricke) £ fen at atuat fen 
anafet at na ntat nt raa 1894 at. fen fen e\ 
featrarat fen rarnaat-yfenaatr nafea cffa ara 1 

a.y.->Jln. fe. ra. 3 : 453 

WWW fcid*' : fen tr 7 na au fen a. a 
nnntr aftf na aiat nfe- feww^w at tira 7 sal 
nafara 7 faa# unrara a 7 we #a ranre 7 aa 7 n 
wreQe we §anaa r an na (fennra tfet nt 
arat^rafefena 7 )! 

a.y.->?ln. fe. 7 : 209 

• #75^? : trtaaaaa fen arfea a 7 ## fea fen 
dd'a^n raa am fenyra nft afara 7 a £e nfera 7 nftra 
ar 1 fen at nnnjtr 7 1075 nt. fen cftat afet nt 
1246 at. fen fen £ nfeat raufarara fea ntri fen 
nfea # 1536 at. fen raaT trra" naa acnatr unfnra 1 
nt 1 lefet raa i7fet nat fen fen ^nraa ana nt 
i8#t nat fen aaraan fen nrar ?tr frra n feira 7 




201 



Stt'dift 7 mat 



wraTj feu utst fvrst u afe, sts ftu tua fuat u 
ftg- a<*'Q<? If fatt'-ft ftrqfccr H7W ur uua # 
u i feu feu ays ftatftr yafetftr few uutftr w 
UafUtftr US I fey - few feu S^S IPS, dlTyc) 
ferarrw, 14 ?t irct U" faianw ftfeu u S+ 

d<£c5<*1dl dS I 

IPS Uftfta feu Ufea feu UUr jjjr ofet 
W'ddcCd 1 feu fear ui 

Wet-86,278 (1983 W 1- .) 

52° 00 ' G. feu.; 4° 21' y. SU. 

U-.U.-WT. fe. >T. 3 : 973 ; MS. Mlt. 8 : 666 

Sw^ltSlw : feu PuGua gsrs u uu ^tr 
HPdd' feu MUS afeG U USftS feu Ua !TO 6 ift 7 
ftC[S S HSrfeftr feur ut I ftUS UUU Ur fear S+ 

‘tsutstftu’ u i uaut u Guau ua jus fury - 
fesr feu ut Hd'dd 1 *! us out uti fen uar u sysu 
fey- uu suar ftu staffer fust Gs s*s sustftr 
uut>ft uus utftr sfuutft + ww u?G u hus 

(Stfutslftu) feu s G fee us i feu ufr u?G §■ W 

afer fee - ut fe fe feu UHUS feu HSUF ut sfeftr 

cfel 

P.y.-MS. ft. HP 3 : 452 ; ’tft. MH. 8 : 628. 

5«ydoi, ScxvttsJ :„ ; usHst u feu aw 
fefSTftrst W USU 26 Usfet, 1842 S UJUft feu 
ysau (Putbus) feu ufeftr i feu yfefu aus fefspftst 
ut feu s fuu-ymft uurfe afe ussruuar urar 

UU7U W ftfaftS offer I fen £ ftS ftG USfoS feu 
firfw uoru aftut i fes 1870 G 1912 uar feu Gu 
yrtfedTHdl fear hhP^u ftG dttS'UHar aw fefuws 
ur ytus faun us 1871 feu feu s yufed ftG 

g7Ufe SW U ftrysf ofTTRoft ftfaftS S UofeUU 
offer I 

H7T 1986 G 1993 US'S feu S ftrifet yH^cf 
‘Grundries der vergliechenden Grammatik der indoger 
manixhan spachen’ UrT Putt'd' feu feUTU cfldl I 

fe 1904 fe Hfe 1 twuuor s' yruur UUUr nfe 
uaue uur fe ^Tor-aucU m rwfewi feu fe 

yU3of ‘Einleitung in das sprachstudium’ U 1- dfeUUJ 
yfdldfe MU Pdd'tt^l UUF ffU offer fePHT | 

3 rl?7Udl, 1922 ^ feu feU feu fe HU U afet I 
tr.y— m?7. fe. >r. 3 : 445 ; §W. wr. 6 : 168 : WT. 
ft. 7.196 

#7W*0^dH<i : rraUTTf U - feu feu fuft 
OuMPdld ufeu U H RdUS - U ugu feu 15 fe.uf . uf 
fat u tafet ufew u uu §fe ^few u i feu ufeu 
uucft uu u 1 ufeau y^'w 1254 st. feu feeu’; 1 1 feu 
ufea GttsJsyddi u fefeof e wsd'S' et fear hut u 



fear uuotutu few u uftfe - feafeu ufe^r 1 H?r 1371 
feu feu# ufeu.ur u'daa fufeur 1 u^t uast feu ufea 
arfet feufuu u fep>ui fea 1945 feu fut usrt uaT 
uaua feu ^ua fafeuruftr u - aue .ufori feu 
Ufefr UUofr UJjftfr dS ftU ufea feu ttdl y '.dl feu ^ 
aa auutar uu#u u?7 1 

G^feT uut u ftu feu ufea ur OafHdilofdi 
u? ufeftr feu sua feuut feapu ua feu fef feu 
uur tfeyri Gfe, Uaus - , araar, ua urfe ufea 
uufe u feaureu fe fw feu fosafeau few afau 
ur fear yfuu uua u 1 aruur, fuaua u - uauu ftu 
au'Pufeoi ^ufe ut feu feara affetar feufea | 

yfUfet— 71 ,888 (1983) ' 

53° 4' fe. feu. ; 8° 34' y.UU. 

a.y.-nft. ft. 7 : 206 ; >MU. fe. U. 3 : 450; >>ft. fe. 
U. 3 : 977 

#3f5Vf^BT, Uirtldfe : feu uaufear ur pru 
urfeu 1460 feu ys'sl ary ?ffe feu afefea (au 
feararffeufe) feu ufeyr i feu yruut feau ‘Behinat 
ha-dat’ (UUU ut y^ci'tt) odd* UUU yfuu fefejU I feu 
yuuar feu feu fe craw ufufer u auuuru ut 
wttus 1 affet i feu. s' ueu-Gfeaf yraafet feruuua 

yfu saar yfetau (Averroes) u ua atfeyr ur Gsu 
offer yfe mauf ^ yuuar ‘ Pysica’ ut waist uua 

feufewlwoffetl 

feu utife urfeu 1497 feu U^fefr feu ust I 

rr.y.-ws. fe. ft. 3 : 450 

, HtH.6 H'rtHcbcb : feu UftHfoar 
>>fe fefepftuar ur usu 1591 feu §fet>ft, au 
fed'cTftfeftS', f%y trfeftr I feu ftftfet farau ‘Masref 
lehokhma’ anas uuu yfuu afear i feu yuuar feu 
feu s' utffeuu uyubft g- sohuu ur ua fo>ft i 
feaa fe ymr u afet ufear feu utfarauar fet uu 
affer | 

fes 1655 f ym feu feu ut ife u afet i 

a.y.-wr.ft. Hr. 3 : 450. 

#f? T Hl>U r bTfet : ft. dafe' u uuu-yaut uu 
Gua Huutar ut uuut uu u s# feu feu Huarura ut 
fear ufet u 1 feu ur s+ ruauu uwu ufet ^t u 1 feu 
ut uufet 48 tar.ut. ftu uufet 26.6 far. ut. u i feu 
ufet u feu feaunur fty- ^ >hu feu u yau m 
fesurar irfeGtu u feu u fear fea fua uMar ut 
■d'flust ftyu ^rfauft ui ftfeuTj feu uuut ftautar 
aiuauT u us - ftu utfaftr ■d'w yua us n's sat 
^utftr yUddl'UUT uufuutui 

tsferftr yr^t ut uu 1502 ut. ■ feu 
^'HuJldFur ut ft.datac u>fts ut uut M'dd 1 Ga^ 




lwtM3 (affop-) 



202 



M3?ff§ 3 tv fo 3 for oTFPW 3 fofo Fltl for felT 
033 dwt wfo 77' 3W FTWFr 1544 fo. fw fo 
M T fo>F Fit 3 §ft 3 3i»r to 3 gay w 0333 
ww sow' sfo fo for owm at Rgnw aftfo Fft i 

fer 1875 fw udddralM 7 ' 3 au aw ayfoTT*- 
03333^53, WTOIm*", M3T3W M3 tw Kofi- 
fWoT r 3 fo" H3I3 W 3333 at H§t 33t 3 1 

3.U.— M3. fa. FT. 3 : 441 .; >H77. MH. 8 : 648 

# 7 S T : for, wNf iw 

(tTfo’Jf) : focT3 3W M>foo3 3 

fwat-yafo fro w afoa ai fo fo Mfot fot 

HfoHcT 3fo FTFT3 HWt 648 fo. Fit. (405 Fft?7) O’! 

for a Fra^t gw fcw»fr§w- 3 1 for fo 

try fo ygfo Fry foQwdof fo Ffeaat ap§fo fw 
FtFI33 377 3 575 >it. fo §fofo §03" foarTTfo 3 
fvidfo OSTO fW MWW 33 OW ^ SdFlfofoa 03W 7 " 

fw to w fofo ai Sw^Ma or§fofo fw for 

afaM 7- Ftfo W ofo FTtrfo fcoTttatM 7 " 33 1 Odfo M3 

ugfo enrfo a ifo 3 fylf for taTWMa apfot fw 
aw-ow fo for fw wra 7 " a fot fer 

U7> fH73t ctt'ir- f* Q M 1 dof , U77fo7#7for— fefolfof 

M3" tTTWMa-fcf" H3Fft fWTfor 3fo W" § M3T 

fo fop- fw wra 7- arfrfo 3 1 irafo, oafo fw fo 
wyd'Qy afo3 for MofofoM3 wfo 3 ira ata - 3" 
fed'fort oayfe 3" 3Mfo ufvra 7 - ufo>r to ofo 
wfop- Wfo fw M3" ^W^Md" 33 fw 3 3" SW 7 " 
M3 foTfo W" fofo fW 03 Hfo 31 M3T foH33 

Frfo fo for fo oarot oaa fw w frfo 3 1 for 3 
Mat for OT 3£ '§3 r 3fo>F 333 fo 2.4 Fft. (8f3) 
3fo f^HT rTfo 3 I Mdfo ftfo fw for fo 3^fo ufefo 
rt'rt yo 3 ^tr Hfo- 3 1 rjj? ay ufot 3 sws" <^> 1 <h> 
3ffor 3 M3TUTO 3Wfo fo y^tM^ 3Btfo 3cT I HH33 

s# for 3 1 " yy^ t j »3»t for 3 1 Myta for MHfMat 
33 1 " # M3 FiafoaTa 3 33 §33 5«.'<9 m 3 «fot fw 
fwt?7 3 flfoa-l 

for 3 I 3 M 1 - rrorofot wat to at TO3 an 

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srfear My aw-aa, (ferfew) a?fet foya w away 204 



for yfea. yt 1804 at. fey yfey 

fyojHyl yfeMr y uaa w £ pay ait yt i 
fere ww £ 1807 at. fey ifeyt fey fua fear 
Hora - yy^'few yf i I9yf net y fly y hw fey fey 
HH^y Hfldi'y at i fefe y ymar y yifw few ffeypr 
yrfy aay (1834 at.) w fyyy flysayfea y yfcat 
fyat y si'f^fe" feua yfe^jy afeMr fi-wyr ai hpt 
1903 fey fey £ flfea y yy y feaTfly offer ferw 
Ht I 

>K 1 wt-i8, 780 (1980) 

40° 18' fe. fey.; 84° 04' U. fey. 

a.U.-fey. ft;. - Hr. 3 : 444 ; W7. Wf . 9 : 662 

tf&yr mb’ (ffeptfw) Cfefet- 

feyS" MU75" §7^y : gByfefer y fey Gait 
yfefery y yyy 13 sawt, isoi £ feaifey fey 
feyy fey afeMr 1 aa ygw fey fefeMr yojy arypr 
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fefyyr yyy offet 1 yy ya iy yt fearat affet My 
1829 at. fey syt (Soldi feMw fe yyyyt ifer fey 
W fdl'H 1 ’ I 

fea 1830 feyf5WW4dstcS £ fey £ fferffay 
yt feyt y yrfeyr fe^ jfef feor feytfew yy 
yftpjfr 1 fey Harfe yfe fey yt fyyf fairy fa fey £ 
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ffeyaw yy few y fraa afeMr 1 yyyt at fey fey 
yyy yarw My yyfew afeMr ffeyat yffeyr yw 
yyy 1 

fea 1835 fey fey yypftyt traa fey w fep>r 
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feyy yTaryyttaiw fey yywa y yyya y# §aaft 
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y? ufeiyjfi fey Hit y ayy yyyy arana 
yryuyyy fe fey feft £ fafyaar fey feor ador'd 
yffeyr y 1 

fea 1843 fey yyyy J yife fey gwy yyr y 
yfew fepjyi fer 1846-47 yyy yyy w syfe y 

yyf feffer yyfeyyy fy>ry y yfer y^yy y fry ?ry 
ydd'cslyy »fe jgyy y nyy^ft- hw f%y g^T 3 ^- 
w fepyr 1 fey yy ywyy <t yuTr ^yy wiy ry y hhu 
yrryy yr yyyyferiHy 1848 fey yife y ywyyj 
ayfe ygyfefe £ fey £ yfeyysor yrnyr y wfe 
oryy wfew ^y feyi fey oryy srayfetw fe rufe 
pro 1 yfer yy fyfe My p^y £ yny yy 

>yrU3 offe ^yr 6Hd?7 ggvy w fiwt I ' 

Ay .1849-52 yyy fey nyyy yy fet yyyy 

y Myy y fey 1 fey orw fey ufycr fefyyyy-yqt 

y?5yy mh cfyy?r yyfHMry ysti hp> 1852-55 yyy 
yyyy fey yra?feyt arafe y nay Mfaopy yfe 

ifeat y Myy £ feyi yy 1858-1865 yavr 
ocrtHddlcSuy fey ayrgy yy yy yfe 7 1 fey Haiy 



fey yy-nyy y fepy ! y?r 1871 fey fey§- ufefa yt' 
yyyt ffeat 1 fey £ ‘wfefe Mra yfeorfea' iD-rayay’ 
pyfeyl'yyyor ytfefeti 

23 Hyt, 1872 £ otm fey fey yt fe y afeti 

a.y .— >te\ fe. 6 : 991 

sfrtrt, H'feldH yyyy ayr 

MKafey y fey yayfery yr yisy 22 yyyy, 1861 £ 
§ay r anr fey nufeafete fetr afeMri fey £ |ya?r 
My ufay fey fyftnfr iHuy offet 1 fey Myator y afe 
feylMfe y yyayoi fy y<i'0'<i fey fefea yay 
ufycr yfeMri fey ofet rrw srwa «y nfey fey fer 
My fenfe Swaps y yfefe M^ay fefylMH fey 
fyfeMor yy yy offer 1 fey yf gyfef ygy 'ej- fed'^w 
Maa ufy’ (1894) £ feoryr iiyayat fey yy yry>w 
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yfeay’ My ‘yt Hcrfey’ fey ytM 1- ya ua uyy yayfMr 
ay 1 fey y fey £ na Htfeor fyfyy y HaTKana y 
yy yt yyfeMr y far ^'feaid* fey ‘arw ryfetat’ 
feyyi 

14 ?feya, 1944 £ nyryfeay aar fey tyay 
fey feyyt fry a afet 1 

a.y.-W7. tw. 6 : 480 ; ^f7T. Wf. 8 : 419 ; >«y. fe. 
Hr. 3 : 355 

iwf,- H 1 ^ : yaw ayr (iray) y hww yy 
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hww ya §y yy aayt (yyy) y Mytaay fair # 
a i fey yt feyfet nyya yy y 1 260 yt. y raaiyar a i 
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y^yriryr^iH^ldi'HrytMTHifeatMyd'y' yaw 
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uyrM y 3a y Hyga yt 1 fey arafe fey faw ayfe^ 
fapyr fey ££ yayarytM 1- , yfeaytMT, yafetyfMr 
My Malay yyr y argy fao 1 a 1 

12° 2' f. fea.; 75° 111' y. fey. 

a.y.-fgu. 3T. fe. 11 : 241 

36(S , tTfeT : ffeta y fey mayor 

Mi OWoT'd y yyy 11 Moryaa, 1817 fefeyyfey 
afeMr 1 fey fe Harawa awr, Mrcafeay My feaiy 
crwy,-fe^a fea fefeMr yory aftyt 1 

fea 1847 fey fea feyy <nw fey w y fray 
ay feTMrifea 1841 y 1877 aar fey ‘yyfyy' MHyry 
y Myfea fad 1 1 Mruar fey hh" fey fey ra Myyy £ 
aay aavfra fuMy yy fey My fey yt fearat 
HHopyt mhw yt fearat raw yy aw g- gjst yt 1 

22 ?feya, 1879 £ MHary fea ferfet fly y afet 1 

a.y.->fe7. fe. 7 : 187 ; M?T. W). 8 : 607; nfe. >fea. 
4 : 319 




SW : Ayofd as wfefa 7 s 
ss-ow feoff yst s fen yaffyora s 7 ssh 24 
ssyat, 1913 et. s fsfwaa elzrar fey- afewi 
HdildoCd' # yfayy fey as was feys was fiia 7 
a 1 waars yss st fttfw ayy cffati fey a 1 
fert'y for s afet tfe yy yy ay 7 a yt yafta st 
fttfw ayy atati fey was yHaars swatta 
was huh uftttr afew 1 as 1957 fey fey s waTta 

s 7 ‘yfs-jwa yfets’' fefswi fey s aat wafta-sw 

— •> 

yt fey fife ‘The trial of at Rouen’ ( 1955 ) >m ‘HSS 
ys' ( 1961 ) wfsi fey st yaffa-ayw feyy aaa 
yi'ddirt yfe aw y'w H'tH 1 cvrt ways at 1 fey a 1 
fes w feys yyy rafts >yy as wafts yt afaw 1 

a.U.-^tTT. fe H 7 . 3 : 450 

: fea 1 <6 5! s' fey saar s 7 h< 5H 
safes 1543 at. fey syfey fey afew 1 fear any s 7 
§ss s 7 ares 7 wt 1 ws 1580 fewfea fey 

yftta aTW-arfe feryfet gs yfer wti ‘st yrfes 
di'dA'sf wy sy yfe stsfefe’ ‘st di'dA'sJ fey 
s/lrt'ylfe fey stw fefed'yar arEF-apfe assay as 1 
ws 1596 fes was st afet yfe fey fey s ary- 
arfe ocdri fews yyara st sawiyTt Pissst ast yfe 
fey fair fews dirty ayw wa c?a feat 1 fey st ayw 
‘st say aryi.dfe (2 sar 1597-98) wafer 7 y <t'Qy 
OTyyft ‘awr wa atfeaf (1600) afyy s yyy ?aw 
way ayst ai , ssst stw an-doc yaa yaws 
fawafes as 1 fey s arfe-afayr fey srfya 7 yis 
3 w-fwa s 7 yary a ss far dirty fey ssst wh 
sfes w fearas yrt'oi'd' s fesas 7 a 1 tsst 
fewaafer st ya'fey afoyry § fesa* fey yt was 
yayyafysrai 

ws I600 fey fey st hs a afet 1 
u-.y-fer. fy. h 7 . 3 : 450 ; fety. »nt. 8 : 624 ■; 

^7T. 4 : 325 * 

t^TT : fedirtsi st stst ^yt ocO'dl a fsayt 
yd 3 T *>d T s stjs-usyt tyfesfy §ya yfeyr ai 
fey s tfey w&PFft, yay fey yyya w 
yyaya ocQ al^r aari yiamaa aas yif 3 1 fey s 1- 
UEnyaft ssa ai fey ar§fet sr yyaas- 6,711 
y.fe.Ht. yfe >>^ 9 ^ 9,66,200 ( 1982 ) a 1 st 
ds fey^ afet sfi- s farfear ^yffe a 7 r 1 fey feyy 
^ fy ysa as fea# sy sfyy Ayirar yw ?t as 1 
^ys'-tfevft fay ^aana d'i* 'ata sfey yaw 3 1 as 
feayFf^^>MS>Hy 377 365 yt. fyn- 1 fey fey 
fea , 6 io nt. 4 \ ffe ai yjyrww a feyst 
f- fe fet 520 yt. ^i e'yst ftfer rofea isw safe 
y fe drtl ysa t fay afet ^afer ^aarfe as 1 garyw 
fe-yfet >hs fertodH ysddl cTsfe Hrt'rtlmrst fey 
y ocd* a? 7 1 H'fdrtl ysfe st yrafesw s 1 - aa 7 ya- 



tssQaa 

yywfssaT^feanfii'rdy tisast yfdrt fs'afet 
Piddl'd' as 1 fey oC'Q'Jl fea astwt wt arfet Haaw 
aast a 1 fea st 30 atnst yfwst fea ay-aptr arast 
ai itwfw 4 t sarfest fmrs^t ^.| 

usfefya jfeet asa a 1 fea htt >hs sa jfet 
yy as fes as 1 # 3 " afet a? 'Q aT fey w afet fest 
a 1 fey 3 1 fees yfdrtl aaa fey Pfet-aws w wt 
few asss a 1 fea yferr yt fess as 1 yaawa fey 
I2^t y I 7 fef yst yar afet ayt fest aat €\ i 9 ?t 
yst star fey aaa fe ^ 1 syy, yst, sa 7 , fea 7 , 
waists safetas as fey aa ys > hs afet ayy 
fefefet yfaa 7 fey asa sfeys ya ffeafetres 

o — 

way iss ^wayaa , ysfetwa, Haswyys ^hs 
yaawa ?afe yfaa tsaarfet yy-yafet, ssfet a 
afefeti 7 fe feas a afe 1 fey fair as‘~fsaH T a’ as 
? 7 fe fea Pfefefei 7 w did 'fed ay Aar s feas 
W'rtd: fe a 7 yet 1 Hddi'u' fe few wiayaa few 
gafeafeat ^t yarfya ai waaya fey a if fes sss 
anssa'i 

a.y.-^TT. »nt. 9 : 40 ; ^is. fe. H 7 . 4 : 48 

^rtUcT? : fea ^'Hdrtlnf 7 s ayyfefe 7 yy s 
fafefay fey fear wsaai'd 5 " fsaat ay yaa s s# 
Hayf sfyw 7 s wafe §s wsyyas yfaa a so 
far.wt. ygy-fsa-yey fey aar sraya > na 
swrwas 4 ft sfe as vraar Qs yfyn 7 9 "i fea 
wfefes ^rt asfet >wa yysat saar sfer .asi fea 
cedis, ^yy, afeta, y 1 PTh atafer 7 ay-iity 
^'rttm 7 yts 7 , wlfera ms fevraat sary fawa aras 
st^ ywra 7 as i fey s 7 fy^yy sarfeat a a aw 
st Oswa sat yfea a i 

, W T a r St— 21 , 424 ( 1981 ) 

41 ° ir fea; 146 ° 21' y. sa. 

a.y,-w)?r. fe h 7 . 4 : 49 

#^<Siras : fsfstsa s fsat a^ fey yfet- 
anra 7 asaara s fsa 4 ft »ryw'a s 7 
> wa' aa a i fea sst s 7 hfe 7 ^t a i fey s >tfK aa a 
‘?saa 9 a' 4 t fea 7 sfe 7 a i fer 1886 fey feyg - aa 
y saw aars 3 fe>>Fi msas fea ^atw ya-yyfe 
yw yysat aa > Ha } >fSor 7 aa aa ssnisKifetf 7 yw 
yfaa ai ^as-ygn 4 ft fea fea ys afet »rorAfe 
cS'rt" sfedf 7 3 few S' i feyatw afet yt feya yfaa 
yrs yfe wfew w yars 7 S^i fsfstsa fey 1350 
at. fey yfoAl ya wa W'Qdl sa, fey yfaa fey 
§aa ys, fey yaat fea fea yvnaa Pfes a 1 

Wafet - 20,400 ( 1983 ) 

36 ° 49 ' fea.; 174 ° 48 ' a. Sa. 
a.y.-’jts. fe a. 4 : 49 




OWH 9*1 fey <! 



■206 



tJ’cfiFJH t^tfeoTcT : fey aret- 
feararret, yyfyyy (fay re & ylfedi w 
yfe-feaarel t fey rw foartreo afe are^feoid 1 

anfe ay cTdoT UfHM O’ I Hfe-fefaiapya are 
fey arfaa dol(Slo|i yt WET at fey y at HJ afeft 
yti 

few re h6K 1 rPr, 1866 £ HdH^dd (Stam- 
ford) fey Sfewi m 1892 fee’ fey y tors 
yyfedfkcd 3" a'cRd<f yt fsTdldt aW offet 3 1899 

sa ft at u^'O't" frer 3- fey fereat yyfedlHdl 
fey are fear i aw^ yufear uwa, fc^reaa fey 
alayifeyw antfofyy re refey Hrefire aay fret 
fen y awdft fayyatfafa (^'fiddidy) 3 1 yret 
H3 T Fg3 T fet UW oftsft I fey fey £ 1904 3 1 1934 Ft. 
3or gyfoay re fwaayy yrefear >83" gyfyaH 
fdopd^-arfey (1910-34) rerftre atrei 

for y #?-nfwfe y arftjafy fey at arfaa 
3ata arvafei ware y areat ygt§y atfear ggat 
syag aw Hy y afare ferry at yw y few et 
yyat sft-f 1 i araat feyy ‘aatfeat fey fayyy j 
gyfyay’ t i9ii) ? fey fey y nyyt wes 1 yf 
arfefeare air gyre feaya ata are fey y arena 
y at fey y few ata 1- fa yyfya few yt =?aa 
nyyt yyy fey gw aa Haafh 

fey yfar iffexr few ‘Rafeyataa few fey 
hOw agay a grtfearwytafr #afeyy’ (1899), 
‘gyfeay’ (i9io) ‘uatfeat fey fd«y* j yfifeay’ 
(191D are ’yfet feyy are feyy feygatSy’ ( 1923) 
uyi 

19 saaat, 1944 y a?re yufaor aarga. 
r<sQacdoi fey fey yt Hy a oreti 

g.u— ala. fe. vr. 3 : 396 

§7 : fey yfycr arreaa, fewy, 
feayya my yreaare re yyy 3 arafaa, 1838 y 
gafey fey afeari fey y arefe feyr afapaaa 
t^afc a fefyar yore atati gy 1856 fey 
oiwngal fey fey y fea ayay ?y arerre yfey 
Hf atre are arere fey gafey, yfetufea, reytvra 
> H3’ Hdddl'd d fea affey odd 1 I Hrt 1863 fey fed 
fyafejy aay fret aw HfFt aafeay, fer 1876 y 
wy fey aafey y yfet afeya rfey afet afew y 
yyyy feri w 1883 fey fey y nrefey s - 
Hcsyry fey Ffrr y ya taiy are yrrfy yfey afe 
aareret ?aFa fefaar are fey y tay (Jena) fea 
afeari ny 1884 fey fey yfedoiaa wPr G<H>d7>yddi 
farar - are gafey yre y fw arefet ire ya §a at 
fed 1 I 



fyafe §y y frreat are feyay 1- aaya ^3+ 

feataa fefe ‘Zwei Konige’ (1867); ‘Tiberius 
Gracchus’ (1871); ‘Luthur’ (1883); ‘Zwie Shakespeare 
Vortrage’ (1896) arfei wre fwyarfirea feyy 
Hyyutafa y csrea’' y yawy tf fey aryyry aty i 

23 Hwrel , 1894 y uyy fey gyfey (are 
yaayty (Szczechin) fea fey yt ire y afet i 

a.y.-ata.fe. rr. 3 : 507; ar?r. aar. 9 : 44 

t^ylz, aifwy : yarret y fey afyara, 
^feaaaa are Hyya y 1- yyy 11 aramy, isoi §• 
gafey fea afeay i tyafe (rfe fy#jy) ufaare fey 
aa ^t afet afrfa afrare aa ayi fey afefeaafsw 
?afea tyate re a dire yti fey y ayuy yfey yt 
gfayy 1819 at. fey gafey fea fea ^aa 1- aftyare 
yyatytifer 1844 y 1852 yare feyy tyyy fea 
Maaa are yay refeaaaa yy ay atre i fea 1852 y 
1870 Ft. ya fed awHafet (Karlsruhe) y afegfeaa 
re refeaaaa fere feare fa fea nayyyay arure Ht i 

fey y Hayatay y tpzw re ygyy are fey 
aryrey atre i fea afere fearayt yt fey y yawy 
gfeaa fey of feare re feyya nfey fey ^aay 
atre i fey Hgy fey fey yt yyya ‘feyoat arre yayy 
aarefea arw’ (1848) gayafmrai 

4 arayga, 1877 £ awaaFt (gy yorret fey) 
fea fey yt >re a afet i 

a.y.-^a. wr. 9 : 43 ; ata. fe. re. 3 : 506 ; ala. fe. 

7 : 344 

5«edTc, MfHW : i9fet Hyt y fey afera 
arreare re yyy 4 rrega, 1803 £ gafey fea 
ofear i fea fefeu arfaw are aw apama Jfedt'a 
re area gafea taata re datre yt i fea 1821 fey 
afwt rea yyafea fea yay 3 apfear 1 fty 1825 
fey feyy afefa arreare iaatar gawa yyf fearre 
aorefeaai gyy fyatafea are oggaar fea gy of 
1831 fea fea twy agy forari fea ferrre 
1868 Ft. fey, araat ferefeoya 3 a aoa (reat) 
afeoa ?w hw fw 1 feyy nare are yare yy 3g^ 
y W odd I aia y ?) T aa i ' ‘Torquato Tasso’ af3 
‘Egmont 1 afe garnitafa y ‘Syfea’ afa fey feyy 
add afyat fewt 1 

7 arairre, 1872 y iysfy fea ferret ire a afet 

v. = •* 

a.u.-ata. fa. h 1 -. 3 -. 506; ala. attf. 9 : 44 ; ala. fe. 1 

: 344 

s«sd7c, ocdw >nfelH<l : fey are'oca y 
yyy 5 arDre, 1797 y gafere fea afean fe 




207 



Mf-ddsi #<ddPd M 3 # 3 dTd W S 3 7 M 3 - 

‘Byfe^ Sidl'd W sf 3 l-H' HPl 3 ?T 1819 fey feH 3 

gcTdfer fet fedr M 3 1 ory Mnjyr *#375 

offyi 375 1821 3 1871 3 oT . fey 3 3333 , 

ol'dttH^yl M 3 #7533 fetr ofh 3 t I feyfe 

ePsjfdoT few? 3 ‘Wallen Slein’, 313 3 W M 3 
ifayUpM 3 3 ‘fedT 75 pM 3 ’ < 5 'do<' fey 33 of 3 ^ 333 
vfaPfP 1333 offypl 

3 MHT 33 , 1 872 3 y?fe 3 fet feyyP H 3 3 dfeP I 

3.y.-M?T. MH. 9 : 43 ; M3. ft. H T . 3 : 506; M3. ft. 
7 : 344 

3 <Sd)‘c, HoTH : 3 yH 75 p 3 fey M 3 T cT 3 3 1- 
3753 12 3333 , 1857 £ 3 ? 3 f 3 fey yfeM 7 1 fey ufafe 
M 3 T oT 3 63375 t^ 3 p? 3 r 7533 T 7 yp I Opfe# ^ fey 
Hdrl 3 .slojfdoi pH«d 3 <Vdo( ‘Die Jungfrau von Or- 
leans’ fey 3333 3 373 fey M'PdM 7 1 fey <Vdo( fey 
1878 fe 3 #333 fey tfeM 7 fdTM 7 I 3 *M 3 fe 3 1882 
3 cfep nyy for 3 ^Pmw 3 333 T ylydd fey $3 
offy i 

feH 3 313 , fafo 3 M 3 HofmPtM 3 3 73301 + fey 
33 + 3 °T ffHoTfe - foyfepM+l feyfe 33 + 3 or ffeoTfe - 
fey ^P 333 ufatff fadfe inT o(do( HoTHypM 3 3 
‘ 3 lK 3 T MTS' 3 p fat’ Ty^cT fe 3 fey 3 oTH 1 ?? c (3 

feyfef ypi 

13 B 75 , 1929 3 3 fe 333 W 3 fe 3 f 3 (Chur) 
fet ffefeP H 3 y 3 fef I 

3.U-M3. fe W. 3 : 507 

: 33H75P 3 fair 3H' Pdof ot'rt 
3 M 3 r of T 3 3 r 3753 15 31433 , 1784 £ 33 fa?T fey 
yfeM 7 1 fey airfeM+ 3 + tor 6(33 ^ yfe ^3 
fey Of 1- yfeM 7 ! fen# Mart fw ?w &y ora 3 3 

fe 75 cP 3 dfpyr M 3 dfep ?T 3 M 3 3 373 felM 7 I feoT ^3 
fey i 3 fey 333 p & fefMT| feH 3 feffeytM 7 3 p 
V+ 3 y feU 75 f 3 1 M 3 T oT r 3 p fyftM 7 ^ 3 X 3 ofp 3 p I STM 3 
fey feH 3 irrf 3 yfep srfeyy fey ty orp 3 i fey 
1809 fey fey fawf nfoy 3 ypyyy fey yyw y 
fdTM 7 M 3 0 f 3 T fey l{ip 3 y felM 7 ! 

fey 1814 fey feH 3 M+ 31 H 3 feH 375 H fegBfe 
yp Hd'fe '3 3^3 33 f 33 3 3^33 333 3 pS 33 WW 
dld^fe 313 ^fefeof faf ?53 3 3 I 3 y ‘ 3 p 3333 ’ fey 
^+ 3 FT y 3 3 33 oil d' I H 3 1816 fey feH 3 33+33 
333 + 3 feP 3 p H 3 tT H 333 fc 5 M 33 cppy 1 " f 3 P)f M 3 
fey £ w +33 §3 rip f 33 3+3 h?> yy fey tb-ry y 
feiMT i fey Mnfe 3 B+ fey yy +33 3 W yyy 333 1- yp, 
fey 333 y^y y 3 nyry yfe R 3 T faM 1 ’! fey Mnfe - 
drt 1 fey PScV (dirt y PdlM 1 " HP fe H 3 3 fe 3 f^ET 3 1 

yM 3 fey3 fey, ‘y yfyjy y nyyy yp H3 fyiM 1- yp i’ 



##<3433, M3?3F Hfay 

gyfe?? fey feyy fesw 3? yy sryy oP MfeyP 
fey 3133 1 jynfep H3 yy fey fa33 48 yy y j# i 
S3+yy H3 M3 H3mrtM3 3 (333+ 3 3J5+ fey fey 3 
ufayp fawP i fey £ yy+3 M3 ^j+ 3 t# 1 3^+ 3 yyy 
My ofp3 1 

30 yyyy, 1832 £ gyfey fet PyfeP H 3 y 

dlfcf} I 

y.y.-M?r. ft. y. 3 ; 506 ; M 3 . MH. 9 : 43 . 

tfe, irt?y ; fey M 3 T 33 3 -fey fyddoi'd y 
fisy 21 ycs^dl, 1784 £ feyiS'sf fey H33 fet 
yfeM 1- ! fyy £ yp y+few M 3 r yyp 3 fPrfyM+ 
unj 3 3 p^ i fey 3 yM 3 fey fey 33 P yy M r uypM+ 
fey £ uyyfay ofpy i H3 isio fey fey tro-yyfP 
fy33oT3+ 3 nyy fey sruw y fepy i Pfer 3 33 373- 
yyfp fyfey ^p ayfei ysyyfep fey yy'Qy feHy 
HTwyy fey yp 1 fey 3 fyyy H 377 , fasTfP M 3 
tR 33 3 pM+ KW drM 3 pM+ 3 + 1 >lti 3 tMH+ fet 753 T yH 

fPrafeys 1 ! 

30 tH<V^3p, 1849 £ R377 f%3 feH3p H3 y 

3 feP I 

3 .U.-M 77 . Mft. 9 i 49 ; >&?>. ft. y. 3 ; 508 

; ^y yfpMyy (3. MHypyr) 

3 tfeyp 33 3 uf »fe Hy+yyty fey fey yyyp 

MfeP^sTH 3+ 3 f33 3ryM+ fw W 3 f3+ 3^ & I 

fey w 033 p 3 M3 53 yffey 3 yyfe 3 10 fe.vfP. 

^3 333p 3p feoT 33T ffenjP U3p 3 1 fey fa33 1 ,200 HP. 
wyp M3 133 hP. yyp yi 19^P yyp fey sy+ypyp 
Hdoi'd £ fey y+ £ yyp yyyTfeP 0“*d ofpy ypi fet 
yp .td+HlnP iyp Mgyy mt^ 3 #yy £ 753333 orat 

13 Mfer, 1895 3 5 33, 1899 3oT 3fw felM 1- yP I 
fey ^d 1 * Oh 3 1000 fystM+ M3 fey yycsyjy 
ferftfM 1 " 1 fey ftfe ufew Hy+yr 3 srygy+ypyp fyp 
33fe, yyfP o(01 M3 yyt Mty ?P fey yy ofpy 3+3 
331 Mypy 1938 yp. fey feor yy iry oh£ fey 
oryyTy M3y 0(3 fey - ferM 1 ' M3 ofepM 7 £ «?P fepn 
o(3 fyy f3TM r i fey fPfe 1 fey yyypM+ yp tyyyy M3 - 
HWTjI 333 3 33 3 0*753 3 1 

y.y.-M?r. fe. y. 3 : 47 

TysS'tdcJ ^fHTT : fey Myytofp 

Myrsny y yyy 15 3#yy, 1815 £ iyy?r fey 
yfyM 1 " 1 h< 5 1836 fey fey ‘yy trfePsy O^yypy 
rt'dof fey yyy 3 MtHM 1- M3 sfep yp feoT t^t 1- 
5(73033 33 felM 1 ' I 33 1847 3oT fey £ UH3 33 3 

33375 fetf Mnjy o d i d 1 y fyy i Oh h'w up fey 
fediAti yTy fyiM 1- M3 tt feyy HsryypM3 3 75 T 3o(+ 

fey yy#3 3 3|33 Mtfe 3 373 M3 7 ofpy 1 

fey 1854 fey 3Mo(3 33T MHyfe 7 ^43 M 7 £ 
filH<5 ?33 orafe Ho(HUpM3 3 (5 7 3d(+ fey tVf cfaj 7 




208 



irereaa 

me d'dttH feeze G VrreW 7 # HZn G UH - tfe 7 I fe- 
1859 free fee anane aarede >M#tme nfeaa e 7 
me 1859 free fc«'ffe.e>re e efed*z nets nfeaa 
e 7 H#na fee 7 i 

fen nene, 1877 # Oeffesreetm 7 am fee 

oitfi fen ferret He 3" afet i 

y.y— : W7. fa. HT.3 : 396 ; WT MH. 8 : 496 

##7P? : csVdA’jm e neat reeat eer fee 
Greafetne- (Overijssei) nairen re fere feOHU«<fl 
nfaa a fane 7 Greafetne refea e Oevrt fee e 
mfefne efem 7 Gva re T frem 7 ei fen nine et arena 7 
meet net freer nz %efen pna 7 nrefne.fere iz 
fno faiarr erra net i Hnarm earer fere rereare 
enyet femf aantmOze #tar free 7 rere nt, e 7 fraa 
are me net net e erea re sorfnara erne are rest 
fere et Hafere free armt em 7 efem 7 i aa ren fere On 
reat h# nam area fee # ea et nfnret aren est i 
fen era free fere feature yield ted nrefne afem 7 
fen ■ free zn-rn a refren reaaf rfe-nrem feeem 
wane me w mfeatma 'are re fefem 7 reneartati 
pet net free nfaw arae re mare 7 ‘aesa dare et 
area nfetre’ afe- re reafere mena fere at ga retrei 
m 1500 feeeeaza fear Gur 7 ee rirreren 7 reea 
are fear i 

fea nfaa rente me znnzef yefefe net are 
nap - a i fere reef reQfedtm 7 Hrefne arei fere me 
reztarn >x T fe ae'Gre re ren ret armt Gae a i 

nrearn etm 7 naffm 7 fereaa 7 free a]z reare 
freae 7 ma, rez fatnn fa rare ma, zGa 'am me 
1528 at. re nfem 7 fear dnfOre en me feare far are 
me 1 fen rna are ear a mde fen Gna mnzt 
fefaenrre rear seetm 7 en i ; 

dfreet— 64,455 (1983) 

a.y.-ma. fa. m 7 . 4 : 46 

##5T, He ffetftnfH : feaine e fen am 
arret me teareara re reare 1606 free rnmezae frere 
afem 7 1 mrnneae e eat npr free fefem 7 rene rean 
nata 1622 free fea wee free fern net mere re 
afapn rear fapre i frere 1 aere n fen e afef ma r femn' 
free are 7- afteti fea 1629 free fen re mere 1- refare r 
?aaar 'et apt mm mreaatre’, 'f^aT mm reawe’ 
frefrem T i 

fen e ora'fHm 1 ' 'et frean’, e 'rere me mma’ 
ream §en cS'aar me arfre na]fa ‘neramara’ arae 
1737 free fen # am arret et reeret feet afeti 

fea amrea eraren nfare re eae Hnaaar rft i 



fea 1643 free erremee e arae nn aamat tenure 
rent fen # ‘refeta’ re ferren e re narefee arte 7- 
fepre i aremrere e am-arre earn ae affe are earn 
re ereree re we na arare et uferet arfem aflet me 'et 
ana ee maaarena’, # 'trerennre me feffere’ re 
?a e re On aftem fen rem at fear^e free ufare 1 " 
afte-?aa na a faTm r i 

fea 1650 free sre-wat rereGa' e feam 
rem fea reaetretm T faim T fen fenre ne re are afte r 
farm 7 ' me 1654 ere were ama free are afOm 7 farm 7 1 
fea 1656 free fenre ufere maraet afte-rea 'et nte 
mm aea’ On arte 7 1 fen affe rem et re 1 fere 1 ntnet 
rerenre nt e far nae Ge mGe remt ufewt fenaat 
nti fea 1660 free nmreae et namt Gnae fen# 
reret earn 7 enref p arare re arnnt mfOora-nea 
fere fern 7 1 fenre frere*e fere atree free fefre mm 
reare earn 7 ma ga rea fee 7 1 fea eanr-ma free On 
reare rest fea ne earn frene 7 me freaenre arae 7 nt i 

7 mure, 1668 # reere free fenet He a afet 
me fen # rena ffeanaa mn freO erearfem 7 fmm 7 1 

n.y-mre. fa. h 7 . 3 : 395; mre. ma. 4 : 227 ; mre. 
Wf. 8 : 496 

ttt gw fe'omal* : ngree am 
mnatar 7 e fen rrerereara, Oeaara, fefeanara me 
mreere e eren 1 1 arereat, 1897 # Garer am free 
mfeiere freO afem 7 1 frefem 7 nnre arare fere 1922 e 
1927 ere fenre refenrenaare nfetreafeat free me 
1929 e 1936 ere arareae mretreafeat free 
npfem 7 1 fen Gnae fea ‘naa# atfreG mm freaaea 
e 7 numre ne feim 7 1 e rere 7 fere fen re manta 7 a 
fee 7 me fea nrefrean am free renfen reren nan 
fern 7 fern fenre mare 7 reaft e 7 nfrere fneOsm 7 1 fer 
re afet ?arere fen ua ‘arena naralre’ free reO mnfe 
ren 7 arare fea aae nfrer afem 7 1 fen # fere m r reea 
rem # reree 7 irne ast 1 

tree etm 7 fentm 7 w renfee aftetm 7 nnere 
free 'reare are a a mnfare 7 (1932); reare arere fe? 
feannre’ (1940); 'reare aree me reare’ (1942) 
'mream et'refete fefat’, (1940); 'e rearee me 
frerenre’ ( 1948 ); 'et tan mm fearnre, (i 950 )f 'e 
aGn restre’, ‘et tan mm mrefea’ (1950); e 
arfn mm ne-ae-eGe’ me 'ret mnna free nen^ 
(1934) mte rerea aei 'mream et refete fngat’ r 
fen # ytaena nfetn rene afem 7 1 

a. y.-dtre.fere. 3:506; dte.mfr. 9:43; >?tre.fa. 7:34: 

nIGed : nannt e fen #nre : 
arret e 7 enn 17 mame, 1876 # aatmna (p fez? 




209 



far? tor 



fey) fed Ffeyr i for f fe<;rtl, praxst, sHfe >hf 

fHHF Pfrfd t! H 1 F Hdd H.<od did 1 PfF Hdildfr <d'dl 
fed 9^ fe“ UTHdr offed 1 F Hfi-Rtfr dt sl'rt ctdF dfdt! 1 I 

fetr fen f ydfoA" fed Ffesr Hf ofter-i. for Ft 

of fed' ddH^'tfl F I fen gFF $ tffeF F HF ^ HFF 
F 1 fFF fi-irtF fed feftw Hd'ol'fe ‘Das Nordlicht’ 
(1910) fenfet hf f 1 §fh 3d?F ifst gfet fi fen 
HFfe'fe fed rtdFdT 30,000 UorFfer UFI fed F 
fedF 7 F fee-v^ 1 ‘L’ ‘Africana’ (1928) ‘Die Gotin mit 
der Fackel’ ^fed F^dd oRF hM fed HHFd ‘Der 
neux Standpunkt’ (1916) df fertft FI ofW dt IwGrt 
HHul fee* 0Hdo< ‘Der Heilige Berg Athos’ (1923) dt 
fed dfefT Gfed dtdcV <£' fed fed H?ft dfet F I fed 
few F3 FFFd 7 fed ‘Der Sternhella Weg’ (1915) 
P1F ‘Attische Sonette’ JFHK OS'! 

14 tf?T, 1934 t ifedt FraVTSTt fed fedfe HF F 

Fffel 

J.V.-WT. ft. 7:89; 8:492; Wife. VF. 3:391 

irftfeO-T (Docetism) : UrfeF H 1 y) HF fed 
fed dirt Hdrtd Fit fd WITS’ tifec5-c( 'rt fetf din F 
cfel Wife F oitlddl Hdld rtdl Fit Hdi feo( drtfUF 
FTdtF dtl fed 3Trt F HF dt fedfetw F felWA^d 
FW Ft Fit PfF felWA^'fe fedfet fed dTST Ft H^F T 
oTFF FTSI 

fs^" tdFHcT fed fed FTF F HFFd ¥FF oftF r 
few F I fed fed fefof felW F fd ‘d WHIT fedr- 
HFftF S’ Hdldd Fit fed wfew HFdf F §F WFF 
Fd fe F, d SHf HSdt §F WFF Fd Ft dfe F l’ fdf 
dfe fed WllGd F fedAdlWT S SnlfeFH fedd 
FFF Ffow FT Fd d FFF feFT I fed fe ‘FF fe 
FTHFtrt’ F feF F H?fet Frit fed wfd Ft FTrt F 
dFF FF fFF r F I ^HlfetdH f%F ^Md FFF 

Sc'rt' oTIfF drt fF din 1 FT Hdld dd 1 F 7 rtdl yfeof 
Ffew Fft F ^FT FT Hrtt F^A 1 # feF WRFfelF ?Fft F 
Hdl fed gtttfr Ft F I Gd stFP" F HcFF-FcW MF H'Sddl 
f%F H'd: Ft FRF S ?t *dl HSF I 

F.y.-^.ft.H T .3:595;WF.mH'. 9:216 

(Docodonta) : feF HFF H’d^F 
tlFU'dl IFFt FF FF fFF^ ^Fdt WiFfd’ 1 ' MF fedlrt d 
F HFfFTF HFT fw fHF FF I fe^r et yfdd'F d^F 
OHd'dl FFT F FFt F fe^r ^t flofF FFt Ft 

dddlFHFFFtdjyrttd'd ^A^drt fdFTH Ft F feFT F 
fHF HHd'd' F IFFt fefFPHTFfefr F feF >HFtFt 
rtdPfe"^ F fd feF HFFh-T ^FFl F FfeW - ?FF fertF 
FrtF FF I fec^T feF F 7 FF (Jaw articulation), 

FHTf Ft tfeFt >HF WFt ^t FldWtHF FFt FFF HFFT 
F MF FH T i| P Ft ’t'ddldrtd MF WFt Ft wt? FFt 
F feyr ^ HFt^t FF Ft FFFT F I feH F^r feF 



dfet Fdfeydd' FfeF HHFfer (FFF'dl ufet) >HF 
FUfeFfefr (3tFlF Ffet) HFfeF feF ofet HFF FF, 
feFT fd dFiPFfefT feF FF'^'-FF tfedt F HdMHHF 
>>fF dl'die UTFfefT feF >H'ddldrtd F d»TFF FFfeF 
?FF HFFt F I 

HF F llfdrt FdFfer (Morgan u codon) Ft FF 
FFFfe fed UH" ^l-ldrt THF UF FFF HHF FF (inci- 
sors), fed GvFFt MF fed Oort 1 HTTP" FF (canine) 
>HF foyr F fug - F §UHF >HF HF FFF FF (post 
canine) HF MF feHF HFr-dldsJrt feF dldd'oTfed 
MF' dd'dTdsi FF FFfeF HF >HF fefFFF dF F 
FPPF Ft fed" dsil feFF HFPd (foramen) feF fFHTFT 
Ft FfetFHtFF cFFt Ft fed" HFr fFdrttl Htl 




# »r f 



fegFt Ftfed Hit feF feFF grF fecT tdffe 
Ufet F ^U3F PT3" FFF HFoT (%) fed ^H3F Hrtd 
Ft dd<± -d'rtl (occulused) H^r, (>>f ) fed OFF 
HF3T Ft MFBFt H^r (F) fed UFF HFd Ft dFF 
gTFtH^r 

foyr F HFT-dldsirt >HF mFdF dF Ft FFdd 
HS^fe UTSfefr (monotremes) cFF HFF fFdPFr 
fertfel d<£ ddd HFF >HFd ufet fefdini'rtldfT Ft 
ftHHTF F fd 1-lfdrt FdFF H 1 feF H6<{lH ydFF HF I 
feS 1 F dUF ftld Ft <6ScS' ddd «dlF' F fd feF 
dddfet Iffet, dddfet IffetPF F fdH fet FF gFFT F 
yFdrT Sdl HF I 

F.U. - Hd.W7.F.F. 4:259; fe. F. 3:595 

Stdld ; feF G“ddl HTFIF fed fed HHFdt 
tfefF F fFFFT feFF fed Hgt FFF F fed dFT dFF 
diT HFFdUFF 0 I fed FHH 1 Ft Iffet rt'tt dfepf 7 
FfFFT FI fed H"fHF fedlrt's F c6 1 d d H d rt si F 100 
fd.Ht. yFF fed fedlrtij >MF FTFPFd F FFfepPF 
grfepHTFI 

feF feHF >H T rt'-F>5f r H’ F Hfeefe feHF Sd 20 
Ht. ffer F >HF fed GfeF IRdt Ft flLffet 10 F 20 
IdK Fd FI fdF fdF Ft feF fedd 6 IFF Ft Ffe 
FFt FI ufe |W FF ddF HFfer F feF feHF ifet 
FFF F dFF fed 1 F I 

ofet FHt rtdfefer rtdfer FF odd dt feF 
feHF fefFFTHd Ufe dfet HFFFt FlfF FI fed F 
Ftfet FF Gfe PfFIFF MF 3F feddd y<4 Ffew 
>HF 21 >Hd|HF, 1904 F fdF JH >HF FFF feddd 




tarat aw mb H'fea 



210 



bbt #t fen fena a nat mat i 24 aanat, 1915 fea 

MdldtH 1 MB HdHB 7 at Odl at feB at BSt Ht I 

54°40' O'. feB.; 1°90' y.HB. 

By -MB. ft.H 7 . 3:600; f&.fe#. 5:263 

Sdld) sTTtF MS? H'fdd : aWB BtM 7 qg>ft 
KBfet HBtM 7 B Ufd^'d fea WUaBat linfet ifet Btw 
no ( d‘H”Z ' fife sidldl , fdfyM'fe , Hsi^ '«! , HftMWt, 
fetfW/Bt, HraT#t >H T fe' aaHBBHT UB I . . 

taint fen fero irfafera. fea orst araB* an# 
tprr Her aw bi fen at irfant few fea a f# 
BHtM 7 HHtM 7 B BW 3 fen B HHB ^fe>>r at 
HfUM 7 orfet felMW B I Bat feB f# feH qfd^'d fea 
#?h taint at iferaBcr utr b aiBbate mb hub bi 
taint Bt afet feto 1, fan a far f#H h# fea aw 

feMBTB cTHHta MB BB 7 BBT feB d'rlofl ygFHB B 
M33Bt o( 'did' Bt H ' fUMH #t dfd Boft B I fSH sf'H 1 

ora# at fen a ana tarn aafetra bb mb tarat 
b awat nan b ‘tain’ fen 7 tub 7 rr i 

aarat B 7 #B3, Hy-oTHHtn BBT Bt HBBtM 7 Bt 
3 1 rTO 1 ?# BH B felBB 7 fecT fefBBWr ?Bia MB H'fddd 
H'UcS 1 b 7 qw #bb bi fet tarat B HTfBBoTW B 7 
UfBfBfq HBISB "taint HOT 7 ’ B ra 7 sb fen aw at 
H T fe3cr iPUBt Hat fqgTH BBB HB# 3 ITBBHtH B I 

taint yawt Bt Ow-tHt a, feB an-ryna qraa 7 
a 7 . aftMaHB b awat hb§bb a uiwraaT awa fea 
taint b iferfet Bt Ou-ant b au feB Ohb ora# int i 
fen fen Oh b 7 aya Bat i Ok h# Ok b fen Hafeuw 
feB ado( aw, ant b 7 hbbb aratn MfuMB naar But 
i-ft i 

tbb afeB b araat aw fefeiMw Bt fa-aa 7 
naat Marat uhbb fen ibb fefaM 7 a f# aarat ? r 7 
BHv-ftat Bt mb ?r at ferfet Bt §a-a#t b i §hb fea 
b a T aBt-B3HB afawa Bt MratM 7 hw bIm 7 ana 
felMW 3W fw felfeM 7 B i 

a 7 . Phuh^b ^aa 7 b ^t taint Bt fawnt araB 
bPm 7 qw hb ntfeB aw fan #tat b i 

taint feat - fen feat orat yafet bi fea # 
nrarat h 7 naat arfeB bb i ajaaat feat Bt #BUBt fea 
b aat K?it feat B I #§■ mb #a b ara- afetB Bam 
UB3 7 B UB 7 RBTB 1 B f# fea fel# B 7 WdWeT |U 
feoCH Bafet-feTM^t HBt f?B B feTM 7 aft I O n 
nrarat ?nar b MatB M'Oa afetM 7 aat featM 7 fea 
ffeaFH UBH f#B UBT5B BB fel# «a , f#aiBW#t, 
afeMfet, afaMfet, fenHat mb #?at m 7 # 1- ! a 7 . 
aftMaaB aw 7 mb nfet f hbbb 7 hbb bbi at 
aynn b 7 feMras b fe Borat araB 7 Bt CfBTfea b i 



nrarat ffeft mb' #t aain b #|r aanr ar 
ylraM 7 f#B annt afet b i fea b 7 fear ffeerfeB |u ^ 
b fea fea ofet nfe b 7 iwhb afeM 7 bi oraatn i 
KBraw anfeta faur b mb b Braraar fear a an 
ufew mw aar-nw fea taint feat fea Braiat ? 
aaw aura araB b 7 bbb aftB 7 aft i H T Bn r B 7 mi 
fafe at ^afe b MuwfeM 7 faTM 7 mb ufefet Brat b^ 
araral' feift fea taint aw a aw b gw at a>fe 
feaw ?fet ay feaawr #h aafela ua at aanja 
eftat afeti 

uawt taint ^aaaw a 7 fea afeM 7 nu na 
fea BaaB fwn 7 b 7 b afaM 7 1 nar yaw am bb r 
nrarat feift a 7 yaaT araa an i ‘am’ feua at fe b 
§■ ar’ feuw at ubhb fan 7 1 

sidldl Hat Braiat feift — sididl at b?’ aferai 
bbtb a bw nt nrarat at b 7 raaiat b h Hat i 

1. taint fea hhb 7 # m^ fea a mb ^ afe 

mw at fe a mb a mw b 7 Oaraa an 

BI 

(ifefet) fewCMfeTB) - HB 7 (tafet) 

raaiPB (feat) - bfwb (tarat) 

2. hhb 7 a m## fea a’ a 7 OaraB feat few 

eVtt feHoTH feB BB 7 B I 



feat 


uarat 


aarat 


aw 


BB 


MB 


0 ‘tt 


BH 


M'tt 



3. taint a ^nni 7 a a# ^aa a Oaraa fea ufei 

MUn B ?BH BBoft feat a^at (Low rising) H 



B#t feat B 




feat 


aarat 


uw 


or. a 7 


B sS 1 


a. a 7 


a#B 


a. #b 


q# 7 


B. cT 


nra 


u 7 . n 



4. BB B HHB 7 B W fea Mfew B 3+ fen a far; 
Oaraa fea a^at gn at w b Oanat gn (Fai 
ing Tone) at ¥ 3 B BBt B I 

feat tarat 

TjSTg — T TT t ^ 

Hod ^ ri 




211 



5 . tarat a §a Hare a wire fen §■ wa w fan 
WSnfooT re fo fowre & i 



feat 




^arat 


yram 




rea 


yfara 




fa 


wrere 


(urefet) 


ffewre 


faTwre 


(yreat) 





6. fotfod re ‘a’ n trot fen Wfo n WW a tarat 



fed y|c(Hd d lot 11 3 ” I 

HH^d Id til 3 did) 

did 1 H" dlfe did ' 

im yfo 

fan nfa f>fea 

fot yfeadt a oF 3 n cfet are fen ‘a’ ref fet W fore 3 " i 

foffea font tarat 

dloOHct did " 7 fetfcS 1 " 

air air agirt 

for lw? foT 



7 . 3 did! HHWHe'dHcT (Synthetical) 3'H 1 3" I fo 

ada for fen fofyfean at wrydn yffeaat 
reft id ? til 3" i 



mrfed 


feat 


t dial 


WJH 


an 


>t 


J-PH 


)W 


fort (>Ht) 


woafe 


ann 




Hfofean — 


fefe- 




fant 


urefet 


5arat 


Ha rr nat 


Ha 3 1 not 


narefonre 


wfowrere 


wfowrere 


(wa are) 


yfow rere 

»-> ^ n 


rew are 


ynre 


^aiar ren nanrenn 


* m re ) n fetaw 


are at yfeant reft rent a : 





ynre — refewrere ifore - >fo aaT (y.) re 



yfore — litre rra 7 rrnre — gfo fore 
9 . Said! fen <^de feuatu at ^a5’ fet ana a :— 



9 yd — 


nwa 


fren - 


awn 


reHa - 
fetnn — 


aafo 
fnfo wfn 



sidldt MF fo Hfon 

io. tarat fen nanfo ga fen ww Ha wrrra wy 
nrea•:- 

wm nrn 

wry 1 d' yya 

fererea aw 

Sdd'tH dcTrl 

tdldt H'fdd - WoT fen refore fofTd~ 

re Wd=f >naHd >rfor yaiTa 1- n air fen on n 1 srarat 
fen war refaa re for feare refet ferew ni taiat 
fiw a renrenn fen frernt nfonafo n for for 
for 500 re faw war afta fern afire an fafa a 
rere yfo foffo yfofaar ani tarfew a hhw 
fofen at aadafl yfefgrw for fen yffafoanfe ay 
fen ya id <jyl a i 3 didl hhm 1 at fawnt ynaar" ( y> yf) 
arere) a aaa fefe fen ifo-ifo war afire reyn ■ aft 
an i Any re at few rfort aftre re for forfe ‘rea- 
fyre W 3 f’ re rew yormre afire at i re . aan four at 
aw mrfare fea tafet war afire fora font few 1 
yarfore aftre faiw a i ana at arwnaw wnn-ft fet 
fefo afire re forrfa aran fen Hafet ant a i 

ffo dfo tarat arafe a forta wfet fet tna an 
an i for hit ya frere Haifa sry oa an 1 1 . rerrat war 
arre 2. for a 7- ana 3. rfotfo yafoi ?n naar fo' 
§rrfoy ynt ytavpn fen unfea a n fet »rfn 
Hdd'syan a 1 for sraar n yfor cfet fsa an — 

1. arfet nfetfnfo for na n an ww a 1- erfet fo 1 
for in fen £ feta fewar’, ‘anarfo yfe 
‘an am yafocr’ fe fow aanfo ffotfo an 1 
ydidl fen Gey n an aaarw yn fet fkwn an 1 

2. ysn ataFanr(i 777 at. - 1858 fet.) fet tarat 

n 7- afet afew a 1 for at tarat arfen 7 ” w ~m 
for yy a : — 

for arw an ntn 1 wfefer diwfo rent, 
nan f fea 1 - wfe, fefetw re fore 1 

3. ww awrn fet tarat n nat afet an an 1 

freft w areure, ytir at afo aft, 
waorre fentw nn feni 

difel nare n for ntr-r nan re wan aann at 
srfe-rew rew afew 1 §a under cfet at yfo §n 
at nfere fen wwn yfo g^ferere at ytre a 1 fefe 
‘few arew for aar, fo taraw refe 1 

aaren n tarat nfere ynt nnre at ant yre 
fetfet 1 for gwrent nt yfo are fefeiaT wtt foyn at 1 
tarat fen frr n nnatan 100 aanw refe-aa 
yorrenani 




farat aw wg jgfeg 



212 



Odd d W feof few eft fefT °< ' fe H'UtV Wd si 

aftg 7 ya 1940 g 1 fair fen yga fsg aa st w afe i 
dfe UWt ddldl ccfa-H'UW feFT Mddl gt HFfegcT 
WSfegW 7 J tie SdV Hd 1 tidy d WfeW US' 

uif 7 & few i Iff wsfegw 1 fee- wasrg- w to wt- 
feferor wg HHfegar yaua 7 g 7 uw wg gfet afes 
sI'SW 7 W^ fw 3 TF I UWt awt fel ufaddl F^W afet 
wg fenw war ar nwygr- gtw yw fys'y g 
feww lira" fay rfax odes gt QdHgd 1 g 7 au tro 
oftwi 

tarat gfag fsg ufaw few ea-few fsg gs^ 
fagHT G W^T 19 W gw 7 w gt fafaud' st few 
gar ft i Sdidl gstw gtw de<vs fata fw g fsit 
uyu fgyyt fgg aw, Gg saia gt ole gw gt utw, 
ddld G Wdld G U3t dldS d'<g, 3dld Gtw Hufa do( 
Guwyutw Gt.uHH 1 , data gt fwauwg 7 wg u^duw 
g an, fefT gt iy I# gg A ydd 1 , fan G yea sdfaV gt 
gww, gfa g yfet, 33^- fegcrw, gw ^ 
Hd'cSd 1 , Sdddd' gt iw, wwug 7 gt fsG w, 
Gtsw gauw gt f??nw fswfaw wig awi fen 
gf 7 safe offer G gw 7 uu usar fsg st Isoth Gt 
aws hubf g G urns ayl g 1 dafe G gw wuw Gg 
sg hw g Gh G wg' crf% G few few war fsg sad 
aG aw 1 was< fgg gt gg 1 " gt ^d 5 gyl , inr 
gag ai'Qi ggr ug 1 ' feg 1 fyrr ftrs" wyar fggt, Oa^ 
w ygpgt 3 1 ww g g g sg 1- gr wf 

Hsf^c) at war ofa?r ?rat 1 fggt g adw, h%ct, gg 1- 
gdiSl w wfg gg gt ^ad ofldt dial 1 Oa^ gy it 
f ygg ygga oftwi fgaw arfe^w fw 
cx'rlw g 1- sg ugar ^nooad hw wg aidl §" gt swat 
aw af gg 1- fag 1- 1 sg 1- g fsy fsg mh ga^ oiyl Hfear 
yfftww ggt tffew w 7^ tts 1 w wdi'd 1 d gw ag 
aw 1 §gf gt araw, argw, awat wfg w iwar gt 
yfeddl fsg hfwot Gag cist nnwg g®? mraa 
fgtrgtfgg 1 ’ gi 

gfe-jrfe (?^ Fpfc) 

dd T <i 1 «gsw — farat isfgg gt Hsa sf 
oris gt wwt w s ya ia gyt fea st fan g afea 
fsornr gat g arg hw ggat at, Gg »fwgw uHfydl 
fsg uGy aw waft 1 fga gf 7 ug g yga fsg wst 
ggw g 7 wag cist aagg ?aw gfew Qh g ^ 7 aig g 
yga fsg w wusr g |u f%g aaisg ipa jg# SGt 
awi 

fea H>r gar taiat feg feg uhu orwwt Harfg 
yoofwd aa aw : 

1. §g>rg r w T gvr r sft garsg yrrg fpw 

2. gat-gw svnat wfwg 7 nfgg 7 



3 . 


gw gtw ays' 


at ?rfaga ugatw 


4 . 


utaw 7 vow (wgn htws) nft Hgw how yax 7 


5 . 


aowgu 


wsgawF 


6 . 


ta'rtdfl ( t) 1 td c*j 1 ) 


sft Hgw Haw 


7 . 


ua 7 g ?ww 


Ft anr gvpg muaw 


8 . 


agar arufetw 


qt sfega ugatw 


9 . 


gW FW diy Wild 


sft ao-r gwa ufuaw 


10 . 


Q U'd 1 


aft uan gga ugfe 

^ -S . ^ 


11 . 


iFcrt ggfetw 
(aata gtw feaft ara 


ft sg agjt 

'elw g 7 sJdidl au'dd) 



cV€W 



1. H 1 * (T-n-fftHoO sat ? 7 faga ygatw 



2. 


■ ufegufe 


Hi HWT HUTS’ HUH 1 " 


3 . 


a 1 ?? ygl g ugw 


jjtsgafet 




(HFlgg-) 




4 . 


agHwt (yvrfgar) 


aft uan gg uafe 


5 . 


sfetw staw 


(yw Gaf g ug fey 
sft i'ga yst ew 
safet fsg WTsigg 



rt 1 dcx said fsg aamg gt yaua 7 Gs 
awfew g h t w<s t ygdaw gar at atvig ati for ?rs 
Ha%gar gg?g w aging g aanw fywg ftow g 7 ; 
hswb 7 yasar iraar offg 7 1 fea g wst wst yHfygt 1 
ww yfwwa ws ?rar fey aia- 

1 . WW dP aOirt'tl H 1 H dl , G1 

afet w am §x 
yraaw (w. 50 s 7 
yfew few) 



2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

1. 



2. 

3 . 



Haug (fyfdd'Hd ?aaor) gtw gfet ug 
wr scai garw ww w wfega y^atw 



gs ar g?w (yarfear) 
ggat (Hvgfgg) 
w g >>raf owfgar) 
wy mfe ww^ r e 
fgswt owfear fey) 



yw gaisg (ufwsrg) 
yggga (mo^g) 



fet uan gga unfe 
sft d'H gvpg wraw 
sftsgafet 

irt fkwK wug yt.G. 
Ghfet Hargt aar u 

■s 

F. 

sftvrgt Hc< A! He 

Wf.F. 

aft ufwg ao-r sm^t 




213 



4. 

5. 



1. 

2 . 



1. 



2 . 



3. 

4. 

5. 

6 . 



1. 

2 . 

1. 

2 . 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6 . 

7. 



Ufer (»T7?d r d) 
dFFF HUFHFf (yw 
H'fdF, #FTFf WTdF) 

fe^ddct, FF 

Sdldl cfd'^d dH 

3dldl WW > 5fF 
fe’H'ddct 

Wforffra ^cT H‘ r<Jd 

FFTFf Hof dF 

fed" F 1- FTP" 

wfKS'Wf 
HcSH'blcS WHt 
ffNt OFTF^ 

’FHF HWfd 1 ?! 



df did! Hold 
df few FO-f H'HFdl 



df 3 T ^ T dHwygf 
df tdf to frtf 



(Fdf UoFdd, ?fef 
f^?5t) FTWcT df tTft 
hp-tst *hvt.h. . 

(Hot oiyfe) §Fraf 
HHEF, tTH, HIT., cFK 
?Fd H'HFdl 

(Wor gfte) mr. Fdter 

(HoT dild) 3 1- . owe 
fdUT 

(ffh hfw dfar 

dtlfe ) sJdldl HsStt, 
HH 

(FoT odfe’X’FHd' FTO 1- 
? 31U |V) FFTFf 

HsJM , tfy 



UHd iraifoT^ 

?fef fftf (3>rfHor) dd >Hor uctff ff i 

FIT (feHTTd') dd Mor VoTHF F dd F7T I 

?FoW dd*'fe 

ddldl'JT' (§g^r) tgrgf ofefer df VPii'ot 'dl 

ddraf anTjr (i6 ufcnr df ydFd - ) d 1- . 3iy?Fd 

fdur 



Ft. 1857 (UdH H^FFFF T feudd dtdf 

dfedfe) 

W5HHF dfer dd opfe yHddT 
HlfefeH 1 " dfer dd opfe HHHoP 

% IFF % fdd oFfFF dfrF UFdoPsP (H#, 
fddd 1 >HF fed IFF) d Iddf feddl' 

firftW fes/'dl Fdf IFfeHFf ?fef UcFdd 

d'd Sdldl dls3d I 



F. U - fg . fe. f . 5:263 



^dl‘cS : feF yfevif gi.ddld 1 d vrof fh fed 
Ffed Hot FFI fec^ fed did HoT tdfel'dl'd 1 



tFH 1- , ddferddf 

F USTdf >HF Idfef fefdfediT feF Ffdd FFI 

Fr HF fed 1 " ¥df od?F F I WroftlBW?t 
F7T fadd IFF >FF dHd dfrd ^HF t Hd'Gs F 1 " dH 
dFd FF I fecji- fed fed ddFf HFFT wft?7 FfFF f5Ft 
dFt f%HF FFl - ?Fjf F I fFF fUF* - f%F HFoTF yfd^'d F 
J*-T f%F FfFF F?v I fFty - F 1 " Htft 6fFt gfd^'d' FfTF 
^FF 1- FF 1 " F I gfFHfeF 1%F HF-fe’XF W 7 FFFF S' I 

FF feF feoT UFfHoT Kg* FFt F faff F 

FFP77 (Hogon) wftFH 1 ' dfe 1 F >>1F HF FH W?t fecT 
y^U'd) d'dl'd FF 1 " F I FF 60 H 1 « 1 fed Rdc^j 1 F 1 " HFF 
FFfHoT yFF HTFfef WW F ffTK £ hM (Sigui) 
oriFF F7TI feF H?Ffe>Jr tFF r F FF FFSldH' 

F r F r F UF^ FFt»T f%F ftdHF 1 ' FI felT FHH F 
ufFTF F^FF ^JfFVit fFF HFlfew - FHt feoFF^F 
oTFF FF fat §F FTUF FTF ffeF F^ FTK FF F3F 
FF I f%F FFF HoT WJFhF d^'fedl' FFfHoT 
FFD-F f%F Ft feH-^'H FdF FF I HHF5MF WoT cTFt 
fdTFdl' f%F fey’ feF HFF FFI 

g.u.-MF.fg. >r.4:i5i 

^dlii 'll 1 fine : fel FFcit F feF Ft 7F& # 
fell fed d W UW FfFF F fFFF 1- HHFFf - FF F 1800 
Ht. Ff §FFt F FI fe?T Ff»F FF - |JT MF 

idldF tFF (MidldldF F7T I 

3FFFF F fFF-USHf HtFF # FF 
?W FF F §F FF oTFF, feFT FfFF F ?W UF 
FFf §FFt oft^f I FFf FFf fen FF Ff ?W HFFF 7 
lilFF ?FF HfFF F ^IPF F H 1 ^ >HHF fw I 19 
Hdl fed §5T MF GhH 7 ?? d'H FFflPH 1 ?) FF ^ 1 «1 
ttd'yfer ’FF fH HF1F ufFFf HFT §UFF fell 
§T4F yn F ofFF F FF cFFcT, fHF F fewdrt 
Ff SV F Fdl'>f r I 

’HFFf - 23,513 (1980) 

g.U— : WT.fg.VT. 4:152 

5dH‘ , H’yloi'dtil : FFTFf F fed" fw 
■jl 'dld'dl FF 7 Fff fFHF 1514 Ft. f%F FFTFf f%F FF 
^Ff FFTFF Ff >FFT¥ T Ff offFfl felT F F?JK 1475 
Ff . fed - FfW" I feHF tffdF fecT HfFF F FF 

F )>IW crfF - 1 FFoff 7FF F#1F JSdFfefr fed feHF 
oTdf ?7 T HF T tffe’JT >HF fed J H1WF feFCT fecT 

FFK ^ ’HW dFF dfew- fFW I 

dF Ff FFldW" ffed fed F Fd r F t df fdlctFf fed 
H#-fdgoT feTPTF df fed W fd’JFF ofF ffef I feF 
HoT gfnjFf-gfFFf d'O'dl fed d>f Fd >HF ’HHTFfeH 
fed'fed' feFF >H T ^ T d HFd off^fl idfer f 

Fdf, FUd »Tfd dF HFF FFff d T HoTW W 
fw I fer df FHF # dfef HH 1 fe^ fe falftFF d 1- 
dH ofFF F fecToPF dF fdF r l feTHfedi - fe fed 




214 



Wt, d'ylfSO'dd U'Hidd (ME) 

ffo^tyM^yM^MaE^MEald^'d EWHfeyErw 

HHE HZ 7 HWa fetE 7 1 feH EHE fen iTCTTfUtT feaT yEt 
a 7 §a aa fzTM 7 me ffeHtaa 7 ffeza ay Mar mem! 
E 7 WTO - 3" 'few I fen few §tJH T ZH 1 fey H 7 ZftM 7 E 7 
fezzw fet faw ufewi £ zaz 7 at fdiddl 

ffea Wife ?4dT E W" E HE E W f^Z fEE 7 me 
E MZ- W for HZ" I WltM 7 E UH 7 ^ WZf HHJZ 
ZtTf Hdl^ 'd did I HZ fed ddd 'd fed; 1 £ dd«d fed 
MHW dzt >43" May faH 7 , fewdlfe, E ffefWM 7 

Oara safetM 7 £ crw 7 aa foM 7 i aa hztz Harra fey 
£ wwz ffea hsw 5" anst i ehwz ffea hewt 
feafoM 7 me fends? 1 * aafet atM 7 nydd w 7 e 
Ihth 7 £ wa foM 7 me ta aa foM 7 >43" 1514 at. 
f^fetfeawfeafe^lwi 

z.y.-Mz.fz. 7:620 

§tjf, Uylyd (WT) : fez 

Mzat e 7 fesr want ffeaw zfeM 7 a few yw fa 
fed" SafeM Htl fen E 7 HEH 21 ZZZZt, 1820 £ 
Etzawfo ffea wsIee fev zfeM 7 i for Marat ynza 
‘Histaire des musulmans d ‘Espagne, jusqu’ d la 
conquete de I ‘Andalousie par les Almoravides) 711- 
nio' (1861) aza azz afera zfeM 7 ! fen hheot e 7 
‘Hufcr fenwar’ (1913) y ze MHTwt ffea M?y r s 
zfeM 7 i fear ay^afeaf ffea 33 raw fefeanr z 7 
azHa fzz 7 1 fen £ Marat anzor ffea hue ffea Mzat 
me awz war aarrHif a 7 =zzzz azfEM 7 Mffez 
<5^ dfe dHdl fed few ftHH d'd<6 fed zt fed 
anzor fen ffeff z fear fj-rarat" azz 7 ty rfezt a 1 fen 
z fe« 7 sr fen ztM 7 ofet zz zhzz 7 fowztM 7 zei 
fen e Mzat ztM 7 ofet yndd' zt wee 7 fet cftzt a 1 
feH Et HHEdT ‘Het Islamisme’ (1836) feTH ffea 

feawn Et ffe^rntw oftzt afet a, fear ^E-fe^'E' 
zthz anzor a i fefe aft fen Et fear zz ynza De 
Israeliten te Mekka’ £ EaEtnf" Hfeft rrafeoT ^E" 
fe^'d VE T EafEE T l 

29 wrw, 188.3 £ fea at wfefew ffea aft he a 

afet i 

a.y. -Wife. 7.620; wr.fe.H 1 ". 3:650 

: aw e o?a?aaar aar e aaiwa 
Earfet fer^" e 7 fear nfaa a ffeaw 7 " aaiwa afaa e 36 
far. vft. ffea at fEH 7 ffea warwt Effeir e 
fefear afew ai fen afaa wat fe §e 12 fet HEt 

dd'<5 fed HHaa EFFaEt d dd Hd 1 fdE 5-ft I fed 1 6fet 

HEt e Hf ffea fea hw e fear HdE'd £ Ewarwt 
?r e nfaa at hhhw oftfet at i fem" w ?r Hafe ef £ 
fE-awya aa fapa 7 "! fea 1870 e fea fH§miwat 
crfen ari fea feaa fea fea Hffefe ffea ferrya, 



Haaffefe >he yaiw 7 >acrt?r faari fearya a aTfepfe ; 
fea £ he at a a^w ara fEE 7 aa far hetw 7 e fe 
feaa Mwf ywt w £ au faE 7 fei aa fea afaa a 
w ffearfed a i 

^HTaat - 54,609 (1991 ) 

13 ° 18 ' ffeffey.; 77 ° 33 ' y. 

a.y— ■ feu. a. fes\ ii; 366. 

si si cx ■ rtl tH : fea feftar afetwa a aaa-ufeH 
ee a ££ aafefE aara ffea 12 aw e 7 fear hhe I 
a fea-few e fea ?a a fevaaaa ffea anw a 
fea fe aaarfe taa a 1 fea awaya ffea §fe 3 
hhe afe fea fea ay - aarw aa ua fefe arfafe ffer 
araufea uaaa, arafea, HTHfeuafetyf 7 , ftwR 
fefeaar, fewa, arwaft, feat, aw, ara fmiaar aa 
d'Hzfe wa a fe '^aaEMdi aai aw >he an 
fefe afew 7 ffea Hffea ay aw 1 fefe aa 7 aapfe afe 
wfef ttarfeta ay-Hya ffea 14 ay aw aa 
fey arffefe a 7 w hezw 2714 a. far.fe. >fe 
1 4 1 fe 162,439 (1992) E I fey ayfe E 7 ddci'dlr 
fe yafe a fea naa e fw a fea e 7 e 7 ?" 12 e 
few 7 e a 1 

aaraw w aa ay fema-feafe ffe w aw 
fefeaa ay §e aaa aa awaafe awi sra ay 
§e faa?" aoraa afea aa 1 fey ayfe ffea aw ~ 
fnafe aitw 7 feua ^atr ufa afe ai fet wta 
fearf" ffe fe fet ura ai fey fea uat fe ua 
aaaa at afafe a 1 E<-ry, ayr, arr >he afe e 
uaaa feta afe a 1 yfeafet, ua-irwa 7 as afet- 
aw 7 fea a fer 7 a w aa aa 1 fea e fora fea- 
mra 7 feafeaT fet fea few a 1 

fefdd'Hd fea e fea ay yafe feaa e 7 fan 
aa dd 1 fey H T farr 7 ffea asa aE onr ay e 
fefdd'H HEE Ijfefe E MW afeM 7 fe I MA'Al M 7 

anfe Hwfe Eaar fea ay fey hwe ffea a 
hhiw aa i HarEEty aar aa fea larcrEta ufe ffe^ 
aw he ! aw ay fa" ya e anfeld 7 e 1600 at 
y. feaa HHEt ^afet fet i fefe ay £ iratE y* 1 *! »ri 
aHE afew 7 e fet uta 7 ’afeM 7 1 aarEEty nwar e 
ffeaw fufe fetEfet, fewat me aan fefaM 7 £ fe^ 
aya 7 e ^at-^at uta irfeM 7 me mw MatE fe 
afw 7 ! 14 fet me i5fetHat ffea fea ee a Paata 7 ? 
fey ayM 7 0 d aar cftE 7 1 fen fulr 1 ofet Hat ffet 
Easr 7 e ttafeta ?aw hhhe 7 era fwM 7 me 1912 at 
Ecr yr fea erw aa 1 fea fufe fea ay feawf Mtft? 
drt ara 1 

HE 1915 ffea WEE at Frat ME 1923 fet. E 

we at nat a awHfa feay a fey aya 7 7 




215 



afot MfocPy gt g few I Ma?7, 1947 foaatfougg 

for ^ W77 w for U77 1 

U'.U.-^te'.fe;.M r . 3 : 597; >>#»# 9 : 231 

##>T : ^3^ - for agat Mfotcr ^ ^ ? r- 
gfoM 7- aiwg g~ for aforfot agg gi fangr gyra 1- 
4i, 3ii ?■. ffo.at. gi for feg sriw uaag ??fot fo 
yatr agfo wfwTi agfot foM 7- gt for gat gga 
foe - fogat w? fo foug fofot gat p fog aagat 
aaat for gfo gi fogg hwksw Mfo foa §yg 
fofor gt foyt fo# for gfo o?r i 

aaigAt, HUrTKtft' g fog Mfo forag fofo gAtar 
g 7 Qfoyti* for gg ffog gg fo for fey fo dd 7 " gi 
fo# fo few^' fort-, fot, fog fo fefo fofo 
aggyyg?r gar# g?ri fofofo w fog orfot Mfo 
Hfofor fo o nag ggt gi aa-ggrg g 7 ferfo 7 a# 
fogffoM 7 fog fo srfot Ho(g<6 g i gyart y 'dr fog 
Mayor gtM 7 y'<i' g?r i sjSh 7 fog a* 1 aag, h* 1 , 
?7Hor, Hd 1 Mfo yd^-yyd g gyry fo fawg g?r i 

fey g fora fo fofo, fofot, gfoft Mfo ayfot 
ofot [A m 7 *'rt Hyud g?r i dSn 7 afgg fen add g 1 " 
aga-waai 

wgf - 1,237,819 (1988) 

g.y. - fo. fgjg .4:508 

ifoVT : fffocT - yafo M.ddlof g ggrgfotM 7 
di<± d 1 i-i gt d'l-w'Al g i for 1974 at. fog aayg ffo 
fogg gg-wr-JWH fo w fo agrafet gagfe srafo 
for ggj 7 fog ay’Sar gt fofog ayfet aiat nt i 
ggrofot g a# gygg gg-wr-rwir fo fo fofog 
gfei 

afo gnnxrfo iryog fog ngforg fo 480 fo. 
fo. gg foggfo yga 7 fog 1,135 fo. fo fofofo fog 
ayfet yrfo a 1 fo afog fog, agar Mfo gyfet aygr 7 
gM'd 1 Mdd 1 , gg-Mfe-arga Mg gyp a fed 1 (S 1 <h> 
fofoM T foW g 1 fo rfofot fogipgfo fog ygr gg 
fo aeryAt, prraat Mg Mfofot g fofo, for, ggsr, 
orfot Mfo gvrf fo ygr Kfo g 1 fo frsrfo g egfogg, 
M^g-, fog fo egfo Mg rgg-fog foM 1- fofo 
ygfog foM t forMgr fofo g?r 1 fo fo ^g ^fogfo 
ufor Mg HtSMg' - fog wdft gfo g 1 

Wfo - 2,03,833 (1988) 

y. y.-wr. fgir. 4:i48 

#g?T : gyfo-yyfo %w ggr (g.g.M.) fo 
ofoggg orfofo g 7- afo m# yH'Hfo fogg gi fo 
dSfed 1 ' ggr fo gg gfogg ufo nfoiafo afo 
g 155 fo. fo. forg-ygy fo ffor fog foforgfor 
gi fo gfoM 7- afog 7 " fogg g?n Mifog fo ?fofo 



foggygfo 

fogg, fog fo OfogT oryg, tag ggfo, ggfo, fojgT, 
•ddfodd, fedi'd, fogg Mfo a^'Qci g grgfo for 
gg gg 1 fo Mwa - g ggfofo Mg un-irog fog 
fo afo Mg M r g r fr T fo g 7- fog fo g 1 fo afo 1858 
fo. ffo MgTg ufor foi fo g ufog ?r inrag 
gg fo fggg r agg ^ tfo fog 7- ffoM 7- g fuf 1911 
fo. ffor ddcS fo for ff5M T ffor 1 

for 1885 ffo fo afo g gg g fegrfkg 
gfori fo gg agg Mggag ffo fo”a?rg fo?r? 
lazteg’ Mfofgg cffo gfo g 1 afo ffo tfoa agg 
griaf fefo- ggm aafojg g 1 

M T afo - 53,589 (1990) 

31° 13'^.ffo.; 85° 24' yfo. 

yg.-’llgr. fg.M r . 4:i9i; wr. wf. 9.305 

# 75 ^, tTWT ; M'HddlM 7- g fo 

Hygfog g 7- g?rK 24 afo, 1693 §■ MHfAdi* 
(Esslingen) ffo gfof I fo gfo fddd 1 ' tgcT fofo fo 

?r^-or?gfofo fofo gar g ufoggg §■ gga 7 fogfo 
ggi fo fo ufatr yggfog fofo ffofwMfo g 

ag^G 1 f?g foa offo Mfo a^rg ffo ^fog 1- Mgfol - 
MogM'ddldcrd Ifo ferfw uoig sffo 1 

for 1738-39 ffo fo fo ^tMW gt ffofo 
a'dfofg ffo Morgr a'dd'd fofo afoaM 7 "! afo 
afotM 7- yggfo uffofo fo gfo a?r ag# gars- aw 
1873 ffo fo orfo gtM 7- aafoM 7 " gratM 7- ! ugatMa 
Mfo Mtag 7- fg 7 g 7 ' Mg alfongg g'd^a fo w ag 
fen gfo ug fargg 7- gg 1 fen gt yggt of«' fog afot 
<5.d'Hd at fogfot fo g arfgigg 7 ' fo gg ^ag aggfot 
gv fo Mag^g sat Oggt g 1 

15 ggfot, 1741 fo forw foa fo gt ag g 

giat 1 

y.y.->fofg>r.3:623; ^.wr .9:260 

: fo tfogt MfotoF g for 
alafo gfo g 7- fo gi fo grgg ^ ufog Afo 
tfoga at foa afo fo g 7 - fo fo f-i5 r aa^ 7 gT fw 1 
a?r 312 fog rgyag g fou fo»tM?r gt gg aif 
fo gafofo g w g giai fo foaat ag gt §a 
afot gfoag rgar aaa gag gg fag fo aafo 
afofo Mg fog g agg 7- ffo crat rrgfor fog 7- fo 
ggaffo r iggagaafo>rffofoHdd | dl gygfo 
foagr ggg a?ri fo ggaa ffofo gt agg r-rag 
aaaror fogt fota 7 gfo aar 1 afogg g 7 - gfor 
fyd'Qi ag# a Ala 1 * fog gt afo i* gal'M 7 ' a 7- 
Ifoaw fo aft 1 ffot Mggfo fog gw Mfo 
aangfotfo Mfo g gsragfo foA 1 fotfo gia ggpgg 
gafo g a^gg fot tgrfoag aaa fog for 
srfoa ffo, fo fofo afofo aa-orar for?r foggt 




216 



37T r St, ftesl SfeWc 

WiteoC fw slw'fel HW foBoTW ut WUW awt after 
wtl 

faaawwwt fete fwHtfelwr fet few fe uwar fe 

aftteafotfewai, W#tetfofe Wfet oTaar forteoT 
for HWor fe# War I fotelte fet HTOt fet WWW 
feoT dlid'd few ## oil dl wfet fet | fer ffet afofetw 

w iwfetwa, ffew fe fate 40 hw fe ocdfew fe few 

fet WWTfaW 35^- w nfftoTW UntW fet, 70 fete wfew 

ocdfer w ufffew for for teitewyaar wa 7 fee" 
foftfetWT fet few fe 3W ora few I §W HW fe fwwt- 
fetw fet W fe H-HdlPSH fe fayoiW cffo I FT# FTOFP'J 

STTfefefefe HTO te fer Safe fe arfwfew wfet 

rat W WoTW offer few I WWTt WWW 2 WTfWa, 
313 fe fwwlfetwr fe ftete fewa infer few i few 
WW feoT WfealarW fet fe iTTWW fe fe Bfet wtl few fe 
iwfe few fete fetfeti ww twfe tew iff fwwtfetear 
fet fefe afol faTWW fof few fe FTfew te WW WW 
fete - waar fe w^bw 316 fet. tew crwtefofetar fe 
fwwtfefoar fe ufe #a fe gw few i 

stew few fefe w# dfefew afe afe fof teaa 
fea tefet 3lfetl 347 fet. few afedH fof few fe 
wfafeaflfo fe ante few ara few few fear 

355 fet. fe fer fe -fe fet HW W Wlfetl W7r 361 
few nfew fe wwww wwar fe farwwwwt Mtete 
UW W fof >JWte 30 HW fe wa-fawfet few w 
arfe ua ww few fe? fafe fe teawtfo fe waw aw 
wfetfof war 412 fof 414 few iarwawwlfo fe few 
cfeorfegfeafei 7 fet fe feor fojr w tnwr a 
fePH 1 " I 

a.U.-for.ffe.H 1 '. 3:618; for.fo. 9:256; few. WT. 
6 : 354 

55 <5 1 <H , fetfeHte (Donati, Giovanni 

Battista) : ffetet fe afaw fe for wafer fefewfet W 
FTcW 16 WWWa, 1826 fe fefo fefe fefojTI fol fe 
gtetew (nfet wfe wfe) nwt fefef few fetw i for fe 

1854 fe 1864 fewd fe rife gnfef few fife few 
forfeufatet ww 2 bw, 1858 fefefiw few fe few 
w w fet" for ffefawafe fe w fe fefiw fewi foy^ 
yte fwot for fe fote ffeffew w OtHa - >nfe 1864 
Ifew few? (Florence) ffefe UtfOTF W felrcfW 
feorw cfiw faw I >vramw, 1864 ffew few fe 
uvrfeifo fef wfe y^dd wate ter sftet »rfe wfefo fe 

WW9W wfe fef few oftwi fewwt ffefe arfef 

wzww wf feirfet fet ffeaiawfe bbb ait 20 wfew, 
1873 fe few fet hw af afo 1 

ar. y — 1 wr. fe. 1 : 579 



# 77 , iffeffet fetefo Stefo : fear wte t 
few ftwwwew wf fefdd'HcOd Htl few W 7777 
18 >>TBTW3', 1761 fe 1WW f%W ffew ffefe fefedW I 

Hti'Ad WWW-oTW WfW few fwftw WW 3 
wate fear 1111 wf. tew wu # few rwafwar iwwe 
w wfea ww few for 1780 fet - . tew feiafwfo fte 
fwftw few w few wwfew 1 




few iftfot crfwir aawrte 

awrfetet tew ffewwwt ate araw ad feint ^rte 
wawa iww-fe-oteat fet orarwcaww w wwa wltewr 
few 1 few fe y tid'd wfet wayw fet feawa ywswa 
feteti >wfwa', 1793 fe few fe few ora few few 
wwwa ; 1794 tew few ww orateawr w wwa wa 
few 1 ww 1795 tew wfe wtewr w r few wt 
wtewTora rft nrfe 1793 at. tew www fetefo 
afofo wwEFte fe ww wafeld sraw wtet whh 
fewfetffefw few?T 8 w 1- wfet wti war 1799 tea 
fettetew w awr-uwa wafer few fe ate wtexwar ffewa 
tew wiw 1- fediw* tea twfew 1 

ter 1804-1815 feawa fear fewarw >n'dorwter 
w tewaoraa w >aaw fe feawi few saw tew few a 
few wte w teaw >nfe feitetw fet fewrfew tea 

Witet feffeanwcr yWdoT “Essai Wistorique Sue 1 . 
puissance temparelle des Papers” UoWfWd" dda'wl I 

20 gw, 1840 fe tew tew trfaw tea few fet fo 
atafeti 

a. U.-fo-. fW H T - 3 : 903 

sicteH, fetetfoT : few feat wfet fet. a. feaw 
affop- aw wr fear tewraw wwwat te i wa feaar ffo 
fe wfearafo tew fear wti fewfe wfetww w awfetar 




217 



fSSS (sfow) 



ITS 7 fot) >XcW 'S odd 1 SS Hdbi s sfos 7 Midi 
foS'Sdct St USSa feat I 

feast ret fore a fire fsfw fre S, 
fossrss s re 7 are atas si a 7 # fes foe - afo 
ifo sst fo tress sts 7 ass ’? 7 ys fore 7 sst re 
fea ?t fes fos 7 fore 7 s s?fo ass fsars 7 fss 
fos s?r 1 

tress a Ire ss refere fofo asaa 7 fo 
frerfas 7 # afot i fes fofo fes feifots 7 are sst 
are 7 s sss a feats 7 sfets 7 asi 

S. U.-W7. fa. 7: 681; >HS. fa. H 7 . 3: 618 

S3 <*> W Tfe He: H , f« Hdlrirt fo (Donelaitis, Krist- 
yonas) : fre ^ ^reiM ire^ >re ofot re ren ytret 
resst, 1714 sit. 5 - ysst war fre asfere 
(Gombinnen) S' dfo sfew 1 fes fo^refof 7 S’ 
ofofre fre fea at a are fo refere sfo 7 at i 

re 1736-40 ssre afoassssT yrefosfsst If 
asa-asas ufit assfifot rere fre fafysr aas 
bide 1 ) ^-Id-d 1743 ?ft. foST fed d & fel o( d H d) 
(Tolmingkehmen) Tret fife f#a U'Sdl afew rfe 

fife fea §t fit fere ! 

fre sfssfo fere are afofar afre 7 # freturi 
Metai fe fo fes fo afire fre ofe 2997 jyfefe 7 S ?7 ft 
afire ? ust si fes afire fre st uw sre 7 s a 
1818 at. fre fre st re fe ww reft sfet i fre afire 
isfo. ast s urea feybi'rtlbf 7 s' sftre rfe rere sa 7 
s' stre t wareac ya fre forest s i fes afire s 7 
ast re ? 7 fre fre afe 7 fep>r i fre sfer re sfisaa 
arere fre % faffersa asfefiH 7 yre re i 

18 reret, 1780 fe fre st re s ret ? i 

a. y— re. fey. 3 : 619 

(y FhcS ) '. ysat yrare" ufe ret arsre-r 
fes rere afo res' ?fifya sfianfet afire fes SO 
>>fe a# sbfe are 7 res are s i fre fre sa s 7 35 
stsst fos sfear sfo 7 si fre afire s 7 areas 
23,300 ?. fast. »fe fre s yssat a# wres 
afire st reafot 12,205,000 ( 1982 ) si fre are 
fre afes ass re fre sat afet re fre 
10,205,000 afretrei 

fes sa-re s 7 ss sba 7 are 7 res ass s 1 as 
s fre stua sfeas s are sar ufe fos rei fre 
afire fre 1721 at. fre ss s fre 7 s 7 as 7 
ssrfeas feps aft, as fre st are-asfet 19^ Hst 
fre fre ass fre afe-a 1 feast are ss# sfets ass- 

fas st sst ?SS afw S Hoft 1 HS 1913 fre fs 
shfe are 7 fre are re s 7 87 afesf fos sfres 



feTan afes ais ^ hs 7 ara ssre faa as s 7 
^sares mfew as fa# fes 1970 at. s ssfo sa 
res 7 fes 7 1 fes fea re ^sares wfew ys 1980 s 
hw fre fre afss res sfeari fea ss as 
204,000,000 as as 7 afear res 7 s 1 fea s as st 
fore at reftsr s 1 fews'dd fos srasafeta >hs 
faretre fore s 7 si as star ass 7 1 at. s sra 
safe s ss 1 fre asa sfocifo as st ys-asfet fre 
ass fre afet afssft ast si as s ffosre fea ss 
afes #■ fess ss 1 ss 7 asfrefe §sr afe ass fre, 
waists fsa T a T s afe ?ftus sffea 7 §s re 
H'ddi'AfeH fre any? afe 7 sfo 7 s 1 

fecy afes 7 asa fea afers fos ss 7 yfe 
freare fsssr ffos s afoar si ks st ssfet s 7 
afesraTsars 7 1872 at. fre fea sdsfesa feps 7 ift 1 
as 1913 sa fes are ys sa s ss ms 74 
stast ^rerss ass rer ffeH 7 ! fs ire-ga sss 
asafo afe afes 7 £ asa rews sfear as fa# fes 
as ^as re sis 1 feffiaTj' fea ss 7 afo feayrs, 
safes, refer festsfeffssr afoare sfe atfas 
fears asa s asaas safes ss 1 

ys afire s gsraa, srss'sa 7 , afosisa 7 , 
reres, sfefefsa 7 , aferestrea 7 , awasaa m# 
re t re afes ssi 

S.y.-WT. Wf.. 9 : 286 ; WT. fa.H 7 . 4 : 174 

5 JA<;h (tfePH 7 ) :— sa STSsre s 7 fea sffef 7 

s feast #sfet 1,050 font, s sfe 1000,000 
^.fost. res s 7 rer feare ass 7 si fea s 7 ys 7 
sfre isre afire fre st as 7 s 1 fes asst jat ffo 
|-iw fre asaa fefewre s ysat fsa fre 
ffeaas 7 s 1 srs re a fes fere-asa fe fea 7 fre 
res 7 s ys sares srefe a# fes ysa-§fes-ysa 
reresfe^afer^resfrerfrerefesrsTsifea 
s afire fre mass fea st aa asfea ?fet si 

fea sfsyf 7 s 7 afet saas # are fa sa fes 7 
s 1 fefe Hstfivs 7 # fre 7 ? 7 afot s Hstfrer fre 
ressret sst si frea sfewt afire fre fes 
safe fe sf-aarst ?fet afere si fea sferr s 
afire fos arefet afes ?a ss - asa fea s 7 afot 
foa fear afosa 7 fre - ?as refrer sfe 7 si fea 
fre fea sfes freaa afes re feaifot sfet s 1 fea 
asa fea sfes 7 s 7 afot afot us sfe 7 si fea urs 
feysrasaare 1970 s ssfo fre afas fre ?rfss 
a# a s 7 afot fea fre a r few feTar s 1 sfsarj 
srers foreas aa fea fre ssssref sst s 1 

47 ° 35 ' fo. fre.; 40 ° 54 ' y. #S. 

S. y.-Wl.’HH. 9 : 286 ; dfo. ffi.S. 4 : 174 ;#'.TraT. fo. 
US. 339 




218 



wwwwdr 

SftCHol : >>f i %?57T3' — yoldcS fet fed? 
m%??hw (wfetcft ww) wi few w 1 " wdd.s;?? 26,500 
fdTWt. MW MWlfet 5 ,252,000 ( 1983 ) W 1 few wt fe" W 

Hfew few w yH'Hofl feww wi 

few WSH? wt ffetfocT WW §feW W& ffeww 
few w w $ Mfew wtM 1 " wfetM 1 " wwfetM* w >fet Mwfe" 
hw w h'Rj« 1 rew wcr wi few ww www hM w 
wwfe w mw www 1 " fefe ^ww f?w few w i few 
nwwt wfet wt uww w mw few c?ww afet ewtM 1 " wwtM 1 " 

dldl-ftM 1 " few WcT ifewfer W?7 1 few fed? wfeM 1 " 

iwww w ufet wt wwfaw feww wi few craw 
wwiwfew ??wt mw tffe" <s 'tt y '<il wft Hwfew few 
fewfe few wwt wt wfwet w i 

few Mfewww #www wfewfet wfew w r few fww r 

W I few ojft W si sS'd WW | few WWW few sl'dl HcSMd 1 
f?dl 'HIM 1 " dldlM 1 " Ort I WW _ sTW W KW-feWWW MW 
WWfewW HHtwfet W WWMWt MWfe few fet WWI ifsT 
H fed 1 W OTT WW WWW, HWt W? HdHWWt Wt WWWW 

wf wwt wi few mwwhw few hwww, twfeww, 

^FH'd'dHoi , cTWWWWtWWoT 1 ", HrtdMHol , wfew.eoc <es! 

wwtfwt Hfew mww WW I 

W.y.-^MH. 9 : 286; MW. few. 4: 175 

i'S'SHor ; Httra - — few gwfe; wrwwwr wt few 

?WWMW??HW Wtd'HU'Wl wifewiwww WfeW^WW 
W WWT WWMWt WWW MW WR- wtw trfe fe?W Hfew 

W ! few few wfew few oirtHtWf wfew Qfe dHd'W 
WWW" wfew W 160 fe.wt §few-wgw few ^fedW W I 
few wfew few MW WW W T 420 W.fw.K)\ W 1- WWW Wl" 
aw ortw 1 " wfew W fe fa" ?fe ciws MW wfew w 
fewwr fewwfww JW few HWfeMW wfw TF WW I wfew 
W MW-WW wfe wfew Wfe WW I Mwarfj" few 40 twfe 
few w?w crfew w few 1- w i 

few Hd'rtdtHloiff Qtfdidl , HW T_ WWfet, WW , 
fewww, uwwrfeor awfew m^ w Hit wwMwt 
UWfe WW I few W flriW'-W fefe WPWHfe ?WW WWWW 

fef-oFFT wt fewwfet wwt fefew JMwfe, wfodwfew 

WHWfe - , WW-WWfet Ho(W MW dtt d>' W HWWW WtT 

www nrfw wwfejw ww i few few wwfefewwt fe - wi 
few W fe«'^ r few MWWHW W 7- few WWW wt W felW 
W3W few wfeww wwfww wfer wfe WW I 

few Hfew W^ Mwfew feww 1 870 fe. few few fe 
§W WW?W fe W wfew ^wfe tWW ?WW wfe’JWWtlHW 
1872 few W<P5WWW WR 1 RW-Wf5fet WWlfTW Wt few WWF 
fwfe I wwt 3wt wfew WW*" WW WW few HW-Wftfet MW 
Hd'WidflldlW pfWMW^ W 1 " WWW WW tWTM 7 I 

WW HW WW fUS" few wfew rSfe WWT 
§W r fWM r fepir I y W.^d T MW wwfetw few W WW fe wt 
WW WW I HBW 1 " fe ‘§WWHW’ 1961 fe. W WWfew W I 



M T W r Wt - 1,121,000(1991) 

48° 00' fe few.; 37° 48' y . KW. 
y.y. - MWMH. 9: 286, >HW. fe.W. 4 : 175 

ol'd^H, d<%'* ; HUW W few felW M3" 
pfewfew W 1 " WWW 6 HWt, 1809 W §- jjr hw?W 
(Valle de la Serena) few wfeM 1 " I few MWfe aTWTcWtffecT 
few WWS" WWW wfew wfeM 1 " I HW 1848 Wt WWW Wt 

^rfet fe few # w^-fwMfefe 3" www 'wwswrd ww 1 " 

fW3' I few wt WW3W Ensayo Sobre el catolicismo, el 
liberalismo y el socialism (1851) HWlrtl WU?tt <?'ddo< 
Wt feoT §few few WI few 3WW WWfet W 1 " 
WWWW M3 W5J WW fe 3Wfet W 7 dWJ feTW" Fit I 

3 HWt, 1853 f WWfe W WWW3 W MWW W Wt 
wfew few few Wt H3 - W dfet I 

W. y. - M5. few. 3 : 623; M5.MK. 9 : 260; MW.fe 
7 : 588 

Ifeife, : few wfewfet 

fefelMfet MW WfelW fefePMW W HWt W 7- W75W 29 
HWt, 1716 ^ WfeWW WWfW (WWfe) few WfeM 1 " I few 
fe fdHd'fed WWW??" (Histoire naturelle) ??wt ^feW- 
Hfere" fe^dW W 7 " WW HW offe" I few fe WirfeM*" wtfe" 
3ofetw?7 182 wfetM 1 " wt fejfeWM 1 " offetl few fe 
fe?5"fe' feww ofet wfet-fefePHHfer , wtw- 

WTW, Mfefe M3" WWWTW H'cS^d* Wt HWA'WHcT 
M?wwwt, wfwww wt fidfejwwwt, wfew fefelMW?" Mfe 
W 1 " MfWMW WW^'feM 1 " I wwtw 1 # HWWt ^ feHW "3WWW 
ofW^fe" MW .6d'H few HWfe WW WWfeW ofWW W 1 " feWK 
cftwi 

lH?7?wt, 1800 5" Wfew few few Wt HW W dfet I 
W. y.-MW. fe. W. 3 ■■ 390 

, 'B T 37STT (Daubigny, Cha- 

rles Francoix) : few WWfetwt f-few fwWdcTW MW 
WW??cWW W 1 " WWW 15 WcS^dl, 1817 W wfew few 
WfeM 1 " I 19fet wet W MWfe few WW WWV^'Wt 
feddoOd' fewW 1 " WWW WWfe fUM 1 " I few W MWW 
fWWdeOd few 1 " W HWSTQ" few MW fewfe few fwfewd 
WWW cftwtl fewr HW?" fewwt w wwfe fwwdwfe w 
feWW" W MfeMW dd* Hdld 1836 Ht. few fed 
^felW Wfew W fePW 1 " MW fefwWW MW wfetra 
fefeM 1 " wwwt fWdWW'Wt WWW ?few I m 1843 WoT few 
fed? fW3WcWW ‘drt ywt Wc]" 1 " HW few W WoT" Fft I fee 
SFWfeW" WJW^ ?W?? HWWW Htl few W cfet few? 
MHfecT wfeF HTTfeTM 1 " MW fewt MtWfeW-UfWi" fe? 

fe??w ww i feor wwisdww few w ioo w ^t fee 

WWW 1 " HWfetM 1 "! fe" 1859 few few §" 'ffeTW MW 
MW5W’ W 1 " WHW WWfeM 1 " few 1 

feTfetfer yw"’, ‘few aiwfddi few gwfewt’ (1863; 
‘wufewr wfew’ (1 857 iM^fewW^wfifefewWWWl 




219 



fufeH, U'Mdd HO'rtld 



19 .Ud-fe) ; 1878 £ Ofey fey- fey fet K3 - ft 

yfetl 

y.U.->fe. fey 1 ". 3:391; §y>>te. 6:97; ^S.Wf. 8:497 

it? 5-, frraTt 2W .• feyfefe y fen afet 
yra >yrafeyr y - ysy 5 w, 1824 £ afe fey aty 
yya fey 3fe>yn fey Hurawlfor uu y^r yyud' yh 
for uu fey §y afet hw yy fafe ytw Iffe fey 
wy w&zk ura ^wy-gufe ufecyy art ofe yy i 
fray wfef yra T -fu3 T y yfeyy few - y 1- yyyt yt 
fey y ywygu feuyt fysyyut Hdddd’ ysfey fey y 
yfet yfet feyy feyyt fe - yyyyy fe uy yypy 
yfyyy i 

yy 1850 fey fey y ‘yt dH7fe ?y yt fey wut 
T^yat gyr yt offer fsut I >xraya ; s’ fey yfey § 
yyy yyfewi fey ctfey any fey ytray ugiy 
yryyfefe, 3Hfc(?>, yyfyy, Hdfetf?feT »fey ffiif 
ctWlo-F (8'rt y yfet i fey ^uyy fey y fey yy 
‘urayy’ yyt yut yfey fout i Butfe afeyfe y 
<yrt <6'A fey y dr si yftra yt fey i fey y urayTifey 
yfvru ?yy ywa, ftytw yt yyfi hM fey yfegat 
afe? 1- at fauti 

22 yrawy, 1874 £ diyyddfed fey ysyayu 
fey fey yt yy y yfet i 

yy.-ntyfey. 3 - 593; §u. >ife. 6 .- 322 ; >ife. ft. 7 

: 526 . 

UJffe, 06 d (Daumier, Honore) : fey 

yyfetyt uyy-snyspy, fyfeysyy, awsany yfe 

Herat 6Td y 1- 7raH 26 Sdayt, 1806 £ VC3U (Mar- 
seilles) fey yfew 1 fey £ feor attw aw fey ufeg 
yyy yt yyfara fey yfey-feyw yrw ttyr 1 hutt 
yyyy stymy fey feuyrra fifes a# yt titfei 
feyy srd'fedr y yfet yy yt mfe mfet yyfet yy 
ut Jyfefei fyyyt gf yfet 1 yay (Louver) fey feyy 
ufety Hfetyft' yd'fedi fey ugrat fttftw 
yru yt uura yfet 1 

feyy fyusr.at yt safety fey at yyyy uury 
yy yytiyyffeyyyoc' ?fet uyfe ms feyfeyfe yyt 
feray uyfe 1 mofe ugy-grfitpyr yyy 1830 st. fey 
fey £ fey yyfetfey yirafiyy ‘w ystyyy’ fey 
fegyyt ferat yfet i yy 1832 fey fey §■ nrafe fey 
yyyy ffet 6 yyfe yt htt »fe yyyw yffevra fey 

fey Le Charivari’ yyfe ffet wray yygy gnra 1 ’ 

fern fey y yy yyy fegyyy yst ffetfe yy gui 

♦s 

feyy Kyrayi sy yt fer faras yt yyfei yy 1848 yt 
^rfet ra y^yy fey y fey yyyy yyy Qy ’yyfe 
feyy ‘ytuyfey tyyyy w feyyyyyy yy fyyyyy’ 
y uyyfyy tty 1 fey feray yy ufyy yt s^y yratt 
fey yyy yi 



fife y yyfey i 9 ttyyty yrayt yra yyray 
rffey §ra few fyyy yyfe 1 40 yra - fey y ufyy 
feuyfiferyrapTy^^yuyferayfniytfefyyyt 
fey fey y yfeyt £ ^yyyyfey yu fey fetpferr >>ra 
yy-?yyit sfe y^ yyy ^yfifeyr 1 fiy i 860 y 1864 
yy fey y feyypfet y 1 " yy fenyy yt §y fed 1 uy 
ury yryfet yt yyyy yyy feyy yy ra feyyrfe y 
w<fefe T ftw 1 >mtfyy yyy fey fey yt fey yy 
TcSdi'y uray ffer ifet ^ yy 1875 yy fey nty t 

few i fey Hit feyy >>ruy uy yt fir wfy ?fet 
1 iyyyyt, 1879 yyr y yt vr^ fiw 1 yyyyt y ufey 
y fey y?wy fewfe yyvfefiy (Vaimondois) feu 
fey feu-yyt yt yyra fey fey yt >ra y yfet 1 

feyy sfet yyrar y fey yt >ra fey yw 
ufyy fey y feray 1 " ^yy yir’-fyyy 1 ' y uyyfera did 1 1 
fey yt yy y yrw fey yt ufeut wfory uy^ 
ufet yfet yoy fewi gyu >yy »ryytcr y era yyy 
fyfyferfe feu fey yfife feyfe yy ferayt fey yy 1 
fey y fey ^ 1 gyffey, gufeyy, yfeyferra, yyyy 
> H r fy feu tt fey y fyyy fyyy yy 1 

y.y.->?ty. fy.?r. 5:515; fK W. 6:99; 8 : 494 

iWH, HePlfefer (Domrosch, 

Walter Johannes) : Hnyy SUT myytor y fey 
fyyyyy ura yyftyyra y rray 30 uy-fet, 1862 £ 
yy«'Q feu yfe»ri fey y w ^fitraA^'yd fuy - 
>yy yfet yy yyftyyfe y fyftw unra ytyti yy 
1894 fey fey y iyy% §uyr yu?ft yfifey oftyt ura 
yyyy yyfty-?yy uh ofty 1 yy 1903 fey tyyfe y 
fyfcyyy feuyl yrrfefet ^ yyyy tty >yy yy 
1927 uyra yyiyy y fy^yyy feyyyyfyy fey 
fyy d'et yt - fey fey y yfeyyyy yt tu srdy 
fey 1 yy 1947 yy fey y yyrrar tu?it y yyfly - 
fyfiwr yy tty 1 ufey fey^-gu fey fey y 
yyy (Chaumorn) yyy y Ira yyyy ygy ‘unte 
ufomutfyy iyy’ y yyrsy ofty 1 fey y sfet yyflra- 
tts yyyirfeyy feu uy yfe w£ feyy afte t?ft 
tfefe yyy ufyy ufe>y 1 

fyy% fy^yyy yfey fe feyylfefy wz 
fyfrftcra >yyy y yfet yt 1 feyy afet yyffe“?yy 
fefei ‘yt Haryyy syy’ ( 1896 ), ‘et yy feyfy y 
tyyt J (1937), ‘yt §uy craar’ (1942) >yfe yyffe- 
yy <?yyy feyr yy 1 feyy afet yyy-yiufe yray 
ffet # yyftra yffew >vra afet yftra feui yy 1923 
fey fey y mfet yt-yfe 7 it ‘yt fyfuldft wfefe 
feuti 

22 yyyy, 1950 £ fefepya feu fey yt vra y 

yfet 1 

y.y.-nfe. fe.iy. 3 : 364; Sw. >ife. 6:55; ^S.WT. 
8 : 483. 




220 



flfel, Itlfenofe 

^HfeoT lltsldHM'A (Domenico Venezi- 
ano) : sfeox m feo fonooro fan I non xnnt ofer 
no 7 sot wot nffex 7 , afe feo ofo fonfoo o' fo 
i^rftnr (Perugia) feo for yn hootox xt >xo 1439 
If. fen feo OttdX OH 7 fOPXr fat 15 xtt, 1461 £ 
XFOOt XO OcT fOO 7 I 

fen yoo-noiof Iot n non foddocd 7 >xo 

15lt Hit O Old'H nunfe n nfelw fen feor nf 1 

fexn annoo 7 ^^nfax 7 n It fed j 7 aobx 7 on 1 
nluD fedd fxupxcs 3” ryd'riH 7 ?! IdflA 4(5” nfetefe 
It Hdd'oOril n i fen fono ano It nd'a moo feo n i 
fen feo no 7 n n fen It fonfet fnn oni Unit fen 
fofdd di«dl «S 6 fen ifeo o i txfol It git 
floa ‘It ^afan xfsr ofefan fen In non’ n 1 fen 
If fddd ,c s«l 0 cvfe - It got fen olf 00 ?l It 
xrito o?n 

O.y.-xrn.ff.H 7 . 3 : 611; Iff.WT. 6 : 345 

#3?>, xi'cso* : feolt n few nfoo n 
^rfefer fen nrnf-fefopyfef »fe xxnlt nooraw o 
a 7 ?! n 7- n?nr 29 nxao, 1840 £ noxlt fen 
noonfe (Szczecin) fen ofexoi If. xfo. Hot (E.h. 
Haeckel) It onr-ao OO OTT 7 (Jena) fen fen n Ife 7 
n ofet oifo 7 n Fgo-fefapyfe xlf nr%3t-fefepKr?r 
nnnt ife 7 cftHx 7 i 

Hnl<v (Messina sic) fen 1860 It. fen In non 
nn fen £ xxnlt Ife Ino ife aran ffet xroonnf 
nooixw It Ife xlonx oof i Inn fe fen no It uont 
sfef afenn fen fen yooraw ao^ffet i fen yoonon 7 
It nfoltfeinnn nrtnupnn 1874 If.fenoftorfdPx 7 , 
xaio fen It fexoo fen wf In 7 few i cmpr It 
fan ffet fendfetiro Ifenw It aofefeti nn 
‘Iron’ It xofeo 7 sit fefeafnofe, nonfe xfe 
nfen HH'fedl'fe n omfe o'h« non m In of Ifer 
XfO V^fen n XO 1 ? nit Utnn-SHftfe (Specimens) It 
nunfet fen It ^nn Ifer i 

35 nw 3oT yrgt fefOTWOoT HOHcO #071 It 

In-on >«nte nnn 7 four nfe fen In 7 ?! In In Ife 
fennon fefnpHfet fen nonn §" Inn' ffet nffen on i 
fen fen I fen offero - R'DQni It Hninn offet i ^n 
hx 1 It nfe-fefopjpncr nn Ife fen unoinw n - 
non Inn nn 7 ? ftw i oo In 7 fenr ncroin r nfe' ffet 
fen fen ^nfer Tixon fnn olti 

fen fe fewsr ton I fen?n nfet I nfe-nn - 
XXO Ml g?nunt-nyn (Fauna and flora) IfeO vfe- 
onn ?fef It xn cffeti feffsn fen 26 xnao, 1899 
§■ fen It >fe o ofet i 

O.U. - WT. fe. 7 : 505 



old 1 tri' : nofe I fen ofet nfe fen^ 7 ?! n" 
mi 1508 It. fen Hxn (Limoges) fen ofenni fen 
fesr mxto nfonn tow xni ra Hti felndr iouo sran 
xora 1 fexn xno feor Mfonfrun tOorot orolt neon 
Itnt nfe 1547 It. fen fexlt ffexTom xfe fit 

nonr fen S' 0C«rt 3 ", nnn (College de Conqueret) n - 

sf'feddrnd anr fenr fopxr i Crffenr fen fen I nn 

ofelw n n^rfew xfl fife' offe 

sofetlt non nfe xlon I n^-feoxrn nit fen 
xnar drfex offet fnnn fen nn xno ha i fen xons” 
w I xn-onn nfbn feor nl nfe >nnn' w fe 
Hlnofer I xn - g 6 ' 7 ?> 1 ' ^Hxr I now It xxon 

fed I I 

tor £ crol gnfet xfe wit*! nfenr 
fenti ferjr orfen^f It feicfet 15,000 n 1 In It 
oloft i feor feemrn on I nfe fen feorfen, feofet 
nfe noxfet H" nfnn ofenri x?r 1556 fen fen 
‘cmnr aifefe fen gorfet onr nr ntno fegnn n 
fepn fan fen 1567 It. fen foorfeo nn nor feflxr 
feor I n'd«H ?fe" fe fen ^ Poeta regius n 7 nn I oT 
HAX'fAd offer| 

nfewt ?fexo, 1588 £ ufon fen fen It xn n 

Ollt I 

O.y.-wr.fe. 7 : 591; wr ff. yr. 3 : 626; >x?r. »ot. 
9 ; 263 

; Inlt xnn xrn yonom n 7 Ifa 7 Ifer 
nfoxn n farm 79,096 ^.fer.xt. nno It rm-fenfat 
nonr n 1 fen nffeyr nnn n ntw n xronrfen now 

fen few I nfex It Hxt fen nfenn 
fafvfenfefr u^rg- fe nn sro I, Ife 770 felt, w 
nfer nx oran xorl ynd.oi'» I Inol nflo I Anntcr 
wr xoferoTO fen m ffeomr ni xrryl nfenl 110 
fe.vft. fat nno fen fen xnn xfef yonom fenfet 
nn It non On 1 rri yonoFn It on n xrCrat nsr 48 
fe.xt n Odd fen fen ofet feor urfetxf 7 fen ojno?i 
xn , to 7 anr§|r ofexr xonn xnfe fen non fen 
n 1 fen ofet xd'n ffet xrojor xfe go life It nx-r- 
nxfet ofet ni fen I xofe fen xno few oro 
felfet on cron 1892 It. fen now fe n^r 
?fet fefexfeln (Leixoes) 0000X0 mfet Ollt ffefe 
1916 It. fen norfeodft mwfeorfxn offa 7 fepxr i 

fen nfexn, fnnfet xffe nn-fenfet Inonfe ^ 
non xofeoyoo ni 1930 fexl n fe I fexfe nn- 
fenfet xfe fnnfet ffet fexfan no n nafexr 7 fepx 
ni fen fefe afexF xfatt>n3 7 few fej nfevft goir n 
xn n Isrr n xfa i960 I no 7 ! fen xife It I? 
fenfet nr nxfe fon 7 faoo fen n nfer fetn 




221 



fdTFF I for del 1 ydd.dl'rt FF 8d6UH<F 8# HfSc<cl«^ y 
sfefe 333 f fefTC# HWFf of3y y | 

41° 08' §\fey.; 80° 40 ' U. 3¥. 

3.y.-#5. fey. 4:200; #5>tfH. 9: 315. 

§75" : Hrftra - — U33p 333T # H3 7 felF33K3 y 
diH’ddl Ft# 35Ffef Hfe3 ¥ fyyd r sPefel'y y #33- 

ygy f#y f-yffey §y ^fe>>r y ! Ffycrry 

fey agm ffj fffft etMjiferf pyg- 
my HpFF yffe, H r 8)c<3 Ff# sfecFFp 83ypFF 
35 I 

3B<y Fiulrt fen yfey y fe c w’ iff - 1 fey wfdd 
§■ #V #V yfeFF fey dw wrt?r gfey y 
Ft 5 ¥y 3m3 y 1 yxidrypy Frfw fey feu yddteT y 

fsiQoi FF Ht , d-H¥ T >f fdO 1 l.flfS" fed Ortl 3H5 Wfe 
fed yy3 fdd r I HU7ff d8H8ddl FFJp5 dfe<± fell" 
1674 fed - 3 hP yyy y sm# 35 yp fen §y y fen 
f ^dfe fey HFHW offy 3" d'-HU'cSl 53 3 SH3 # 
8H6H5 (Besancon) fey yd 1 Mdl I Mfed tfpFF 
^d36Mdl yfe fey 16 #t Hyf tF fdl'di-T FFJ 33p 

iffw fefaF>Fyf y 7 ujy 5333 35 1 
W# - 25,445 (1982) 

47°06' §•. fey.; 5°30' y. fer. 

3. y. -#71. FfH. 9: 254; #71. fe H 7 . 4:604 

(Dhole) : fe3 affcFF yP 3P5s/l (Canidae) 
33 y fedr yyfeffet yyfep yyryfeP H'6^d yi fey 
ft iFcrP fefewTiy ?fe fa^FF5 Fteyfefyy (Cuon 
alpinus) 3 I PidH£> dfe si fel #P FFty 35 1 fed FF3 H3 
3 #yy yyyf Hdi3 fey fersy yy i fey fey yfet 
§fyFF cTH 1 feor feyyrny fey y fe fey y yy# ifey 
yfe y 7 fey h^ 7 yyf yyi us" ft Pyrv-d 1 fey yf 
3wP 76 3 100 y. hP. Ffe ug- yp 3yfef 28 3 48 
y. yt. >H3 yy 14 3 21 fe. dF y cfefe 337 y 1 fey 
y ddl Ultt 1 FF fFf? 33 H'dtF gd 1 3 HcTFF 3 I Hdld 

y 353 fyfep>F y Syr yy 333 yy y i 




#3 



S3Hfefe 

#3 ofep yyqfet yfer y fecry ayy 35 1 fey 
ttdlsfdl 25~30 H'rt^d 1 y §3 y<i'c< feoT5 3 # 3F3 
3dfe f335 >H3 iHdlttl ¥3 W feoFF 333 351 omP 
33 y fey oF3p H3 >X3 fey FFfy ^33 

35^'di' y #t fecF3 om 33 35 I fey y 3t3¥-cF3 

3 33feFF y yy y >yy fey feor gy fey 2 3 6 
yfeyF 5 rT?ry fyy 35 1 

F.y.-#3. fe.>F. 4 : 58; #5. fe. 7 : 349 

SJttrdl, ol'drt (Dolci, Carlo) : fe33P 3 fey 
f333oF3 y 353 25 Hyp, 1616 5 3333 fey 
fey>>Fi fey 333'at 333 y Iyer y# y #33 
feyFory fey 5# 1 fey 5 #yt §33 fey 3t fyyBcrfeP 
ora?# if am fyfep yt fi# 1648 yt. fey Ffcryyt y 
Hfey yfeFFi fey #!ff gyfelFF fergy fey ifeyy 

ft# yrnfedr fefeFF 5 * 3 - yyyy fy 33 35 ! fey yp 
fe# gyy yp y^yyy # Ffy fey fey feryfe 5 y 33 F 
y 331^^1 gyy 33 ) 0 # ?iy ypy feTFF yifeyy 
yyfe fyyy ffu 3 yy fey yyy i{fim 5 y 1 fy 33 

fey y Hyp yfey f#y H^y 351 yfepFF t yy 
f#y uyyfey sfpy f#FFi yt-fefey, ‘ygiyyy’, 
Hfy #fe yfetey, ‘yy #srp# ufegr ypfy fyy erfyp 
fe<^H 5 ’, ‘yfry fey yf yyrfey fff ¥ 3 ^ 33 ’ ‘y- 
ypgy gfegr yp Ife’ FFfe fey y y yfwfyygy 5 i 

17 H77¥3p, 1686 f 3333 fey fey yP H3 3 

dfepl 

3.y.-#5.fe.3.3:604; #5.»aH. 9:234; ¥3.#7T. 6:332 

(Dolomite) : fey feor 633853 
yfeiH y fey y yFFfyfecr y T 3H3 r CaMg(C03)2 y i 
fey fey ff 3 sray HdisPwlFry yP fe y^P veny f#y 
sy, H3i6ly ff t3ypFfy yy 7 y i cfe cry yyyy, 





33>FHfe 




222 



#83 

fagg, few 4ig gfeyr yt 933 gt ufg htw feg 
#gy $ few gg i iggfefe fey gw Pfegfefeyr gt 

H 7 " W 1 " 39 33 3+ feg tyoid'Afe fen 413 §93 

Hgifety gt ygg 7 " 39 33 w gggfegfefe fey stg tt 
Hfe 7 " 31 

#3H 7 ytg fdcfe 1 3-gw gy 7 " g 4tg feg yt 
gggg tggfefe gg fewt gwt 3 93 feg y 
twjktK >jrfe?r yt4F ytw-^y gw ygt 33 + ?ra 
HdiWfefeyr ygg gyffey gFtnF wg wfFk gy i 
fegyfecoj - 4rfey 7 " yt gg 933 Ca ++ 4rfey>- 4i3 
Mg ++ 4frfeyt §t fed" y#t 933 3 ydffeyy gyt 3 I 
yy-4rfeyr- §t fen fH8>feA3d 3ddfe 939 Ut 

d^H'dld yt y<idd' ofrtH'tilg 3 ggyt gyt 3 i 

#yvffet3 fey FFK few ^'8' yferiT g fridd 1 
srst 3^ yt4g ptfeoT gw fey few 7 " g i feg w 
3g 3 4if3 gfelgg wt yaw" fey gy g fay fey 

3 OrtdlslHdAlddfS 3 S’ #8H'fed HdlH3H3 93" iH't!' 

gi yV 3g 3 fygfefe ggggt few fey few g 
fay feg tfegfefe ygy y 7 " gw fife 7 " ywfy 7 " g i feg 
ggg 7 " yg-gyg feg gt fewy 7 " g i 

tyygfefe wh ig 3 fy# 7 " fe 33T3te gy 7 " g fay 
yt feftrag ujyy 7 " 2 .9 413 figg y#K 3 ygyfet 3 . 5-4 
gyt g 1 #y > H3 gy#" gg 1 ? <yw fey yt feffegr 4if3 
yfet ggt" 3 feg 333 fey yyyfefe 3 yg§ gt 
feyfeng w Hew 31 

3.y.-Hor.»H3. g. 3. 4 : 292 

S5 rtd : Aydd 331 4fHdld' 3 y93r-93Ht 

ocrtdfe d'H feg feg gfe3 ggg fey gfeyg 3 
fadd 1 W Ort'd 1 9d'd' feg feoT£5" 3 yy3"-3sTy 
feg ¥drg r gfeyg fufefe 9fe feg gt" few g feg 
ffeggufegfegOd'si'd'Fi ^fet feg feorew 3 feg 
g §ggt" ft# 3 feg >mjz\ fey ngfeeor ?fet gg 
fegro" 333 w ffew g 1 400 fer. gt. g 1 " gggg feg 
o<do( feg Hgfe Addld ocwd'd gfegf 1 " feg tF ffew 
g 1 933 g fegf feg gfe 3T3Hfer g gpgg feg 933 g 
fuuj33 gg feg feg ufet few w g ug 33 
3T3>fefe feg wfe w gfe 1 " g 1 tfeg gfegg w feg 
fegg ggrfeor pfeNr g 1- ufet fegfet ?fet ^gffeg 1 " 
gfe 1 " gi gg 1765 feg feor gfefe wfe few g 
few ?3fe 3tfe 3 iwiw JOT 3 3TT #33 (Rio de 
Nuestra Senora de los Dolores) 31943" I 

gy-fegfe. g. 3: 609 

1 ^3 ; fw-3>ff — fefeit gw gfe" feaifeg 
gw §" gw ?w fedifesi' Fife fer fegfe Ifew 
gfeng feg feor w-sxg g i feg w feggg gyg w 
Mh (feg) 3 #u aft-gg (w.) w §feg 

cS r d9 SdttsJ 3 SrtS (gfe.) 3oT 9" I feg few ufet 3 



W§ feg §93 gw wfefe 93" 333 g93-ufeK 

af34F dfdd 1 3 93 fe3 §33-y39" W 4f'§gl4F 
93 1 " d'dcS G«d #t" 3 dfe 1 31 feg 3 fe #F3 H93 
feg 3 33 gggg tF ggt 3 g, 3 1 gt ft-py g i feg 
3H3H3 feg HH'd-yg feg gg 3 393 ggg3t 
^gggfet ggt g 1 933 ygfet gffey 3 gt feg fediA# 
33 ggiit Hgfetg 373 pfggfet wt fggfeg agg 
4f3 ggwfet gfeft ng?r 393 ggt gti feg g 4gg 

^ 1 K 5^ , <o 1 oOHdcfe M3 cAtt'd HhiOd 9\^dd^( 1 ”0 ' d cfe 

feddtpp- 433gFgt #333 oTdgfey gg 1 

feg gwHf 933 ygfe" gffey 3 fefegw 
ggfetw gt gi- fegr g 1 gg 1588 feg fet gt 413133 
g gggt gygat gg 4f r 3vt3 T g gfepy gt 1 9fgg gg 1 " 
gfe ggg #t feg ‘t^g Ogg’ fe3ig-4fH3t#t nyggt 

93 3 33-94393 gt 413 feg gt §9 g 4f9 ggtggig 

w gfe ggw g gffey 5 # i feg H3+ fey ggg ggfe 
gr |M H9" ifeggt fei ggfer g gw 3 

fefegfet4F gt4T tfe 37Wlf 93 33#" #33 93gt4F 
H3I 

feg gwgf t 1875 gt. feg gfefet #3 #9gg 
gfefe 39 333 # yg oftg 1 " gt 1 

51° 00' §". fey.; 1° 30' 9. 39. 
y. v- wr. 4ffr. 9: 317 , • fey. fe. y. 4: 201 . 

trw : fej 1 " — feaiw" gt #fe orfegt g 939t 
fgg feg #33 ggg feg gg 7 " fed ffe^ 7 " g 1 feg 3 

933W 312 3.fe.Ht. 4l3 41 7 9 r gt 102,800 (1982) 3" 1 
feg fet^ #33 ggg, ggfe 413 33 ergot gg 7 " cv« 
#9" yggt gi ygfe gffey 3 gt fegiwfe 3 ggot 
ngfety ^fe gfet pggrgfet feg fg?j feg gt ggt gt 1 

fe^" gt4T 93fet4F Qddai'd 1 ' #^3, #1413 413 

gfefeg 4fg g fe# gfgg 7 " feg ggg gfetyf" 33 1 feg 
feyfeyg g gg g ?w ?w tf'd gt4i r 93t4r ggyg" 
feggtyg 331 

y.y. -fey. fey. 4: 201 

¥W& : H^ra - — feafesr gt #g oy§gt gt 
feGfeyg 93 , 3# 1 " gfgg 413 yfety gggggg g fggst 

W3 3 107 fer. Ht. 939-g93-y39 33 #33 
H39H3 §3 Hfe3 31 #33 g?5^>lf #119 35 fe.Ht. 

gg ggfe g wfe gfgg 3 feg 3t fey tfey w hw 
gi 

feg 9 r gt3 gfeg g fggg 7 " gwfe g 4r§3 3 
ufeK 7 " 3fe4f gffey gt i fey gt ii4 vft. fw, 9393t 
ggt §93 #33 ggg 3fe" yfe fey feyg 93 1 " #" fedi«d 
3 ggtfey yyy J gg 3t ggyg yg ffey gt i 

ggggfe.g ggr 33" §33 n #t ggt feg fed 
fed i A# 3 gggg gfeg 4i§ fegiAfe g §g §3 




223 



nafew wet gy ffirarior trey* fey fear 5# 1 yy ko+ 
feu yyg- gyry £ ^gr g-fag df feg yfef gyfej- 5^ 

fen yfey £ gfet warrew ufedfaw uy fug 1 fen £ 
WUfear rddi ?>'W OH'd few feWI feiTarfJ fey 
ureter yfey yf ywg ufy yf gyy £ fewyt y i 

yyyynyf atfew 3 1 fewgr feyarrj fey apyty- 
QyCidi, fetferterfyar ?yw Hauy fyfeferar yy gt 
feareywi affe^yfefefeHwfey 12 gf nyf 
y afe yTsfeyfecsl yte, fay fey 1871 fey tfey 
ocfiH tfe few ferw yf >yy vfefer fa 6 13 gt yyf 
y d'rt gayara-iyr y?r 1 

WHfet - 32, 843 (1981) 

5i°08' §■. fey.; i° 19' y. sy. 

d. U-WrisW. 3:644; >H?T. >MM. 9:317; & fg.g 5:268 

i nyc<d are wtdloc fey yyyr-uyyf 
terfe yufey are yt yagas’ apfeyf re yfey y fayy 
ffeg yfew §yr, fteyyvfy Hfey 3 1 17 fe. Ht. ffey 
gw yfey y i fey yap" fey 1623 at. fey xife wif 
great w af git y?r wf fyyyw ?te yf yyyf ayfey nf i 
fug 1 1633 at. fey sgy rear Sw wg yfey yf wure 
affyf afef yt 1 fey fa# 1 reg nfey fey y ww-yww 
fearfay yfewi 18 gf wf 19 gf yet fey fey yfey 
£ arfet 3dfart gfyf 1 fey gfefw-gfetw feregyr gf 
ttdaalw afetw 1 wRcyy fey °ru#, festw, are fay, 
uwyfear wf feywt y Hirer fewy aftre rere y 1 

fey yfey y Hyre re §gy i65i at. fey few 
wf feyf 1855 at. fey yfey y yyy feryifay arty 
fewi yfey ytw gysrefear urey fey gfaiter 
feyyffefey , fear fefagyar wafey ury y 1 

WHret - 22,377 (1980), 

43° 12' fe. fey.; 70° 56' fewy. 

y.y.->Hy. wf. 9 : 317; wr.fe.H T . 3: 644 



sgy yt ycrt 

& Ffet : fey yut 1670 at. fey fearer 
wf yafe feyapy yet 1 fey fear urfayf fait yf fey fey 
fearwg £ gyu fey gyterfyf wtyfw yt feyfey yyy yt 
yvrt dal >xy yy« fey yyfe y yyyy wyt yyg y 
feymfe y yyfre yy £ urefffey y 1 nyat wyfet 
fyg^y fret Haftfet yy w g T w r aftw yf 1 

wfff fey 1670 at. fey ygy ytw y yutw 
yatw yy, fet^ - fey fear ajuy yf ufe §y yy yyyy 
yyfrer y ggfr y Hfsynany" 3 1 fyy fary yy £ ?fet fft 
uwi fey nut feywfe y §yy tyfoy uyy wfew 
aray yy yf wf fey yft £ ynjfre gy y HHayy yuy 
yf 1 

y vtl yut fear yy-ff feyf farny yf yut yf ure 
Syfear afsyy tyy aarfuy yf fyy wi wat yyg 
yf feg wa affyyyfey y Hgary ufe+ ^grg 
wfev aryy nt 1 ajuy mtt 1 gy, 1670 £ §ur fret 1 
fey yut y gyywu fey ywrer yt fy, yy fyny- 
w wafferer yt #yy gt yyt 3^ nrey yyi fey 
wyyy yyfre yy £ 20,000 fe ua fe te a 
6,000 gyretyt fwfetw yf wyy gf fefafet at ^ far 
fy wuy wu £ fey ayy yyfeg urfyy are rfe 1 fey 
3 1 fefygT fy f yy 30 ,000 ufe ywiv fHfre - h?t y^ 
far Od sry feaftr fey feu fey yo-iy y Hg 1 Odcv 
uy 1- fey fey yyy gt aftff afet yf fe Hu?ft 
fywfeary gw feaiwg, yyt y yurfew yt yayy 
fyyfey afew 1 yfew £ yy craw tpyy ayvft fett y* - 
31 yyyy, 1670 £ wy ygafet jalfew ywy yt 
iur affet afet 1 

fey fert yr uyy yywt gw ug 3^ ary gt rgf 
?y yfew, feffe yyt yyg’’ 3 1 " ggw feu fey yt 
feaynut auw fit 4 f 3 yawn yy 3 guffsg uay yt 
u?re Huniw yf ayife ywryyyt yrafy £ yt Fwfuy 
arew £ guy yyi-ffy fyyf yf 1 

y.u.-wr. fe. w. 4 ■. 201 





feu iferut" W §<jfe' WH Z ; SUUT u 7 

uu 7 wyu ui feu yau*l fewnu ui ufe ut ?fe u 7 

%WZJ feu 7 HU ul - s?H ?UW dcTdfefe H feu Ut UcTt - 
guut ui feu wyu wife wuuyTU ?t j t wife 
WSWU Ut 1 1 feu fefe 

U 3+ wife >HWW 1 U U tUU 7 UU frfe tS'He 1 H HU 
fefU HHU feUdPU W tH 1 ^ U 7 HUfe WSTl-PJ'ci U HU 7 U 
frfeotufeti 

ufew U HU H feu HHU, UU, U^ 7 , HU U >HUU 
feu 7 U >HU feHHU U HU H feu UTHUfe fcUHJU % 

wju uuu 7 u i 

feu WHU UUHt Imfr U 7 fecfUH |U U I Uffet HUt 
feu feu wife" hot §u feu yu few uh feu He] 7 
feu ruthut u uuu fust yuu 7 tri ufafet hh yuu ut 

Hfefe Hut ut feut H UHU 7 >HHor U fdldcVd ut HUH 
U UU uf U feu U U 7 (d.) |U U I fHUt HUt feu ut feu 
WUU|UUor^^yufePH 7 5 : itlfeH'U 7 UU( = ) nt 
feu ow^y iuf jw uuuu 7 u ferdcuu ut uuur ^ 
§dru ku feu u i (W5U 7 fouf UHU-yfefe feut hw) 
UfeHUtfeUUUT 7 i-Kd^dHUU U'rt Hdd ut feut feu 
feu wuu u feuoru ut tru ufe ut iy# yuf ust #yu 
feu w§ut ?ri feu feu u 7 (-) feu |u uu fewi 

UUT 7 HHUHTUH U WUUWU U UU U^ feut feu feu 
iy# uhu fu feu uuu wQUl ui feu feu u 7 feu 
( ia_ ) 3 U UI sfet Hut feu uugut U HU U UU nt 
foift feu feu wyu u 7 uu ( u^ityufeuwfeu 

U orfet UU HoT >HHU |U U HU UI feUTT ^Vf U 7 H3U 
HW ofUU 7 ufew feu Hf^f Hut HoT W UUfuW feu 
Hut feu UyHH 7 <S r dof ut UUfeUH feut H 1 feu U 7 
feu UU UU fePH 7 ! feu fTJUH ?o^, tufet feufel 7 
feu feu U 7 WRoU dU UU few I 



»#3 UIUH^ 



WHUFW 



HUUU 



( 37S ) 



( 400-500 tf. ) 



( 532 d ) 



( 500-550 ) 



UUE HM fe! feus ( 604-6*7 ) 



6 TUHT W 



IUIH 



( 800 ) 



( 000 ^ 1 . ) 



( io <f n& ) 



(n<nd) 



cC &3 ( 1 1 ) TJtWU ( 120 * a. ) 



( 1559 ) 



TO 






tufe^ 



K330 ( 16 *fl H^} ) 



(H^ ) 



'Mw* w HUS tft { 1559-1574 rt. ) 



xrewa»&i u^tn fg» ffiw (it « m 


















225 



tfedw 



3J3" (Vrtof ife ftt feyt dl fcTi ‘Udt’ fHdtttf 
?fet dirt fed fed h^w ftfe? ^ i fed wt djddftf 
folft fed fewH Hcf-d? cTHdt d I ftd d 7 " FTKoT HfclUd 
W HJ cfid 7 few d 

“dt dftd fw wfe ft# fed gfe fe# cfe” i 

ftftt folff ft ft" ft H" ft ddcT ft dot fed ftV? 
§% ftf ydwft ft fed feomd dfenri oftfe fed ft 
fedoT? ftt ftft iffe ftt ufet idff dt ft dftt dwt yftt 
dftdddd fed W dfet I fftfife (ft <? folffid 1 " d 7 fed 
VHd ftt dddd ft OTfft W fedd Wft 7 ? d :— 





ftg 


ft ftt 


irfet 


olfert 


rt'dldl 


1 


d. 


d. 


V 











ftfe 


djddtft 




HW 


d'cidl 


ddiddldt 


z> 


& 


— 







d.y-d. y. fo.H.3T.fo\fc. >tf. -3 T . ftm fftd fttf; 
3T. fa. 3T. "did ft ffttf; K. d 



: ferd d 7 fed fefftddrar fife few 
fftd ftt id 7 ddt dfddtd fed d I fed ftt Hdftd 7 ddfe 
3Jf difife few ftt ft Hdd fed dft dft ajddMfe ofdft d 
ft fed fife ft #3? ftt fed 7 " ftft HdlddT feoT fftftdfed 
ftt ftt fft ft I fed ft d#ftt dfejd fed 1- fed 1- d I dd 
ft ftt U#fe dftdd ft yfedyd FFfdH ft d 1 " 3d H?f d 7 " 
ft ftt ft fed d 7 Ofe dd?T life I 6(V ft tjdS' Vdd ft 
did BffeWI §d EP" §3" Hdd 3?dd dfew 7 dfew d 
W3" dldti'y'd 1 ftt cV <H> dt d I dJftWd ft (ft ft dVit(5 

fttftdftdfttdl 

dy.—K. ft. 

^3" : fed fife fift 7 Wfeddd, dfddfe 3377 
ci'dft fed KW dffe HdH?T ft 8 fftfe-ffed dVd" 
dl fed fife dt ddftd 7 dt ft ddftfed dftdd iW 
dddd dlddddd ftdoT d I fed dfddy-Fd 7 fife ft (Vtt df 
USH ftft ft d I ft" ftt Udd ofdd-cidft fed fefdoT 
fed »ffe HTfl ufftftft ft ciftff fife fed ddcT life" 
W3 fed fed HW ft Ufeftd fttd 7 dtl fed HdJW 
fftd 1 " djddyrd 7 " dfeyf dfe»r d yfft ^ 1 w 
fddfedt Hd^TT 3?n dd 1 " fife frnft d 7 " dl fed 

ajddydd ft ft" dfe Ud O (cVtt dvffe dH'M^'d dfeydd 

feur ft HdTdfet ddt dl ajddyfd ft ?d75" dt fed gfe 
d I fed 7 " tfidT d fe fed did ftt ft ddd dft dd I fed ft 



ftd fed ftlfd ft ifd 7 " ddd dt dfdd dd Bd d?iil dd 
ddd dfe dt dfePH 1 " ft fed HB 7 fTdTd 7 " d I 

d.y.-H.ft. 425 

^fe-^ddll ■ ftfe fed Ifcdd d 7 " ‘hm >dft 
ddd’ ddd dd 1 " d fftd ftft ddd 1 " H%»T dd 7 " d 

Mft fed dt Hc(rt ddj" dddft ddt dl Udftt y(ft Kddt 

ftt fed ddftt ft ddT dd I d3" ft dd dd fed Vdd d 

H H dd dftH 7 " 0 dirt' <rS 1 <H> drPfePlf 7 " fftd 1 ’ d I sf'dd d 

ftd ftd fedftdyft fed fed ft fttr ftd ?d>r yfe yrord- 

IToTd dddd did I H'cSGfe'dl , ddftd dddddd, H'dild 

uTdd'd yfft yfdddd" yffd dd 1 " fed 5Hd, dftd 1 ", 

tdt, ddd (dfed) fft Udd yfed ft id? 7 " d 7 " ?ddc5 
ftdftdddl 

FTddt ddftd ft Iddfer >}fft ddoTdtiT ftd-dditd 
fed ifedl dd ofeoc (Huduka) dt doTd >Hft 
d T d?f fedt ftft ?ddll dl ddftfid ddftd ddd (oldd 1 
d 1 ". fdHddt fddd") UddoT ft fddd" ft: 159, 160, 180 
Wfd d fed dTd dddd ddt dl Ufdd, dfeidd 7 ", 
dddddTf >Hd dOdt ddd ft cfet itf feft'fedft fed 
dd H'd yfftfeij ftt dd Ejftd 1 " (d^ dl'fecS) JTdd 
dd'fe^K 1 " fftd 1 " dl 

H'ddfi — feoT yrtfriF ftd Jdd d fftd dt ddd 
dddt ddftd ft dd ddd fed oftdt fftdt d I ddfed, 
d I dd >5fd fftdd fd7ft dt ddld ^ dfedft d 7 " dddd 
dfdd (dft) ftt nryfftd ddftd fed Vddd dl dftdd 
fed ofdft cfet ddftdcdd H 7 ddl1 dt ftdd 1 " fed fed 
fedft did fe £ d 3dT dfedft ft’ I 

d'd'dfi 

feoT ftcfet ft TO" d dddt d I fed ft ddft" fed d 
ddd 1 " df^H 7 " dd 1 " dl fftld dfe Odd) dfife d 7 ? 1 " 
ddfife dd I fed ft tfd dfe dfife Q’dltt' ft dd idd 
^H'fe^T fed 1 " dl dft dd fed fed did ft" ofdfet 
(Bow) ddt d fftd fed Ufft dt yd" ft dft dd I did 

ft 3 T d T (Vrt ddTd ft ) >f r ? T d ftdt fftdt d I dfedft dt 
yiddif dfe ddft iffe 1 Hdd ddt d I 

dfe >Hft dddll dt feftftl ?dd ddfet ftd dftft 
idW yfd ddftd d I iddfift cffed 1 ? 7 , df dftd, ftd 
>)Id dddtd 7 " dfilft dft dft H'ddll idW dl 7 " ft fed dd 
yfe ftdldd ddld cftd 7 " fftd 1 " d I 

ddHif ffed rtdrt 1 

: dW ft dFFd ddT ft HdTfd" fftft fed 
HftdftdW dfdHft d 7 " fed feoT fife d fftdft-yfe d 
11 fft.Ht. (d. 7 Kt?5") dt ffe d gdt->>IHddI^ HdoT 
fd^iwdi 

Hdd'"d sfdld ffed ft d 7 " feoT ftd ddld fed dt 
fife d 1 " dHd75" Fftl fd Hdd 1 ? ft? 1 " fHW ftcfdfeft d 1 " 
fed Hfd-dfet ftt I ftd ft ftd dt ydfddt dt Ifdd 





















feo< 



226 



ufoio god'refet H'docer feoo W3 owre fw §tt hvt 
fe ufew ferworar 3 TTorere feoo y:ai'w oft3t ) 

Hd'Ofel 3 §7Tf *'0*55 ffefe H5J 33 fen 1- 7ft W3 §3 
ot §77 fe H3 0 3lfe I §77 fe 5507 75 HHoCdf 55§t feo 
fw fere few few I fen fe 3 24 TTfere §• 03 7055 
§77 3 KTotfe ffej 7 # 3 ffeg-feo H55 7 553F3 7 3 W3 
of , sl fdl<i dl fere 55^ feTT H55 fere 507755 03 075 I fe5T 
3 ffesre 7 refer fe 9 33fer £ fet 3T3T 7 Grtt 3 7 feor 
gw H55 7 fe 553T3 7 gfefft 5537337 20 ,000 fe ferdfe 
fere 357 feoffe O' 703 3771 

fw fere fere Hdorfet ferew Hfw wf feor faore 
refegfeoi 

F.y.-feH. 937. H37. 442 

7o'b( : feo fec7 5557 dfld TO ffe-l'cV O' ftTdd 1 3 t 7 
3 feTFoT (W, W3T5T 7 ) fed Ut(M O' I fed Oh <?55 
gFfenr too 7 o tot fw feworfe £ refe hV reg 55# i 

fere f%nfoT3t w# §3 refe gtr re srre fe Sfe §tt 
£ oofere 7 >fge gnfere nre ?f 3 t few £ 

pggg^fiFgfewSgfwHfegr^^i 

03 55C7 7 re 7 few^'H O' fe for 33T cV 55 JOT tF fedd 
ftfeW ifeO O' >33 5TU re 7 fefew fewrfe f§55re55 
cblol O' iTO 77 77 I 

yo.-fOTOre. 1 : 348. 

: fecT H3Tt3o7 703 §3 faofe fere feF7V7 
fe #fe t?5oft W37t Ufe O >33 lofflW 3 Wlfet TO 
Horet 3, £ ; W 7 # SWSPd' £ refet 

wfew 703 7 O' ! f§3 refet W77 573# feg 7 few - 5" 
§37ore w§g refe orgsTtwr £ fefws 3 ^rgrr ^ 
3V feg - ^TTyW HHt feH 3F ^ TTfeM 1 " fere 
sl'^d) 1 H Q dy ‘U sid'd dc 1 ) I 'd'cil FTEF WH dd 3" tl 1 d 
ofW'oFd'- w ure - g i e w ^Frfre w, feor Hfegft (ife 
ggre) 3 >w w ffefwre srauT 3 3 fefe- 

33T gre 1 ^^ 3 1 3 W ^tF§3 ^ 3t3 3JT W 1- cT3?7 
?fet yy fret'3 sreorfet > 3^33 fw w et 333 3 
y§3t 3F@re 331 Rfeoft WW WK oT33 133 3t 
wrfre 1 3 ^FV 33f 3T r §fe T I fe3 ^fet cTffTcrre >HoTH 3 
feffe?3 W 33 3F§re 03 f33 5333 ^3t 3 >H33 33 
3I'G3 W3, 3J3 3FQ3 W, o(l3dl oT3?7 ?F >53(3 
U333 3 ,3fe I 333 T 3 3 fet WW »F3 J 3 1 # foRF 
3- 

‘oG^ 3 33 3 3fet Hd'd'H 33 cFG 1 

3J3 ?33cr 3 §7^ 3 H3T33 31f 3 T fe3 T 3 3 #f 

mfe nmr 3 wfreK 1 " 3 3fet ^rfonr 3 — 

- 3fet ofeFfora'H3f : 3H<i l fe*>f r ll 



- grfet ofe yreo w gre^ferttii 

( W 3]3gt H3f3 3 

- 3ret ofe w Kore 7- 33 ore 3 w 11 

(3? 3T§3t 30W M 

fetfe 3t §333 y33 OfW # 3 fG 3 3t W W 
uoret 3 1 3 r 33-3fe-refet Frfe gorfe 3 fefe orre 
31 'Gre nrfe 331 H33fer w+ fec^r 3hr mfefer 

fcidd 1 H3— ^ 1 sTl 337 Weil oOGl d'dl off-feFT 3 

feor unre 31 fe3 snre ore H3 yg ffefe 3 
3fe3>3333H3 T fefFK ^ Gf feT3 5333 fe3 ^3 
333 H3 3 3H T ?ff 733 333 R3 1 fed *c 'd' H33 
Fjtpr-g-FfeF HfW WlFF >33733 GfW 33t>>F I 

HOfet/fK »FK 33 3 direfeiS 773 I fe^ 3 U>P 
3 3fet3 T 3cT WOT 773- 33fet 3 3fetl 33fet 33 
333 'd 1 ' >>73 OStTF 3t>fe Hfe^rt' ffe3 337 ffef3»T ' 

Gog fwGre 773 3 3fet feffefe, ^tfe 3 377 oTire 

W 5733 7731 3t 337 333 r 3 + fw 303 TTF 
TTfeoire 7ft I cTEt HOOff 3Hfet #t 773 3 3fet fet I UrF 
3 3 7 t7773 1 3 3 337 333 7 3 t ffe3 33, 3^ 3 3fet>> 
3 T 33 1 " 77re Hfecf d' 7ft I feg 33 Mfe oRF 3 3077 
oTTy fed 33 U3t3 03 773 1 feo - 377 3 1 " f377 ?33 
feQ 333 773 ffe Hdd 3 TFUE" 337 y'd 1 jft ffe H 
H'dH3 773 ^3 WJ3 fdd 1 O’ I fed 33 330 03 777 
feo - 33 33>3 3t7+ 703 dl'Qd 3 §7$+ 3 QdH'fe 
5733 7731 fec^ 3 fetr re - Tid'O' Wit fetw 03 T 7 
frT77 57 T 33 fe^ - 3 r ffexre 33 1- TTiffe - 03 T 7ft I 

7ft 3JO »73r73 33 tft 3t HO'tdd' §333 frf 
?ft3t f%3 33 1- 3fW333 wfe»FI 30I3t 70 

5733t S 7- HH3 573 f33 T fOTW I 3Tf 0 fdOffw JOloO 
Tildl 3 Ufet Gfef 7 ” 3 dW<S'd' U 7 wylw I cft333 
3 r K TTOTT 3Ufdd Hdld td 'aflW" 3 tidy 'd 57373 50c 
fe77 f%3 fetO 7 3t 333t 3 r 77H 37 r fe3 oftO 7 TTre 7 1 77 
>773050 3 TOT 7 373 d fed! f33 tff 3 333 '3 f%3 3 ufe 
3fet 773 I 

7ft 3JJ 3tf33 feui 7ft 3 333 7 3 f%3 : 

TTre 77(3503 03 fet ‘dfdW I MU' 5fet O 77 ^ TTO 7 50 
5fet 3fet fet3 377t WO dl'G G 3 Bet fe3 Ofe-STH 
7033 TTOtfefef 7 TOG^ 5fet §3703 U3 7 57331 c 
TTfejO 3 3333 3 Ufetr 3fet vfto HTToft 3 ^50 3 
ffej 7 3 OIJ fef33 few 3t §370 303 ot H33 §37 3 
oil §1 3 I fec^ 1 3t>>0 dtlcd'S' §775533 tddl 7777 I 

fe3 33 357 H0T3 7 £ §7335 333 0 
Uffefe §W HOfet Ot 3fet 7775 03 77313 303 7 
aROorre 7 3 fe3 370 W73 7 few I 3703 3 §3 ! 
Ufeir 3Wt 03 075 feffe T-ft3 F73355 7 , l-fto 33 7755, > 
S3155 7 , T-fto HTToft, ofet 773, sTfet 553, 3fet oT 7 ^, 3 



(W TO. 77055 7 V 




227 



fww, ■raft'd few 



MWW 7 , Wfet WWW 7 , dfet fe few, wfef jp 7 , wfef >%, 

wfet tww few, wfet pf, wfet #w , wfef MHoidlw 7 , 

dfef Wfet HW few, wfef gw fdW, dfef 

Hd 7 few, dfef dfew 7 fHW fow, dfef f#H few 
um, test hw fnw ntew, test Ud5 fftw iltef wfed I 

WFPW d wk 7 df few HW W WWt fWHdte few 

& fw-fewf £ vrfew 7 % «°r wh fen - df fkww wwf 

oflf! fgj 7 wfw, 3J3M 7 , few 7 d 7 rTH dl'few 7 W 

fdTj 7 W tefWM 7 iff §W, wfdif tedted off# H77 fd?f W 
Wf HW dd W OdH'U H HWd HW I 

g.u.->Hsvg T Hf w-fu. ggsruis" fnw yfoy; 

fHd'H’l'tf 7 d 7 fUsolrt W dfet Hdtd'tV-HHHd fHW > KHoT' iff 3JJ 

dlt| ojw-tl'ftH 1 <MC HH'fedl , wfedHd ; VHW few ■d'd 1 - 3 1 ". 

gra 7 few; Crwwf ^w-flwg 7 few uwh. 

^■'feAcS : OTf 3fw d 405 % wfew fww 

47 . 47 

fofWM r wfW g'H^ldM td 1 cS<^ (WHHd'cCH d 7 WXTWW 
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3.y— y.of 7 . 119; HW.: 565 

feW 1 , Udfe? fHUf : UrTfef W fed ffef 

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few wfeM 7 ! fed W 7 few 7 d. WWT few few WWW 
fdMdWfM 7 iff I fed W iff.MW.wf. WW fdfeM 7 WnjW 
offwfl 10 dd5 feHW MHWfe 7 few 75fe I ifed few 
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fed dfM 7 3W7WW 7 C MWW fefwiMHW d HWW 
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33 fefe yfe H3 7 M3 sTd'yfe sftrot I 

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fecfeTfer : fcPfeTTB' - TO 3 §fefe 
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g 1 fig g fef # feg gfre refit mre gfe §r gre gfef 
g yrew fetm 7- reag mre rere §■ rep ref re 7 
feorre re 7 " greg re ferer 1 greg fig re §g wre ffe 
firaire fere rere afe re 12 ref wire fere ffirefe 1 
ref aw fifg hs mrere re 75 T 2 T reg faTm 7 " mre rere 
ggg reug mufe ggr fere m 7- gfe mre gfif gfif 
rearer gg 1 

awruufif frefi fere feg re 7 " gfifire P rere 
yg s 1 ferer refipifi H T grefet g 1 fere rere yre 
gw fed i 75 ref d'F fere rerer u freimr 1 grere must 
re fit g re re ggreg grer fere mr feTmr 1 sgreg re 
re 7 ureg rere 1 greft yfis mr farm mre Qh g f 
fere must fit nrerefet g rere grre femur f 
Fwg res fre fegrre g rere p femur fear gg 
d'rHoiH'dl H 75 "rest ('rprere ret gurpruff) ttuf sg 
re rere g §g re ufere feure fitpre freret 1 ku 
re fruu gs re ffe re fare 7 g afe ggreg fire ste 
rere fe re tv 7 H r fi must fern fired ^ re ff 




nag 1 dl 3 Ga aa Ga ata yaa a 7 faa i k r dg 1 si £ 
GG S aua fee - aa G a taw & G mar feg gfta 

fefw 3 drfecT 7 at fed! HgGt 33 tfrpjf fad £ 

gg 3 arGa 331 Ga 7 fey 7 £ fefam 7 a fa £ G 

U.d!« d'tH ■dW 3 d fUm 7 I H'dgcil £ £ fedT ofdrt 

(Hi til Ufda 7 feof dd 1 fug" Ujfedf JVlH £ GttcS £ ?3 
yafGu 7 fern rag' 3 l aa fee# fga Ha afet a 1 Ga 7 

H 33 few 7 3 " gddf add Sold'dtm 7 HH 3 £ £ dd 
fw I dH 3 fg3 HWSl £ HU 33 fetm 7 Ud fed Hdft 
£ faa 7 w fetam )fe j §7 ug uaa are - m3 
HWat 3 Httgfel 3g dfefm 7 GG 3^ gatm 7 
satm 7 ! for fga aSat feafam 7 3 ana gg m3 
U'ddG ygdGt UHTd oft# dfe d3 1 

maGy uafet fga fed a 7 fear aa aft' feaa 7 3 1 
fed fga aiy §a a 7 u'dH'd mafefc a 7 yaa Ga 7 3 
aiy Gad a awa GHaata at at nvft a i afe a 7 
fgmaj a faim 7 3 fed fas 1 fHaata 3 aw |K aw 
did i Gtt 3 fea dd 1 ina fern 1 " i fed £ feaa a (toed 
w gt Her ah ala 1- feaa 3 Saa aaaf aa 3 aw £ 
aiy c?aa at aa fga m 7 afe i ayvrt £ ant £ fGa 7 fa 
ay afe traa a t% aag 7 at a 7 Ga a 7 G yd a Ga 
§• £ mwai ala 7 aaa faim 7 3 aw £ d¥a aa a 3 
Hat at fast feu 7 a sa? £ mrfem 7 1 aa 7 gt 33 at 
at 1 did' fdd* aa fdim 7 1 aat 3 Gh a aa ss faa 1 
Ga 3 aat fea ua 1 Ga £ data aaa faa 7 1 aa 7 sa 
faim 7 a aat jaa ga G« aa turn 7 1 aar fga aa £ 
fea aa aa faim 7 3 Ga Ha faim 7 ua Hat £ fgaaar 
oiaa aa fafa 7 aa fern 7 3 Ga a# ga aaia aG 
afei after 3 cS'fya 7 a a# a 7 matt aa aaa aa 
Oa 7 a fa aarya aatfom 7 £ faa aaa ya^G faa £ 
muar fern 7 a 1 faa aa at Her aa 7 aa 7 a fa aarya 
aatfem 7 3 myat faa £ faaHaaft fan 7 ym 7 fGa 7 
a 1 ergat fan ‘Samson-Deiilah’ a 7 a 7 nnt 3 G3 7 
aaa 7 a sc^ (Delilah) maa at 3 HHH 3 -Haa ua 
aarwat fea 33 Haa a hhh atat 1 aama 7 ?^ faa 
afat a 7 a 7 hhh Gxia 7 saia 7 a 1 

3 ‘.y-u. 3 .fa-ua T a fa-ia.f . 2 : 212 

: t 3 7 d'WHa'tS, msg 7 , aa ma Gaa- 
sCddt fuat aar aaa g 7 ^ - aaa a 7 na-arfa ai 
adH'd fea monra faaa (faaaa 7 Fnaaff gaaF 
fer ga 7 aa) a fen £ aafam 7 aia 7 a 1 awa a nata 
3^3 gaa a 3 1 ‘Hacr’ ?th a 7 fa 7 arfer aw arty a 
3 Fra amrGa sat ya aaa 7 a 1 ££ at aa 7 aamaaa 
a aa 7 H^f a maaaa a faa f%a agT 3 aa a G3 7 
mTaat we fea femait aa?ft Hmaa S' mSor 
H 3 M 3 7 #3 G aw oraa 7 a 1 ‘G 3 7 aa a 7 aa 7 ’, ata 
d'didt awat yia 7 , arat £ upraa aria 7 ! fea at 
aaa 7 >eH?a ya 7 ^ 7 3^ fapjaygt a 7 agGt aat 



a 7 yata aa 7 a 1 sataai^ fga yTaa a3 at ara 7 fga 
Gg3 a afa a 7- gaaa ai fea fga ag 7 a 7 at 
H'^didrtl a3 G nPdd a G G15 7 a fnw<£ feaaonga 7 
aa 7 aaat a 1 oaaat a aa # fu fH 3 a aa 1 fe" 1 890 
f%a fea c^d'el a gat feaftaa Gtat afeti 
‘mrafGm'Wdldw nag fatfe’ maw at gaa 7 
dd‘<io( ?>3 m 3 3 H*dd 1 at o(y 1 ?33 dGl dfet a I 
gdlHdid atm 7 aatm 7 ofafetm 7 fga GG S’ ^aaaa’ 
fGa 7 fepa 7 a faa a 7 fgmai naua fga ar^ faaaaat 
aaraafet aaga ?a3 afem 7 at i aatwat a aaa 
aa 3 GG S' Ef^a Ga ua mnialm 7 aa a aratm 7 a 
ya fga afem 7 afem 7 G3 7 Ga S' M 7 U 3 " ?a aa afGm 7 1 

m3 fGa aSa 7 feaa 3 Ga m?ft Gaat GG 
jqga a G a r ag 3 a Ga uaaa 7 a 3 Ga S' Mars' 
sraa 7 a 1 fear srafet fGa lay 33 a aa GG S' aaa 7 
Gaat a 1 ag 7 S' aat afet K 33 gf afem 7 a 1 aa fga 
•uaGa G3 7 ^ 3 a w aawg 3 afem 7 ufeta aa 7 ai 
feaaatm 7 fga ara fra gfe ‘G3 7 ’ ‘faaa’ fGfam 7 
3^ aaua afta a a a 3 T 3 fga 333 ffk arfe afe 
a 3 1 mufet fgaa ufaut a w ‘G 3 7 ’ aaiaa m 3 
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arGa gfe aaa ufe agafe feaa aa, Grfe S' 
"aam 7 ’ mMum 7 fea 7 a 1 fth 1 a raa GG at srafet a 
cfet au aa diu dd 1 d id tf au 3 1 fe ma h 1 of d 1 a 7 ugg 
auw Ga 3 fea crafet Gua fern 7 a 1 

a.y.-fajg.t. 2 : 212 

H T f GifeGt : fea at aa?a uadanglm 
aa <?gf oiHtt'd 3 Gfet 1 aa 7 >H 7 y aufet at dw a 7 
FTfe fed 1560 at. a 33 33 a I 3 Sgd 3 HJ G aa 7 ?53 
a U 33 ro a 7 Gafum a^a Ga 7 rit 1 nwa a afe 
at Haa yafet a 7 fe aw, aggat fe a? at 1 uya 
afe crgtmT' £ Ga 7 ma ay at ua crafet 3 
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dfe or 7 ^ yaag a a ora 7 w Had erfg a 7 3 H 3 7 a 1 
Ga 7 ray at orafet fga fefeaw afe afe fwa 
aa 7 fgmda ai fea oafg fGda Gt dwa feraife a 
ygdur dddar a orfea 3 feat dfet 1 yaw a dfe at 
sen 1 Hdtt meat feat a 1 fea fga htt h'h 1 , yradfet 
ma daarafet mrfa auag 7 at Gat ?r Gat yat 
fewat a 1 fea at fefe pngg 3 ganfet a 1 

d.y.-fdJT.G. 2 : 213 

Gfed 1 ' : fed w a djHd '3 dar a mfeHd'U'd 
fer^- a uya 7 amaG at fea aaddFd d fedGt 
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fG.nt. aua-usa fga afea d 1 fed Ga at afet fga 
oruar a uw Gad 7 fga fear Gaa d 1 fed fei^ a 7 na 
3 ufea 7 fea 7 at feara 7 mdiaat uyHa a oraa d 3 
mrfem 7 1 aa 1802 fga ggadid a wtm 7 a arafea 




232 



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f^Ht Ht I H>f fer 300 ura+ w feor fvg- g^ Ht 
fat fen tt fem ^ ?faf cffa^ ?rer Hti -gT^ 
for & tengru ffar frfa 1- nt w twH 1- w chth 1- nyfaer 
3 1 «'dlaTdl 20 fsr. Ht. fa - ftt H Ht I H?> 1862 3 1 1865 
ijor wrator r y 'cS'Hdil HH I fejam'd' ; ?f%Hory T TJE T 



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31§tet 3^3 Mb# HTTfT" U M7333 £ 33 J §333 3 
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ftea QtP'd<± £ 33 r ’ an 

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d3ddS3 77 T H 7 ll 

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(>333) OTTdT-# HOW 3 

- H3p 3 HdO §Hdf3 037# 3 dfe 33# II 
— Hf33T3 d fe t?fe>H 1 75 3 HdU 1 UTTpHf II 

- 303p 3 dP# 753? ddfeP 375fi0 733 dd'fell 

(^W H3W 0) 

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H7F77 33 >33)33 ‘3’ 3 >333 >333 33, fife d 7 , 
3¥75, 33, >33 33 1 Hdffed HOW 7 3 MddfOd 33 33 
>333" d 7 d¥ 7 ?5 7 ¥t fHTSd 7 3 1 frT# 1 :— |3 >333, 333, 
>3fH3 33 T , 33, Hfed, yd, 3T33, 3T3, 30T3 d 7 HW 
3 T Hffid 

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fed ¥p tdd'G 733 >J703¥ T ?7 ofl3 T i-r’d 1 3 Pri^ OTOd 7 
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3 Gd'd<± Hd SeTd'H 7 d >3 1 Q til d"d ' fe tllsf dP rto( 
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dcj 1 3d rr ddl>>3 ufefe fe ddl UTfejf 7 p¥d r dfe 7 3 I 
lldfe f¥d 3, 3, d, 77 d P7W¥ r 3, 3, 3 ddP 37#»# 
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‘3’ 3 1 fert 1 ^ 1 ‘3‘ >Xd ‘3’ fe ¥p feF ¥337 f¥d offe 7 
fdPX 7 3 I U73 33 f¥3 ‘d’ ddP, fefe 7 , 37UT3, W73- 
ire fe>Hd77 d ffe d 7 §dd3 H3 dfe fe d I 

33 363F >3^3 ‘3’ 33t, SoT^, HUd^fe, 
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ffiur hut, y«dd ftiv ghr, k. 3. rra3w.)fl'.3Tf ap rrftra h!' 

§.aT.U.5?M, >KfH3Fra; W73W 533 f^faPH 1 ?), 5W 3 fedt; 3 1- . 
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3W : 3>H33 fen W H75 3fH3 3 frDT E 7- 
3(33 3 WZ&r, Ht^TT 1- 373 H3 r fef3 1 I ^ 3333" 
33K 3 H33 W 337 33 KSt 3T3 33cf 3775’ 3 3375 3 
(H333) 37 r 33 W ffed - f75H'<i dt f^73T 3 33733 
o7f33 0771 

3.y.-H.t : 568 

cPM 1 fedl 'dIH 1 (Tago Wangsa) : fe3 fear 
3-ft HTy 5# frnr 7 > ^^FHP 33 3 pedoi 3 T f«d7 dt cft3 
33h fe)T 3^ 377K 1301 st. fed 3fe3T I fed 13 5375 
dP ^H3 f%3 33 30K fed 535775 3f533 373 25 5375 
dP §33 ffed fSR 3 333 dl 33p H¥t l{Pfw 337 
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33¥ T fH3( T fe(5T d 7 fe fer 3 ^fydl^rK 3fe33l H77 
1346 fed 33f r fg37 dP?7 P3T33 373 §3 3 5375 dP 33 
3fe37 3>33 cfidfP I fed ^ Iffep-dfe 375 dP Hdd 7375 

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33 373 3 r f337 feOoF H33 33753 ?73p tfew I fed dP 
H3 1382 dP. fed 3dP I 

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33P37 7 fe ‘W’ 7707 HH3 3 7737 ffefw 3 3(3 feH37 
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1 . 3fdPd (flWd 7 fem-fe-fedd), 2 . 3fdfe (H03 
¥fe), 3. 3rfd75 (fd53fe 3077 W), 4. 3(| {KWg 

), 5 . 3(7^ (¥fe), 6 . 3f75pH (y33 fePX'd' ), 7 . 3f¥75 
(ufOTT 7 ), 8. 3f r fW3 (flfSTO 7 ), 9. Jdfed (OT^d-HfeP), 10. 
5753 (H33 333 ¥W), 11 . 57^3 (Udd 7 333 ¥W), 12. 
57|3 (H33 ¥W), 13. H57d (W0¥3I), 14. Hlfefe (033 
H377 dF), 15. H7537 (5775373), 16. OTTpO (feFTd of077 
?W), 17.03H(l5775 7 ofO77 ¥ T 75 7 ), 18. 03pH (fe3H3p), 
19. 03 (57d |U), 20. OVfPd (J775 7 f03( T 0P337 7 ), 21. 05# 
(OH57 7 0fe3 ?W), 22. ofefe (OOdW-JTpdCTfe), 
23. O^feo (3fij3(3), 24. 30>3 (3fe3 ¥077 ^ W ), 
25.33t0(003¥fe) 26 . ofepH (fd3T 303 7 ), 27. ofepd 
(UH75), 28. 3 r fd3 (3d03 W), 29 . 3 7 fed (033 
W), 30. 3d5T (Ufe^), 31. 33H (3>feH 3077 3W), 
32. W3t0 (OOOdd) 33. trfed (dOd d 30(3 ^W) 
34. (J#^ (Ud 7 ¥077 ^W), 35. 0T7# (tU0¥3T), 
36. Hip - (fw ¥0d 7 ), 37. Olfeo (0303 3W), 38. 
dW (3075), 39. d7#75 (U¥37 03), 40. d#00 (3013), 




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?w>, 43. gw hww gw frown (yyd’dfT me HfuH 7 
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(WTO EW TOW 7 ), 46..?jE(§HW), 47. EEUnfejW TOW 7 ), 

48. y h! d 1 y (yod tow tow), 49 . uePm (csfel dtjcv 

5IUWTOW), 50 HE (Weft 6fEW TOW), Sl.wfEHQjEfEM 7 
WUWEWTOW), 52.^1^ (HUE EW TOW), 53.^ 
(HE E HE), 54. E r fcw (HIUH), 55. Hfet (UE 7 ofEW 
TOW), 56 . HHpE (HHUUTt TOW), 57 . HEpW (HoIW-fE^), 
58. Hfeor (rani), 59. hIhe (uEddit tow), 
60. VfIwM (Hc5 t UEW TOW), 61 . H'PttofrtHttof (EE E 7 
H r W?-H T EH r U), 62. (WfUE (fugW), 63. HMEf (W 
oraE TOW-EWt), 64. KfEE (fEHE EW TO W ), 
65.HEpE(§EEUWTOW), 66. HFPfeE (BE3 7 EUW TOW), 
67 . HUEt (fHE 7 ofEW TOW, UW EW 7 ), 68 . HUEt (UJUW 
TOW), 69. wtffew (PcSdIdHW-fEHEt), 70. HcffHE 
(HWfHE), 71. HddPdd (TW TOW TOW), 72. HWfEH 
(MET WEE oTEW TOW), 73. HoffE (3# EW TOW), 
74.HUTWt(HUUTOU5fUWTOW), 75 . HfefW (pHWE-WHt 
EW TOW), 76 . HHpH (UW-WEE 5THW 51377 TOW), 
11 . H3MWp (Gw-VRFW), 78 . HEcffeE (^fewf TOW), 
79. HEfew (ofEH MWHW HE 7 EW TOW), 80. HWfeH 
(PWMUW EW TOW), 81. HHEp (MW o!EW TOW), 
82. HHpE (HHE TOW), 83. HpETT (EpHW TOW TOW), 
84. dfE (HUE fEUTO'A), 85. UWpE (fw EU fETOGw 
TOW), 86. ufUE T E (fatTOPW), 87 • UUfe (fEMW), 
88 . UoftH (feuiUEW-EWfer), 89 . UEFoT (fH3W-3Hf EW 
TOW), 90. HfeM (EEH 7 GG 7 o!E77 TOW), 91. HEpE 
(HUH fEHeff), 92. TOFH (EW 7 ), 93. TOftw (d'dH'H), 
94. g^E (HUHE oTETf gW), 95. gGt (E T feE), 
96. gffHM (US)' EW gW), 97. g^fUE (fedW-ME3t), 
98 . grpHE (HE US’ TOW gW), 99. grfEH (HdgcVH UW 
fUEHfetufuWgW 7 ), 100.gEft(H T fou-HM T Hf)l 

UHEE E r fUH W 3HWf cfE ?fet gEEt HP I 
EEWEW feE fSE E 7 UUW HU HE E EWpE 7 W EW 
ufeM 7 E I grout HHWHW UW gt EEEt Tnit TOE I ^U 
G dlrtlof 7 GujU ut ME 1 ” E TEE E 7 fHEUTT 5TUE UcS I 

feE Ef 7 fUE EE E 3TE 7 f%E TEE EUW st EW 
(fHEUEt) E HWfEEf 7 Et fUTWEt W-W EEt Ul 
^Ih'GIe 7 Et EW 'UEUt’ EE E EU E EePof'H 7 Et 
UEt U I UTOT EE SE EWfeEf 7 fl|E fecT EE 7 EWE 7 UE 7 
Ul feE Ef 7 135 SE EfE 15 Et" EWE UE U77I SW 
EWfsPH 7 E ‘Ave Maria’ (EW EUt) >ME W EWfePX 7 
Gw ‘Pater Noster’ (H'sf fEE 7 ) EU UE 7 U I EEErT 7 
EWE Et EW ^t Efefet TOE U77 fetE E 7 7UE EEWW 
(Chaplet) U I feE f%E EEET SW EtE EtT HWE UE 
U77 1 Giy 7 Gfel TEE feEUW Et Gut 3tE E E EE E 
HWE Et EW 7 Gw El UHW ttfecT HE E Efefefef 7 



f%E TEE EUW W?t HW E 7 1TE EU E tjW El 
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feTWEt TEW TEE EUW E 7 fefU'cS WUt El »fE EU E 
ETO-EE 108 HWfeTO 7 ^wt EW 7 TEW Et TEE E4E 
EW E 7 fed fifet H'«' felEW fEHUTE EfUE UW, 27 
HWfePH 7 E UE 7 E I 

E.y.-H.t. 568, 505 

HPD-FcT, ’>^75' HHtHrt : few EEEEffer >HE 
feQdlAfe E 7 UEt ME SE EU'Ed'W Et I feE E 7 EWE 
^EEfeFHE (Lutjegast) E feoT 3E fUE f%E 1603 Et. 
few ufewi nrowt u^fet-fwufet GuUE feE 1633 
Et. fed E"^ r E UU'fel'H 7 (rloPdd 1 ) HfUd fePH 7 FfW 

3E eIee feEtnr tu?tt few waw e fepH 7 ! fen e i - 

EW TOHE FFUW E yro f%E UE fePud'PHd Etu 
Hyu 7 Et UE f%E slrPl EW EfUE E 7 feE yG 
WEE E 7 ofEWE Et I HW 1640 f%E iEUW, 1641 f%E 
EEsferf 7 ME 1642 feE HEEU 7 §■ TEW ^wfef 7 HfUE 7 
Et MUI^fet ^t MEW EEfW W Et oftEtl feE fife 1 

ePee fe^pM 7 ^ifet ¥w fEE w m'huwPm 7 (ute eGe 

WW) E EUWp PiHd dot EW ?wt EfEH Et cfHfe EU 
fEEtl 14 MUTEE, 1642 W feE W EpHHd'PEE 
(Heemskoir) ME UtPePw (Zeehaen) TEVft E HHEUt 
EEWT 7 E WW EEfetM 7 E 1 MTOWt UEWWW EFEU 7 
MWtl Ufew 7 feE fEE HE 7 EW f%H EfeE HfepEE 
fUTM 7 E fEU MET^wtM 7 E EUW ^W EE PUM 7 I 24 
WfeEE, 1642 W fEE W MtHoc EHHWpM 7 ETO wfeM 7 I 

Pee E'y w Peftw ee uueP ePu hhh e ut^ewe ewew 
e w 7 e £ tw ePhee we’ te Pee 7 i Pee fuir fen w 

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19 EEEE W UTWEW ufet E HoPE EH 1 fSH E WE 

nrEHt htGuPm 7 w he e ufw Gee Pee ffer srufe 

PEE W fEE ufet E 7 W 7 HfEolE E (Massacre Bay) TO 

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ME fEU fEE GEE-UgHt fEE 7 gW feG fWTEft TOlf 
UE 7 UpEM 7 15 EW, 1643 W EEfetM 7 UUE fUPH 7 I 

TOE fEU MEEWpM 7 E UE EUW EoT fEPH 7 UE 
pEEW MEUWpM 7 HUfePu Et HU-fHt W 7 Eutl fEE 
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fEHW fHU ofpE 7 fe M T HUWtM T UEE E EUWt HTOEpU 
E 7 fUE 7 WUt Fit I 

ew 1644 Pee Pee w fwG fwwt e Euw-ugnt 
E 7 PUW ME MUTEWpM 7 E GeeP ErfuW 3E EW TOWt 
HPUE Et MEIEfet Et oftEtl PEE TOE lEHW ufet 




238 



3TTH 1 c^> FFdld 



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7J. y. - MZ. W. 26:305 (1985); MZ. fe. H 7 . 11:571 
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wt 3 fezfe fe yzu fez yz 7 zz zzi ^z z# - zfez 7 




239 



fee fete ft I fen e eramwf Srfee fe ^ K 1991 fee 
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^H^TTcT felT cFH fe gfet fef W 7 # life 9" Ue FTWH- 
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gen ew 1 ta, fen 7 , efe 7 , nwt Me eemew fen 
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fn.nt.nti 

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nnwe lg ngeewi^newtvfefee^eHnTfen 7 
nw ne nne ee fee ewi 

Hnwn nsrow wet ye 7 enr 47 fnGnnwetM 7 
fee tfeM 7 el^ 7 e 1 egee, wfenew, eiw?eent Me 



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tennee srfee 7 w fefer Mfun'd nnje ew 1 
esrnfetM 7 e few wnM 7 w nt fkGnuwetM 7 <?'« 
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e.y. - ’fe'.fe.H 7 . 11:571; ’>iW.M>r. 26 : 307 

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ene e ffeen 7 enet fe - e?j e 7 ene 7 nen tnfeM 7 
fee 7 e i fee ee uffe r e e M 7 e r e feee ne nfew 
fee fen nrfe fe nge n’fe Freeer fee ge?n ew wet 
fee 7 e Me Mnrwt srnet enft nfenfe ^ Msftet fe 
eifent irera - nee 7 ei fee ure 7 gr ge-ee 7 e fe 
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e e^e esrfer ew ww iwn 7 nfeM 7 fee 7 e i few e 
wn 7 e 7 fesr^nr e fe ee e n 7 !# 1 wfew e Me fee 
enfe fnw see spw fe ene H^ddi fee On nee 7 ei 
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fe gpj 7 w srfee M 7 fe net fvfe 7 w r feM 7 fee 7 ei fen 
e 7 e 7 ^ e fe fee fene ft 7 n new few new fe ye 1 
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fen ne ne £ Merfe fe tw fee 7 fee 7 e Me w# 
few e ne ew e ure fe nefe n 7 e ye nera fe wfe 
yefe ngnre feet feet e i 

e.y.-^tW.fe.H 7 / 10 : 157 

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ufttn wrawne nt fern fe nee nen en^ eyMe- 
few (TS’AO-HSUEH-CHIN) e fe ?TW ifeWM 7 fee 7 
e i fee few e ne e yfnn ?enw ‘Hung lou meng’ 
(‘fen Mra fe efe eae’) e 7 nee 7 sfti fen e 7 ewn 
srfee 1715 fe ; fee wnstner fey efeM 7 ! fen e 
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w nt-rffefe ^eeft Mnrwt fen Herw %e ‘ew w^ 
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ufe^e e uew Me mfe g e fen fe eefe tw, few 
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e.y .-’fe". fen 7 . 10 : 156 

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ne’W efte-epfe nfe fe fen e 7 eren 192 fe. fee 
efeM 7 ! feefeet few e ffer- ndww esrfe e 7 yee 




240 



dd 1 # dd 

dt i fad 7 hhtu fed d uu 7 , dd 7 # uut d for udu 
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d.U.-md. ff . H 7 . 10 : 156 

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dt feud Ugfet ufet >Xd Gd §■ fedt d 7 Udd ufe>HI 

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ir.y.-M?r. fe. h 7 . io : 156 

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dU, <N 7 UOTU, Hfdddd >Hd UUUffeH 7 lit I 5UTUU 
Wit Hdt dd fed HUfet dfed HUTd Gd gfedUf 
feu 7 Htl fed d 7 ddH 22 yd, 1859 ffdt Uttdd 
fed Gd 7 fed Uffejf 7 ! Hd 1883 fed fed d Udfe 
feutufefd Wffeufedt d ft.d. UUT dtdt I #H HU 
fed fed Hdd fed HHHT fefufund d 7 UffeufUd f5U 
fwi fed d HUTU feu UHd 7 fedd Hyd d 7 HU 
fdddd dfeuTI Hd 1885-86 fed fed d Hfdd 
Hufet H'fudd uuud Hfut ‘uluy fedyut’ (Uf3T 
Md. ‘dt dfedH UPU ?dgd’) d 7 dt UHdd fdU 3 
Ufecft UUd dtdt I fed d HddlfedU dtfe dfefef 
ffd 7 d 7 ddddt Hd 7 fed ^HdUH dtd 7 1 fed f. 




KH FHH'Qyl 



cV^fe F 7 ofdd 1 F fed) 1 fed ‘Tosai shoseikatazi’ 
(1885-86) HF W §FH HfeH 7 HPH 7 FI HF 1891 
ffeF dby’Odil f ‘fhft hffh-’ F 7 h 7 H'fddoi fhw 
H fet fetF 7 »fF few F 7 HIFFF HFF 7 fcTF 7 1 feK 3" 
feH'F feF Ffe 1 HHHFt ulifed §■ frfeH hff 
H fetdf 7 ffeF fecf Htl for HFF KIHH fFLFcSt cVddH'd 1 
S' HF 7 OdH'd fHfe>>FI HF 1915 f%F feF fetF 7 
yfefedfedl f 1 fed 'fen f f wif wiff f hh ffeF 
yHt dcj 1 Hd fdl'H 7 I 

28 Fd^dT, 1935 # MFfet (Atami) fey HH tff 
HF" F dldl I 

F.U.-MF.fe.H 1 '. 10 : 162. 

3W HBt : feF FKH Ft fer feHF HfV'FPF Ht 
H HH F fdTFF HF'Gfel Ft yfe Gdj 7 Ffrf 7 yHdHFfef 7 
tt'Q'dl Ht I feK F 7 HFH feci FHHF, 1761 gT SHfe 
feF HFdHTHdFT fey- Ffewi HH F HFF HF'G<£ fet 
o( A' feK F HHUF fed Ft ^FUF" d 'd IFF" feat I Hc5 
1780 F F F 1789 FFF .iSd'HlHl' feHHFF F HF HF 
FF feF feF gfet 16F Ft FF- Ft HF 7 felt ffet 
yffUFFUF fd d D ddl I Wdl fUF FF" F d> 'F fKH §" fet 
§TF offe 7 felW I FH F ffeF 7 feF feF H# ffet HH 7 
feF Fliftl 

Ffet F FIT HFt FRF HfHFF FFtl ufet ?FF 
>8FFF FfFF HFH 1802 feF feF ^FUF" F f5Ffe»F 
HHF fedlrtfe HFt dlfel I fed FFUF - HK F H'3F fet 
tv fi F didl I »dcS feF feK F HiH'fea UJF ocfeiK 
cfe 7 I ‘HSK FKFife F F 7 F 7 fen HfrFfeF UJF 1884 
feF HdlfilHF HF Gfe" FF 7 fePH 7 ! feK UFHHFt feF 
UfitcT »1F HFFF feyfoTFfer F fF3F FF I feK 
UFHHFt Ft fefew UK Ft HFt HFFd 1 ' F feO'fe 
feF feF IKK HFt FHF F HFfe FF ifelHF tfefoF, 
F 7 HF>HF, F'AHF >HF FF^FW HoTF F fddd HcffePHF 



d fd d 1 rt 1 

F77 HIF FF IPK Gk HK F HKgF H FH'd yfF U(F FFH 
ofFF F feF 7 F FF fet F77 I 

Hdt FHd Ft HF 16 1850 fe ffert feF FFt I 

F.U. — WT. fe. H 7 . 10 : 205 ; fecife. f§FT. fee. 

3ftraw : Ffeyw F 7 ^- FFFt Ft HFF UF 
Hfeyi 7 fenFF F 7 feof S 7 ! fFFF 7 fefe Gf'hI FF F 7 
yF F 7 yF 7 FHtcTFF FF Uddl Ft HFF F UF 7 HfeyF 
FFI feK Ft Gd'Hl >HF HFFF tJFFt Ft HFF Gfe 
Gn'dT Ffet rT 7 OKdl rFF Fftt feHW F ffeTF FFF 
FF FFFt FFt FI 




dfd.tl 'cS 1 

yd'e FHfe" F f7 fe y-TFT FcT fet dfdffTl HFF yf 7 
FF FF UF" yi'oed yfF HFFF fedj 1 Ft ^dd yffF-PF 
FF H 7 ^FFt-^tlFt ddl Ht I Hd'e HfePH 7 fed d'H 
Hd'd'H yfHIFtyf 7 tHddl dltd 1 MF Md'cl fd 
FffefeTPH 7 feF FJ 7 TOF HcT I FF'Hl' F fe?! 7 feF 
fed) 1 dfd.yfei'H 7 fed WffF, H'dd y-l'fd fet fefefe 7 
fetF 7 FF 7 Htl feK F fefKF 7 ufeffe llfUF HF FFtt 
feHFt Ft oFF fet FFt FFt fe §F fet UJF 7 , Hfeffe 
^ffeF ffeF Ffeyfet HFfe fFF HF Ife^ 7 5 FlFUfel 7 
feF 5F ofKfFKI 7 F FF F FFfeHH 7 rl'd 1 Htl 
WIFfetyf 7 §" HF 7 FF ffet fet FFF Ffeirfe IFF feF 
fey-HF id'F HF yf F fec^' F FcTF otodl'H 7 fed' FF 7 
Htl fefHFJJ fe^ 7 Fferfetf 7 F HK F HFfF FF 
KlrtH 'd UF yfeof 7 HF-yyt FH 7 ffet fet FFtfeyf 7 H'F 
RFF F ftfe" fed fed KfFF 7 fed ddl 7 H 7 -Fdl'H 7 HFcT 7 
F dO' H 7 fecSHFHF 7 F d6' H'fyo(« HFF, diF'H Kl'fd 
ffet Ffetffe HFfe HFF FF I feK Ffe - HfHtF FcT >HF 
W HF 7 HFF Ffe FKHF WW FFHVl >HF FJKF 
feld 1 FHF" ffet yfKJF" UJF 7_ do( l (5 l FI 1 fd fed d fd ft 1 6 
HFF 7 ffF FF I 

y.y. - #H. fe. : 181 



242 



dfdd'T) 



3fd<F?>' : opfe— fed nfa 7 ?! d 7 fed fe3 3 i 

fen fe d 7 nfod for dt j'tiWil di fend 7 43433 

18,221 e.fe.Ht. M3 wwt 87,12,087 (1986) 3! 
Htevr dtw woradT feor fdfet swu^ few fed fed 
Hdd 071 fafe fed 3U3 7 3 dH 1 fed fdMd offd tdd 
o?i m§ Iran dtM 7 dfe 7 w ortdtM 7 fedtM 7 oth 
dfdd'T) wield 3 48 feint. VgH fed ofd'tH <53 feo( 
33 sfed M3 #K 4<t 1 few few life t dfdd'A 
nfod $ feddt M3 ufet dt Frgdd yofew ortdt dfet 
O' I dfdd'7) 3 few "S' §H ufe d 7 ¥3 T Hfed M3 oflld 7 
yd'Gd d 7 §dd M3 dtdd mho 7 ?! di fed dt Hfe 
OD-ffe §3 dd 7 , HhhIm 7 M3 Mrt'idl SH«' dt oTO? 
cftdt id'dl 3 I fed fed tfferT fet oTd tH'd 071 i 

TJ.y. — W7MH. 26 ■. 386 

dfod'cS : wfjd - did 7 ?! dt dHTtfet M3 dd 
d 7 H3 3 fed 1 M3 Mm 7 03 fed fedfe Hfed 3 1 
MFfej fe3 fed HHf^dcT, fefdMoT M3 §ddfdloT 
' ffdd 3 M3 dfed'T) fed dt d'HU'cSl 31 fe3 fedd 
tmitM?l fFOTO 3 105 fe.Ht. 343 eST Mdfd Wfe - 
dt 34dt 3733 §313 eftlM 7 dfdM 7 31 3 fed VI d 7 
ferfefe wfeld fend'd dt fend 7>d dt Il0'3 3 Ud 7 
fed eftw 7 dfdM 7 3 I dldd 3 MOTW d 7 IdTdOr 7 
or 7 # 3043 3 fed 3333, 333, 33, 3U T 3 M'fd dt 
Qd'd'd' Odt 31 

fefdO'Hd W 3 dfeld'6 did 7 ?! dt Ufet?! 
d'3U'7)1', d dt dt 33 3 feOdl fed 3 fadd 10 fe.Ht. 



dt dd 31 dfe Hdt fed dfed'T) dtdfet 'd'3W>l 3 1 
§4333 fed 7 dt I H3T71 7 3 1220 dt. fed fet - Hfed 
dd'O 33 fdd 1 I fed fee" 333 33 33 fed dt 3c 
d3^ ] y M3 §U3 7 § fddt 333 dfed'?> 3H3 fed 7 
3H I fed fei 1 fed 3H3 7 Hfed 3JVIT3 felM 7 I 16< 
Hdl 3 fed3 H‘«' fed 4dt M3 “Sdid-eiFcT fed « 
fed 3fet Hd-Td 3 fdTM 7 1 H71 1553-54 fed dfed 1 
fedfedt fet 3tdt dfet I 16fet 3 18fet Hdt fed3 
dtd 7 ?! 3 333 FF3 FTOfeT 3 T 3H 7 d 7 Hdd-HdOl < 
d fd d 1 6 dt fdcl 1 I H7> 1788 fed M 1 .d 1 1 H3H3 fe 
M 7 U§ 333 HO-TOdT dt OdTOfeT 333" 3 fed 3 M 7 * 
3 33 dfe fet 3 T fed 31 fed fei 1 fed 333t dt 33 
fOTM 7 1 feet Hdt fed y'dH'O 3H3 Mddl*' 33 
fed 3 dM 7 ^ - et ofdH dt dfed eddft dfed 31 
fdfet 33 1926 dt. fed Hfed 3 tdd P33 fed dfe 
93H 33?lt Udt M3 fdd'feHl SHfetM 7 dfed 3 HdJO 
fdd fed fet 3371 KdftM 7 I 

H3 1935 3 1941 feddM - 333 33 UfOdfet 
3fH3 3371 Hfed fed 333 ddd offe 7 fdTM 7 ! 0 
fedd 33 m 1943 dt. fed H333 ddl MHdto 
HOdfetM 7 M3 fH dddf feddfet H33 7 dt ddlddd 
dfcld '7> fed Ot 3dt Ftt fed fed bid ‘6 dt MHO 7 
Hdfet 343 d 7 IdK 7 cffe 7 fdTM 7 ! dfcld 1 *' dt 33 
Hdofl H3H3 ddT 7 H '0 4f3?fet d HH” ot 3dt M3 t 
3 HH" dt fed Hfdd M dut MHd MhIt) Ud 7 MHjf? 
feHH d 7 dfeM 7 ! fed HH 1 dtddl §3 d 7 feoT e 




fel 1943 fed dfdd'rt fed Udt oFTlddH fed HH«Sd' oT3d dd H'dWrt 3H3 Hd'frtH, 
QihIs'O St dtH'irtd M3 fe*H7rt Ud*J« 




§33U3 H3 for nt i for hf feu jfeMFrrutsfetMr 
ufetMr i feu" feu uf u uf F?P>fet 3ur H3 fuTM 1 " i 
MrT 3t FF FU F jfeujfet GdU'tdA' U WF fUH 1 " feF 
Ffeu feu fUlFU UU U I MrfeTJ fet Fife, fef>fe, 

uf, fu, ufet, fifet e fu 3 feust ufer utu 

usufer - 0 * i ccd 1 f yum uu?r 3 few i< s i feu h 3 
c?U3 FU 3F V3fe 3t feU 3UFF ufe u?ri feu 
M-ruufet kw u 3t yu u i fefe, fsu Mfe U3fet 
MS" feHU fefe-HUF ?F3 F3F u?r i feu sfefer- 
ifelM 1 " UHUU T UfeF’ 3t Qfed dd> I Ud'<± FfHM 7 " 3 
Ufetfe U3fe3 U ? t feuF 3FU feu 1- Ul F?5 1979 
feu HUJ U 3UU T §323 333 Ffeu feg ffeufet 

■didd'u H3fu3 U3 ?F3 dPdd'A ul" uuuft u fur 

MHU fu>}p Ul §¥ urufecT M3 fewfe HHUfe UF 

ui'Qe ofdd ferr fe crfet ud r hut u i feu nfuu feu 
dlfefedPHdl M2F dfUU'6, AH A3 rfefedrfeut UTS" 
did 1 A M3 M 1 dd 1 fi-RJU y d>l <?d pHdl MTU d o( d> rt til 
H3fU3U3l 

d Pd d 1 A HUttH'cV U 1 " fctPdd U Pt-lH UUU feu cfet 
ugrfer HFfau Hufer, uufer ua i Ffeu feu a^Wf 
M 3 yufetuF fa feFH ufer fe>ruu+ uffeF u 
HUUlur UAI FkJU F §3Ut fUH feu M3ffeor 
fewfe M3 FU3t fUF feu ufefe felFUfe" M3 
3uu ua i uufefeF few feu ffer-HTuu hfIff, 
audFd'A hua, uur ffa, hhf m 3 ufeu 1- , ffejruuA 

Hdtt FHA UA 1 FUfUFU" HU3 M3 HUTHUHUt HUfF 
feu UfrUfeu ILfU HU" UF UF" I 

?fefer >hu M'yfAdr feHuui" feu uur uu 
HU3W, afefe" HUHU, UKIf UUoPHW >HF dfet uu 
U.ddd Wfu FUfS" dcS I 

- 60,42,584 (1986) 

35° 40' §". feu.; 51° 26' y". WU. 

U.y— MU.fe. H 1 ". 11:604 (1985); MU.W. 26 : 385; 
fCT.fe.f . 5 : 420 

SoGft: U UFfe U FU U 1 " »UUF feu KUf UFA 
75ut" Fufeur fFU ?W fecT U3U U, fUF iVU UU" U FU 
feUH" ydd U 1 " UU 1 " rtdl 1 fd'lT feU 1 " U I WUU FUT-FrT 1 " 
3UUt Ul" HU WUIFUT 5000 U Et. U AU UUfe feFU FF 
UFt HAt tfeut U I HUTfefe feFfe" feu M f" UUU f^U 

Tdoc U rnTdOf" Gfe Hd'.cf" fet) UfelUF 6'A lt«d fef 
U UUUHcT fUF 1 " feu UFUfe-tUU HU I feF 3TB" fe Udffet 
HU 'few feU 1 " J# fe UUT UKfew ffe FU UHU" FU5" 
yut 3^i" UF tUUI FbU HfIu U Fif UU 7 ^ UHfe" A feF 
feu feu FUU cfer % £% % ^eu feu feoT feu SHF 

feu 1 " I 18FT HUt UU77 UoT-FF 1 " fer Ut UF U WUfecT 
HlfF 3ofet fe UU feu feUFU 1 " I HUl" U UfU 3U 

uuut yuu feu FFU U MFU gttH FU FUU UFU U HF 
3" feoTRU U Uofl"Fl" I 



UoTUl" feu HU UU 3 feoT HUH3 FF 1 " UU" U 
fUdd 1 UUU feu F5UT UF Uf-AU feUTO fufu# 
fUF 1 " feu F3dd3' UUUdT FWU UlUl" ofUU U feF U 
UF 1 fFfew U UoT UUU 3 UW HUfet Fff UU U3 1 
ferdW doc 0~d U«d Wdof'F UU U3I FWfeW 

feu fu u 1 ^ su If fu ufe uu fu 
U#HF F 7 ^ fur ufe UUU FU UU >H3 UU UF 3 fuu 
§5" dfedl' fUT UF FU ufe U#UF I ufe F 1 ? F3 U75F 
feu UU FU U 1 " fe FF U §U>)f fFFU cfe 1 " UU 9" 
W3 U3F feu IFF UTF F^U 3 ^U UBU feu Udfl" U5t 
FH3 U FU UyUMFFU! feF FU 333 felft 
3 fFIF FU 333 feU UU Ul fw FU 333 felft 
dfdd UUFU FUU UHd'Hd U3 r Upt U Ff3 fec^ 
Ut 3Hfet feoT feu U lOfe FUT 33 HUUU ufet 
Ufetut Ul UU UU FUU fe 3Hfet HUFF U U# 
(dddl FfflJ3 d<9) 3^" si 'd 333 rtdl HU33 feul U 
UUUT utu UU U feF fefe U 3fU3 utfefe ftlF FF3 
U si'd U3 1 " ofdcV UU U Qh U Hd'Hd U FffepiFF 
FU IF 3 U3fefe" §" Hdfod offer" UU U feu 
FffdIWU si'd U Hd'Hd fe?>F3 FU 1F3 U3F HU 
Hd fed o(l d UU dd) I rtdllH 1 feu UU" U fe dddl UU 
Udt fe3 Ph rtl U3 oed<± Us("?dlci U UUt U Uf3 did 
FFUdFM UU Ul FU 333 f feu Udffet 
HU'Qct 1 UUfU U fe FU FUU §3 3Ut UU UUUt 
UUF UFUUU feu Ufe fefe fe UU U §U3 
1133 FFfel 3cfet ufeF FUU W3 H3F Fffeu 
UUUF U U3 Udlu U3 fe §fe" §3 fe(F 3fe U 
UHoft UFU 3t fefeW U ofUU U3I UUlHfet 
FHUfefeF U 3t UUF feF §fe ?fet U3 1 " ufetu I 

fe3 fofeUPH 33 U FU 333 3St UUT d'M'd' 
UU3 3ofet Ufef fufet HfcfHU 1FV3 offet U H3fe 
U" §U fe3 feu U 10 8 3 FUT ?F3 U^t 3UU U" H3fe 
U I OddH HFfet TOFF 1 " U3 33" 3 U33 FU 3fe feF 
UU H^t ufe Ut ufeut Ul 3fe fe3UFH F^ 3fe 
HMHU fe3 feu U 2xl0 7 3 F3T 33 UOT3 U Uoft U 
FU fe fdd UFH U HHF feu fej feoT feu U 10 7 3 
FUT U fe3 U U UT3 U Hd'Hd UUt U" I nfftfet gHHU 
F33 §U IFF U feUFfe WT ffe TO ufeF 333*" 
UUU Ut HF3 U H3Ut U I 

Ufew feFH U 3U HU'OU 3fe ffefet feFU3 
33 U fufeHU offer UU U §F f%U 90% U3UtFF 
>H3 10 % feufefefF fH3fetw UUfeF U3I HU, 
3f3UtFF U UsfeHF Uf U^r gf^- >«3 3U U 
32" 3t GtldH fi-THFU U3 H3 F3U U3 1 f?733 80% 
>H3 20% cfeHfefH 3T3t fHFU3 33 U 32" fet 
dHrtlH.UF PhU UF U3 I Pdd UFH 3 32" U Pdd UFH U 
feF HfF §" 333 3Ff U32lc5F >H3 275233 U H3 32, 
H3 U^ 3feW S3 33lW PHU UF U3 fefefe F7F 
HU3 U3Ut ufe UU Ul S 2 W13 3few 3fe 
ufefH7feHH 33 U3t Ffet 5 - fufef fe ^ 03 - FUF3UT 
M3 U33t fenr UFt U I 




Foist UttF feflrafF rafflF 7 FF 7 grJl^r F 
fsc fflF UfF Fra 7 ^ f377 HflfF FraT-Ffl 7 F61 7 ^W 
Ffe I dotrfl F zS& QTd fefd'tf 7 FF 9F »)«' F 7 fe^dd 
fFF? 1 . Fflif Fd HFlW few F I tt F Ufl ^F" FlfF 7 
Fra 7 ? 7 tr fFF 7 gW'Mtuu 1 ! (Loads) ^TH^ra M,L >H# 
R FF 1 L >HF R F 7 ttfFFFHt FW (Resultant) M 2 F >HF 
fFF fdH dcj 1 Ht( ' 4F o(l d d d 0 <0 fe" 




fFFF 1 : Hdfod >H^W fera ## 
Q~d fetd'H 7 old gtr yrt I 



LX 3 + RX 4 = M 2 X 2 . 

FclFt RFfoF >H^W f%F FfcfF Bflt M 1 >HF M 2 
F 7 dfde'Ht (Resultant) sf 'd MO,C feF FFT FF 
KW^HcT FF Y §"§■ Cf# FF 7 d'dlfl 1 F I flora- M] 
flrM 2 Cf f?U#3r- 

yrtdHtj'UoT FF (Restoring force) era FF ofdft FsT 

fefo=r »rew fera ?raf fIff >hf fs 7 iu<s fifI surf 
oraFFiwrfeurar-g-g^-^Mi J^CFfFFfFFt 
f arfw ?F# fbr feff ferawl fffM fafl orraF FFFt 
rarfrat f §tr sra?y m^ >hf irar ferret FFt f 7 

f^r^FtF^lfl^’dWfddF fefdtt Fra 1- §" Fd'Fd' o(dd 
M 2 §" «y 'dHcT tJF Y F drf FftPH 7 flFEF F I 

feoT ?ra (load) fefl feoFSt-yfl" (Mass) FF 
urfra - IFF ZcC ftf Ft nf=W yyjjrt'l 

§- F5tst Ft H^dcrariwflr- fetra 7 Fra 7 f i flsra rfuu 
1 dd> feoT FF fflF 7 eOd IF fed 1 rl"? F 7 rjfdci'Ht 

hw Mj >nra m 2 J c Frarw ufefrf 7 tFF- ra w 

F#?FI fefl Fcf 7 ffedftHlAF FT Mj »fF M 2 F 
fodsld oraflt F I M J ft'd J-feFftkildd 1 Q s IfFT ^ 'd 1 
dsf 1 ^ drtfddF fed VF FF sTd' F F si' fed ftdl dd 1 I 

*v *> — 

feel rkFFFF FcfFt Fflt A, B tXF C fetf FF fedd'd 
>HF A F B, C F HFTFF fFl" F FF flftt FF I §cfF F 
HW ffera M 2 UFF 1- SRFHF FrFr- HHF C §F" flfeF F 
>HF X 2 F Y 2 fHFF F HFTFF FF I fefl F^ tyKr§F # 
M 2 Ft flfFFt fiFf FFFF)- >HF H^FftHlFd 1 ' HF FF F 
Mj fF" feFFF olFFt F fflFrfl fer W Fra 7 " f5Ft feF 
fflFt FfFFt F I 



F5TFt F feF IFF F FW tFF FoT feoT ^rat FFF 
F 7- fl)-F fl 7- Fray §F F tw FFrat, raF 7- F Ffl, F# 
f yra >>fF 3F Ft fl^FT-umra §f- feradd oraF 1- f i 
felftl FF Ffl 7 " Ft Ad'dl FFF FfF FFF FF 0Fd"l ©TF 
Ft twra otray ^ff f#ffi fer fIff ftf 7 " ^rayt tFF 
dcXdl FFt otray ffetdftHl^d' F ^FFTyF F §FF 
FlFlFFt F#FFI Wdlftttlw fefFF Ft fMFFF tFF fflF 
feF HFTFFT 86% >%fH?ffelF, 13% HdlftlHl>tfF >HF 
ftraytorra", ff 7- f Fra ^FFTfer mFcrfer FFtrap - ff, §- 
sS& BFt ratflraF Hfera 7- Pd I •OF 1 ’ F I s I' 1 ? F.FTF. ofdfeft 
F Fra 7 " - F3t?yfefF ftlFFF tFF fFFFHray cT3F Ft 
fFFraF FtFt F fflF feF 95% Fra 7- , 4% MuyfelF 
rai - 1% ftraray uf 7- f Fra, orrat >hf raffHeftraF 
FfeF >HFoF fHFFF tFF 7 - F 7 " UFFT WH oftFr rFF 7 ' F I 
fekttthfl FdrFfeF F FF FF 7 " fddd 2 F fddd 3 
fedoi 'd FFFra tFF FF I 

nratf- FFFfeF — erafeF ^rararafl Fratf- 
FoTFfeF ffli^ Ft FFF FHcfF fecT 3FH F fet life FFt 
F IFF F FF F fFF Fra-FVF Fo F 'S'dldF WT fetHH 




fF3B" 2 : 200 3FH HWW WFt 3o(dl F 7 " tF 7 " I 
(Balance Bean) 




IFF? 3 : feoT 9FK HHW H?t >HH FoiFt 
(Assay balance) F 7 " FF 7 1 

FfeF 3FFfer 7PW HflfFt ^rayfeF FF Foffef 7 
FF 1 Hrat^ FfldfeF Ft ?FF H¥ FF F ^fl 7 " Ft WFF 7 
dsie FFt cffFt iFFt F I feidH FF F ^F FFTF feddlra 7 
FFF Ft ufe fMFFra" Ifefl IflFFfeF FF I FF raFF >HF 
d 1 g -FK 7 Col ' ^rayfer WH^Crl dfedldft F 7 FTgFF 7 

uf^ot fsHFHray ratF 7 flrF 7- f i ftrar F^FftH 7 - rara c?ff 

FTJT-FF FFF 7 >HFF FFFfef 7 W^\W FF >HF fefl F^ 7 
sf'd fed rarat dFdlftl F FoT3t ^F fefFH 7 SF FFl 

ftt F§^ray ff fewra wrat h>M fffTf! f 

VnUptf 7 rFF 7 F fflfl Fffl feF Foist ddoodl Fflt FF 




245 



HUF-fe-Flfa 



It i far f 7 zzfe cfa 7 faF 7 ^ far fa ufa 

H'6)-ffed cVtt ffaffatf 7 i-lfe 1 F ^HF fed H'<5>-ffed 
fac?fat F ZZZ 7 ZZ Ut FFT 7 FF 7 F 1 

ufafoF Ffafafer 7 fez bft wz-zw far z\ w 

fa Fdl'ddtl FfaHFF didl 1 fa sfe fa ttdc( 1 fa H.dtt 3 

FFfafdr fed'dl* yi'fe^FfgpHT^i 

F.U.— fafa. 2 : 1058 

3W5T : FUF OTt tfat F 7 HF-FfFU HHF F 
fFHF 7 FFlfat FJFU fafafat F FF Ft HFt #fat fafat F 
HdTFf FI FTFfafafHTFFt F HW faF HdAdl'H fez 
fsZZ cfat >HH¥ fFF FF fa ZfeZ Z fefFFFT 7 ZZ 
F7T ffa# 1 FUF-fF-FHd't! (HHHF d FH'd F 7 
ZZZ, FUF-fF-HfaFTT (U r fofH3 T 7j' F ffaF-USH fez 
UFfa Ft ?5fat F 7 ?fa F) »FfF I 3UF cFST FF# 1 cfet 
FFHt F HHF HFF F?T fa UFfet f#F fat ZZZ faF Fc7 
fa^t 1 3UF UF, FUF-FFtfat (FUF F FFF fat FHH) 
nrffal 

sHHF Z HFTFT H>W H'F faF7T (1627) fa fer 
Ffa F 7 FUF HF F Ufa fat HcTT Z T UF'fedT 7 ffaF fa 
FUF-fF-d'Qn olldF FF Hc5 I H.dltt FHd'd 1 fa" fed 
irfm ffaFF fat I FF 1739 fat. f#F ?FFF FF fa faFF 

FFWfatF^faFfFfafatFrFFtfafFPiFlfaFfat 
HF fus" §F F FW fa feF fa FF fa »FUF f#F #F 
few I 

Ufafat fafat f#F FUF F 7 Z'Z FFT ffalFFTT fa 
HFfaFU 7 F F5F fa fa FI ffaf ffafFF'H f#F fFU FTJ 
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re feswa rewa wa'ddl aretww watwww wire afaa 7 fe 
ferefare aretww afetww Of wiaw fefaiwpre ffe^ 
rerearet aret re 7 wiaw §a wrea re tfewi 7 fere 7 a ffe 
fea reire re fesfere 7 wire wferere Ire are are are wa 
ffe feresna fea re 7 fea aw fere aww are 7 a 1 ware 1 
wreare wiaw fetarwiret aret re 7 wiaw fea wwr awaa c 




249 



fat fa tu-ufau Ufa U, Ufa HU HUT H T U T 

UUU Ufa UU 7 tf fat H'dfa fa Uft fedd fcW ftUUU 
HU3U ?UU HVTU UHfa faut Ufefa S' £fa Uft 
9d'9d c<d<S fa ufeufa UUU 7 " U I for d<^ 1 UUUffa Hail 
fa Ufa HUt 9 Ufa' 1 fa Uft feutftufr ffaUBTU Wit 
HUUU Ufa 1 " ■riddl Ufa 1 ” U I HUUU cfdcS Ufa 0 § 1 fa r 

ufuh feu feHu 7 uufa ufa Ufa 1- 1 far wr feu 

HUUU fat UTS , litu, fatfa Ufa fa UU HUU UU Uft 

feu fanfa nfa feu feu fa fanu uufuu uu 
fa ufeufa Ufa fefa U I 

dUdfa Hfa W ^ddjlUdcS. ftffu UFUfa UfHHU 
Ufa few U I HTO fa UfUFU fa Hfa §■ HUUU Hfa, 
UKfa Hfa Uft fafaUUfafat Hfa feu tffafe few U ! 
ffejfaw <^rtd' scdlfa unu cv Ufa Qcy fa nfa 
huuu ufa u i fafe ?nfa 1 ufauu w far feu tfa 

— " o 

Ufa UU Uft fafa fa UW-UUffet UfUufa fa 7Ufa fafa 
fe fa Uft §U fUU-Hfafa fa Ufa, tfa fa Hfa UWfa 
UUU fa Ufa Ul fet fafa ffafa ?Hfa fa UfaUU Hfa 

WU feu tfa ut Ufa fafa <^Hd' fa Hfa ufe'U-U'FUUf 
Ufa Ul 

Hfa fa tU STUTUfaHfa HU fa fafaufa Hfa, 
fetlfarU Hfa, UHU Ufa feufa fa UUUF Ufa feufa 
U UU feu tf fafa Ulfa U I fefaUfa Hfa far Hfa # 
up-feu r feu 7 u fet uu fafa fafa ?Hfa fa tu-ufau 
ufaufelfeifafyd Hfa feu UUU feu feHH fa ?Hfa 
fa fa #U-ufaU Ufa U ffat HHfa Hfa, UfUUf Hfa, 
HUT Hfa Upfe I 

HTfaU" U UFUU fa Hfa fa tfa far Hfa far 
UUUU Hfa U UU feu fafa Ulfa U I UU Hfa feu 
?Hfe fa tu-ufau tfa H T faU r feu fafa fafa U I feH 
U HU'HH UUUU Hit feu ^Hd 1 fa tu-ufau 
U^T VPUU 7 " feU fafa fafa Ul Hfa fa tu, fuUHUU 
U UfUTFU fufetu Hfa Uft UffuUHU Hfa fa UU feu 
fafa fafa ui fufetu nfa feu yfau tu fe UH 

feHH Utfa faUfa Hfet Ulfa few UfUTFU fafe 
fafa U UUf HffefaHU Hfa feU tu-ufau fa UH 
HUFdU UU fa ?Hf U HfTFU U ?Hf Hfa, feu? Hfa 
>HU HUU" Hfa U UU feU fafa few Ul §U Hfa fet 
UHHW fa UU-UfaU fafa fafa Ut, fafa UHf Hfa 
wfuw fafa ui fen nfa feu ffaru fa tu-uufe 
fafa fafa ut fafa ffauu nfa wfuw fafa u i fet 

HfaF feWtl fat falU Hfa fefa fafa U fafa HUfa 
Hfa fefa fafa U I fen' Hfa feU HUfa Ht HH Hfa 
falU fefa fafa ufafa Ufa Hfa wfUW fafa Ui 

HK U UfaPU U Hfa fa UU UUW Hfa, W5U- 

fafa Hfa Ufa few# Hfa feu fafa fafa Ul 
Ufafa Hfa feu uufa t HUT U UffaPU UHfaH UUU 
fa Hfa fat Ufa I fHH HU feU faxfa feU UHfafa 
HUT feU UHfafa U UTfaUU Ufa Ul HUT U UUU faW 
faufa UU fafetW UU ufa HUT U li| 9 <i faH" faHfa 
UfU fafauf" Ufa I yufa feU UHfafa UUH'faf HcToT 



drl'ddl HfaUF 

Ufa fa faffa fa Hfa til U I Ufa fat UHd fa HUT UUfa 
7UH yufa feU fafa feUfaUfa U HfaHfa Hfafa fa 
Hfafa feU UHfafa UUW 5tfa fa Hfafa r Ufa fa 
fafa HTHUfafa Hfa fa Uffaw fafa Ul UfHUfafa 
Hfa feU UUH feU fafaTUU HHUfa U UfafaU UHUT U 
UfUfaU UTfafew fa UfafeW fa Hoffa Ut, fafa 

fauiufafa ufa urfuw fafa ui feu ufa feu 

fauUUTT U H'd faUU HUHt UU UU feH cTUoT UUH 

§mru?7 HHufa feu uautfa uu nurfa u i 

Ufa fafa UfUU feUHfa faw %Wfa fa tuu 
Hfa U I UHfa faur urtHfa Ufa ^UUfaTT fa fcUfaUU 
Hfa feU Ufa Ul fet UHg" fa fefa H'dd 1 fa 

Gdu't 1 ^ fa d 1 fatur fa fet uHg - fa fa fanu 

feUUUU UUUff, feU UTH" Hfa fa 9<idd t frtdsfd 
uufa U I UHcT U HUU+, feuufeut Uft ufafafa fa 
Hfuwufa Hfa Ufa §fa ^ feTUffa e UfaFUUfHfaU 
Ufafafa UfUU fefaTfa feU Hfa fa tU UUU 
UffaHUTfa, HfaftfaU Hfa Ufa UfUUU Ufacf dTU’ Hfa 

u uu feu fafa fafa u i ufyu?T ufufeufa-, UUttfaU 

Hfa U Ufa UU UU fet fe fe-UffeUfa (Duopoly) 
UfUU 1 feu 'U (Oligopoly) Ufa fafefeufa ufd^dfa 1 ' 
(Monoplistic Competition) I 

yuu ul fey m3 1 nfa fafa ncfew fafa u fen 

feU UUffafa Ufa feoTdfdW fa HU-fUTfafa^ Ufa U, 
?fa fafa fafa fafa HH|U Ufa U Ufa Hfa feu 
feUUfeut Ufa UUfefa Gfa fet Ufa fa Ufa HUH Ufa 
yfai uffefa nfa feu ufa feufa ufauu fa feuuw 
fafa fa ufefa u Ufafeu ufa uu HcTfa i nfa nfa feu 
fafa fa feu fa ut>fa Ufa U 1 Uffefa Hfa feu uufefa 
Ufa feu'd feut fa UUfa feuffa 7 tfew Ufa U I UU feu 
feuts 1 § H G'dUUU U 7 fefa U''dT § JIPUU UUU 1- 

u fen uuu far faw feurufa-ufa f^rurfa fa uufa 
fafa fa ufau fat ?>fa Ufa ui uu feu uuh utxu u 

Ufuufafa U I fet Ufa UUffafa feUoTU Ufa HHSfa 

*fa Ufa Uft far feu UU fa Hddd faJ feu UH uuu 

UU I feu tfaUUT feu UH uufaw fafauu gUfa UUffa 

HHJU UHfa fa ffaPUU fafa fafa U I ?Hfa feu Ufa 

feufa Ufa Ufa fafa l UUU uffauuifa Hfa feu 

utuuiuufa gufa- tfaHUT feu UUH 5fU HUfaut UU Uffa 
— »\ 

uufetw uufa ffaHUl tUHUUfWUUlUfaU'faUffa 
feuufuur §■ uufuu ufau uu yfa ufafafa ufa ur 
UUU Ufa feuufa Hfa feu UUfHU utHU fa tu ut>fU 
^huuuu fa uuu uuu 7 ufa ufafau far feuufa s’ 

td U UU feo(dd 1 UH ^Hd fa ufau UU HU UU 
fuGTu tfa u fa uufeu ufeu fa Ufa Ufa U I 
fen Ufa fa Hfa feu §UUfaU U HUT7t fetJU'UUUU 
UTfattefa yfa u i fuuuu u hhtu feu tuuur feu 
UPUfa Hfa §■ Ufafafeu" HHUU UU, fu §H feu utu 
UUU UU I faj 1 " fa dldlfartd 1 feU fet fa Ufa 

ufa?u ufa yfa i fen d^ 1 fa nfa feu ?hu fa uuh 
feu fa ufau fuufuu yfa U Uft UUH fa UHU fa HUT 




drTddt HSfef 7 



250 



Hs/1 dt U ■ <d fe 3 c(l Hd Qfe U d 6 tttlo<t' l cl 0 tfl d I ddHdt 
HdUdt 3# #Hd ddt rot I fed dHH oftdd §■ wf? 

1 rtl Otfl d! ft? dl Odl oft Hd HlrtH'd Od fdc( SdK 

fedupdd # HFdd 7 d 7 fodu'dd 5fd# 3i feu dfe # 

Hdt Wd-d'Hddt UUd fed Hddfef ; ?Hd 7 fefe Udcf, 

fed, dfe 7 »fed et 3dt d 1 

W# ?ferfHJ3 Udd ufeddld 1 ^ fed d 
got-TUcCd H# rot dl Hdt fed ferfferd dt dd^d 

feu hvt Crd 7 rot 3 dfe “dHd d 7 Hsft fed feu ut 
fecfdd 1 ' 3fe >Hd s# feofdd 1 ' Hdt fed - ™ d 7 3 
Ho(e I for d^ 1 dt H# fetJ '^Hcj # Uddl Qfe ddH 
d 7 UH 7 UHdd 3d 7 d Md fedUdd oft# dd d 7 # 

■^Hd d rt d dl 0(1 UldH-EFUd <Sd1 dd I dc< 1 fUo( 'd d 

3d fed" »F§d d 7 ^W~ Udd fed d fe QdW fed" 

cwldf 7 SdH 7 d d '.tfHT d<i d HHd U'H tfl Otfl dl 
?fetw gHH 7 d OdMdl fed dH^d 3d fe# dd's# 
dt bd’fUUdt fe HUdt d 7 HU dUd Hd I fed HU 17 ?? 7 
c( 1 cS 6l , c(d HUT d Uddd, fewH-Hlfuc( 1 d > Hd c(H«d' 
e -5TO Udt# Ud I H^nfeoTd of## 3# cddd Ud 7 

3fe»r yopfud'd, Odd ufed fe ^liufe d Hddd 

?dd HdH 3 fed 7 dl fed dfe ddfesl Ud Ud d 
UfdHUUd d 3d fed »Ffed dfe fe fed 1 fUaTd ZZ 
fed 1- d >Hd dfe# ¥UU @dfedl fed dHtfd 3 fefe# 
ddl 'dU'dtut UH«d dWW d 3f HUfed dfe# 
deft-! 7 d Qdfitdl fed dTUd 3d d 'clfoTW d T Hofd 1 d 
Ud fed Hd fed fed # dd^ - ddt Ud T I fed dd fed 
H# d 7 WcTd fe*' fenfd 7 #1 d t d T d fe Tfefef 7 
dd>T dt fed dfdHd ddt d! dfeddt d Wd d Ud 7 
3fe»r fecf 'fuof'd # dd h fe grw dddd tr ddd 7 3i 
fed HVf fed fed Hi? 3 fer gd Hdd Hdldd fe Sd WZ 
>Hd dd FfefeH 7 ddH 7 d Hdddfe ddd ddTdd ddH 3 
dfe! fed ffdt dtdora 7 # dfe fed fedfWd d dd 
dfdd dt HsO^cV WZ d'dt d dd dcf'fUoCd d 7 fed UU 
Udffed ddiWd, fed HH" dd dfd ddd 7 d I dH 1 ftHc< 
fdd 7 fe ftPHdd fed ddfew dfe^H 7 d55^, dd-dd, 
fedfet, Ufet, did Wfd d ddd ffet ^friol fed fcSdl 
ddd 7 fe fet dU d 7 Hdd d7T I Hodfedfet fed dfddd 
cfdd 7 d ffe §d ¥& tdt d^ dfet ^dd dt dfed 7 

fetdd d foddd Sfddt dl Ufd fetdd d #T feddd 7 
t^dfdt old Heft! 1 d Ud Od d-FUdt <^Hd dt fed dffedt 
oftdd fedddd c(dt! ' d ftTFT cS'W Gh d fdd “^Ud 0<i I 

Udd Ufefedld 7 dfd Hd bed lUcf'd did 'ddl Hdt d 
dWrfedVddfedfe>Hdr?Hd 7 dHyU fed ?fetfHdd! 
feo'dc( Ud dHdtfed fety dd 7 d 7 fed fi-THdd felWt! 1 
d fen# HdfeoTdt ufdfeard 7 dt H# mfeWTTdTdl 
fed df 1- dt Hdt fed Hdd TddtW ddH 7 feddt-dddt 
?Hd d 7 0dU't!6 cfddPH 7 dd I dd fed ddH" d^Jfd 7 
fed-Tdd oftdt idd 'S'fel dtMdfetUS'e 0t(1 dl 

dHd-fidd 7 fed d^ 7 dt Hdt dt fed Hd fefefd 7 3# 
d I dd fed ddH ddfd 7 Ud 7 dtdt WZ ddft ?Hd ^rffef 7 
ddH 7 dfef 7 dHlpf 7 d 7 TdTdtdt UfdHHdJd ddt d I ddH 7 
feddf r ufeHd T Hfddd T dUddfedHd 7 9d5 T fedf5'dtHd 



d WTd d ddt HdT ^df-tddd 7 d >>ftrd d dd 7 d I 

dHd fddd 7 , ddd Hfdd, uffedT, fedfetd, d3T; 

fetdTMHJd »fd Udd d ddd Cfd 7 ddt dl WYi dd d 

ddH 7 ddd Hdd Hdfe, Tdd 7 d fdHFd 7 dd fddfef 7 dd 

Mfe fed fed ffet fefdPHdTdHfd ddd d 7 Hdd 7 fedfef 7 

•> 

dd I nfdfet dHd dt feddt ddfetd ddt dd fed ddK 
#dd ddT ddddt d fdd 7Z& #d Gdtdffef 7 d nfddt 
Gdlfdd dtdt idd d 1 # dHd ?dd ddd fet dfed 
dddt d I fed d# dt Hdt fed ddH d 7 dfe Hfdfet ?Hd 
dt dfed Gd" fedd »' dd 7 d Udd dfefef 7 ddH 7 d GdfedT 
fed ddfd 3d d dd d of 1 d <£ dd fed ddH dfed d 7 Od 
Udd dddt d fed ddd ddddd tt'sf f-Tdd dd I #Hd 
Hdd#dt feHftJd ?fet ## tfedt I Hfd ddd 7 dt Hdt 
d 7 ^d ddfedfet UfdfedTd 7 d 7 dd 1 #! 

5d r fdd 7 dt UfdddTd 7 d cS 1 V> cS 1 V> ddt d 7 fed 
fed'dof gdMdU'fUoCd d 7 # d I ddt dt fed Hddd #T 

dd 3d fed M#dt d dd ddt fed df feddd 3d >Hd 
7 dHH'd 1 Odddddfet tdd d 7 # ?dd feTid 1 d 7 # 
3dlfeddfeHT#Ufddftf > >f r dd T d?7ddfed^dddd5' 
#df5'H T dd r d r feddS 7 d 7 3T#dU T d?7 cfdtll diyd# 
d fed sf 'dl 0"ci dddf? dd d ddd ^dd H# fed 
ddd dt dfed fe Udfed dd# d I fed d fedd 7 H^ - 
feddd 3d d ddd #J fed ^d d feddd # ddd dd I 
fed feddd fdtdfed d 7 Udd dd feddf## 
## Sffed 7 >dd ‘Odddd ##># d Ud 7 d I »fd # 
d fed d^ 7 dt K# fed ddd dMd 7 Ud 7 cddl# H'e 
d T #>fe?d#fedfec5d l 'Ufetd 7 dtdUdi'fedddd 7 
fed ddt d3d d 7 eSdOtofl ufdHHnjd 3d d^ddddd 
fed Sdd WJdt feddt fe -^U'Od ffet ddt Udd fed 
fefHPHdid dddt d I fed dej 7 dt ddt fed HoCH W 
feddfeW 7 fed 3d d ddd feldPHdJd dt Hddd 7 UH 
# fdWd 7 #T dfet dl dd dddfe fed dHH 7 dHdU 

?d# d 7 femrdd dd#>3 dd ud >dffedfew T dB 

fd-nffUcdd fed Ud 7 d I fed dej 7 # ddt fed dfet 
feddd 7 dbdd 3d d ddd dfefef 7 ddf 7 d 7 OdddT fed 
ifed dd?d dfet W 7 3d 7 d I ddd dd d ddd ddfd 7 Ud 1 

oftdtnf 7 rdd dfefef 7 ddd 7 Udd dfet HdftRHd UdtdP 
dd ftTd ddd dfefef 7 ddd 7 Hddfet edd ddt fed U#r 
Sdt dd dddfef 7 1 

dTPddt Hdt fed y Z r tf d HU 5d 7 fUd r d Uf5 
Udd UfdddTd 7 dt dd ddt Ufet fedtl fedfedf 
dtHf 7 0 1 rtd 7 ^HHrtl / Hd fe Hdd dd ddl dddlfeo 

fedd fed 5d 7 fUd T dt ufdddTd 7 Md Wlf difodd 

dfef 7 UUdd 7 dt Ufefel 7 H 1 til Hf 7 dd I 

dTTddt Hdt fed Udd ufdddTd 7 d 7 Hcdfuufe 
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*s — 

3d ddt sdH 7 dd HH 1 feUd # fdddd dddt d 
»FH # d Hf HU fed SHH 7 Gdfedf Hfdd ddfd # 
dt HHdH 7 Tdft dUtilof 7 fed ofdof fiWd 
JHWU'fUofd' # Hd'^cS 7 3dt d Udd M Hit fe 
Ffefef 7 ddH 7 OdfedT fed HUH 7 # 6'rt dUd" ' 




HcTFfaf 7 -FF PHH cfFoT Hsft Ft dlidd ^o< 1 fuo( 1 d 
ufd^dld 1 ■s'rtl ye rlfel F I 

F .y ,-^te- .fe . 1 4 : 90 5 ;>>fF fe .H 7 - 6: 6 3 4 2&T .fF F . 1 1 : 5 1 1 
Ft fe'dicVfHFH feotcfF MdlHcS : fHfJTFT FF dfyAHF; 
Bt ffclQdl HF T UfefTfccT oTUldlHF : ?t. , *fF. HHFfoF 

HH3" : ftjSp-fFF Ftrwt-UFFf to f 

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— o o 

F 7 Hdd-HcFF F I fe?y F 7 cTW iidd^rt 3,205 fe.lit 
»fe >X 7 H 7 Ft 45,31,457 (1991) FI fSF few 7 FfeFt 
FfoWF fUTFf KFTO F FF fFH F 7 FfeFTFfe^FF 
FfefeTFFFFtQtl'^'d ^ Hlfe^yHF tfefe feF 
fFF FI oTfeWF F HFTO F W FWFHF >MF Hfet 
HFFW F HF1H F FFFfe few Ft' FFW-UH^t FF FFVf 

o s 

FFt F I cO^dl e fd'X 7 FtW - FFF H'dl'M 7 IFtFfe fe?J 

fetf dlFFelw FF fefe feF fitfPBt FFt oTFt feFfe 
— 0 

^Ffer FFlFF FF >HF few 7 f%F oTFt feFF F 7 ufe 

o 



UTF 10 HFt»F F ?Ffew W FFfef 7 FF I FF 7 , FW >MF 

Hdi'oFi 1w few - w fhw 7 ffi >H?r r F fe - ujnfHdi 

fW FT HFF^FFF O^Mdl FI felFT f%F oTFt feoffee 
feUF FF fi-lty feF dHd , ols/'dcSF MF rt 'di'UdlcSK 
KF FF I few feF oTFt HFFFUFF HFHFFF 7 FfF 
WHTHUFF 7 FF I 

F.U.-^.fe.H 7 . 11:673; fe.3F.fe. 23:242; fzi.fe.B. 
5 : 278 

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FFF s/'ddt dW-d'd Qfe KFFFT cT WFTFFT 325 fe. 
lit. Ft FFt F FfeFt Ffe F §UF T f' #WF F Ug>ft IFF 
HfeF FI 

F^t F fFPiTF^t HFt FoT fFF hIfF FW FrftFH 7 
Ft KFWt FFTOFFt fFF 7 FI fFF F IFW 7 ^ 7 feflFFIF, 
HFW >FF Wlfeft FTF Ft ?t fFF FWfet fFF 7 FI 




16 HFt few Frfeof F r fe > 5f 7 F»f T H T HFrfWT M# HFTF HFiF 7 )! 7 F^TF 7 ^'fe^f 7 fFTM 7 
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252 



ddd 

H77 1749 ffes fej Hftra" FTfuS W7 OTfMw' S 

m ffes fffifor j spw sret fey nffwa 1- us" 

fUTTIMS 1855 ffes fes S >H3H dW st Sr 
cfel <7 'dH 73 US’ ddd , fer Qfe yd 3 l <sl / H r Hdd'd S' - 
? fopj-r i 

fet set ynastw fefed'Hd us s 

H <6 1 rtl W ttdl d'fel ftTS cTtltfldfr 377 I feTjT fed fed 
TTdH W fW M3 HSd UKtf 7J77I fedAdld few S^ 
cSSt fdTF 3+ S^T fScS fdTW tl feFT S fiS fe^dldl 1 
fett S TT* - S 1, fec( U7T £d' few 3 ftTPT fed Ufefed 
fR% dl dF 37SM >>f3 fe d d H d ' H <t! ' Ht S 1 " HBTJcT HSd" 3 I 
HS3 QdttlW fWJ3+ 3 U3 1- 7531^ 3 fST fefT S 
fdTWjfef Hdl fed d'd'd'H' UftJB" 73 S fed d75 d'H 

S gsVfeWHtl 

fey st Mt)'6d Hdd 'd HH" 3TTd 3M75" _ y6d ' tP" 



oi fed Htl fey d'rt fet" ddl dWdHoT tjld' 
cftstw TSStw 7177 fflTS ffes Hdf)3 HTJ tPH S3 
dFHt 3 Hdl SU73, 7573, dHld 1 , dlfd<i Hf 
77SWt #77 wfs HH33 377 I 

H77 1860 fed ddd 7} few S 7 Hdd-HcT 1 

as 1 few fmr M3 1866 Ht. ffes fey fefrojTT; 
nsfet dfef i fey fey ffeTS fes 31 wyfcy eftrs fer 

«J <J — 

M3 fen S S §31 TTUIdT - V Hfew dfew 3 1 fe?3 ffe 
'SdAd'd'dJsJT &y-77dT3 &33 fe?7 3 M3 St 
HTTHyd'dfel SdS-ydS fe?7 3 I fey 3fad ffes HSd 1 
ycSfedfedT 7735* 3333 8 5333 3771 

Wdt ~ 2,02,013 (1991) 

10° 47' §\ffey.; 79° 8' U. S3 

d.U.-WT.fe.H 1 '. 11:673; fi&V. 3T. f&sT. 23:242; f 
f%. f . 5 : 278 




feddH ~ dd‘ HSd sf dtfdl<* ffes ftp? 3 fed' M# Sdl 3 S^S 7 ^ tF3 Sfe - JWHfe’JT 
S^- S' lSfef HSf ffes gfew HSd I 




253 



US' 



■dcJ : fed feo( Ud '31 fed^ U X d31 ' 3 

Fhd'Al fert'd IfeX 3 UTO X I fen TO fe fd IFf'6d TO 
Fifed# 1 UTO (Cedrela toona) U I fen SXUd" TO Fi'ced 

ft 3 u3 fwx 3 froro toxxt 3 33 uw i few 3 fro 3 

XX3t TOT XSTO U 1 for tTXUW 3 WXXt FfWFFXtFF, 
HX F{3 ddHlFF FF"f3 US'Gs #ul <dddl rffel Ul 

U.U. “H.t. : 446 

dd (Element) : H'fed fetl dfe HHX 3" Ff6o( ; 
FfXX 3 XX3 UW TO UFTfegS-frofUTFFW fTOX few 3 
feifFI Fldtj 06 I dH 1 fefed dd Fifed lltl'dif 06 fedd 
dH'fefSd fefFF Xfet FIST TO H'U'dA UTOXTO fTOS 
w3TO3‘TOFTx3lfeu3UH l U'dS UtFdU UW fXcfe ^ 
XXfeFF FT# UXTO fXFTFF 3 FFTO (tfex 33") TO TO 
to ft 3 fro xfe uroxx to fesxs Ffetx 33 frox #3 
WTO UW I US 33 UTO W3T XX 33+ 3 fjTS.3 106 3, 
fH?3 fw TOTTOT 90 33 XX ‘dd fTOX dH'fefed TO 
fTOXT Hddd FfXFTTO fTOX TO TO XX 33 WTO few US 

few3 to i uxrow xx fro tow fthxxs ftxxef 
fTOS fewS TOTO 10 33 : XWW, FTWXX, 3TO, 
FtxtFfet, 3ro, xw3, xro, sfert, uxr ft 3 fro sx 3 
uro 3i ufetw f3 huocmI towftto ftwffx ux 3, 
uro, ftut ft 3 ust to 33 to frofe 3* to gfefefet 

Ut! 'dfci FfS O' el Hdld U fsFF ufeFF 0" I rWfdlFi‘6d 
(dH'fefed) TOT 3 333 33 3 fdlSdl TOW 5 TO 6 
dcf 3 31x3" irt fro - fro Frfuxs, , ftwtox, ust ft3 
to3i ff3wx uu frox 33 xus 3 toxto tow 
1961 3. TO FfJ 33 XTO 3XXX 3few (Robert Boyle) 
3 ufeittl to 33 r 3 ft3 ftxto frox" froFFfuFF 33 i 
fed 3 HTOTO 33 TOtT XTOW UX'dHof 31 TO w3 3 
TOf3FF TOTO" 3 fdQTd §X XX §3 FffTOF TOT w3 
Fit, fxx 3 fed uro tot Hd fx feod 33 to - ft3 

fro# 3XTXI TO 1789 frox S?XW. W T TO r fXFF 
(A.L.Lavoisier) 3 FPlfet USTO fTOX UTOXU 3 Ff§X 

to fror 7 tto ft3 fojto fero fero i 3f3ro' tof 3 
from 3 ufowr 33 f3 yfdid'' 3 dH'fefed' fewro 
3 FFTO 3 ut fwyfeFF TOTO- 3t I 

TO 1789 fror W3'feFF 3 FfOfet UFfTOT 
‘Traite elementaire de chimie’ fTOT 33 3 x3t 
ud'fed 33 1 fro fror 3 t 3 fiftw 33 23, f(w33 

(alkalies) f 3 TO Fifeo-rdfe (Oxides) FFKW did I TO" 
1800 3. TOTO 1- (A. Volta) TOlt 5TTO 3x3 3 

Sro 3 itto feFfTO fefroxFfew 33 ^ §3 ^ 

?FW f3i3?7 TOTO TOtFF 3dl 33 feTFF I 3X- 3 F^t 

Ut TO TOFfTO FTO o.igdl 33 (Sir Humphry Davy) 3 

h3f{x ft 3 uroftFix 3 11333x33 Fiwd«l3 
x frow3 ForuTTO (few3u3wfHX) tox 3 33 
h3ftx ft3 uto3fih totoi for 3 fntr 3 fepro 3 
33 33 3 u3I33ft3x toItot to i 33t3 fi3 3 

— 0 »v ~ 



ft?j 3 33 82 33 3 9rr 3 33t 3 1 vf3u3 3 ftto 
ft3 utox 3 TOdd fro xx3t3 to ftw toto 
H sC^d 3l 

HXHd'Ad 3 Ff3TO-r (Isotopes) - 33 3 33 

d<i' 3 TOFFS' (atom) FFW UW I Ufuw uftlW TOFF5" 
3 FfUT TO <TO 33 TO HdS TO3 fec( H'U'dS feoCdl 
FIFffXFF TOTO 3 TOW for fecT Uf¥WTOU TOSdd 3, ftTFT 

3 3ro feQdMlFlH UTO 3l foGdttlFfFT 
f3w333 ?row fuffroF uro 3 fex fro utot (to- 
totot) ft 3 f333w (toutt ufuw) 33 UW I TO 33 Ff3 
3 ft 3 TOFF^FF TO feoT fTOX UTS", 3x 3 rAOdrtlFTFT 
frow tow 3 tuiw3 3, fror w toffw-^tx-fft 
( atomic number) FFtf3 UW I fewXTOTO 3 fdlSdl 3 
TOFFW-^X-FTO 3 Hd'Hd 33-3l UTOTO Ff3 feOdJA' 
3 fdiedl TO XW UX-HfyFF (mass number) UTO 3 
Fridd 1 ttdlsfdl TOFFS'- si 'd (atomic weight) 3 Hd'Hd 

3to3i 

20 3 Fl3 3 FFUX fetT 3 Fffx3 UTOUTO TO 
UTO wfUTFF, ftl3 3 dH' feSd UTS" faw3-Xw3 FTW 
u3f §3 3 utsto f 3 33t3-Ff3fe¥ urw 3ro 
FTW I fro 33 33 tutFfH 3tFF fefe 6d '<^1 FTWfX3W 
ff3h2u to to fxro ffetFF i fero to toffs'-^tx-ftx 

fed UW oidof feo Ft 1 d dl H'dSl (periodic table) 

3 fex FfTOW 3 FF§3" FTW TO fe3 3 fwfXWtFTFF 
ffex fAG< r A' 3 few 33 3i hw 1912 ffeur ftu 
X.X. TOFfFTW (J.J. Thomson) W UX dldl f3 Hfed 33 
3 fFW, fxx TO TOH'S-^X-FTX 10 FfW TOFFS"- TOU 
10.183 3, FTfetSTOF TO fFTHUS" 3 1 fex Xfe" ?3 ffw 3 
3 FffetFfeU Ne 20 Ff3 Ne 22 £ 3f xftTO fUTFFI XX 
fxx fu3 fex xtx 1 - ff3h3u Ne 21 3 3f 3ro fep>F i 
fex wfe- 3ro 3 Fffefesx 3f 33 ufe ft3 utow 
33 ut3i xxu3 ffxIhtof 3 few^ 1 1,000 3 3 
3r ys'Qdl u33-Ffxfex Frfetxsu xsfe to xx 
uw 1 fex to 3 33 w 33 x, feux uuffs’-^tx-ftx 
TOW 33 3 3 3 TOTFFHlHdU" w3 33 ttto fx XXIX 
TOFFS'-^X-FTX TOW 33 3 3 3 TOT FffetXTOT few3 
06 I fex WE?t dd Go TOTTO UW fX?jF 3 TOFFS" FiXXU 
6dl 33 Hdl Fifed TOFFS’ 33 UW fec^ 1 TO TOFFS' 
9 Tx-ftx fex frox- UTO 3 1 

FfS" Ff3 XU'dd (Molecules & Modifica- 
tions)- TOFTU" TO dd« TOWS fTOX UFFfefeX XX 3 
HXX dd , FTSFF 3 XS” UX 33 UW I FTSFF fetl fed 
TOFFS' TO UXFF^FF" TO HX]fe UTO U feUX FPUXXTO 
XW (Valence forces) TOXX 1 " fex XX ?XW XXX 33 
UW I Gw%XX XtFF (noble gases) fees' 3 feWdTOWt 

xsxx fxxx fxxx 3 33t u fex toffs3 utff 

(Monatomic) UXtFF UW TOTO feefe 3 FfS FTXX fex 
TOFFS' UTO U Ff3 fe3 3 TOXyw He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe 
Ff3 Rll (UtwtFfH, WtFFW, FFXXFW, f^TUd'6 , 31 6 '6 




xfo 3377) 377 I 3^3377, X30tfoTf77, TTfoldpH*' xfo 
o(Mdl* Xffo 3TF3 § XT3, fo (diatomic) 

377 I fe^7 § 3733 9TK XfiTW H 2 , 0 2 , N 2 Xffo Cl 2 377 I 
fo §77 .g'HSdH ¥3TV 3 33 XfiJ ffo W 

U 3 > 3 f (P 4 ) xrt for 300377 for e U 33 r f (p 2 ) fo 

377 1 

SH XP333 7 ffo fo xrffo 33 377, for 7 § 
r^TH^ft- Hifit XffXf 7 3 33" 33 3771 fefo 3 U3>fo 
<gOd 3dll 3^ T Fdo( 33 733 ddd 03 33 377; QVddcS 
33 HW33 (S 8 ) Xt3 XT'ffosfo (I 2 ) I 533377 3 W 
flfoo( fdrtctdJcS (Valency electron) 377 Xf3 ffo 703 
fofofflor 3377 (covalent bond) X<i ' Hfof 377 1 fo 7 , 
[■Hd 3' for ct'ddcV tff 3f Id of d3tf 'd fcfHrf 3 ; TO 33 
U3H'<± 3 'd orf?7X3 Q\i 3 7 3 33 33)331X3 7737 3f?7X3 
33 1 ” 3, FhOpJ Xt 3T 33 3'd 3 'd UOK^Xf 7 7737 rirf 33 
33 3771 f35T §" ffo'« X73 (giant molecule) X3fo 
377 1 33K7ftxfK (Germanium), ffolofT) (Silicon) xfo 
foofttdl (Gray tin) 3 fo 3'd foi-lof nfocfd'O 
(Valency electrons) 33 377 I §H u'd 1 3%3 7 3 folX3 
377 333 f37 ffo3 IRfH'd; X3 TO fot 3T3U 773f 
TO 7 1 3‘d W1 3377 (metallic bond) lfo)H 333 3 7 3, 
ffTJT fo 3tff fonTH 7 3 3373 (bonds) '77 T 3 337T 7 773f 
oftfo W H5T3f I 

333 H'd 33 3 P 7 3 3 for IcfHH 7 3 33 7 33 7 
(modifications) ffol f>ff73 077 1 for ffoPH 7 3 f3?7 
033 7 fo xlfovf (allotropy) Xhfo 331 fdd fctfdxf 7 
^33t ?33t ffofo 3 Xf3 333 5733 foV3fo 3 ffolf 
Xffort33 ffo 0 2 (X3H xffoforfo Xf3 0 3 (§33), fo 
§ fo § fo fo 3fofo ffofo 3fo?7 S?fo fof 3 ffo fo 
53333 rffo Xt3 fofofo fo H333 (ffoH-fotfddl 
(Rhombic) Xffo f3oT-773333t (monoclinic) feed 
9333 0333 7 7737 HVVfo fofjXFfo ttfo dctfocfl 
FTH3, 33-3V3 7 fo ufofofofoH (Polymorphism) fo 
fofo>3 3 7 3 7 31 

VOffot-HfoTT : §333f 3V ffo fo73 for 90 
33- ffo 33T33T 30 33 V3§1 §3 3fofefe3T 33 3 
H333 3V ffor fVTf73 33 fo^T fej 33 foil 33 ^3 33 
7737 dH 1 (dfcict 33 3 fH3 33 773f fH773l fed 33 
OFPfofeoT 33 3 H33 let fdxt'hilrt 773f 33 Otl'ddd: 
^3, 6 1 dl d H o , H77 7 , UTTTtTTK, 3 7 3 7 Xf3 XT fo( fd xt 1 m! ft 
for 7 (Inert gases) 3 fexf 7 3 1 " H33 7 31 Xi'ooilidT? 
f333f for H33 3f forfeXTHfo 33 3, fidH 3t 
K T 33 7 gr r 3 7 ?33 f%3 H333 3V 1%3 Xf3 fbiHdd 5V 
fW Ufof , 3 V33t 3 yfofo fe3 ffo53f 3 1 

H333 3V f?3 ?3 T ^33 foo fH33 ?fof XTomt377 
irfof forfexr 7 (metabolism) Xf3 ufexf 7 

foxf 7 ofo fofforfo fe3 'gddl H'tfl 31 

UP3t 3f UU3t f33 f>P73 33 7 3f XfH3 

K33 7 W3f f%3 33Rfot 3fo3l fo^ 1W 8 33 H3 



3 ffoX 7 ? 7 K33 7 fo3 f>373 33 ffof for xfofof? 
(466,000 f3H Vf3 1,000,000 W 46.6%), fffoW 
(27.72%) , xr^fHTTtxrK (8.13%), SO 7 (5%), 333fx 
(3.63%), HfofoH (2.83%) , VOfoxfH (2.59%) X 
HdkSfHlxM (2.09%) I for U33f 3f Ulfof 3 98.5 
f3H 3 Wt gfV 333 7 3 I 

xfffoF V3i3 33 1- 3 fo fOTF 33 3f H333 7 ; 
§3 33 3 f77fofofxrFr 3f 3333 7737 ^fo 3T3 7 fo 
31 ffor forv fo3 sy«y .iff. OOffoTH" (W.D. Harkir 
XT3 33 foffxp 3XP3 7 feofdd cffo 33 for 33 33 ff 
Xf^TPO 377 :— 

1 . HH37 V3H T 3-9TH'-xfcr ?fo 33 fo3 
f?3 377 Xf3 fefo" 3 Xffoffoi 7 fo f3T33f fo ffo 
uotPg'-^rK xfo sfo TTfo for 3 1 trafo ffo3 hk 
vorrs'-^TH' xfo ^fo 33 ffon-T uoH^-xfor 7 3 

TTfo 33 3J3 7 for 377 I fofToF ffo 7 (meteorites) 

for xrgv3 70 xfo 1 3 17 3 1 

2 . xrffoj ffofo 3 foforfoxpT fo 

foffoTT 7 fo fo33f 31377 3fo 3 §3 fofo UOH 7 ^ 
fofo 3 f?7forfoxT3 ffoj foeTH fo33f ^fo fofoo 
33 377 7737 33 f)TJ73 377 1 

3 . 3377 U3-fovxp (Mass number) ffo 

orfoxfo fo foTsfo foyb' fo-Hfvxr foOctfoxi 
3 3333 ffoo for 31 

forffvxf 7 ?5fo 7ffxf77 33, ftT3 3 UOb 7 ^"-^! 
Xfo 10 3, 3 ffo Xffofov 377, ffofo fo H3773 f 
3fo 3 : 

Ne 20 (90.8%), Ne 21 (0.26%) xfo Ne 22 (8.9%) 

fojfo ffor 3foftT77 fo 33 3 few 7 H 77 
ffo ffoT 7 3 1 ffo ^77 3333X3 3 90% 3 fo ; 
33T Hfofo 7 3 1 ffo 3 UJ3 'Rfo 7 fofoxf3 fo 3 I 

dje (Properties) — 3fo 3 did; Q* 1 
U33 l ‘ixf 7 fo fforfoSTif Xctdd Xfo XPcTVf 3 f?77 
7777 H33 fo W xfe" 33 377 1 §37133 fo 
33§ §3 fofoXfH W fVURT^-TdPT 3 
fo 3X3-272° 3. xfo §377 33TT 7 -268.9° 3. 3i 
ffo 3313377 3 T fVU773-33Tr 3,387° 3. Xffo 
337T 7 6,700° 3 . H3 3 fo 377 1 ffo 3fo fo 7 
UT33 7 ffo fo Hfo Xf33 3 1 3 7 fofo77 fo 1V33 7 0° 
xfo 33§ §fo 8.986X10 -5 33. fofo t 

3fo>f)33 xfo fsfofoxfK xfo xfofoxfH (osmium) 
22.56 33. Uffo '<33 fofoffo fofo 3 I 

^ddllo(dft (Classification) — fo 7 fo Qc^ 1 
313 7 Xffo 3333 fo X333 fo ffo ffofo ffo fofoxF 
HOTS 7 3: Xrffoffofofo 3T3 7 , TTfo Xf# XRFfo I 

XfffofexpfoK fo 7 - fefo fo fo 7 , ffo 7 f 

ffo foforfo fo 3 3 33 r ffo-ffo3PH T 77 fo 333 




255 



UF 7 (t 1 fey S' HWt FWtW W (Valency shells) 
f%F feft'FFH FT UF UH, ufetufH f#H f UfF 
H^tur feu ufe fe»F<fe uh uh i 

iff 7 — ff 7 f#F fey* - Ft furardt hf f fnuFF 7 
65 fi fen 7 f 7 fen feffe bsh feu ft fF fen 7 f 

o 

HMHoi feWF^H 7 (valence electrons) Ft fdiedl life 
dtll U UfF Udl Uih 'cdl cV fd fey H UHH Fdd UH- 
Uf'fe* (positive ion) He'd F 7 HFti UHI fey 3 
UfFHfefe UfF UfetfeFHfefe trfe UH UHI IFF 7 feF- 

K — 

uyfey (negative ions) F 7 ddlcffy (radicals) HF cfe 
fFHH H ?JF g'<f T ffet>>F UHI HFFU UU f%H feHF 
i^fetuf 7 IFF 7 f#F HUF fHUFH 7 HHF ufet F I FF UfF 
HF F sfe UFt IFF 7 Hfet ftfetuf 7 F 7 feF 

ddiluf 7 UFtUf 7 UF I fey U'd' H UUHPcfUf 7 fWdced 
fetfe UoPF H WF oT 3 # feu FHf UfF ferfet ffet 
Ftituf 7 HHFHF UF UHI HUFtuf 7 IFF 7 cfdfeoidl, 
fuutHHUT UfF HFHF UFtUf 7 UH, fay H 7 fUlUHH- 
HUF 7 UfF GhFT-FUF 7 Gfe 7 UH 7 U I 

UflFF 7 — UflFF 7 H #3" Ft UffaG HfFF UJF UH 
faUF Hfetuf 7 WF feu H 7 # UF 1 FF UflFH 7 
FTHHifet FHJVFH F UTH 7 UH, feF HUH F UfF H#t 
Htuf 7 FH UH 1 fey F HFFF feHFFH 7 Ft fdlFdt 
HUF faUFH 7 UFt F UfF dH'fdfe:F fafeUFy FFH 
FBt Wfe Fy fettofdfe UTfaF UfUF feF wfeT Ft 
fdlUdl ^0' FHtUf 7 UH I 

U.U.-UlF.fy. 8 : 270 

cfe : UUfe faFFW H UH FF UfHF 7 UH |F H 
HHTF H 7 HF FFF kf?F>F FI feF H'Hdd FIFTFF 
fefet Ft FF?F Ffe F HHFTfe F FFt F fey Ft 
HftP>F 24 F I ft-IH 3y Hdld Ft FF?F dd 1 F FFt F 
Qh 3y Ft Hdld UF dd' F Hfeitf F I feH ceded 
Ft HFtF # ‘UF F3F HFtF ; feF Ffe 7 F UF nfFFt 
FraHt # fFHK Ft yd'^d ‘W irlFFra' W 7 ^ 

’TFFFrT # SF # Foft F Fra 3F 7 FFt Heft FI 

UFfet 3Wt FF »{FHra HFtF UF fF 7 F 
Hfem 7 F- 'Ufe 3F # FtF Ffe#’ fetFPrfTfef 7 # FF 
FF FFT I UF fe UF fey F F1F tF# HHF FF 
> H6H 'd FF — 

(1) fUH#t F FTF-FF, HFT, 75U ; FF 7 , FH I 

(2) Hrt F FJF— ¥tFF, FF, fHF, HF, HF I 

(3) >HFT?7t F FIF-FtF, fU, fWF, UHt?F, 
WFTI 

(4) F FfF-UW (F57F), FM (U^FTF), 
HFF 7 , HHFF 7 , dF'Oi 1 I 

(5) ^FFTF F FIF-SPF, §TT, HF 7 , HF >HF HF I 



FF 

F'fFct' iHFHra 3F 7 Ft fdlidl 36 F UF HF 
craft #t feH Ft Hferf 7 36 H7TF FF I FkFof 7 cS H 1 d 
ddl^'cS fei - F »FUF UF HU 7 F UF iHFTFtfe - F 7 
#UFF fFF 7 1 fey UF 7 WI?ft>fe F Ft 36 FF 7 
F 7 fFFF 7 cftF 7 fFFH 7 1 

F.y.-rr.f. 69; HF. 572; fit.F.F. 1:348. 

3^ UW : HF 1714 (HHF 1771) f#F HF 7 
HF T FF F UfF 7 F ^fFUFF f#F M 7 # FfFHFF RtIfH 
f#F irflfet dlFt oefdH FF F yF 7 old'Qdfl FHjf >HF 
^ 1 fddjd Ft oft SFftr Ft H 7 F HF H'fdy (fFH F #H F 7 
FF Ft FIF FffHF FfeH Ft) 5ft FfFF HH'Gi ffe 7 1 
FF dTHF F §F Ft H'dF r dl F »TUF Unj F HFFF FF 
ftFH 7 1 fer Fy fHUF F F FH HF FTF I ftTUF FHHH F 
fFFH 7 fUFlfeFftjF? T HHF§F' t FF tPHF 7 ’ >HU^fe 
>HF F HF 7 HFFF F HF1F FH, §F 'HFHt U 7 HF 7, 
FFrGH HFT I HFHt fFU 7 Ft felHFt HFF life F UF §F 
Hft Flf FTH FrfFH F fF §Gt FF UFH UHFF $ FFt 
HcFF UfF HFF HHcFF FJFHF UftSH'd FFF FH I 

U.y.-H.t 

33F : fer #U #U foTHK F fecfF, HHcTF F 7 
Fcg’-gH FF FH I FFF HFTFF f%F F^. |H UfF HfFF 7 
Ft HFIFt F 7 ^FFH' F UfF HofFt Ft GIfHH 7 UCFH F I 
UFK FF F UFfe - F UF r FH UfF UFK Ft fe^Ht GhfT 
H FTTH ^H UrafeF F F^ HHUt FTH 7 F 7 7F FFF F I 
FFFH'Hdd fw Ft FFH 7 FFft Ffet F I fUHddl HFFt 
Ft UF 7 feF F UfFH 7 #t HF F F#t Hft I FFF 7 Ft HF F 
#sft f#HHF r F^F Ft fHHddl HofFt H Gtif 7 FF?F F I 
Gf Ft UfHHt UHHF F 7 HofFt F 7 fHHddl F |U f#F 
H'eS^tcfdcS cftF 7 Ffe 7 FI FF FFF feF fFF FH ffey 
f'FF feHH Ft UFcVt F 7 d'U 1 H sfdldl F 7 Udlcf HlHUf 7 
H'tl 1 F UF Giy Ft HF HHFt F?t, fe^ Ft HFHt F 
HFF Hfeuf 7 gU 7 H H?fet F UfF Gf UfFf FF F F 
FFfFUf 7 feFcTF M FTH H’F Ft HFH f%F feu Ffe 
FH I FFt feF Ft HofFt F FF F Gf fFHF HFFt F 
fFH F 7 HHF fFHHt feHHf UfF H'U Ftuf 7 HFFfUf 7 
?FH F UfF feF FFF 7 F HU fFF FH I FFF UF 7 ffet 
UF HFtFtuf 7 FtF 7 UF HoFF F 7 fe’ FH :— 1 . HF, 
(HFfe 2. HFT, 3. HFHCf, Hgt 4. HFF 7 , fF FF fFFF 
UfF FFF F 7 HFF 7 , 5 . HHH, fF?fet feHU I FF HFFft 
F F UU FF FH, fFF 7 F FW, cTFHt UfF 

dd 'Gf 1 I pH O h 1 UfF did! fu^ Ft HFFt F HF)ft 
^H UU FH, FF fF FFFF UfF Ffet dd'Gd UU FH I 
FFF F 7 HFFt Ft UF 7 FFH ^feuy Ft F HFfetUf 7 
fFF FtFt Ffet F fFF FF fHA'd'dl F FFf^Ffet, 
HF UU F 7 # F 7 UH UU, I HF UU ^TfeUf 7 Ft UF 7 
FHHT3HF fU fFF HHft F, UH UH UU HFFt Ft 
oSd'Gil ufFdFt - H UFF UH UfF feF HUF dt fedd'd 




256 



33 53fU3" 

33p TPl feHddl dP UtT r ?T 5577 fV f53 3p 
5T3T 5Hd5 f%3 fyHd'dt 3 fV f53 3p3t 333P 3 M3 
y«' PhoHI fHrt'U ddld«l'>T" 73 fecT d'dl 3 I ddd UtT T 
w gn f 53 33173 M 3 U 33 P 1331 fW 33773 3 i 

y.U.-flhfH.y.; k. t. 

33" H'fdd : 33^ dP fol^dP H33 5dP 35lP 

*S — 

t3eP 3 M3 fW 53 333+ & >Http>f?7 3p ufew 
3 I 53 foy^ - M77533 333 Wf dP Pdld'dt f53 377 I 
feTTWdP W f33, 333 333 33 31cf3 f53 d3 313 
377 I MH-dS^' (Mw 3" Hd'3l7>' 35) P5H<£5d'3' 
(ftfW 3" 3377 35) M3 3W3 1 (ftfW 3 
Hd'H'dld 35) fe7VP5M i ' 3 Wp77 ?T 377 I (53 
M5’<V r ?7 3p 35135 fUHpllTTff 3P3 33331’ W H333) I 

fer efrPH 1 - fypH 1- 3 53333 53 f%HH sw ? 73 p 

33 f35 d'd'd'dttU, 5355773 M^l H3^ fTTW 
3F333 1W ^7T 333 333^ 3^ ^333 3 fi333 H3H 

*— - <J 

Hfi-RH 1- TTSp 543353377 33 1 ofdl Hd 1 7) 1 tt 51333 ddd ' 

trlM 1- 53 ^ycfty-r FrapM^ 33 1 

333 133 si 1 d I ' fed 53 diy 33 M T 3R4, M 'H77 
M3 H3 3331 ?wt 333 M73F3 frT5T 333 f53 
PHHdP, 3377, 35PdM t 31" UlT r , H3 o CdtT 3 53377, 
3354333, 33333 53377 M3 33 U3P3 3 fWTE— 33T 
3 1 " 53377 3%, OH 3 M'dlH Pdd 1 i-l'd 1 tP; Pi-IH 333 
f53 fTO3t 33, 333, f33^33, ^TH, H3 k , 53333 
M3 33T 3351 3 1 " 53377 3% OH3 140177 o((dtd 33 M3 
PhH 333 f53 PhH dl , 33, H33 — f3333, tT33 _ 
f3333, dldtl , M013H MdH, Mdl 3351, P^d 'd M3 
MftlM T 3>f3 fefHMrr 3 T 53377 3#, Oh^ H¥ 333 I^F 
tT f 3 r 3 1 

333^ W fHIF3 f33 3 fo[ 3333T 1%3 %fe3 
333^, 3*3 M3 33F MFfe 3 1 " 33t 33 33f 33 1- 1 fe3 
33T f33 33 U5T3 3t fjfut 33t 333^ 3p Hd'f33 r 33p 
T33t 31 333 33T33 f%H3 333 3 T 333 t 333 3333 
3 1 d'dfdcT 3 33 33^ M3 333-U3 r 3f33 33 1 33 
H3T3 fe3 33 : 33, H3T, >M, H33 T M3 H33 1 
d'dPdd 33 3<^ PdM 1 " 3t 33 1 "' 333 33 33 Oc^ 1 3 1 " 
33 T -feu l 6 33 3 1 333t f333 3 T 3 1 

333 313 trotM 1- 3 3t 33 M3 Id^M 7 3 3t I 33t 
333*" 3 1 " 333 3W 3t3 M3 f333 f%3 31 f&3 
3 T f3oT Pfeidj 1 3 03“ 333 o(ld3 33 1 ^'d'dl 333 3 
fe3 33 T «,dl3 T 3 f3 3Hcf)', 5rf33, 7333, 3T33T, 
3333, fsTOT, HoT3, 33H33P M’fe fdTftM 1 ' 3 ^P 333^ 
3t 333 T o(l dl 3 1 Pdd M 1 " M3 HUlM 1 " 3d 1 33Vn” P^d 
333*“ 3 M3t 333 H'Hdd HVffW 3^ 31 3^3 
3tf3M r 3 T 33' 333 ? T f3M t 3 H T 3H3 3t fe73 3 33T3 

*s ^ 

3373 tl 1 ol td 1 3 I oltt'dd^ddd f%3 PttPtfM 7 ' 3 f3 U3, 
feH33t M3 U3 33 3 7333 f%3 fed 3133 
53333 3 f3F 3 H T 3H3 U3T3 773t 3373 3 T 3p3 T l 



MWT 33 r^M'H f%3 33 fed" 33 333^ 3 1 " 
Q<d>y 3 ( 

1. H'Sddd 333, 2. 3do( 'dl 333, 3. 0"dd 
333, 4, 6ltt 333, 5. 3p3 333, 6. 3H'dl 333, 
7. 33=^ 333, 8. ■cY'3'foil 333, 9. 3'Pddl 333, 
10. W 333, 11. HHM'3'd 333, 12. #3^ 333, 
13. t3?t 333, 14. fdy3 r 333, 15. cTM'dH^d 333, 
16 . oigcfdH^d 333, 17. H T 333 T 333, 18 . 5T3 5133 
333, 19. P^HHdH^d 333, 20. HM377 333, 
21 .3l3Vfh3 333, 22. H333T3vffa3 333, 23. sjd - 
sfd^ 333, 24. dMlsi ' 333, 25. flJdlrt 1 333, 
26 . ?Wt 333, 27 . HiHW 333, 28 . MPdl*! 333, 
29 . H 1 Pd) ol f%tT 333, 30 . sfd<^ , 3 1 . HU 1- ddd, 

32. 35T3P 333, 33. f33 T H3l' 333, 34. 'OdHd' §3^ 
333, 35. d^ttdM H 'd 333, 36. P'^H'^H 'd ddd , 
37. ddd H33, 38. H d 1 € d c< 1 dl 333, 39. ?333CT 
333, 40. 3377T 333, 41. d^feTTp 333, 42. flf»"3 r 
333, 43. fdH o( dl 333, 44. d3T d'HH^dl 333, 
45. 5id 'H3 H<?ddd ddd , 46. dl^ 'o(H ddd, 

47. 3HJ3? 333, 48. dffdy H377 333, 49. 
33133351^3, 50. OHVTdH^d, 51. oTHH*d3d, 52. 
^diP^rt'H 333, 53. 5-l T feM T 3H3, 54. >fe 333, 55. 
5 fyrlc(' 333, 56 . f%f3TMT7! HPdoC, 57 . fd3T Wf, 
58. o('»33, 59. 33MW75-, 60. M^fd tTMTff, 
61. dd^THW, 62. ^ddld'HTl, 63. fan CPHW M3 
64 . 3fmiH3; 1 fed 1- 3" 53 33 ^P §3 d^dlw aTgi - 3 73 
fK753 377 fdt HdHMyc(d, HcT3, 5FH33T, fi33 
M^TH, O^PlT, dttdlH, ^IddO^lff, fdd^-fd, 5313, 

idofHsS 'H3, 33H33CT3 o( 1 P«o( 1 c<M 5T35U3, dd 1 
H3p, fe3T3, 57333, 573333, 573543, 57333p, 3331 
5733353 575' U53F, 5'PWH6, fHUH' l 3H5d, MpdlcSl 
f3353, 53^ ftieci, 5335335, 5f3177p 3377 5377, 
ibdHJ-fP 523335 , H T 3 T 335, dtlddli , Hdddd, dd : 
Hdt, 33533, H33T, 51553733 H3lf3, dWdPu 
H333331, ydfdHdd^d, rtdHMpSdiM' 
f^y3 T 335, P<^H3UdH33, 51333^3, 5335333 

537)3733, yT3, U3pU, 33Tfe>133p, 353H53P 

U'PdH'd, OMdlH'd, 5313377, PdMM'd, M r 3TH SpfUoT 
3 T 533533p, 333 3^ H3P, H33Tfl5>l, 5TP 5>f) fWd 
H33, 3T3Hf5Kf3H77 5133 H53 T 577p, 335 5H3p, 3H7 
5H3P, >133 333 IOT, 3335377 dPt^T, H'dtl'Pdtfcd 
f3?53(3335,5T551K3tl, cTTTU^K, f^TM^^lW 
OdHtldi dPdcC', MWVOT, 335F33T3, 5T r 3H3Tf3 
^ICTlllTTp, 333333, 5H3pfira3, 33333533 
5H3 r H l ddHM, 333 3377, 333WP d'd'P^tt'H 

f5H5>335 T , 543533, 333533 M3 337>'5?7P I f3?7 d 
53 Hd'PHU 5335T53 f53 Phu 1H53, 17733T 3B3 
35333TK, Poy U 333, d'U 1 333, 5333 ddd 
5335373333, Mddf&dO-TSt, 5377P fert'H M3 53F3P? 
333 W §3331 




' fuuurd dd^ §■ S3 - ^ uupf)"w d ■ firs, up 
- ip? U77 ftT^ 1 >»' •<d '<JH ' d U«aA‘; ’Jl'xl'dH'd #HU, 
»(UFH 0 ftp 1 , HFUIHFPU, Wit 71- ^fiKXf, SpH. fUW77 
HUT ddd , UUH fdldfTT ddd, HUHIT ddd , frJd'Hcil 
dd8, dUfe oT5W, did! 1 3£UU, dlTccQ ddd 

^H^fTTR-, UTfUWfT 333, UtW 
fUPH'cVrtt ddfdiel , fUPHHT d Mddd , 
. jUPTf^ Heifer* ft, tfecT UU77 ^tflra^^UtrtUUT, 
$. §W|- feUFUUTT ddU, f*d^||ddd, HUF 

'■•ffed<*'<£ ddU, HUH fed^'i ddU, ^U^-ddU, 
■^dF-dd-ddU, fcuiHdmpH, fcUTHdd^H'U, 
f*idd ddU, fufeTT ddcT, lite fed<£H, UiH UUU" 
f^f5T, UUHUUF'UHSFT, HcTdt HU1H ddU, JTdJH^dt 
ddU, fF? FfadU, Ft dd^T iftfiTt, Hd^dW, FUFF- 
d^UWd 1 , felld'H'd ^dci dd^ , <*d<£ U'd 

ddd , dliH fdd'HdH , H<i1 ddd , idfdlHt fddtlMdl fllcC , 
CFHff fefdHFfecT I 

'S'd'dl ddd fWu ddd' d ?F Hfd Ot^ 1 dt H Mc< 

HlW feH . 3 ^ fedt t$ 





:*73U'3 1 '?F 


Hrtd HftPH 1 " 


1. 


HoTdcT 


6050 


2. 


, w 


16025 


3. 


UUF (1) 


12300 


4. . 


UU3 (2) 


80270 


5. 


WF (3) 


5310 


0. 


oTfUT? - 


6080 


7. 


Mdl 


13311 


8. 


5T55V . 


5090 


9. 


FfUiT?? 


80120 


10. 


>HfH3Htit 


5005 ■ 


11. 


^Id'UTH 


6606 


12. 


fHUH^dd;' 


5006 


13, 




23533 


14. 


fH^HU 


11007 


15. 


d'ddliFHU 


11503 


16. 


. H'dH^d" 


9905 


17. 


HUHsi 'HU 


7105 


18. 


UT t W?'3 T HU 


60060 


19. 


HffeWH?? 


35300 


20. 


yOKM 


22100. 


21. 


fer^XFHS’ 


24020 


22. 


UF CFHW 


6465 



23. 


UlUHld'HW 


10323 


24. 


WfedCT CTHTT 


12000 


25. 


stevuw 


5000 


26. 


^HdH^d 


25 


27. 


fvpydH dUU 


13220 


28. 


Mdl'dci-^ 


8307 


29. 


H T feM T ddU 


11000 


30. 


dHH^HUdl’ 


5550 


31. 


ofTwoC 


1101 


32. 


cTHH^utHdU 

/ 


3000 


33.. 


• ddUUHT 


9091 


34. 


UUUTUtddU(l) 


22020 


35. 


OddldTddd (2) 


L2000 


36. 


3dU fftUUCT 


428 | 


37. 


. dPHd 1 ddU{l) 


L^07 


i 38. 


. SfpHcT ddd (2) 


Mo 


39. 


yfdcC ddU (3) 


3000 


40. 


oOdM'M*! HdU 


24200 '■ 


41. 


OjdMfdld' ddU 


8800 


42. 


Hd'WdHHtddU 


5505 


43. 


ddU 


1200.0 


44. 


feyd'di-^ 


8806 


45. 


HdH^dl ddd 


2205 


46. 


HFUUFdd U(l) 


22532 


47. 


>>Feiir ddu ( 2 ) 


6303 


48. 


^'d'dl dHU 


6303 


49. 


dl^'dH d^U 


6515 


50. 


(S'd'ldi) ddU 


5025)3 ? - 


51. 


H^dtddUd) 


4490 


52. 


Hd 1 ?^ ddU (2) 


3000 


53.. 


Hd 1 ?^ ddU (3) 


330 



^'Fdl ddu feu fefw u fur fe 7 d 1 su tut 

>Hd ct1>feor5( Wfe §HddU UcT I HHdlV M'dlHdlttd, 
f^TUT, Hdd , ddHFUdt, !~H H d , orfUF, <Vdt!, dldU, 
075^, dniUTU, fm Hffe HTftHF ?7 HUd JFU 
ddd UU H77, Qt^ 1 dt fdlctdl rtdl U Refer I ftHH d^ 1 

fuf>>F u ddu fifedd u?r i tufar 3 ddu ^ §Hd^ 

HF 3^ T U T sfdfed U77 I mtW U ddU ? \ HHfcjTd UFft 
fed UU UTF U77 I tut ddU 7 feu US' fed tftf ddU U77: 
1. W HUfeUT, 2. UUHW Pfe 7 , 3. fUdt s>TH, 
4 , HHOdds) 1 ^ ,5 . O^dtH , 6 . HIT cO-TO", 7 . Hdd ddd tF 




258 



33T H T ftJ3‘ 

HydofM, 8. 33F H 7 ddU, 9. HFfeF, 

10. cffctol THd, 11. Hdd Wfe, 12. ffjfHd HVFfe, 
13. ufe Hvrfe, mfftf Hirfe, 15 . hw wfe, 
16. fijrcr HHTfe, 17. fedfedd, 18. f^rcr hw, 
19. ^rcrcrwueH, 20. %ur3dd; 21. mfsiu'ddd, 

22. fj( M 1 HH’d^d , 23. H '0 rtH 1 rt 1 , 24. H ' U6 HHFd , 
25. FTUd HHTfe, 26. HHJd 3333, 27. TFUd llPdcfH', 
28. H'U6o(rt0ttd' , 29. dd^ fdl'H'd, 30. felPfd 
ftfet, 31. 3RF frrdt, 32. ^dHTd, 33. c5 'dl'd-H* , 
34. dHTUtd, 35. lild'^d'd, 36. ol'fidtd 33F, H 7 
FddHd, 37. sIHFfeiH, 38. <FH3H3 _ <?, 39. HFtfd, 
40 dd 7 , 41. ^HdU'd, 42. feHdUF 7 , 

43. Hdfedf<£o(', 44. dttcfyP^HM, 45. HH^d, 
46. HFHcfPttof, 47. dddtt', 48. fdd^, 49. Sdd 
defer, 50. yfdicsT, 51. <3far*T Hdd 52. Cjfdi*! fro - , 
53. Mdl'dd litd, 54. Q"dl¥ T H3’, 55. ^HUdl HHJd, 
56. 57. si'cl'did, 58. feUFHd, 59. WdF, 

60. HHpdldt , 61. add HHtjH , 62. P<j( M'dHd , 
63. UTTdfte, 64. M3d, 65. dUHHdltfd , 
66. MHdcSdfed 1 dmHditfd, 67. HJddlFddHf 
Hditfd, 68. H'M'H'W, 69. feWddlH, 70. ^Hdfdttd, 
71 . fdHU^SMdl'yd >H3 72. Hd'oCtt 33F 1 

fefj 7 d |fe ffepH 7 d 'd'dfdof of^d dt Hf 7 

dufet tufer fed ^ >nw udfet HHTfe Fdi ttit 

•\ 

33H 7 fed HF3 HrfeM 7 d dtd >X3 f3H3 dfef 7 Hffetf 7 
fed 0F5U 7 ffW few FI 

fed Hd f<5Hd iTO efF cSdT fold 1 H 7 Heft! 1 fe 
33F 7 dt 0UH Hd d efet I UJdtd Fife fed fefe Hd 
efet Held <5d1 fH«d I fen fed ofel Hd * dl fe H0d 
Hd HUt ddd fdiJdl sf'H'. fed (WT d fePH'dWl Hdt 
st. d fedfe 0 «.y 9 ftf Fdi fen ffet fen fww 

cfld' H'tf 1 F fe Sul ddd rtdisfdl HdWl Hdt Hof 3d 
3fe Fdfel Wf UF33 fedd PfdHd HUt 33F fef 
ddd' dt dill dint 3d FTF Hd I fen ffet fed fed 1 H 7 
Hofd 7 F fe fed ddd Qli d dt UPOfi 1 d FtSHT I ddd 
d'H fed feftfdF F fe did , ofFd ^Hd ofHHtF Uj d 1 d 
ffof feHd-dofd Fd W Wft Fid dff d Ft WTd 
doTd W ddfeoF # ddH-FHt Hd Hofd F^ I HFFd 
fed fdH dfr JFofdoF dt U0 r *3 r F, §F ftfet FF fed 
?t deft I ftTH HH" yu F3H dt OF d 1 tfdH F ddl 5-ft, OH 
HVT 3fe feif fed d'dfFdf F3H W Udd 3fe»F Ht I §H 
H>f > 8dof ddd dt 3d7F M H?ft TFdt F UF Hd 
d3F f"d Udtd ?fet Fd I 5fet U)fe d3F Vdf^t Hdt 
d H31F 3d FTH Hd I 

dFdt UFirar > KdH T F FF U3H d T mid 1- ddofd r 
F3H Fid F feRJ^ §H d31 d doF d rtfed dt >HFTdfet 
ofFdF FI dW'dd'? dFF fed fefw F fe Hfeydl d 1- 
U3H 3TH Hdt F I Hdt ?d d dfed Fd, 3d d 7 UdH 3TH 



Hfedt F, ddFJF d UFH 3TH 0d '<i Fd > Hd c( fey dl f 
FFH dty ddd Fd I ftT?j T ?5cF d 1 " feHFFT ddd' fed i 
00 fed Hdd Fd fe dfedFT o<^ >Hd WTFH d 1 " Mdl F 
feH fed tfdoT Ud^dt d 5fFHoftd ^ ^ffWH Hdd ?fe 
fe§fer ?F d - Wf d HdF fed UFfe" deT dfet Hd Fft 
Ffet ^ >Hd ?F Ft »TOfdd HHHT d 7 ’ ^'d'^dF feH t 
>Mddd F I fen ddt fen GTF1 fed dfed-HdFH dt ftfe 
ffet Wfet dd 3 ddd Ft HdFT yiFTdfet d Hofd Fd 
fefyr d ^Udfe d Sm^d TTO Heffet >H3 fFrfd dd F 
UHfd Fd Fd I tTdH d T 3d feH d ?t ddd dt HFd f5c 
d fV'H 1 " (SOt FfW" few dfe" 00 dsJ'fi Ft fc(0 d 
Fd I HF 1 " tdFd^ 33F fed feftw F; “fdFd 1 ?ffe 
tHd d 1 " oTF> fed dsFd rF ddd d ofd FFH fed Hfetedi 
dFd 3 1 fed HHF d fedoFF ofFd r F fe 00 dtd F, 
d 1 " U3d dFF F%3F I H'd d UF 1 " dfe" tffe, feliF 3 1 W c 
^ffeofdH ?ftd dfet 3of, cf iH> 1 d r d Fifed ofFd d HHFI 
Fd 1 ” feHHFfer wf mm dtfefer m HofdfeF Fd i 
333 3+ fed 3cf effed Fd fe feH33t 31F d few fePH 
H3F fefe UF'dHdfe Fd 1- F fefefe fedSTdt fHF 3F f 
FFTd-fe dr FfefdCr F I UFW »fdH T F fed fe fd W dfe 
feP^Td d HF3d Idd 1- few F, §d 33F HFJd 
0fe ?FF Hd fdd Fd I ^Hfedfet (HHJd) dt dFT3 
JHdHd HFITd M Ffet F I Hdfd ddd UtF d - F fdT 
>HdHd UU, dfe 5ffe td 3ffe 3^ d §1133 Fd, feH ^ 
> H3T HU F Phh > HdH T F ftfet feut > HdH T F H3F d 1 " HH 
dtd 7 fed 7 F; feH 3 1 >HFTdt >HdHH 1 ' ftp^fd dt F »fe 
WtFfedHWHHITdFIdfePdcf dfefyo HH ‘d 0<S' F 
H3 F fed 7 FF WFI feH^HF 33F fed fefeW F 
“H T dd HdH s^FFT 7 Hdt tTt5H cfet I dd3 ?t fed dt fefe 
ffUd Fd-.-dFUlt KU ' fefe l-Pdd HdH HF3 F 
ffeH F I FF fefH ¥t HdH fed i-ffe Hd d 7 feTHf 7 dU 7 Uc 
deft ^F Hofd 7 I Hdld HdH Hofdt HFFT fed feef U^d 
F I “33F 7 >HdH T F dfeWH dt W3t dd FIf d 7 trF7 
efFd 7 F I fefed" 333 fed fdftW F: “FJF d U5FF ^ 
Fd _ fed dt PtRH 7 did Hf3 dH 7 Ph P tPH 7 djd I dtfePH 7 FTf 
3 1 H3F dt UHJdt ^t F >H3 fetlW F1F d Hfet dfef 
fefeWd 7 d 7 feTHFd fedd 7 F ftfe HHfet, ftwd, UFH 
of^d, UFHdFd PfedoTI fe^ 7 dF 7 fdd HFdT 3 
dtftw 31F F fHH d feHF d^d 7 d 7 H3F UHJd Fd 7 F f 
Pdfedl 33FHfdHd3 7 “UfFt,fHHdH0fe'd ^toffd^ 
Fd, 3IF F I FF 31F ddt” I §F Ft Hd 7 , H'cfdcd 
tH?^ 7 , 3TdU3t»F, HFfe, ddF-UH 7 >H3 HF 7 H^ 7 d 
FIF F I ddd 0F Ft H3F H'd 7 F I ... fdFHdF HdU d 
3133d ffet Fd 7 . ... ffe 0F Uf VFdd 31F fed U31F Fd 
F, feH ffet VTdd 3JF dt HF 7 d3 7 d HF H'Hdd Hffe 
Fd I” feH^H'F 33F fed feftw F : “fWd d 7 PPUR 
did 0t Hdd UH 7 d T Hf r U 7 F djd d FFd dHd Fd, Hdt 
d 7 PfTFF 30 d 7 HHd F >H3 fefdt d 7 WJF 31F d 
HUfeH F I” 




259 



ddHU 



•Odd i-H dl dP H'U6' dP Hffehfrd 06 Mdl d hid 
faTdfeddfefhf 7 dpHfed T U 7 d'OTHOTfthfffeH 7 H 
did 1 ti'd 1 3" I fed 6'rfl'H 7 fdlctdl fetl UtPd' dP 06" 
Ud Pd6 6 'rilhf 7 fed 7 , fUdTOT hid HUH?) 7 lKj'6 
OTdfhi 7 HfePhf 7 dfeffhi 7 OcT 1 Hdfd fed if dfed dfe dfe 

u?r - ywu'd, h^Pohot*, nfeud, htOTd, f%Hfcr 
hid hfdTr 7 I fedfe hid djd 7 d fetdfe ydd*] HddP 
ffeddH 7 ?! O’ I UOTOTH d hrfehFH OTd feiTdfef iddTfe 
WfW dfef dfef §Ud d^dP t>Htt dfed* - fe fei^df 

dfeP di hf fe §uoot dcfd Honor'd dfed or fafe 
UdH-PH^ d did 'd dd 06 I 

o^'ri 1 UHdod : Tantres : Their Philosophy and 
Occutt. Secrets by D.N. Bose; cTrtdd 1 ; Studies in the 
Tantres and the Veda by M.P. Pandit. HtTEFH , 1964 ; 
The Tantres-study on the Religion and Literature by 
Chintaharan, Calcutta, 1963 Tantres in Bengal by Dr. 
S.C. Banarj, Calcutta; fodd^ %d OnfdHT did, cPHp, 
1938 

dtfe'd : y?d |U fed §F Ufefe 

P'cid'doc' dP fHffcThf 7 fed Prgd HP Udfe fenfe 
ddHTOTd 6'tt Hdcd d 7 PHOd 1 Pl'dlHd oPd (Auguste 
Conte) fe dl fewd hi6W hffe OTJdP dfePhf 7 d 7 
ddH?OTdt (Wd dl oTfed PHU'd fed yTd HOTd §H 
ffedH d 7 d pHH6 OH 7T PdPdO'Hoi dd fed Pdl'H 7 ?)’ 
dthf 7 HdPhi 7 HTfOT fe HOT offd 7 1 

3fedP>>r nryrpd fed hot ?Hd OTJHfe 
fdUfeP fddt Herd fug" fedP ddHHdf dfe ddfdl HOT 

dP fuP dP HOTdd dP hffafeP d ffe fdihOT dPdd fed 

JOT hWd fedHT dddd ffecd hTdHW 7 fed 3JHd?T fe 

HTTgd OdP d I fed ffed hf?HOTfe fed dfe OOTdfef W 
OTfed hfdW, dddfed W hiHdd hi^OT 7 hid 
fefdihPOT d 7 dd hTdHd 7 ! ufddP hf^HU 7 fed Hfetf 
Uffedfet dthf 7 UfdOTfe fe fdH ddd d HdW d 3U 
fed OTd 7 d, dHdt hf^HU 7 fed feed 7 HdTOT 7 fed 

' a- o 

ddOT fed fdfet fedP d hffe dOT dP d 7 hfddd uf^hi 7 

«■ «dt d, dfedP hidHd 7 fed fdH fed HOT rddf hfe 
dPJd dP ddf d, Hdd dP HUp fed Oitt d HdH dddP d 
fd UJOHfe' £ feddd dd hfe &?£ fed HfddTd d 
HOT £ tdl HdH hid ddHd fefdPHHd £ hOTd' ddT 
fed OTP d fed 'H fed hidH&P HtHfed 1 dfdP Udf 
0<i Q<V d 7 tHdl HHHfd d dd 7 d I 

0<i P^Pdl^Td d 7 ydl d I fePOPH 7 ?! dthf 7 H'dlhf 7 

HTffe" ?P fed fed ¥0T 6'rt dHdthi 7 dd I ddP htdT 
fedd PFdP d hid ddP fes - dPo fedP di dfe £ 
fefdPHTd dfhf 7 HPd 7 ? 7 £ ^THOT ofPd 7 ! fefOThfd 
dd'yd hfe HHPdd d dTSd fefef hfe hfHfefed ifo 
dfahi 7 ! feH fed fefdThPd £ difed, dfdH, dfdd 



fefePrfd, 3H r fed, fefeThddhfe HHd OTTdd d 

fefedPl 

dfe £ ddH hfe ddH6 £ ddddT dthf 7 dfd 7 
dfPPH 7 d I 9 h 6 hPUd" fecPd £ ^tpfefed fejdHdP’ d 7 

fe fed 7 hfe Hfefed 7 d dOH dP ?ffd OdPl H^V 7 fed 
feHdf £ uftfep fe fedP hfe fed 7 fe od 
hidf H(W d 7 fPld feH dP d HfeHd dt OTOF I 

d.U— ^tTT.fh. 17:809; fe.fe.d. 5 : 307 

: fed HdHd 7 dfetWH, HlOTd 7 HdP, 
hifeOTd 7 ^ddT hid hifedUH UiHdP d 7 dfedl feH d 
hPH dd d hfeOTJ 7 dP fed 7 fed 7 d I (feHOTT HdP OT 
‘hfeW)l 

: fehPddd hiWPd fed feel df 7 d 7 
Updd d feH d Pfe dd dd - 

1. hOTdd^OT — feH d hfTFd hiOTr 
fePHcT hpfe d 7 HOT Idfehi 7 dfe fpfe 
dHdH d dHdy], ffed d OT hid dhffed 

d dfefedP hpfe I 

2. ofdddfe'Hoi - feH dfeH ddH d cidd 7 

d 7 Ud 7 HdTd 7 d%, fefe OTdP d dlsife'6 , 
?fedP fe OT^O'd 1 hid ?dtT fe 

hfedl 

3 . sf'^'dot - feH fe d 7 OT d#, fefe 
HOT fe HOWd 7 , §d fe Qd'yl, ofdd fe 
offedd 7 hffd I 

4. §6d''-d'do( — fdH fe dHp fe fed OT? 
Pdfehi 7 dfe - fe#" Hddf fe HdOd 7 , HHfoH 
feHHFdhffdl 

5. ajd^W - fdH fe feH did d 7 fdThfd 
d# ffei 1 Hd fe HOT, fed fe fed 7 , Old fe 
dli^'6 hpfdl 

d.u.-H.S'. 

3<sgy : fed fed 5^p hP d hP diy orftd ffetr 

tff d HH dfehf 7 1 M'Od d 7 dd oddd feH fe fe6>jtf 

dfedP’ ^P fed 7 fed 7 d I feH d ^ Udd did aifHd fw 
dP d ddOTT d 7 fHdFd H7T I 1684 (fe. 1741) fed fed 
fe 'fedlidH d 7 dHT hiOTOT offd 7 1 

r 

Hhffefd hTOHdftdP hidTHd 1676 fe. (19 ddd 
1733 fe.) fe dd HdH'O hiOdldd iHH 7 Hdfdd d Jfl# 
d Hdd d fe PPd HdF d 7 fed hPdHt d fe 
HdH'O fed Ud fdPH 7 1 fed ddW HP I felPdfhf 7 fe fed 
hPdfe fe OTd fe Hd ddfeP fePdP Ud H T dH r d fe fed 
dUfehd Ud'o( fephfd ofOT" fed fe ddfedd d fed fed 
fedd 7 fdd 7 ! 




260 



37jtf T U?r r H T 



few uw uwww orer wjw h3tw wwfe ffew 
m w 7 d^yid few ti3dc5'c< yrwwt twlfe w 
7vWyWW 0^77 ?fe ^ffer Wfe wt I WJW §HT n<JWd Wt 
fe WdTwf fefe few HW £ fe few twfft 7 fdPM 7 Ht t 
HfW WW 7 71 fST 37>Wy fe WW Ifetl W fe WW Wt 
Wt HWfe W 7 WWW 7 SW ?fe >HUt ?fW jft UW HOT ?W 
^ HfeW I WW §■ WW U3 7 RWl 7 ffe fef feoT uffeM 7 - 
feffey 7 >WWyit W W 7 Qn <7 si'd yyfejfgdiH'cV ?feW3 

yyfe few f) dey5d w few ffew §w Iftfe 1 Gw few 

fc< cS 1 fed fd<J' few U'd UoT r U3 7 WWNW UW ffc!H Wt 

feuwfe 1 U3T www 7 w ffe few fewfef w 7 yo«d'W Fft- 

drtHWHTT fed' fed, fecTfcT o[W WW itfd 
few WWHW UfUW 7 , 3W HU?7 tfe I =*0 I 

few fe w www 7 w fe few wf uityff tfww orat wf 
WW wfefW G few W U3W 7 §■ »WUfe ot? ffew uraeyw 
wferw fey yfw wfe»r fe i Gw ut Gfe w ‘fawuww’ 
?wfe ufe d<iU3d s/h! fViw 3 1 dtsyy §" fen w 7 ww 
ddid 1 wow, wufe, Hdo 1 , few yrfe few orww 
wt uww 7 fefe >efort ‘ywrfefe wfe fe fe? fenw 7 

•v »\ 

wyTowfew 7 ! 

3smr few trw 7 Hwu'f fwy fe >>f3 Gw§ ufe 
ufew fe fo ffew ^ fe?fe ww fe wf w?wfe feyy w 

3TJ yffew few fe ofWK 3 3WT Wfu- 1 7 WW 7 WWfeH 7 fe?7 
yy 3fe wuww 3 wf^f sry ww ww i few feww few few 
H7F?7 Gwr few unuw 7 few 7 U'Qe 1 feor yfefey ^yfew 
wwww 7 fe i feww srsfe wfe sryfe fewfefe wfe yjj 
n'fdn wt h^ 1- few dfei'H 1 ’ i few yfe yfe 3W 
»fwwfe3 w yfe few w yww wy-wy wfetyfew few 

s •> 

fi-TWW d(S I 

fe 1 fetd-d/ Trfet feo( ww yfe w wt fen st ywTT 1 " 

Hfcsyf few wi 

wy.-fet yf? yifew feu fe $ bww - fww 
ffmr uwhi 

HcWfer?) 7 ^ : few fe yiy fefew feur frftiyy 

sf 'dl <7W 7WW tft W UH77 0 cid ^Jlrtn 'd yttfeW 0 fedf 

few u>ft fey w % w i few few yyfe w feww 
wypr w ffefe §■ fey cyw yfwwfe ycryw fe feyt w 
fe^fe fe ttwww fefe Hfeyr few wi Mfewt 
fefeww 7 o(d<i wwy w 3 6 ti 1 dl fe 7 fed 1 few w yr3 Gn 
w qyw ww few few w I 

w.u.-k.w * ■-* 

dcSd'cSlfe 1- : few yfefe yfidlfe w yyfe few 3 
w T fe»f r fesr fer w few fe wyyrfe 3? 3 wgyw yiwwwr 

dc*>y ftld-F W 3d 3 7T r fe 7 H T few W I few WWW yy W 
feoTWK fefW wfw3 WI few fer w Gfew 
dferfer yfe gwrw; usw ^ yfew, yyfe, fenw »fe 



wfeyr; feyw vrafewr yfe wwfet »f 3 yyy ^ few 

Hdfe'yid wi few w §fe ywd.ytf 945, 050 w.fer.wt. 

(364,886 w.wfe") >H3 nTOfet 25,086,000 (1991) WI 

WfeW few fe 3 W 5 t W I 
f-M 1 f§( fel ffefep>f?r 

WTTfefeyr w www fefe yy 3 W 3 wfe 1 uww 
»fe hww ww w few fe few fe wd'dw fe fw - yy 
wyF- 3 U 3 yfe wfe; fefe yyfe uww >H 3 gwfe 
yyyfe Gw wit ffew fefey w wcw wi few fe yy 
ffe fe wywy W 3 fe fe yfew - Gwfet 900 fe. (3,000 
fw) w 1 Grr w 1- wfe few ww ww uyyfe 3 wsfet ftw 
w uy few yfww srfe Iwfer ud'dfe wnfe wfetyf 
fefe>fe uw 1 wferw yfe Ofe w^, fe yy Gy 3 wwf 
wwwfe ww, w ud'dfe »se few w cww wyfe feywyfe 
ywy ffew wt W 77 1 




yf.ddty 1 fe ww fe Gfe wfe Hfew fe™fe 
Gfe ufew yy ffewr? 

ww w Gfefe wwwfe yww few >nwfeyw wwfetw 

fe WW fe Gfe wfe feWHWTFy (5,895 fe.) WI fe 

wfew wywfe 3 cfet ufww fefe ww 1 uwh fey 

*s 

ww3wyy?7 few rfew wi ygvr ?w fe feww fe §rf 

WW fe ffet few, feWFfeyW W. 1,433 fe. ( 4,700 fw)t 

fawfe WWW ww fwwfww fe ffer fwiw W I ww w Gfe 
few feww fe fefe ?wt few feyyfeyr w fe 69 / 1 5: 
W.fe.fe. ( 26,828 W. KtW) few Iwt Ufe W >H 3 79 2 
fe, |TUjt W I feWHcSTTW w usw few few W 1 " fefe fee 
f^pnfetw tTWwyfe >few wfefeG w 1 

www w few fewer wfew-wtw, erwr ww wi 

37vhT r 7fe>f T few fe fWWWW 3W I WWiTfetM 1 " W 7 WyTWW 

30% fwir wfetfe fe wwwfe »ratw 3 feww 6 % few 
wfefetyTWi 

fwwt - wwwfefer few wwfe wt nwwt ww-w? 
wxwr Gw wt wfe fetwt >*{3 wfet fe^yw 7 fe fe 
wfe fefe wfe feww wt fwfe ufe wfe wi few 1 
feyTW few fw ywi wt wwwyyt fwwt ^hw wjwst ftfe 
fe fewwt w w Tfefew, Gw ywfe ffew ufet wfe w 1 




261 



tTW'-¥si! T 0 — d 6 d 1 cSl l H r f?3 3Hot <5lW, oFdl 
¥13 33tkt ?F 3 f3?F 3f0¥3?r 3 33 33 ¥0 feO ?t 
33 fey OHO 1- ^dld ?rt Hd'dl tifd'H 7 3dd WO 33 I 
dcSd'cSlPF' O'" 33 3 kk 1 ' 3"f3¥f r ot 3f33 g^ltil fore 
3¥Ot f03 IfeO O', 3 1,56,160 ? .fk.Ht ¥30 f?3 
off ttof 1 " oftw O’ I 

3W¥OT - dAd'Al¥F w ¥F3 HW-HOt 330- 

ok as 

ykt fkHH w o' yo kk-kk 3 T ? t 3 nkoot 33fo 3 

§oof ¥i3 hhoo t sot 3 fono 750 ¥i30 ykoyr 
- — ~ *• 

H'd 1 O' pHst fk fed 3 d<?ddl ¥dd tF SOHO 
26.6° 3. (80° OF >83" ¥133 HOW 1,000 3 
1 ,900 fk.Ht. 3? Otll 3 1 f03 ¥dd fed dH¥d 3 H'dd 
3¥ §33-¥33 fOO 1 " 1?3 Ff? HHt 3 1 371 3oT 3k3- 
USK feSF fed - 37533 d??' 3W3f¥F 031 ¥33f 
¥30 3 0133 3 ¥3? O §3T ^OlF 500 3 1 750 fk.Ht. 
3k 03t O’ I feH ¥30 fko ¥13 ¥FH WOT3t O'! Otw 

feoiddlyf ¥30 ffeo W33 ¥0¥ T 750 3 2500 fk.Ht. 

33” Otft O’ I 

HAHUOt ¥13 i-ffe~dd — lldkl ¥l .d did' 3 00 

as = 

¥30 ?0T 37T3 T ?ft¥t T , MOT 303" fe3 3 T d'dl'cSlct' 
¥30 kt fek 3t |3303 otdddl 3753¥3t ¥13 ¥f- 
¥kt¥F WSt H303 S'! 3H753 UW ¥13 OFjktPF 




Ikd 'ddl'd' 3 33 3 1 " 23,552 ? .fk.Ht. ¥dd dfedf 



Ofe¥F 01 33 3 §30 kfekt f03 fe3 14,592 fk.Ht. 
(5,700 ?.Ht.) f?3 tfo¥F UO? 

3033T0t O I fOO FTOOfcT 1 3t ddiwl d'ft^d' 3t 33 3 
kktdkoi fek 030" 3t f0I33t ffe3 cfst f5T33 3 
ftj03, OOf, 30, 3t3, 330, ftOO, 00, ff (?3 
FPcfO 3 ¥‘d' f30T), dl ss , 33 ¥13 00 o< fcfl fenH 3 
¥30733 d'7?d ¥0 tOS 03 I dcSd' l 7ft»f r Hdot'd 3 
¥3, UkfeF 3t 3330 33t d'HddT ITOk - Ff3 OIT 3t 
fe? H3t feH f33 U330t 33^ OOt O I 

fek ddlrtl d'ft'Sd' 3t H'eoCdl H¥u1 fed o('Md 
3t O f33 f%3 fWO-lFW >H3 ¥f-Uet¥T 3 fd^'ddl 
>H3 ufmrwsr 3 fowot f33t ikotoi 



ddd'dl^T 

fok 3t dw-^'y ^ ¥30*" ffeo orot 

fk33 3 30¥3 03 03 I ftfe FoS 3 dd^ddl ¥30 fed 
HOT? >H3 ¥30 fP3t 3 0¥ ; k30t UWOt ¥30 f?3 
kfe>}rwt>>r okkjf >H3 tw >33 fkwHTrrro 030 
1?3 3fW¥TTt fk3H 3t H33U3t ITOt TOttf 01 

fefe'O'H 

dAd l 6>H T 3 ryfdO'H W kt3t ¥3 3 O 7 ^ 

HVO Ot OfOW 01 O 1 ^ ?t f03 3 fofeOOT f?3 5f^t 
FffkO Hk W 03 fRTf W 30t d'dd'dl UOT3 TTOt 

o okt i feo 3t feo uo 1- wo^ o fk ufowt kf .¥. ffeo 

fokutFT 3 ¥03 crkotwr 33W 703 Hdfed ¥3 cfok 
3¥3t snroto W5T §30t dAd'cSlOF f?3 ¥F k 331 
fe3 3 ¥f03t 33t gt . f?3 U?Ht >H30tor 3 30 

sCH 1 3W3 ^ '« ¥f3 WO 3t 303 of03 33 «o( fok 
¥033 00 1 Ufowt 33t 3 ¥?3 35T fek 3 WcT 3 ¥103, 
U03t ¥TOOtoT3 30 ¥13 3^03 O03 OT 3¥ T 05T H3¥ 
33 T f¥3 OO 331 30 3 33 753 3 3¥W k30 H¥ 
30 3 ¥103t 3H3t¥0- 33 1 1 53t 33t f33 y0300Wt¥r 
3 fek ¥0§3 73 ¥W 3t 3f33t 33 UTO OTOt ¥0 
U03007k¥T 3 fek 3 ¥130^03t fofk¥F ffeo 33 3t 
kfko 750t ktkt 33 fk 18?f 33t f?3 OTWOT 3t 03 
1?3 ¥103 ?-POt OfW WtWTO 3oT ¥03 OTO I 33 1825 
3oT ¥103 ^OOtfOOO otd'fdrtl ^TOOoT OFF 3 03 OO 
f3¥0H^dl dot ¥03 OIO ftT3 OTWOF 3 753" 753 d'tfl 
33 ?t fe? f¥3 Ht I 33 1840 33 fof 3 otw 
OWTTtoT 3k ¥0¥3 ?¥ T 0? ¥30 Hd 1 fU3 ¥0 WO 33 I 
f03 33 3033 fHOWOt ?t lot ¥00 ¥13 fkWHTTW 
¥03 ¥0¥ f03 ¥30 f?3 f3W33¥t WO WOtl 33 
1855 f?3 3033 HHdl-^'dl fe3 ¥30 f?3 333 O 
OTO ¥13 1907 Ot.3kfo73 T fetyO r ¥33 T OfOT¥r'l 
¥fOW 330 ytr §03 ¥13 f03 3 3013 f?3 ?t fOO 
333 (SW Hd'cTO ¥1¥t3 ¥T fk¥f I 33 330 3 

3 r ¥13 ?t fOO 003 T 3t¥f r ¥fkt3 ot fOO 1 " ¥0 f03 33f03 
3 HM¥d OOOO 3W W fO¥ f3¥F3-¥30 OO 1 " fkk 1- 
fOPO 3t I 33 1961 f?3 OOTOtcT M3H¥30 O fk¥r 
¥13 fe3 3 33cT3 OOOO f?3 fkw 1- fW¥F fOPOl fe3 
3 fOoT 3 r W 3 r ¥13 Ot d'dl 1 *!^ 1 fecT 313330 03 
fOT¥f ¥0 1%0 ?t fOO ‘50375033 ¥TO 3333’ f?3 ot 
3013 fOO 7 1 26 ¥1¥W, 1964 f?3 OOTOfor, ikftOO 
¥13 U3 3 ¥333 ffeo fHW3 750 333 r <5t¥F 03 ffeo 
¥ff0¥FI 33 1977 3¥ d<5d9Sl¥T 750 Hfe¥'c5 ?W 
fOoT-¥OOt OOT 3t 3 f03 f?3 ddlOO 3 ?t 
M3H¥d'dl fedl OTOt 3t I ¥103 fey 30-¥13-3W r H 
3753 T 7)t¥1 T 3t OFTOOt 5ft ¥0 1981 Ot. ^ tOOFf^ 
3t ?5?t OFTOOt 01 

nf'dfyofd 1 

yforr ¥303 - ¥f33 too ¥3 3753 '3W 3 
¥3t 303t 305ft 750t cftkt I ¥fOWi- W fek ¥0t 003 
feH fd^d ¥f3tT 330 750t 03 1 303 tt 03 Ot^' 

fed ¥S3 fk3 3?5 T ¥13 3¥3' fey 303 dtfO¥F 



TOtTOfXf 7 



262 



nt tre ni feTOOTra n cS'gntn 1968 et. n on ?t 
ofet oftH3t OTO 7 ft OWW fFTO TO 1 TO 1990 fen FTO 
TO fen nfet 3,962 fenF. Xfct HcO n 7 

72 fn.dF. Fit I feFf 3" feTO? 7 XfOW, cfWEt W 

FftoFm xrfn trferr nt uro-unfet ?t ntfet g 7 gut 1 1 

fen TO 7 ufetxr fern n 7 O' I 

ifertg'nt — TOgrofer nt wofenn 7 yn no n 
untarat n xramn fei nfe fen unt grant goft ot 
got fe o unt wffer gFftn =#t non ufe o fen ^ eft nt 
cftr xfwo n 7 xfn or faxTO 7 fefRT- y^j- 3 1 gt ynro 
gn 7 o xra to n hot fen »w 80 % fen uno 

fen WOT TO TO I UOTt, 30, Ffnfeot XfO XH'^'H'Xt n 
fi'UcS'' nt w non udln^l non' few not o noti 
ow, oot, nura, h'xIhw, erg, nw xra im fen 
gtxr * of til .<sh<3' to o fen 1 to ngtxF gfeloF to 1 
norntfeug ont ddlyoronOTyn notfifeife 3 1 
from gw tgtxF ftot mofer on od'feJl few 7 
fen w, hh xra aiwOfelxf 7 xrfn nw to un go 
ngora ww o row, no, Hot, gmn, gran 7 , grow xra 
naom xrfn xrorff nno 7 nt nw fen ago - go ton 7 
tf fan 7 o un fen mt nwfetxr fen xfo nt got 
nfetn HHferxr n i 

to 1991 fen to m fen nfetro n 7 feonno 

40.000 Fft. TO, mtfexf 7 OT 190,000 Fft. TO, OTO OT 

1.420.000 Fft. TO, Heft W 2,332,00 Fft TO, nOOTFf 
0 7 480,000 Fft. TO Xffe OO O 7 1, 806,596 Fft. TO 
TO I 

fenwr-fenofoTg uno S 1 own nt no xfwn 
o 7 ofenr xfefe ton 7 nt nw gn 7 ni ferCigi ferxOT 
srafe fen n gniro unw nt ufefnai tto nt Ffeun 
to un ntfnxfe nt ufefem ot nn nn orfet on nn ujfn 

•v — 

fnpx 1- ni ferr n g^xm crun 7- , gfem uonKtxfK, 

OFfrfenn unw, fenron, niOT, front FfFit?r, Fftfefn, 




nn— : yfn-FOTK gfen w fesr fen 

tm fePFpn ofdrt 1 fen n on nn Qn^di to i Fran, §n, 
gwn, nfen >xn cron 7- >x r fn on nfer ?t feg fnxra 
offnfer ti'nl'Ff 7 ’ on i nn-xfrr-FffFFf , nor 1 ", xtof, FfFit 
xfn Fmfer fen n yn Q^fdiof nnn to i 



xr^nrfet n ftto - to 1977 n toitoIx 
FTOom n xrantxf 7 " gnoora 7 ", nro x-m Ffenot 
onfef ife 7 ^ n fenra n nfet to unfn>>r ni fe 
to fen n hhotI' §nnoT fen ?t ^nr nfenr n 1 n 
1989 n ’xsrfexf 7 ' xirom TOtrolxr fen 82,11 
fer.Fft. ngfnr toot toi to 1990 fen feg 3,56 
fer.Fft. nFffer to nfetm to i to 1992 fen nn fe 

19 O^fetWTOI 

mm — TOnrolw n 7- nw fen ynt nr 
nonm nt fenrarot fen ni fen uro utn n 7 Hnn? 
gron xffe FfFfefet wfe aw Hoirnnt nfet n »r 
fen nor, arw, nura, nfetro, orn, w, nnn 7 , it 
>xn njHnOnlxf 7 nrfe g^jg- f^ffer TFefer to u 
to nt now fen nt goran tto 1 nofet 1 
TOtrofer n mron ngg gnn non noFfn 
ntnonnff, giro, front w feoo onr xf^ ni 
?ro to un fen grot nnn 7 nt non um n 1 

RoT 

dcSd'cslxf 7 nt hotoot 21 non xrafet ffe 
ggnt femnt g? ww tow nro tn xfnotnro nt n ' 
nn no n feoro to 1 fuiro Ffi-T fen fen noraor 12 
ngtfsxf fen t# on to 1 fen n nro->xnotnt no 
fen xragt, roont, nfronrot w noiit nn fto 
toi TOgfetxr nt xrafet w nowoT w fetr 1 
hto n ufe fno' n nor n 7 n w xraOTt n 7 95 % fnr 




no-xfg frto nt Frgfgn ^ gnm 
fegran no^ - o^ - hhtoto 




263 



fifer fez ZHZr ZI Hfez'fed* ? W3 1 dcSd'SlMr 
Mzztor fez zz 3" usIzmt zfeMT zz z i few z zz3 

«o( ZZ 3W Z«t! Z?7 I dd^ddl Zdd fed Mdzt d'W 
ftlM'd' ZZt H'tfl ZI HZtMfet KZ fefM't) 1 c(dc( 
d_Wd r dt, fezt M3 UHfet Z^Z ZKZ Z?T I 

UHK-fd'S'H — cJrttH'rtl'H 1 ' fez c<zl oftflrt TO" 
3- fy zrfzMr 3 zz>r fe^z, ww M3 dfezt-zfazt 
Mrfz ¥U Ife Z?7 1 ZZ fez SratS W WIZt 7ZZ M3 
SZdTtZZlfeZZTZ^'fdrtl H'fod ?t oTfet Uj I rt d ZI 

uzz - tpzHsr uu zr yz^r uzzor zzrfezz 
feZ feZ^TT ZU^ ^ ftoZ zt fzIZTdt ZZ UfZZt W 
ddl ZI dd^ddl U3d fez HZfoZ UZZ d'.dl fed 
ufzS - Zt tfew ZfeMT ZZ ZcTMZySt U3ZT fez wt 
5TZt tz fZIM 7 Z I MU 3" ^tr ScT KHTO-TcZ ZZ I ZZt 40 
U3tZ3 HoT ztzfet Z7T I 

falw - UUdfe'd HZ' 3 1 ZWStoT M3 

ZZtW Z^iZ fez Hdd'cS^I zzr zt Mw UySt 
Z^ zt 3 fez W UHU STZZ ZWT fHfy»T ZZZrS z 
MUfe ztl forzw 8 W Zt Urfezzt fzfew ZT 
htmz 4 w HcisJdl fzfuMr zti fzfuMr w zrfuMz 
H^'fZ«t ZTZHtUZ Hdddl fzfUMr MZIZZt fez fZdt 
ZfetHtlfeR^SPyZ^^fedrHdl fiffWZUfZTZZ 
HZ? BZFZ WZ HZ I HZ 1960 3cT ferfUMr fez 
fefeTMU7M3do(cSfel fefZMT^HZ^3¥Z3Ztzt 
fZ3t zfet UZ HTMZ fez UUT oTZZ 1 967 Zt. Z RTMZ 

fafaMT uySt S hcpzz szt cfet IizImt zuzIStMT 

StdtMr zrzlwi H77 1970 3oT feu Z 47% ZZ Zfe 
§ZZ fez ufoS HZ fez ZZfZ HZ I HZ 1970 Z 
fHHZZt HffZ S HZoTZt HUS' fez fHTZfeW tZPH 1- 1 

hhzhw z zz’z zt fafaMT zz gzzS ngz 
Z^ Z^ HZ I HZ 1589 fez fez 10,431 IFfe^ 
HZZ, 288 Hdddl HfZ, 63 UH^Z ZtZZ ZfZZT HZZ 
HZ 1 feH 3" fett 1 ^ 1 fezzy*fedfHd]»f'¥l'ZZI 

grTT-irair 

ZZT UHZ zzl' W, 1977 fez fez W HZfet 
HfeCFZ UHT offe 1 " fePH 7 " > >T3 fez ZH fez HZ-ZZZt 
UZZ?!' UZfZ3 Z fHH S Hdd'dl 3Z 3 HHl - , 1992 fez 
Z^ZZTt tZ3t Zfet J# I d'HZZZdt ZZT Z 1, HZt, UZZt 
Z T Z>HZ?fe M3 izr ZT HZZ3H ofHfeZ 1 1 ZWZV31' 
Zt y»'d ffet feoT HZZt'-HFZ ZZT 5- 1 fer H §U- 
ZHZZUZl' zt HHTZ ZZ ZZI fe?S ZZF ZTTZZIfZiMT 
feZ feoT dhilzd Zl” ot'diHoCdl Z 1 " HZt ZZT z 1 fez zt 
d'HZdt WHZt Z ZK" 255 HZZ ZZ fey 180 
HZZ fez M3 35 MfeZ 3Z 3 ZZ feZ Z77 1 fez Z 

fe« r ^ r 15 hzz zzrzzu# zyrzr (Zhzz zfer zz zz 

M3 25 HZ# ^Z HZZ ZZ Z3 1 

zy — fezztSfezzsSyzfezzGdrt zz 
fez fecT orfet fez^t uzt Z Z fez s z fddi' 



3?ZHfZH 

feztsztzifez uzt Z cZZT ?ZZ Z HAfddl ifetMT 

SZftMT ^fefefr g- ^IfZZ HZ 

feZZ ZT ZZT ZZT §■ 5^- ^5- zt f3ZZ ZZT 
ZTZI 

Z.U.-’>te.fe.H r . 11:548 (1985); 26: 268 

(1984); Ht. Ht.f. 1987-88:1168; >>fZ.fZ. 1993 m 

ctImz. 

drtMM.<2, Hcfeit fe^SffeZ ; fez |fe 

HdTtZSfTZ M3 feM'^'ZdC ^ Z?ZT 25 ?feHZ, 1856 S 

^fzztvftz feS fez ZfeMT| fez 10 jzz zt ferz fez 

HW blcSHd^ddl fez ffezy feZZ RZT lw M3 H31Z 
fez S lifez fefez ZZ^ZoS Ufe Zdft3-ZZ3T zt 
fewzt UH43 offetl H?7 1885 Z 1889 3oT fez HW 
ofPHTZtzfe' ZT d'fedddd ffeZI feZ 1905 fez G9 1 
MH3fer ZZfezp fwS ^d'Qz M3 HZffe ZZ?Z 
fez ZZ fZTMTI ttdl'd'd 20 ZW zt feZZ3 HZ1Z 1909 
feZ 3ZZCTZ S Mnjzt Zfet ZZ7Z z fezzr fez 
H3Zf5' offet I feZ" 5W feZ fStW §HZr ^feztMr’ 
(Oresteia) fez ztMT f^ZZ fez ZTHW Z I fez 3 1 fett'-Z 1 
fez S zfzznz M3 zifer zt ZZ?Z cffet I fez ZtMT 
fezStMT M3 ZHZ HZffe Zt Zfe ZH fez H75W ofezt 

'Hfel zi fez zt fezt zzt zz - zt yz'y zzwSt zzr zt 

Ht I feZ feoT HZHT MftjMTUcT zt UZ ft'rt Zt (Vtt yd 1 
MZ3t Ztl fez H'dl GHZ oi'S'd 1 Zt fZZ 1 " I 

19 Z77, 1915 S khtS feu fez Z 7 zzfer Z 
fZTMT I 

26: 241; >>1^. felf. 9 : 801 

dcVnfdK : feMfeZZ ZT fez UH'HZt HZJZ Z 
fzzzr fHMfeZ Z UZ ZUZ Wft Z H'fdwl fez fez 
ffez 3 1 ZUZ" 640 fe.zt. fez IfSMT ufeMT Z I 
feZ Z ffeZ feZ ySZ3 Ufet M3 ZUZ fez ^M 
TW-ZHf Z I feZ Z HHZZ3Z mSHUT ZTZTZ fez IS 
HZZfet zfer M3 urzt Z3 fZ cfet 3Z iz ZTZ fet Z7T I 
feZ HZW ZT U3ZZW 55,159 ^.fer.Ht. M3 MtUtzI- 
9,17,628 (1983) ZI fez fez HZZfe|-, Z^fZ, 
MHZZZZ, Zrffe- M3 ZZ77 fezfedTZ RTHW Z3 1 yWT7T 
fefe ZT UH'HAcfl ZZZ ZI HZ Z Zt felZ fez ZT ^ 
ZfZZ ZfeMT 5(ZZT Ht fZZZr fecTHZfHMHf Zt ?3t 
HZZZFZ zt UZ Mtfey fez fe7Z HZ3^UZ77 ?fet ZI 
feZZH'rdSl HZUTfetSMZZZZZtUd'^'d ZZt 
ZI feZ Z UZZ feZ 37ZZfeZ W UZTZ Z3 ftTZ# 

uferr zzt zzuz Z3 1 

fez UZ HZHT M3 ZfetSfe fezorz ZZI# ZT ^t 
5PZ3 fezr Z I MZrS-HZHT KZfet (1824-26 Ht.) fez 
fez U3Z Z yddZfeHT Z MZte" Z TITS' TTUZ fez ZZTZ 7 
U3HZfeMT| 

26:411; ^.fezr. 9 : 883 




264 



fff 1 forat 

a<s'oi' ftrat 1 : dfeoC foTFt feFFt FFFW >HF 
»M ffeT F 7 tTFF 22 fe>, 1863 Ft. f?F F^ f?U 
FftWI for UF I ?F FfFF ?fe fafyw ?fet >HF 1894- 
1895 Zt. f?F UtZ 7KZ >HF 1904-1905 Z\. f?F FF 

7kz ff!w ttfedlw fez Iff 7 ?t fmri ff 1918- 

1921 WT 1923-24 Zt. f?F for FF F 7 HHfe 7#, 
1920 Zt. Z HFF WT 1921 Zt. ZT UF 7 FdOT Hfe 

fowFt i 

FF 1922 f?F feUF 7 tiT F % fFF F 7 
HUdlfefe HUtw Hfe fowl FF 1925 Z feFF 
HtfcPFt d'dfedd feFFt F UfeF »ffo WTF 1927 fot. 

f?F yut f ff z fhjf iforfew i font! 1 FFfe hff 

FFfoT, 1929 Zt. ZoT fo<F ffeTF UK f?F FfefedF 
>HZ^MfzZZU7tt>HZ fzUKf^ZZZ'Q UH T dft3 T l 

kz 1927 f?F for f sfffft $ f£z FFfuF 
feF“Udd Ft UH 1 f<± d d 1 Pridd 1 dcVo( ' HHFtWF U dd 
1 tfe 7 fewfeF 7 F, HFFFyFFi feF feuy z fIf ut 
Hfed fi-ld rtdl srfWoF PcSd 'Qci Mdl d 1 U ' rtl r >V Z 
ffefeF oft 3 T i sz’w z fIf f?F fen ?M f 7 fhfff 

oftfe 7 UF §F F FfefedF UFF F 7 FU dTFF UfF^fe 
HfFFF 7 F HUT Ffe ?fet |tT F Ffet cTFF 7 Ft ffefo F 
Fife Hf*o( cJX'dd fed! d'Q-foxS F 7 ddtt oTF Pdd' 
Ffl 

29 FFFF, 1929 Zt. ffoFFoftGf f?U fen fe HZ 
tfFlfel . 

F.U.-fofo-.wT. 26 : 254 

d<V« : dM?'d F frWF §F HF ?fe IFF BFT 
FF HF FUfe F fej HH fFF 7ZZ dX>? 7 F $ FFH 7 IF ft 
UFf cVrt HFfe rtdl Md~l FF FF, dcV rt odFF FF I 

Iff f §zz zz^z Ft zz ^z iff f>w?r f Sw 

^Z FF §■ F?FW crfoF OF I fM' FFF f%F feF t 
ZZZZ few tH ' d 1 F I 

F.y.-K.f. 574 

dA'^Srt : fFF U'fbOHd 1 * F ffeF-lfeFt FFFFt 
FF F FFW fel^ F ffeF-Ugvft FF - f%F Fifed feST 
UFFFt KZZ F F feF F UFF ^Z FF 1 " FI fefe Ffow 
feF fodrtd 1 Ffew ffeF-FyF Ft IFF 1 " f%F ^FTF 7 
F I fefe F HF F^ ZZ^Z Ffet F FF F for HFT7F F 1 " 
fe fedT ofetfF Ft I feF Ftw >MFT UFWJF ^HF fUF^FF 
cfo Ftw F FFF? 1 ' F?7 I fedj 1 f¥F yTFKFF ZZ fefe 
FfoWFyFF^F r yFFlftlfel7eu^SFTffow 
3FF oTFHtF F FF^FTTF §" FtfWHFFjt ofF?tt ifet I feF 
F>f Idd-^'rt' FFW^^MFfeFFWtSF? 

d — 

MFF Z FFfetW Z FF 7 fed' I Fc7 1818 l%F feF Ft 
FF F F>HF feF F 7 ?5FcT, FF 7 tFF FTFt §Z ZZ T F 
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faerer a wr ?fet erfw 7 fee aaaff ust weaa at ay 
fee er i fee uet ww 7 ear w at eaie afae ar 
ua aret srefef fey S' er 7 fe wa e e 7 # ef ue 
fee ari etfe utf wr fey e w ef wwer e r 
aw er i 

yaar ura 7 fee aeatw 7 ef ate, eu, er# wr 
ur 7 ret urstw 7 efetw 7 ari fey e fee fe 
ueret ay*', w wr wafer e uae fer'ferw 7 
fee afe wrtw 7 feefer ar fa# far auafew ear 
eae er i utre 7 fea yea fee aere? aw ref aye af 
ufa eae fee w T fe T a fee'fe wafar »re yaffea 
ea 1- ei fea e fea yer wafar >ae wafer earn 
ydd' fee sfd ee e 7 ^ fear rrfaK eerea a i 

fear era wea >ne fey ?re amre wea 
ae ee eaf ef eae are ae i femr are# feffer, 
nraa efe >ae wafar feei wfear rre Hearaare 
fee ua urea 7 fear eye aafew fee 7 ai at# ua 
aree fee aye fdreef fee ure fee ae fat fey S' 
area 7 ary# ea e eafee ai Mr fee h# fee 
eaef wea a e aw efer furr >ae ufenr ef 
afae-aae e uee 7 a i Hfa fe eu ewe at# ua»r 
efrr exftrr ?wfe fea yea fee ufe af ufefrr 
feetrr ae i eurear yy aarew fse 7 S’ ya 7 eae ffef 
fe# afa arfef aea 7 fee fueae a fee 7 ai aye 
arefer atarefrr we uafee 7 e fefre 7 aaar aaa ef 
uaw 7 e naa irfe aei esfe we ee e fewre 



affefw 7 eae 7 ef ew-ewfet »af ayee 7 ayefw 
fee fee eyf aei fea e feae fe# ufear wa 
uwfew e arreyfe ef ufa af ae i 

a.U.-#?T.f#. 22:494 

d.<s‘<S : arear ay 7 we aare ay 
feeere# yea fee e 7 ^#^ ef eaaeae e#aee 
yeaef S’ eue-y#f ew wwe aei ifeaf wr 
aawreia fee fey £ afe#ewe ifeaf a+e aaww 
fee afefee wwe er i eue-yef yeaa aaa ef fee 
fewea weae 7 a we fea aaa fee ewer efetw 
eafw 7 aafw 7 yrarfw 7 ffry ara# eue-y#f uea 
fee aurer ^ 1 <s eua eaw 7 aef a, rr fer a i fei 
eareew e 7 feww raiaai so e soo f#.af. (so ; 
500 afr) ye 7 a i 

eue-y#f ew efe wae-refew 7 fee rarer 
5 e r # 30 ° feuore ear we-y#f Hawrera 7 fe 
waraa w T fe afae ar i fea eewr e ffee alta 7 fe 
fea rat ae aaf fea eere ef faww, wrere w 
few wyre ye ari war fee fea esreere 
efear ye ar i fea e #ee fee ue fear arrrer 
lyaeufa ftra 7 are 7 ref a i aawreia ef ay fe fe 
Or ef afef ##f feat #ee er S’ yet a iferff# w 
wreef gaf ew 7 # lyaef a fea rat eret wau-at 
fee fea ifewua ef era a# are are - uj#t efr 
aafw 7 wrare we feat wau-arr fee y# are w 
wref efw 7 yatw 7 e fra aef e i 

eeaeef e T ear r aaf#r rr arefer f 
wree ar ee aeaf iw ef era rareaT 120 f#> 
(75 afr) ufe ufe ?rr ef e# # efe 1 ew e aa fe 
fey ee aew e 7 feww #er 16 f#.af. ( 10 at 
erarear ye 7 a uae ee ew ua feua fe ye 7 
e 7 fey e 7 feww rarear so f#.af. (50 afr) e u 
rat’ ye 7 we ofef ere e 7 feww 241 f#.af. (1 




feat war #r fee eue-y# yr etw 1- 
ite+w# aaai'ef te 




269 



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fed) do( fe U3d n't! 1 3 I ad feo( g.'o'fe F ffetfFT 
805 fa.fe. (500 fed) da fe few few 31 

Uy-Ffe dUd-ufe daw F Ud3 dUd-Ufe 
d* U '<Jdrt d.6'fe cS'rt Ilf? <Jt! 1 3 Udd fey F *XHd dti 
W Hfe [Wf HH>{f dd'dl fed ffex'd 1 dfe 31 oidd 
fadfel UF fe WE >XaH3 160 fa.fe. (100 fed) yfd 
Ufer afe 3 >Xd afe ad fea 322 fa.fe. (200 fed) 
fed Ujfe fe afe HlEt 3! 

daw FuaaHfe — ufepfedauwuyfy 
fw fe wz ud-uda d aa fe 3 F aa fFfey ad 
afe fe f-H¥ <jfe uTh'jt Q“s fa fen £}f Udd f . 
©ftd few fad ddfey 3d i fen «fe aufea ufe . 
fira afed adfe a wd fey fe? aa^fe afe qafe 
ad d ddfey a?? fe f-hu air fer d adF fer 
dw fed ffend 7 ?w fen aa dfeyfed 1 

dFd few — Odld*' ufe f UdfefaF uf fe 
d.ddd dFd F TO ad ad fefe FI Fa add fad 

5#W 33 d.io '* F c( t!d F fedad 6d U<£ ' fe dldl 
feeT-FH feff U fefe a X-ld afe 'd fedad fe H'd 3" 
fefe 3 ! XffTFd F3 fe tf t| 3fed 3F 3d I fFd F 
fed fed afefe fUH d ‘fFd fe W’ WTO 3d I feH 
XfU F few Wdd 24 fa.fe. (15 fed) 3F 3 

faay fen d acr fe ufe fe 3 naF jiikFw 

dgF fea 3 fa 3fead F S'ddft FdF fed 3d arfef 
fFdt Udddf W aTO fofe fed U3d t fea~FH fefe' 
U fefe 31 

d*rQ — Hdfedd FX'd' fHFdf a3d d Ud 1 " 
dfewafa d.^'cYF fecS'd d >HF3d FdT fed d FF 
UW fe Wd'd ?3fe 3 d 1- argHdlfe FF# UJF Ffer 
3 1 dlld-yfe ^.io '&> F aF3 fed fdHd-F'8 OF ' 3 1 
qufe fed HMF3 dd d r*9dF3 F3 T ©' dfead fe W 
fed fe feH F dd fefW f3P>T 31 FOfd-yfe ddTO 
fe fedad 7 " fSH fe ¥dfe feHddfed fd3i¥ dfe aife 

Hfe afe aw fea efe fefe uife aw daro fe 33d 
fewfenaF^fei 

add Md adfe — dud-yfe 1 * f yfeFd 
sf'dl fed afefe-aife SFd 3F_ 3d fe(^' d fefe 

a3tr 3 afe gfe 3 1 dfed f aad w fed feur fed 
fe >>fafe fferfe Fvrafe fe »td fen Ifefe fed wet 
afe ad fadadTre fe ff 7 31 yfH d3 d afefe fear 
f F^rd f ffer fed aav fea fefe * J1 irfei add 
afe afe afe Oyfe F^rfe ud 1- wfdiw 3 ta ad-ad 
HFd fead 3 a dir ufeyp" fefefe fey ?5fefe ew 
dF 3d feFfew ’xana aa-a fed fe dfefe ofIof 
3d Md y 'od« dai d otff ad J daaafet aar dd 
fexfefe 3d 1 ffer ufe fe wfe 160 fa.fe. (100 
fed) fe ffer d fe fefe 3 nafe 3 1 for ad faro 
fad fer d fer yffafefe 10 ifet>fe a - nafefe 3di 



airaa-uw f yda fad ya fer fad §d 33 feraad 
fad fefe ad hf d fer aaia afe 3 ff fa F-fei 
fer fed, ife afer fe feife ydafe fe afe fefe ydH 

3 fefe 31 

dUd-yfe anjxfe >Hd HF+felF F dfe FdF ffed 

dad ddd hh 1 aair fe Kda 1- , aair Of 1, aad afe 
aF 3 fe aadd, yfwa >>fe fearad 1- xfe aafe f 
wdd fed feaaa aafe 3 1 ana fafea f uaa? afa 
fad afe fez dad' f dd 12.5 d.fe. d af ufa aair 

ufe 3 dd fa 1928 fe. fad §d Fd F dfe FdT d 
fea afe fa d d 25 jt.hT. d d a 37.5 ^\fe. da 
aw fefe >Hd >HF|fe udfef dar lad ffer d fe 
5 Faife aair afe fe 1 fegad ad wrafe f feufe dz 
fd yfe dud-UF f afe w fad afe ad ffer fed 
"fad 50 fefe. d acr aw afe 1 1 fet fw fad add 
ad ffer feza feraa'd fer wrd 25 fefe. d 37 .5 
fefe. fer aw fe HF r ad r afe 3 1 - 0 .'- 

faz dfe uda - fea 1940 3 1 uftw dud- 

ufe daw - ad fe dd f uda i_ fad aafe rradP' 

fefe fFW FFd dfe fifed Uda 1- HHfW fed 7 fe 

ffe feraij ?fef a 1 fkdzfe f aafe wfe d 1944 

fe. d a^HF dFTFdl 150 fe. d 6,090 fe. fe §dfe 

da dud-ufe Faraaw fad fe xfufefe fed 
dfe afew 1 ffey fad cfe d* - adfe F r ar fe Qh f 
dd-dd ©FUi' Fad fad fenadaarziHdafefed 
afead §ypfe" few ©yfe d ud fefedri 

fewfad Hdd fd anjad afeffe urz d ' fe ' 
fe dafei" — az hz d.'S'ft d ufad 1 ’ afe fefer 
uaarz dfe of firry d dfed yrfd ft ud 7 dar n# 1 
aad HHH-fafapvrdf fe ffer huu fad yfdfed kzf 
H ad ad ua^ fea aa aaaad dufefe hhfz fefe 
few f fad aufe dy f 3 F 3 1 fey ^rfb 3 r fe 
»rfafe fTOd few arfe wfe fe dajfe ujfz afe 
-3 1 fen dfe H§Fa fad few f fad fe ffer 3 1 al 
fea Mydd «di feF a fa daro faaa uferfe yf 
fdd 1 3 1 

IMza dd fe daro f yrfd d aad 12 wz 
ufafe fe Hd?d fedfe 3 1 nrad fed fdda-ufe hff 
fe fed dd fe ffed nrfd fe Fdafe few fefe- 
3 1 fen d fora dud-ufe f an fea hhh fe»r 9 a 
fe afe xitffe aiafe aw fd fferaar auF 3 d fafe 
fa garr feud fer gay rrafe FtHzoitwwn 
ffera 1 ’ 3 1 uaw - f aaw xfeF fe feraad xffd 

fe fddfe HHfexZ FF 31 fefe Hfefife fey 'fey 

u 

fad fan d fe uaf fewfe ?rfe nffevr f naF 1 afe 

ad w fea fewaw fe zn^d ffer ufey 3d 1 

fad >>rfd d ufew rroat adfe aa T aaro 

d 3 T fefe 3 1 H 3 I 3 FUd 33 dd 3 TfiF 3 , »OT ffe 3 




270 



3U3-tfsft 3377 



rtl? 7ft? 1 dt » si 7 tH'tl 377 >>{3" 33 ^3 f?d tft 
d?'d ?t 3tft 31 ddl ?'3 33 ^jdl 3 3T4 7 3)'-?3y T 
3373 §t §u fardT M3T ?33T 333 Mftfteto'i 

■Hol'd d.d'cS S' foOH Mfef3 fed 3 TfelM 7 TT 7 ?' 

fera^ 7 fer for 3 333 3 333 fei tt 7 rat 3- fera 

tftfM 7 feT 7 3 fer felt 1 33tt?7 ra? 77 ? 7 Must fen 7 
33773TM 7 331 331^77 d 7 ? 7 ? 7 3t fHW 3377 3 
W3 M3 f53 3f 3T3t §3 177333 c!33t 3 I 333 33 
3¥ T ^ t 160 ferift. (100 Hte) 3 333 f?7 twfrf 7 
UHIm 7 33 M3 3377 !6 fe-.Ht. (10 >ft?7) llfd ufc 7 3 \ 
U33 r 3 7777 33 fad 7 3 S 7 333 1 0 1U3 33 333F U33 
333 333?’ 3 24 fer.Ht. (15 Hfe) life" W3 Gt 333'3 
7773 tlrt' fed 1 0? 3^ fed d.d'T) 7 133 3 1 tt 133 HH" 
rtdl 3331 7 I fed dirt 3377 tft M3 Q d tt ?c(t!l 3 1 
cit'd 6d HTT ?'d'?dc5 d?rt §T3 fHTT 7 ?73t tt 3 
Hor^ 7 3 M3 ^tt ?'d fer fecT tT 7 3 133 ?53t tt dfd 
Ho^dl 

3377 3t §333t-333-33t 3377 3 MTFd 3 

* — — 

feH tt 13K3133 3 1 " ftsiTT 333t 3t iyH3 3Tdt 3 
U3 17 ? §3 §7333 CT33 7 3 1 f-K3 TO 7 §77 fed U3 7 ? 
fefffer f333 dT 7 3 fed rttt 3U3-33t 3377 fell 3 
7777 3313 3W 3" §3U77 TTdt 3 Here 7 1 f-HTJ 3U 7 3 
Sd ydd felM't! 1 331?- 3' H 313 sddl ?dtf 3'rt el'd! 
371 1433" 5° §33t 313 3¥3t few f?3°P3 3U3- 
lM 3377 Tfeft #3 3131 3U3-33 7 3 337Hlft s IMF 
t?7 30° ftycl'3 3 33 tt 313f o ITfet 333-lM 
d<o'<V 3 QdU?7 33 Hdul 3 of? d 'rt 1 d 33 d6 I UsTHt 
MU 3333313 yf3 K33t3 3t trat f?3 20° >H3 30° 
f?33 3 f?3cra 333 >M 7 K U3 7 33 33 1 20?tH3t'3 
H33 ftld Ufdrt 1 §3 9tTtW 'd d?'d 3'y- 
mf 3333 3 33T 33 ^ fUH U3 7 33 33 fdET 3# 1 

iHdU-dlfrt , '/f 7 3b>3 ^If'dct U3 7 iH 7 3 fHrtdl , >f 7 33 1 
fe3 ife 133 3 3TH3 3 ^TO - fecf UU3 7 H3 7 fe 7 H 7 
913W 3, 1 533 33, H133- 333-lM 333>H3 f-H3 
3kft fe^c7'3 T 3 3133 ?t iif 7 !!^ 377 1 3133 3 3^1' rt fdH 

HHHt d d dirtier M 5W3 felT 3t nftldl yf3 dlydd 1 
ydrtdl dfddl 3 1 ¥->111 3133 Hrt'dl 313 313333 

3 33fK31 7 77 15° §“d3l ^3333 3 313 fld^dt 



HW TT 7 31U75' 33 10°-15° 3i3t f?W3 §3 U3? 

31 for rt3t 3# 1 3133-3ffrt31 7 fW felT 7 
H3tf7731 7 33 T 77 3t flPW 7 33d ? 7 d 33§ 1 3 377 1 f33t 
31dU-dl« f%3 H3 3 ?3 tfdd^'d 3PH 33 3 H333 
H3t3 f%3 3f#3 377 1 

f-K3 3tft 3133, f-H3 313 3 f3t 33f 
5133 7 3, §3 33T3 7 3133 3 33F3 F13 W 7 fe3 
fS?! 7 773t 3E 7 ! 333-33t flgTO §3+ 3^ ^3 
fW 7 ^ 7 3f#3 377 f33 fe3 33 f-K3 31T 3 ftPy 7 ? 7 
33 33 -H 1 td 1 3 I frT3 HHK ^cSH'd 3St Ufd?dd<*> ddl 
HT^e 7 §73 3^ §3 333 UT3 f? 1 ?) IH 7 ^ 3771 
draift >H3 H33t 3 eyfrPH 7 ^ W& HHK f%3 fe3 
>>133 HW M3 §f33tM3 HW 3 ifeHt 331 f?3 
U3T3 33 1 " 3 1 for rtTft 333-35*1 Hd’H'dld' 3 G <f ^ 1 
fljfHM 7 f?3 H77 M3 M3333 3 33 33 33 3 ?3 
f? 7 ^ M 7 ^ 377 I 

333-33t 3377 f-H3 M 3133 3f M333 f?3 
?t 03 7 3 3313 377 1 §“33l MHHJM'dra 3 USHt 
M3 Hcl3t3 3f MBT f?3 M§3 W& ^77 fe3 31M 7 
cf 'cl M 7 Gd'ddA 1 377 I ¥-H3 3tit 3T33 TT 7 33 333- 
lM HWHTTt WIS ?T 3 Sd" ?1 §3 3cT 3¥77 773ft 
Mftfe 7 33 3cl 177377 M3 §3 ?rgH33t 33 f%3 
fe3 ? 7 MK3»t 36T3 f?dfHd ?73t 3 HTET 7 1 33 333 
33 33 3d 'H' 1 did 1 §3- cft3 313 ? T 5H3rtt W7 7 3 
U3 7 fftftTM 7 fe 333-33t H33 333 33 33 33- 
f?tjc('d f?d ?'yK3rtt ?fd<i 1 G” d fods Id ddd 1 3 1 

Ud^ 3 fff^ 7 ?W f?3 felM^ 3331M f377 
M’G'fe 377 §3 f§33 f%3 fe33 313 3771 §33t 3^3 
H3'H r dl3 3 USHt ?7T f?3 3377 M T §3 33t 33 3 
?3 ’ScT? 1 d'rt'd 33 I f33 f?3 33 HTT 7531331 20 

3377 M 7 ^ 377 I 3H3t 133 HOM'dld f%3 ?t 7531331 
f33 3t 1377 M T §3 377 1 ffe 333-lM 337T 7 ^ 
W f?3 fed 3 H^rKrt- f?3 337T 7 tft fd73'dl UJT3 t 
fer^ fer §3cft Mtr-Hd+HW 3 7 lfe>ft 3^, tfe3lM7 
3W M3 Hcl3t§ 3t tratl 3y3t M3-H3feP3T3 3 
feel MfrRF H3 7 3 T 313 3 f33 333-ysft 3377 fHT^T 1 
777ft M T §3 1 

375' TT 7 HlHl’ - 3U3-IJ3 7 3 f?3cT'3 U3 31 
f%3 #77 33 f37ft 3 7 pT 7 ?W U3 7 3133 MclHl 




271 



UgH gR" §■ 9" fee 7 U I gfeR 3 UfeOR - sFOT fee <TW 
ife 7 et ug'3 r d 160 feet. (loo Hte) ufe ufe fe gt 

gU feet O' U03 3gR fe UPlfet Olfet fe 30 ReTsfOr 
24 fe-.Ht. (15 feR) Ufe life 7 fe ofgfe e I fee ee §^t 
eue ufe fe ge gt e eefe e i wi ee fe efe wr 
30° fWycOci fe rtri Udf e OR H 7 fed 3U3-Ufet UdHl 
ufey ge efe fgyd'd' feup ifevft- ife^ # 
l^ UP fefe OR I fee fefe fe Olfet feffeTPeeR fefe 
U Uffe fee R fug- gR H3fe W OR 1 fug gRH3R 
feU03 US" 7 UOH feo U'H 1 gg fe Q^d-feUoCd g'R 
5W gR gefeup ufufeup or i fug nee m fegR 

fe 3.03' d H33UTe^UUT3 12fe24 Ulfcup Rfe 

fegR rotooi' feRUR ee of fee 7 3 utf fug h^r 

HOTR feH fe d.gRd fecT OH gufe 3 Uffe feT 3gR 

UOgt Uirfge UOge 7 ft fe few fe dgg 1 ? cffe gW 80 
fe 96 ffe.Ht. (50 fe 60 feR) uffe URT feg gf 3 fefe 
31 3U3-Ufet 3gR offe gR fu30T3 TP UPUR 7 
fcScHJ'dd dHd 1 gt H3R Re OR I 

3feR R 7 Ufg— HU3-U3t Hd'H'Old' fefe 3U3- 

at — 

Usft 3SW e 7 RU3 OR 7 HU3 fe life gftfUP few O' I 
3U3-Ufet ^.d'<5 s('g fc<H gt fgycc<j fed fc(0 R 7 

ORU%ferfferaefeRRdo<d'0'e ORfefeifefe 

feUdd 1 life fefe 01 UOfet RW5 - OcfdfeR 3 24 uffgUP 
3“ UfeO WJ fecT fetee ddltf* fe»P Ogrg 7 et 3.03 7 d 
UR 3 32 fe 48 ffe fed (20 fe 30 feR) uffe IR 7 3ffe 
feet J! ifecft irefe fee fefe fetfe efeR e hopur 
fee see 1 ? ir iRfe o i 

3U3-efet ROW e Rom T ?5'-3U3'-Ugt ruup 

M *“ = 

urfe Ho 'fefe e 'Set 3W fee fee fe ufftto eoT ?rw 
3ue-ifet fgre gfet fe?r e feR- e^ w 333 
07T I ^UHd fed (SofH'cS 3!3’6 f d'6 Uffetife df Uci' 
fe HOfeUT W oTOT) flW O' I 

ifer-lfe fe Ogr ?W 5 H fefe fefe fe Uffe 
§fe ufeur fenr eeit ffe fe ogee e goer e 
ufsu'dl oe 1 3 1 fen dcj 1 u? fe ogee fee 64~8o 
fe.fe. (40 e 50 ntR-) fee ufe e T gue 144-160 
fe.fe. (90-100 Hfe) ufe life e gfe fe feeee 
fenefe Rfe ufe aeoR^of oer o' i uffee a.^'*" 1 ' eegi 
He e gor ueer Oefedra ufe feofe ureet gfe 
U3fe fee oe 7- e 1 ufe rot ee Toe ufe fefe e 
g fOoT efe 6'R dold'Qf: 6'R ofet <c ( d s# 1 cfl RgHgT 
Ofeuf 3 i 

fegfet Rfefe - Hg fe gU HUT-HOR W TTcTFTR 

am “* 

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ge iTR-Hee $ uieecr ot ooe ffe efe fefeur or 
fen fe ag'fe Rfeo gt upfyuF fee 1 ’ 01 fee eefet 
Rfee fefe gfet ufe fefe fefeofe ?or uffeet e ffe 
feot eer ffee ofee gfe rot urufeur Tefe ufe hur 



eue-ufeegfet 

e 1- eefe gt ?fet ge nee ufe ufet et feurgTor Rlee 
upufe (S'r et ne eg o^ fe ^ feet ei 

gw— eue-ufe few (TR urano get gw 
fe uffefe e ffen ?tr uefet feRfefeur fge cfet ew 
fe f>ft upufe fe fe tuner feet e i feure 1 ' gw oe 
ttr Retur ufe efeuffe e ufet e 7 hho fe ffe 7 e 
fee 7 e fen e 7 RgHR ^fe e fefeur Qfe gft fer 7 
ufe fefeefet r uuee 7 e i 

eue-ufe few e 7 ruhr feoe eue-ufe 
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ferae eer ufMotof 7 e ^fee-uofet fefe fge eRe 
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gfer fe ee Sw fefet e i 

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ufRHR- Roifee Rfe fuofe fefe Tee Rfe hr i ne fe 
ufoRTfsefer HH'Fyfe ure fefen fe ho fee 7 fe i oet 
ofet fee fen hooto e efe fee ue ffeur i ufegR hhh 
fgeer fe ofet uffefe feee eefe oe or feo# TR3 7 fe 
ool<3fe urfe fe ufee 7 et nee ge fee ufe for efefe 
gfe, fee fee 7 gfe utfe lefet feferae 7 tttr ut ffer e 
uife fen fe nee Ret ffeufetur H^guuvtur ggeetur 
efeteturofei 

U.U.-Ulfe.fO. 22:497 

; eue-uet uee et gH” e 
pfeuf- et fee gfe e 7 ura 7 fee 7 e, fe a efetgret ofHe 
uwtfe efeufrew ife oeond eofeft nee ufe fetfet 
e i erft hhw hot fe H 7 ufe RoreoT gfe y Hg-moe 
err e ee fge ufffe ttr e 7 nee feet ?tr eg 
fgoTH ho efeup-i fee HfoH fge 3uewt egfet £ 
gee ufttut eefR etfet fbiQ'foi Hfe-fetur et ee ueue 
uw fge et fern e o^ fge feor gfe 7 u fJo ( 1 iff ufe 
egfet eur euffet e ^ot fge fee hhr fe gt fesr 

UWHtl 

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uoefeetur or, uuetgt fgHH e entR fge ye me 
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ueoerffeeH fe uruet ffeeoit e 7 ye fee 7 htwr 
( ebeo fgurafet) e note 3 1 moo et oiteoe or fo^ 1 

fge HUTR ORI 3U3-Ufet U30 fee HtHfetUf 7 fe 
uorr et feHHe 7 fee gt e fe fee HtHfetur oieoft 
uife fete gTRtuf 7 upee 7 ufe egg grggoe et 
uisee otor leetuf 7 or fe Rtg meet upofee uue 
fetup fRFRtup ori fee 3p fee ufe feoffee uefe 




272 



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ft sftgf fttnj" fftx xrftft o?7 fxft fe xftre" Hfe 3 1 " 

(ST<c 1 3<Jd , XfTTUj^d ' , gTH'dlrH^ tX" fftxrrd' del 1 M3? 
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X 1 " tlcfd , XffefXFTTH 1 " Xfft 3tH'dlxf+ Xf r fft I >8X77 P^d 
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33 ft ddlfAd 3ft 3ft3-3ft 7733 H77 ftX 1 " ft I 

tHA<^'y M3” HVFfTTBT 14ft 1 " 3 fex HH77 3 3§ 33 
3 333-lfftt 333 feft X3t3 3 PrSdUAlcfo ®T WK + 
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fecT fttxftt fex (Yaws) xfeft 3 Hfeft ft3 feft 1 " ft fftlTft" 
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XXrfXoT ofdU~Hc<dl 3 XfX3 ftt Xf 3 3«tU7 r fe ftt, X I 

fefftTFH - X77 1870 Iftft fftt ftXX3 fttxF 
fty, PrlcV ftXHX ftW 1 ftt P 3 d rtft] HTftXFX 1 " d'd 317 
M3 1 ", ftft 7ft gtxfet 5 a'Q 3" ?37 nfwrfew ft 

0^'3cV Xfft S3oT Hftt'dl'H 1 " ft ioA'63 3 3W 3'd 

X T 3?7 r XXft 3 xfefXF" ftt I xftfttxr fecT 333 ?ftf 

Xf733 ftt Xfft XI73S+X <feS3?7 (1880) ft Hftft" 3 93 

fex Xftfttxf 1 " 3 Udrftsft ftt ftft" X 1 " uftlftt ^3 U3 1 " 

AJI'PgXf I fe3 3 H3'd+ H35" grXfH fex 3 ftW 3 1 " 

143 1 " dtVAsf 3TT ytFX 1 " d'dd fftU Adi'PdXf 1 " fftW^HX 

CtefftcT H77X77 ft ftt?7 f%3 fex 3y TTXPfeXF f§ 

gaffelX XflfttfegfaX KScft XXF3 1 " XfXffe ^?3ftt 3, 3TT 

•\ ' 

ft 1897 gt. fex fex 33 1 " iOTfW 1ft Hftg" fft3 
xyXTTtx Xg3 XXt xftfttxf 1 " 33 1 " 3 Xfft Ugtxf+ fftx 
Xftfttxf 1 " f§§BXX Hg3 Xftt I Hftlft fex fey 3 333 
gftyftftr fegift 1ft3 rft.ftt. grarft 333 1 " yftt fttftt 
ITgt I d^'6 1 fft3 'ftdd did ft KS3 1 " d'dl vftf5" §93 3 
1133 H3 33 ftlftt fftF 7315" 33feg" ftt. dl'ddlH 
333 1 " UIW 1ft3 fe3 3 r ftgftff 3 Hlft>>r 33 U33 1 " 
csfod 3t" QjH'dl H33 3 Haft I H33 3^" H'W' f<33 
wdftr fft3 U3?53 ftftfftl" Hiftfugr ftraftft w 333 
H3H Hift (tsetse), ocrt 1 33T3 3t H3 H3t, 3H3 r 03" 

3iT3 3 1 " 33?) 1333, llftdl 3 1 " 33?v 33 3 ftJH, 
d'gftdH §33 3t ft 33 fW3H>ftgfHH 3 1 " 33H" HftH" 
3 r f3 H373 33 t-i 1 <t o( 1 dl 13U3 3 3oft )ft I fgH" 3 73J5" 
fey gtHfefeft ft HfeftH 1 ", 33 T ft 3ft ftgftR" 3ft3 3 T 
ftH H3 3 few I yfttew HfttH7T W 3ftP>fe Prt^dUf7 
W 3377 fft3ftt3 t HHiM fft3 1899 3t. fft3 Hf 
3feW I feH 3 3313 §3 StT HWft 33ft dHdl^vl, 
3Fft 3ft 33" 3U3-yift 3H 1 " f?3 wt 9yt»ft dfefeft I 
nftftftl 7ft fecT HHH 1 " ft UPTT-n" fft3 ftH o3 33t 3§Hft 
HMcTd dHT nfHdftr yvTO 1 " HO 'fed 1 fftftt W 33t 31 
yft»3 33 f?3 fey gfefefeft ft ddd« 337)" ffel" 
fe33333 H3 ftffevF 33" 1914 gt. f?3 33333 
d'QdHtS 333 1 " 333 d'HOdl fedd PdftlHT) 3 HH'U3 
33 TT^ fe3 ftH ^ddd'HTftt U33 ft Hf ftffeH 1 " »fft 
HTW f?3 P<3H"3 fH33 H3T57T (WHO) Mft 1333337713 
§>8343377 >>1^X7733377 (ICA) 38F3 1 " fex ftH P^O 
H felMd 1 Pdd 1 3 r <5 rtdl fePH 1 " 3 1 



aftft^t'i'SdldW >Hft 3 1 3Hfeft3lcri3 UMdlWM'^ 1 
ft 77^»ft ft3 e^'gl^ft 33 1 " ft feTT 1 " ftfeftfeft ft' §3313 

U s 

3377 3 ftH 1 " f%3 >>f| : 3H fefe" uftfetT 3 ffty" ft fey" 
fey- gfefeftH 1 " 3t 357337 fe? ftt" 773T Ht 1 Hftdfttf 1 " Hfft 
333" 3 tTXH 3 1 " U313 T X, 3Hft1" 33F 3t ddd'X, ^dol 
PAdl 33T >8ft 3Uf33 >H 1 frd , >X7ftx r fe>>f r feor ftrsfeoT 
33fel»ft, toTHfeft Xfft ftt3-77'3o(i, ft 5ftt JWX X3T 
3 3377 y fex ft fftft 33 f?3 W fy" ft fey" 
HiT3 lit TTvft 31V I fex dd'7> >>fft ftt 33" pHddl 
Xfefefeft XlPrtoly 377 ffty 3 1 " ft33W.773T Ad xfftxf 7 " 
>>(ft fe3 XtT Mdl Pgo( 3y 3t OcfH'dc; 3 1 " ftX 5T3 
dOl'H 7 " 377 PtH^ >HVffe ftftl'd' rtdltll U3X feXTXHTT, 
feftftfef 1 " Hfft ftt43XU r fe31 3 7 fft3X f33T, §33 Xfft 

xiddlcc" ftt xftHwr Pxctftx xtxfel I 

gXllofA xtX'dloft — gfelofA fth-ffet XfcfH3 Odl 

•v ' •> — 

H77 ifet feftt 3 X dVX-ftftt 333 fft3 XX 33 ft U3173 
3ft si '<? fe373 ddd ' fft3 iftX3 73 3t d^ 1 fex 3y H33 
afe" XtX'dlxX xh-rfetT 33, fey fft3 ft?77 H333U33 
>833377. HlftfeHT fexftft, sfet 3lft 3 feftdfefex, 3X§t 
31X3 xtxfttxx Xfft IftlT Xd'd xrfe XXIA 33 1 UPuftfefe 
3 XtxfttXT 3?fe1Xfi" ft" ftfeXXrft" 31" sTdft 7377 ftt 
§3377 rtdl §tfttX3 X 1 " HfttXTI 3X§t 3t fth-lfet did Xfft 
ftft ftX 1 " 3 XFlfet H77 X77 7537 l753t 3 U3 fex 3 1 " 333 
H773t feTTXT OxXTTfe 7377 3 3 Xfft fex 3 1 " U3t 

Xf 1 " X3 T fexF ftftt 1433 3 felXX 3317 7377 H3 3fexT ft 

fty fty y fex ftft 1 " ftftx 3 fey fex fftx feft 

XiH'dlxT 37731x3 3771 fex ftX TTXt fftXX 1X33 HXX 1 " 
Xfft Xd’fefed" ftH7)X fX3dftX7777 fel7sf377X XfX3XXt 33 
(UNICEF) ?33TtX3 XHXy H33 33 33tX3" 3771 IftlX 
XXX §X77 fty 333-yftt 333 t fftx xtx3 3 fxx fex y 
tX33 X£3 ftft3t ?W 1ft3 33 ^Tfe H33t ?fet 83^3 
HX3 T I ifex 3133 333-yftt 333333+ fft3 3+ 7731331 
HX 1 " Mft" 13TX3 3 33 %3 ftt fex ftt TTXt fe^ 

ftofefe" §37733 3 ft fty IftXfSffttXT ft feft 1 " Xfe 1 " 3 P 
3Xfet X3 T X 3 T 3t fex xtxftt 3 1§3X y33t 33+ f%3 P> X 
XoT3 33" 1X3 fe3 ftfefet 773t 3 33 fex W XXTTc 
Xfet 33^ fft3 33 1 " 3 1 

3U33ftt 333 fttXf 1 " XtX'dlxF f§X ?X3 Xfe 
ftftt 333 fft3 ftt XPX tTftxr 3Xt>8+ X77 felt fey 7 
§3377 afty X 1 " 35T 3 W fey 3 1 " H.^PgXT 3" 3X 7 " 3 
ft33J3X 3 33 ft 3X 1 ", 33X Xfft 14W3T yft 1 yftxf 
fftx ?fet 3?7 U3 f%3 ftt fex fty feixfftxr fft3 1 
XoT3tXf+ 377 fX3 Ufe" X’TT 1 " 3‘dfl PcSddd did 1 dldc 
3ft, X77?y ftt XXSft 1 " ?77 gfeXTTft ftft >83 Ad 1 f 
ft6fet77 y fefttxf+ UXI Xffeffttxf 1 " 3X73+ 33" §W< 
3U3-3ftt 333 f?3 ftt HX3 377 1 

314335ft 333 fft3 fe33 ftt UJA3 r ft XfH 
c?3?7 ^ r Al Xf+ ttdlddl ft gtxfttxf 1 " 377 ffty fft 
HftfttXT XX ft yfeft 333 ft xrfy 3 fe3 3ft ¥ 




Wyl fed H fdFF M3 afdM 7 F H'dcS FMt tfe 'dl F 
mf feu - fen fe Hdfet MMdt fee - edfetM 7 mf 
ofl d cS 1 h o( ' fet dufe fm Hd 7 feM 7 f 7 HdF 7 f uf fed 
fe feu - f^TO" F3F fed ffeJF fet fed dfe MfedF & i 
FUffed fe tHofd feH Udd f<dtl FMF & FM F 7 gd 
fet feldfe did add dfel cV tt SF H'fe] 3 UF fed fe 

FrfeM 7 mf ww uuf t tdfeF f 7 mhf d§Ffet ft i 

rHHdHHldfHH F fed UFFtfe fdFH FMM 7 S&fel F 

hff fFiAdl fed few fed If Ffet ti fen fdFH" 
fefai 7 fmf 7 ntfe fHFfet fm i rfet fed fmf f 
FM tM 7 FF M3 feT £ UJFT ^ HU<^ddl HtdMF 

ff tret f 1 fen tferfet £ ?fe mf fed f 7 

Ft dfe Fdfet fUFHU 3 M3 F 7 fe MFT F 7 HF’feM 7 
c<dcS e 7 Ofel FF FF HfotM 7 FI U ssl y 1 d fdFH F 
fedy-M'yd ffed MF UH<i fed UFFtfe fdFH 

dy 1 f i ffer 3F 3U3-0fe add fWy ff Hdj 1 ipfeM 7 
fee 7 FI for FM |F fet HF3 dfe F F+fet F M3 
tfFM 7 f 7 Fd fee 7 ti fed fevrfe f 7 hmIfm 7 
FfeF ffej HFut HF fe 1 HF" 0 *! Ffet oftH 7 fe HdF 7 F I 

fff fe fenfe MMftd ut fferfH3 fefe tfee Md 
yfe 3fe Hd 7 ffefet Fife f uf Iff fe 3U3-ufe fefe 
fed felti fevrfe fe" WFI s? 1 W rto( add UfF fe cW F 7 

fefe ff, ft fe: mm ufff f i fer fevpfe huff 
fumIm 7 fe <^dd older and ff fe cSdl fefe uf Iff 

fe dF ufe feF fefe F I WFfet Ffe fe W oFFF 
fFUF FF ifetfe tfefefe feF fe FUF-tfe 
fefefefe feF »FH" FF I fefe F 7 cFFF FFW F 7 ufc 
ffeFFF F F FF^fe, FKfe »fF UFfefe Ffeffefe 
F feF ?F FF ofFF FF 7 FI fefe fe few? 7 ffeFF 
fSTFK, HFfedf, Ud'dcS^F >HF fefe iF^FT fe feT 

feF miF 7 ffer 7 ufefe ff i tfe-M, Offtf 7 »if 

HFFfe fe H'F’F'cS HFFT fe HFF WZ FF fefe ffefe" 
FFI ottfl ffefefefe fed fed!" UF UTFoT feH'dl 
d^fWFFF (Kwashiorkor) fe ^UFfe F FF tffefe 
F fe F 7 FF SF 7 d" »felfe UFW fe 3ffw Ffe 7 F fFH 
feF QfeF MF HFftPHoT 3fe fe UFFtfel ^dd H'dlfe 
uiddd’HFdl FFfefe F fefe HHdW' §" FF dFF Ffe 
Ufel 7 fed 7 FI feH^" feFF HHF 7 Hdfed MF 7 ^" fe 
fdHH, fed F UfeFF >Hfe FF^f ^Ffe fet FF?" 
FtFFfe F; FF^ >KF tdfe'fe few (FAO) »ffe 
FfeHd UFW fe UF^F, HFF M3 td" MlF dfe 
?Fr5" HFF3 F, FF ft feHFtfefF MTF feQdfe* fefe 
FFFF MHFfe 7 M3 IFH 7 (INCAP) FF M3 feftM 7 
?UFT fefe feF HFF FFfe F I 

U\U.-feT.fe 22 : 496 

3fe3"~y S>t Fsl : fed U «> offer'd feF (Pale- 
caniformes) FFdT, FMtfefe (Phaethontidae) FF M3 
iMF'F.(Phaethon) FF ' dl F Ffe FF I feF HHFFt" ufe 



FF felfe F FF ftfeF'd M3 FS" ufe-tfe Ffe F I fen 
Ufefe feM 7 MO-T feFF" Wfefefe feF HF Ffefefe FF, 
fy<y feF HF fe fFM'y ' fi-IFF ^'rtl Ffel" (species) 
F 7 U'fel fefelMfFd" F 7 FMFFF dd fdcJs 1 (Phaethon 
rubricauda) F I fUF-HF'H'FlF M3 Hfe-HFH'dld feF 
feF ifet MM f>F5F" FF I FFfefe F FfetM^-utt" FF 
WfetM 7 , tMtj'6 FWfeFTTfeoT (Phaethen flavirastris) 
M3 FMFF" fe fe dl MH (Phaethen aethercus) FF I 

fof" Ugfefe F FF FH-fewt Ffe" M3 FS" feat 
M3" F-Hfeft" UFt F I HfeF Ft feafet rtdlddl 50 F.Ht. 
3d" F HFFt F M3" FeT ?t fe?t Ft fefe FFt FI HTFF 
fefe UStM 7 §" ^ H 7 FffeF-HF T fed' , M3" i aHF-0st , F 
Ffe 7 FFF FFF FF I fefe OsftM 7 F FF fFF, WfeF 
M3 feMfet F 7 H3fe FUT Ft FHJ F 7 ®" fe F HdF FF I 
Ffe ffe M3 Mfe FMfe cpfe few* FFFFI 

MfFF Ofe FFM 7 feF, MM 3F 3 fet ffe FFF 
F 7 ffef3‘M T FFa<i l Q'y UFl feFFfetfeFtfeHF t 
vfefeFF 7 Ho(fed F3F UFI feF Uddl ft" fe dFF fed" 

afefe ff f 7 Oae'd mf 7 fet uf i fen mf f sf mf 

HF 7 Ffe ttdlddl fed HfeF 3d HF UFI ttdlddl 10 
FUfdM 7 feF at yd" MWF F F FF" UFI fefe feF HF 
F dfe Ffe F Ofe WE dfe UF UF I 

F.U 22:500; Ffer. fe>T. 10 : 141 

hithI- : Hd'd'dd M3 s/'dl^d McSH'd feF HFF 

fefefefFUfeerr^FFIFFFOfeMl feFF^feft 

FF 7 HHdFF" (HHFFT) fe U3Ft M3 dF fe H 7 fe I feF 
feF FfFM 7 HF d FFF fed FFTF ffet I feH §" cfet 
rife" 7FF FtFM 7 FF 7 F fefe 3U?t, 3M3t, 
feMM 7 , sfellF 7 , HTTd 7 , FF 7 M3 dfel feF H3U3 7 , 
UFFW (feFF 7 felfe) fe fodF d ddfedF H3 H 
fd.fe. -dfdfe Ffe USHt UPF feF MFH" HW fed F 7 
feFfe F I feH F dF 3 p3" HfeF MMF’FI 

F.U.-Hd. 431; "Ffe. f. 18; fefe. f. 

31F : feF fed UMfe fe F UfF FPfed (ffey 
MfedHF) fet Ffeerfel trifeP FIF F FF feH §" FIF 
H7>F H3" I fed FIF" MFF FF Ft FW HF3 feUMdFF 7 
fe M3" feHfe fed Ufe dfeH dtfet fd FIJ fe F HFMf 
ffe f UJF UFFT ?F dFd fefe F dlfUHat Hfef §" FIF 
add F 1 " dfe MfedM cfet I fed FF o0« US’ 3 FF 
TTd fed UM'G<i fe U'dticV F d feH dF MM F 7 
feHF MfefM 7 fe FIF Hfeja" §" Uf F fed dF fed 7 F 7 # 
F 7 fed 0 FfedP UF FF FIf fe F FF FF 3 fe 
aFH''3 7F Ffe F 7 MHF FM fe (HFTF FIF MHFFM fe) 
F Fd 7 §" HHFtFM 7 fe FH fe fefe UF dfe Hdfet fed 
feff UF 7 Hdfe I F 3U dF fed UMfed" fe Hdfe Fdt 




yir h#4 



274 



7*" Qo 193-193 fexf faO tdlt! 1 I fdH dfe> fet 333 
9t'6<± fe rtoC fe feH fe C(dl H^F fed! 7*" 3 °(tl 33 

fyxyfet fey yfe fet wrztw 335(7 7^ or? i 

9.U.-tl fet fd rtl flT<S'-ftoT r 75jg' I 

HIT H# : 1333 37 (TO) fe 33 T 33 y 
fey fey oiTra T >97 WW-yfid 375-75'yl?7 §7 fey 
HdHrt 3 feldd 1 Hdldd >97 nfiss 1 3 3%” XI'PhG fe 
333 3 dHfdG' 56 fy.fe. fet ffe fe 3f37 31 fej 
yifTT 34 tt fey tfet 3ift 3 1 9ft cP« fet 397 tTii 
9ftfe fe49F ofet 5o(<!dt9F ?53ft»F 3fe9F 377 1 fet fey 
tfet W ft?5 tt 31 fet fet 9#t fty 397 fe49t 
75373T 30,000 fey 33 375 ftyfe 7534 9f T § 1 fet>9 + ' 
3771 fe3 fe Wf 97 >93375 tfe fet 9<d'^'d tt 33 

U 

6Cd7> fey oinl 3753 99'f97 3 313 3(7 1 fey 313 fet 
idddT Fra%3 33 7773 fe3 3 T Hfafe 1^37 3# 7775 
33 753T f3R>F 31 >9tT577J' fet 33 tt 57fet ttfex 7 - 
Sdldf Hc‘>9[7 i ’ ttdl dldldf 377 Ph7> 1 fty H'y<i , 
9757fey sTT*", glffet, 3337734, dd'ftdl >>1333, 
vrefer, H333, 337493 9pffe few sffefer 37493 
377 1 feJT 7 PncV fdfei 9H55P' 33 ^dodd'U 1 " tt 377 1 
ty ft37 nfe ferfw fet9r Hg«d' y 
H3Ht»F 377 93 fet H773377 3 FPW fet 197 3 1 33t 
yfedd, 1333, 333F3, 33749(3 ^3T3 T 7734 3 1 

fe3 ffelW 93 U3 T 3 T fife 3 fayy 3754 3?t 
337 H3T fepy 31 fe3 39493, 3 odd' 37 fet f>ff 
ffefet yfeft 334 3 1 fe3 H7 ofet K33 feH S' ^H33 T y 
H Pdd ’ dd 3 1 " 37^" 9375 5(33 377 I o(Hy fe3 y'H 1 35’, 
73 W fe33 37, >>(3373 tv, 937 Wild 337, 
Fy 77 933, fet7 7577, 9>7 3fef y 933 »fe 
IferfeHt H33 3771 

feK fife 3t H3 T 377 T 3c73t377 500 W 3f373' 
3Ff H4l fet ^ tfe 3 K>t 337 3 r 373 HyS3 fife 
HtF fe >>3 t 3V 5(377 7537 1333 3fE 7 Qh 3 3tt y 'y T 
3X3 33f S' fe)7 fife 3t c5f3 33f I fe^ - &3-3W 37SW 
fife 333T 3 r feoT feHfe^ WW H3fe3 375 U33 3t 
373 K3T3 33 Pd'>3 1 O 73 1 1 93 3 1 HW33 fetltCd S’ 
?3 fefe - 3 f^F Uf373 375 Hfet 7733 33731 fetfe^ 
3 U|3 Xife^ 7535ff 3 f%3 75353 ife 1 ’ 3fe»3l fet 
75353 3X3 3F7 3 7535t 3fet jfel fe^ t 3f75>>3 3t 
UfejS 1 ’ 37534 33f 3 »fe 33 l4 37534 31 fefe 3 
3 i 3 tst 4 fe 937 toffe fefe ifefe it 31 

wftsr U9 1 977T375 fe3 W 5334 fesffe? 3 
f^F 3 1 HWf3 53734 M3 fe§7TXR534 fe53F7 W3 
1%3 >Hf3H 33T3 T 77 X3 33433 377 I 

3FW4 —"14,161 (1991) . 

30° 15' §7 fe9.; 75° 20' y. &3. 

d.y.-ilFryl f<fyQft - 22.7.85; fentt. y.-ferp 

(1961) 



d.^Hld : fell 3 1- 3^ >933 S’ 975 t 3H3 

S5 O 

3fe fe 3 1 fe3 H33 93T 33 3 §377 ifefe 3 3fe 7534 
^3fe»3 TTfer 31 33Ft3 5H33 ^333’ fe f775rf7593 3 
feH 3 r >933 3 ‘fWfw’ I 

3.y.-9.3. 

dto( l dl / H T : fe3 533 H3 T 3 3 375 377 ftT?^ S’ 
H3 t 34 wt f533 T7 i 3 T 3 I yylOYI* TTfet feoT 9375377 
3fet3 fe33>- Htf H333 fet 1 3 r 375 1 - 34, 3 73 fe 34 
337 ut 33 fey nffeyF i txr 337 34 ffe 20 3393 , 

1434 S’ 334 >9fe fe3 3 1- H5733 1 ’ 5(StT fet 3ft3 31 
fe3 Xlfet 3377 fe 33XF|5 334 33XF 7775 733 377 1 fe3 
3173 T fe fe ^5(t3 3374 9f9<d'Q'fe 3771 fe3 W57 57rfe 
feufe xpfefe 377 , yfnjfe feTfeyr fe srTfe hw fe^fe >9fe 
wxrfe o(rt fey sic! 1 frTTF \d7f> 393 dS I 5734 <^'d fe3 
3fefe >9fe 5^9+ 3r 3373 t4 fe9 T fefe’ 377 I 

W# fe3 H37 W7 1933 ^ $ tt, fe 39 T 3 
^Tfe fe 3ffe fe fe 9^ ffe9fe, 3374 fer ftfe 1- 3 1 

cr.y-vf.t; nteM. 8 : 798 

HtcT : 33 7775 757fe4 57377 yfe U3753’ 3ft>97 t 
fey fey fey 3fe>97 uy 34 i fe3 fe gfe) ife yryTF 
t4 fey fey 31 fey 753 T >xfe fey 133 ^ 3ffe>33 
3 1 fet fey fen yftw fe4 yafe 1 fet yyr fe 3st fefe4 

31 U33 >9337 d'tlHtd fe >9313773 ffe fet fe 
3ft>97 7775 3375 r fey tt I 333 fe >93734 fey 
3375-9(33 fey fey 3 1 ffewfe 1 3fe4 fey fSdlfed 
fey 75774 5733 33, #77373 fe feliTt^T fe 753fe4 fe 
H T y-337 I 7 fey t?7H7y 333 353fey 33 fe 3775 
uy fe I >9333tfey 33T fet 33fe" fet f3375 §3 33 1 fe 
f3753t 3 yfe 31333 fet 333 #33 37734 3377 fe fe3 fe 

fey fe 37 7775 yfy fefe yy ffey i 

>Hdkfl d'o(3 i ’ fe 337 93'fe >93T-3f9>9y ffey ? 
'93773375 57313 933 y375H7T-9r3’-9f73y’ fey fey 
fe, fe fey yft>97 fefe oftfe 33377 9ffefes + fe 3fet93 
73 feS T 93d 1 Uffe 37493 fyt<^'dl , >3 U3493 sffy 
775 y 3573 fe I 

fet 3773 y 373 fe >933 9337 tfe feyfe 
377375 yfe tt 33 fey r759 l P393 t!7, fe3 fe fwy 
3373 9ffe fey fey- fey Hopfey 333 33fe fefet fe I 

3337t 3fe3y377 y 375333 9(375 fey 733 

fet 35775 y fe yft933 fe ffer y fty 3fe75 y yy 
fe, ffer fey fey 37 yy yyw, fey y ft93 9ffe 
fey 9rfy34 §#t 753 ft ufet fe, fyy 7775 fet 193337 

3375 ^ s' fey fet orfet fe 1 ftfy93 y 3yy fei ffer 
fet fefe S3 yfe 37T 33 93ffet fe I 

d,y.-K.t,; W7.fe. 3 : 290 




275 



3Hdd 



d^d) : fed er ygr>- ?r w ddd yudd fed?r, 
ddtd »ft 3ddt dl fed KtF7r >Hdd fefed'dSI'U >H3 
foWH Udd HUTCHt dr tTdd drfed 838-39 fed 
jyf(ffld95 (d.§\ Ht^d) dM^Td^fecTd^^fd 
fed 8-fdtd Ufddfrd fed dfew I for dt dtUHT HUl ’H3 

ddd ofdcT fed HdU?7 d dt Uddd ddld 1 " dt I fed yd 

fedT WW d fo fed d dd dd^dt §Md fed dt Ud 
§dr?T ddfet Tdd dt I fedd ?T fedd »TUd fedd d dt 
H ftHHVTd feWfdd d Ud dd UfdU fdfed r feddr 
fed fd fedt d feddW d HdHdt fdfw UdJd 
oftdt I Hdd, HdTdd, §d »fd fedd fed dt fedd ddt 
ddt tHdd r Sftdtl dddt gdt fedd fed dd fedd 
Udtd W JdftPMd sffer >Hd dddt dt fed Udd fed 
fed Kdd fedd'd fdTfeW dd ddFI fed dt ddt 
dffexfet fed dfe fed dt ffe fed fed Gfe fedt d 1- 
Ifed-^'cS dd d ?dd ?dd dd Gfe Wddd dr ddSoT gt 
dt I fed d ddT dddd ofet dd Wfe dd ^ 1 W 
cfet dddddldd dUd Hdlofd odd ffet Wd T fe > H r 
feUF Ud fed fed fedd d dd fddd fed cd > H 7 fe>JT r 
HUT U^7T Uiffed >Hd dlddd d^ 1- fed dt dfdTW 
fed I fefedd, ddd d dd »fe §d dt ffe^TfW, 
STfe-ddTd, fedddd >Hd Hdd dd, fefet H'Hdd, 
drfdd > >1 I fe fed ddt dt fed 1- ^frid 1 7Tdt dt fed fe 
fed fe gftw ?T dd! fed HU 3d d fefed'H »fe 
feddfet Udd-H ddd d feddd d 3d 3 fedd dt I 
fed dt dd Ud?d ‘’’Td Udd dd->Wfe fe dt fedd d 
fefdddr dt feur uddur d feddt crura - dfer 30 ddd 
dddtdf" d fedt ddt d I HdUUT rtc(' d ddfeP” dfd fed 

d^ 1 " Hdlfe ddfetfe dd Sc< c< 0 1 <±1 fe d dfTFd d 
fed fed fefdddT dt dtd Cfd dcf^T fed fed 
fedfofdt d 1- °Ttf ddtl fed d dfed o fed dd 

dTW dt fed dt fed ddd 1 - d 1- dfdfe ddFft fed d 

fed dd ddt sf'd^' fed dfd^d oftd'' fdPJd I fed dt 
tddoTd dd?d d fefd^ fedd dfet W-Wd oft 

‘dddtd dddT’ dr fed dfer dt Sftdr d fdd # HW 
fed ‘dddtd’ fed 1 ” dfer ^ I dfd ddlddT 75 ddd doT 
drfdd feddTT ddd dd 923 dt. fed fed dr d.dld'd 

fed fddfer d few I 

J.U.-fe. fed. 5 : 308 

dydd : Htddr dr dEfr ?fer dfed »fd fedd 
ffed-ifedt fed >HrdddfetFrr?7 dt ddWdt d d dd 
dt dd d 90 fe.dt. dttd »fd ddoft d Wdls/dl 165 
fe.dt. Udd feK- Hddd ddd d 1,361 dt. dt ^dfet d 
dfed d I fed dr ddfeftfe d d dlddbfe fed 

dTdd-ydoT Md dddtfe fed >dfd dr ddd ddr d I 
dfed d dTO dldK ll'il d ddd dd I gtlfe-ddd fed 
?rfeW dd ofdoT fed gt)'^> d ddfe-ddoT ddcT d^ 
Mddd Hdld dfed ddl 



fed d ?fe ddfeT dr iddfecT >Mdd ddf dfetd 
(Tap-riz) d d fer fed dfe fed dTdd Iffet d ddffefe 
d 1 G o^ferfe dTdd ddfe" c8'tt dlddt dPcf ofdcT 
ffe>T dl 

fed fed fefdd'Hof dfed dl ^d fef dfefe d 
feddd d ddt ddT urafedfe d fed G*d ddT fedr dl 
Hdd ddof] >Hd dd fe fe fed Gfe c<G1 dfet ofH tH 1 

Sftdr d Ud fed fe fed difer dtddd dr dt HddfeJdd 
dfed fed 1 " dl ^ddcT ddT Gfe dfed dd oidd fed odfet 
dddt STddr fed 1 ” dl fed fedd 791 fe. fed Hd 
Hdrfenr fep>T fe fef'fe fed d Ufefd fddd oddd 
fed feddTd 3fd d fdPJfr dtl fed dfed fed dfe 
dfed ddfefed 858,1041,1721, ’dd 1780 fe. fed 
^t dfe>fe Hd I ’Wfdt ddt d g^ 1 ddfe fed dd d 
Hd75dW d fed fedd dddt dr ddt dt, J §d d 
40,000 dfo»fr Hdd fed dt dd Idfer fdW dt I dd 
1908 fed fed d'dddl dddldvffefr dr ddd Hd fdP>T I 
Ufed - fedd" CTU dd fed dfddr ddoft dfe fed dd 
dr MfUSTd d few | H?7 1946 fed dtdfet ddr dfed 
d ufdtr nPdddfetTTdr dldddd" d dd dddd - d 3W 
dd - fdfer I fed dfr didn't fedUKd dd 1978-79 dt. 
fed fed d Hd9Sd' ^5d dfd dtdfet irfe feddTd dd 
ddt joH'd 1 ddd fed dfed d 1 " ddd <5cWc5 dfe>Hr I 

dd 1465-66 dt Hdt dfef' Hdfed Td ddfed- 
H-dHd fed dt dd d #4 HOd^UdTT Udrdt feddd 
dl fed d fefdgr fed dfet dd gf yurdfed fevnufe - 
Udl 



dd WTd’ dd 3" dW fed dfed dr ddt ?dd 




ddfer fet 15dt Hdt dt ddd Hdt Hfof Hdfdd 



276 



3377 

3333 37#€3fH# Gt^f 7 forcTST 33 I fH3 3 §3(433 
fGtd dlttltl , HU3 7 , HtfH3, dd'fedl Hidfedl , Hdd 

H'Gftw ¥13 33 ft#? Wcr nrfe- hh 7 # h 7 # 33 1 #33 

d<7 33rd 1 d Td d 1 6 ¥13 3H 6 ' rt rjfej'H 7 ufHM 1 " 3 3” fe# 

for 3?fo ¥i# 7 Gt 1 1 

¥3H 7 Gt-9,71,482 (1986) 

38° 5' G. fGH. ; 46° 18' y. #H. 

3 XT.— ft. ft. t. 5 : 309; #3. ft. H 7 . 11 : 484 

dHW : 3H# Gt §3¥3t 3ftHt HH? ‘3H77’ 3 
3# 3 f#H W ¥13H ‘ftdffo 3 1 H3Tt3 f#3 337 HW 
333 U 7 Gt3 31 §F Eo( for Gt §3U3t 13337# tit ¥13 
Hof3 St 3 H33 377 I 333 <3*3 §3 3# U T #t3 5T77 
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< ^d'fe¥l 7 Ht I fen 3 d'rt ^ 1 [#¥-3 Ht GdUSt H 7 
¥13H 7 3 tfo 7 3 1 




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277 



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dy'cj : td, dH^y 

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d'r-m'csT afea wt Hfgw daa a - fedw aa 7 

fedW a ayd-Oddl fed fed, tfedW 5" tfe IFF dld'd 
opcfel W at Oddd «dl a IFa, tH 1 di-TI 'HTT fertddl 
H'd-d'd a adfel Pud d ^ '[c(W U" I fed dfe d« 
H'ddl' Md H 'd d 'd 1 a 7 HcfHrt fet U" I Ufett 1 felH fe 
fddttH a W Wd WfeW dfe 7 Ffl" I 




WdfeW fe fcSH'd fewOd Wfe tdfeaT WirWil 

W dfewnl dfea ffea Srfew fed 7 fd 



fea afea at awuw 458 fe. ffea atat afet fe 
Ht 7 H'dfe W aw at dWWfel fe H3dtfW 3 333 d 

fed ftwa 7 fawi fea Hfea aft afe wa fea- uaa 
ddl Wt fen Ofe dfe Oddd 7 fe d 1 id did 1 I 6fe Htfl 
fed 'o'dHiw ^Hd 7fe dfe dd'cS fdirldcSlw fe fey 
afet fea-Hd atah aa 1122 ffea wafew a 
ffeaww, tffed aa fe fea fa aaa 7 aa a feafe Ha 
d'nwfe awfawiaa 1234 ffea fed fa fea data 
afet a afew 1386 at. fea fed fa ana fe daw 
aa few 1 daa 7 fe at ast ^ 1 cfl fen Ofe and daa 

Hfea fet ddfet sftdt I Hd 1795 fed waatw fe d 7 

fed fe afea afea da fed 1- 1 aa# dw dd da-tfera 
at dd Hfea fifed, wtfaaa isoi at. fed fed ad 

W 0(ytH' afew WT fed fe fed at Hid'd feana 7 fed 
dad dad sat ddafeaaa (Vladikavkaz) d dfewdt 
dd waatw fwaat aar aa awfewi dd 1872 
fed aw feaawfe aa fedfed dad sat fea aw 
w a afe dfea feat (Poti) dd aw waai awfew 1 
fed d few 1883 at. fed fea fea H T aai ddfewa 
aw fat afaa aa afea da aw few few 1 dd 

1921 fed fed fe WafflW ‘dlWH fet HWafet W 

aaw awa afewi 

wgffea afewat fed waadd dfea ai da 7 
afw d dd dd a Tad daa fed aat w-dd 



aaddt add aart aat a 1 afew a 7 da few fed mat 
war wt a 1 feat urat (aifear) fed at wua 7 a ua 
afea fea as - afefefeddfed uwa dw fed afew 
t dfet aw dtw few a 1 afew a a# at afetw 
afetw w aar add 7 ?w yaw afea a 1 fed yafet 
fdd a H Sid'd W fed fw dd dddtw d fed 
feaw w uatoawid w? 3 afea at wafow at 
w ww aat a 1 fofe 3 few fed 5^t aat a 7 
dfewfeG*! d^awafefa^ 1 afeaawa wddw 
w afafe dd at aiwat aaa 7 ai ppadtw dd a 7 
HWft dfew Md 6dt ddt a 7 feattrat (Anchikhati) 
ferad 7 fed atw waara 7 aai dfffe Hwaafea 7 

(Mt. Mtatsminda) d 0<5« dd Hfed a 7ife fed WHFd 

aa >Hd fed Sa a ad ffe aw dfet feifeta afet 
yldw d 7 dda 7 a 1 dfea a ffeat ufe w" fed 
dw-awa a fad fed fedfet dfetw cfeaa 7 a 7 ufet 
WdfedWWai 

w afewdt dfewaa w fefaw a 7 fed 
udd daa ai fed d r adtw arwra at fefarw?>d 
wravft, fed wffeafdat, 10 aa fafe fefaw atw 
add'd 7 wf Wdls/dl fedH?^?tr3iT HHHfe 
dwfea a?> 1 fafefaid aaa fea fea dfea §d a uw 
dfea 7 fea fed a 1 fed Hdtw a yad, aatwat atw 
Hdtw, feast a 7 aro fewa daa w fea fedw 
at Hana wife a fafear ufeaa ad 1 fed 3 (w 
fed an# a 7 aw, dfetw, aadtaa, few w dfe 
afe at daw awfed a fafear fe - fedfed adi fea 
1966 fea fed afedfea fefe a 7 ^ sftdt arfe at 1 

WWat- 1,260 ,000 (1989) 

41° 42' fe. fed.; 44° 46' y. fed. 
a.y.->>f?r. fe. H 7 . 11 : 592 ; Wf. 26 : 336 

wffefe : fea TlddW dfeld (wf dHd'cS ) 
fed fed felfeaw aiaawa 7 a 1 fe aif Twid fed at 

dd 7 dd 7 dad fddd fdd dldH 1 d fed US’ W d 

feaw dd, fea ajaawa 7 fa ddw 3 afew afew 

=\ 

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ddw (wad) a fe^ 7 Hddaa a daa a fd?ra 

fd fe fed diddl'd 1 dd dfed a I dd 1705 at. 
(add 1762 fe.) fed hw Id 7 featr swat aaa dd 
fed daa d, feaafe at war fd fafe a 7 fed du 
fe I fed tPOT d afetw Qf s dUd U 7 d, arw d 
aad afe dd few d, fea ddfe fewfew fe fe fir 
feffd fed Oddi afe fe I 

araawa at aafed wife ufe a a 1 
a.y.-H. a. 

3HH? ; fea wad a Haawa awr a awa 7 
ffey a 7 fed afea a a dddw - cwarya aa - aw Ofe 




cf h nton 



^ si 1 d '■ fe H3WI 40 ft. Ht. Ffd tddt d Mdl^dl 856 
ft. Ht. dt ddt d dftd dl H77 1867 fe fet 

feOHU&Ol y<tl oh) o’ i fed fed fei'dd Hfed d IVm 
ffedt ffe| fefecTf M3" 3W fe Hd'fedl 
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d.dd'd'd Hsff SdTdt d! fed d dFFSf d 7 tdd ft dt 
dH77 ?fet Hdd HH^d 04 OdMfdld W fe fed fedd 
tin? dt Hdfet rttl ood offer di rnrr ddd ttwt 

ft tV dl fe& Odfeof (OTHfcFF) ffet I fet d« OTsffFF 
d Udfe Hdfe fed 077 H iwiyo FFfd afefe f fed 
dfe 077 I fet ddt H^ Ffe OHdddF tt 077 1 

wot- 38, 519 (1991) 

21° 23' 0, fed.; 79°46' U. td. 

J.y-fd. ft. f . 5 : 309 

BVfTfe : ddd d fdd dfeFFfe § 3W ltd 7 
fed 1 " O’ I d dHTF dfdFF Ofed UdH d dfdFF 077 fddfe 
few IHFfe fed fcddd 0771 fefdf dHIF tddt 
ddd fed %0 UTFfe fed fedttd dl ddd 1 " Fife 

OTKdt fedfe tdTd fedf ddd OTHfe sfet Hddr tt 
ddd 077 I fed dOd- Odd dt fed fed tdfet dfe 
fedd UdH d HdfFF Hfed dd dfdF fed fed dfet d I 

ddt dHTT dHfe d Hd d dfefe feoTd t W d 
|d fed ?01dt ddt ten dt fed 7 fed 160 ft. Ht. d 7 
Ofe 7 dFf dd77 fife dH7F fed fed dfet d I 



fetdt dHH 7 , tddt ddd dt ?7dt d fddtt t 
UTFfe §Ud dHH 7 §d fed fTToTddt d I Ofed-UdH 
fdfe fed 192 ft. Ht. d 7 !^ Ud 7 ddt dhfeOud 
ddd fed Fffefet d I §dd-tFOd Odd d FdFd / 
Odd d dfe 1 ” Oudfe tdfe d Ud fed Odd UdH 
Oudfe Hdd? fed FF t dfdF dH?F d HOIH d d# f 
dt dH7F <v tt fed fetfl d I 

d.U.-H. t. : 576; fed. 3T. fe' 23 : 418 

3H3F : dHdF yd" OU fed ddoft dFF d 1 " H 
di fed §d^-ddtt Odt Udfet HHd OfeFF fdddt 
ddddt d HHd Hdd d r H>F7F>idtt d I FFK Udfet 1 
t ddl>F 7F dd>F dt §ddd d77 i fed HTFjdfet, d 
fedF, ftdd W td »Ffd IFd" d 7 dfed 7 dd 7 d ftd 
Wfe 7 FFoFd d Od dd fed FF dt d77 I dtd, HK 
Utd »Ffd d 7 Hd 7 Od 7 fiw fed 7 d ftTH fed dfft ■ 
TFd U 7 t HTTHddt d 7 dH.dl 1 fdFFd dd feiFF FFd 7 

Odd feFfddt dt ffd 7 Odt d ft §d ddd 7 7 
fetd 05" d fedfe I Oh dt fetdd 7 Ffdd 7 HOWTd 
dHdfed ffet dHfePH 7 d 7 fe7FK fdd 7 fed 7 
Ud 1 ^ d7F77 fed UddFl tdftd tfe Hfe 
fedfetFF f df?7 dt»F OFfetFF d Hdd UfdTTfe 7 
H77 1 HH 7 U 7 d Odt Hdd dfedPH 7 fed Od77 l 
FFgfddfdfdd tfe d ddTT 7 dd HoCyfdFF fet Ff 
Ofdfe fed fedfetFF t Hd d fefet, fd tdd 3 df 




- 279 



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3+t W cTHt 3 SXfefeFX ^ Pr feif t?3 377 I 

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fef At Kfi^f HOTF 31 tAt y't’Hf'd »FU 3 t y'3H'dd 
At UgAfe, SOTRtAt fe ftt ftfe fe^K At GP3 gt 

P^HH 3VT3T otdrt At did dd3' 3 I X«c(' At3( T 

H3o( 1 3' 1 3 fearer HOT? ?t 3 H? HH'fedl^ tt 
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oft3 133 33 ftfe 3 ftt 73 ftt ¥33 f%3 ftfe HOT" 
xfeFF 33t3F 33, yd'3dl fwAt AAt 3 W HTTtTd 1 " 
AtA? 1 ' ffej 33" 513 fttfltw 33 1 " 3 1 

3K3F wfOT At 533 H3 3 UftROT f?3OTf fg3 
tAt 3TAt| 33 3+ §OT 377t3F fg3 3H3T wfOT 3 
33 3 T feTOT 31 3Xf3T3F 3 1 " ?33 facl3 W ft3 
ftfe UOI3 51377 3(3 St# HfeA f%3 33 '3d1 t%3 T §3 
HK dt" 3 1 33" OwfUoT 33*" dAld-C 33 3^ tt-gy 
3F 1 " At d'ddjtH'dl 6<y 3 fAd'dlfe d 1 J1 frT3 
3Hf3T3F 3 fnw AAt 3 1 33-333 f%3 fAfe (TOT 
gW 3K3F fcfgfe 3 313 f?3 Ut373fe3F (Tfe 3 HOT 

ft ItAt 333 3 3>T3T wf 5i3t gfet ewim 

rtdof'd fe Hft>H + f3 HTlfe 3*3 377 I 

3H3T 3(3 fAt fg3 H33 335T 3 1 U'd 3 Ho<«- 
H33 W gAf 33 fet 133 At 753T3 377 33 feg At 
5133 cftH3 gAAt 31 fiw HOT CFTlt cflH3 73OT 
tlfejF 33 1 " 3 33" ft 3H3T 3 1- HH3 5133 3 oflddl 
7TOT 31 3H3F ftt 33f3t, H3 T 33 T 3+ §33 33 At 
foTP'cSt HHfW Hfe 3! 3513, 5(331, Hd^, 51753 3 
H3 3T r fA' 3H3T 3 At H3OTg 33" 377 I 

3 T 33 fg3 fHd 3t ad'tldl feH'Qct 1 .<3 hI 3 

HdgdH 3H3F 33H?t3 33T3 fOTd 1 " 3^ 31 3d'3d1 
hyl 33 3H3T Wld 333 3 Hd'Wld 333 37T I PH^ 1 

3 fW 33t ?53t gfcf? VT^OT 33 1 3OTT 

f53p 3OT3 H3OT f33 3+3 33 I 3W H36T3 3 1 " H3?3Vf 
333 oT3 3W 333 3, f%3 3T33 fHOT, 33H fHOT 3 
333Hftl 

H3oT3 333 ^HHdloc 3 1 " 3OT H*' W3t 33 T 33t 3 1 " 
H3 3 ^ fe3K C H3OT nfg >}f7J3’ ?3 3 1 " 3H3T 3 3" 
1861 3t. 3 f^OT 1 " 3 T OT r H3 3feM T l 3OTH??W3t‘H¥OT 
>5^3 >H T 713 , 1862 3 31373 3fe»FI fer 33-OT5?3 
3H3T 33 3 TptOT-litOT ?13 13OT OT23T ^ 3TOT" 3 T 3 
313 - 33 1 >HH3toF 3 3373 f?HH 3Hf3PH + 3 73’ 
U3ti'HOT H3OT >J33 33t3K’, TdHpddlPBHd HdfgH 

<S * — 

H3OT’, THrtg'd' 33^’, fdHfddjfyH3 dOTHldl 57331’ 3 
( HoSrt d'd Hf33’ Wl3 377 I 

H?1>H3 HW 3 1 " H3g'dH UdHcOTd 'W W3 
OTf<7?7’ Ht 3 1930 3 Hf ofe 1 " f3W 7# ! ft i# 
H3 T 3cft OT 1- Hdt3H 3K33 C >H T 333 >J33 f^dddl ’ Hit 
f3HT 3 U3 J 3t3 3# 33 H77 1 33 fgB3 3H3T 

‘>HWJ >333 3TW3)"’ 3 ‘3353 333’ H77 1 



333'77tH3 vracT feofddlw 3 ^HniOT fgHTOT 
d'H f%3 fo(H 3OT 3 331' 3OT oD-TOT 3t 33 7 33t 
feffOT f53t 1856 3 Tg'd'tdl'W 51331’ 7p 3 1 " 3H3F 
3OT 7 Hf Sl^l 3W Hd'd'A^I OTH3 T 3 3 Wll77 33 
53377 fet 3 oret ftt H33lc3 3 Tgdddl^ ^331’ 
33TOT cPte 1 "! 3d3 T 7»1>H r 3 1 " 33 1 " H3t3K 3H3F ‘iFdtT 
51331’ 3 3 H T 3H T 3 3W g# 1 OT 1940 f%3 33" Hf 
Sl^l fdHfddjfdHd HdfWff 51331’, 'fHOT^ 51331’, 
fdHfddjfHHd 3OT313T 51331’ 3 TyPdH Wfe3 PfeOT’ 
JJflV ft 3 33 feHF 3H31 377 1 

33t 3d'3d1 f53t g33T 3 r Uf33 3K3F 'H3OT 
fHOTl3>H3’ 3 f33 3 P Hm/TT 1852 fe3 cfh^t 3JHh 
33H7t 3 1 " 3H3F ‘»FfS377 51331’ 181*3 f?3 3^33 
51^ f3W I fer 33^ ^ 3 f3IW Ht f3Hf f33OT3 

t 1 H3H3, 1939 OT 3W" H3 51^1 37H33.1dT ^ 
773133 3H3F '3(31335133 HdfgH H3OT’ 3 3 1949 
OTOTP ^fe3f I ‘oCKgr H^OT’ ft 3" Hfddl'33 3 1 " H'd-idH 
Hg 1 "3H3F3 3 1943 OT 3OTT Hf 0 ^ fePJf I OT 

1933 t 33 T 33l fwfOT gOT Hfe5T £ HOT, 3*3t 3 
3+3 3 3X31 33 H3 5[3 K77 1 

33513 33(33 H3OT £ 3H33, 1950 f%3 17 
H755F 3 f<7 3d'3d TOc3 £ aTJ'331 3 'Aydd 33(33 
H3OT Hg r H3OT’ 3OT H3 oft3" frTT^ £ 33t»r 3t Wd'Al 
f?3 fOT 333 3t yd'3d1 f?Wt At I 'OT. W7. 
31H33Ht I3H HgOT’ 73 3 3H31 77g33, 1957’ 3 Hf 
33 f 'g. 3(77. H3OT’ 3t Hf^Fg- 3OT53t, 1959 f%3 

uAti 

3H^oT : fer USMt WOT (TO) 3 331 3 
fH37FU3 feOT 3 1 " fel U3 T OT r H(f33 3 ftlR 3 1 " 3f T gP6d 
73 331OT51 TO ^Hgol 3 1 fel HfU3 fefeFHOT iR 1 HU3 
HHf3 3 >H3 fel 3^ U3 T OT T 73 HFrgfoug 1 " 
(Tamralipta) 3 1 fej H337 fclrtdd 1 Hf33 OT 753T33T 50 
ft. At. 3 331OT 3 gftW 313W 3 1 HOTWt H3t dt 

3 

cFHdfttUd 1 " HH3dl dd 3 1 " pHol 3d I 1 H fdd > Hd' (fetTl 
9333F3 At I fel Hdld HK33 3 drtl - drtl ftjg'd 33OT 
7737 g3dH T ?7 Hf33 HH33t 33 73 OT. 90 ft. At. 3 

3 3 1 y3fe HfHfe 3337 3T3P" 753t 3 1- H T 331 tt 
fel Hf33 3 ££ 3t 33T At I 3fe>F 3 tt 3 gfHFF 3OT 
o<do( fer yPdd giFHsi uy - tt <x‘.dl HH33 fee I ufAtr 
f3Tf5t3 T , flJOTTTt ?> s('dd H 'd fed f'dfe fel HPdd 3 1 " 
fe513 cfen" 3 3 fHOT feTO 1 " 73 3 1 X3fe33 T 3t W 
3 T KfOT3t3 fefe 31 fel Ufel77 HflJ3 3 333 
3U7>d'ffc!<i 773t 3t 3333 fAt ft3 33" tt H33 377 1 
fer fer H3 3 1 yftroT f333 HUfedd - 3 ttHHW? ft3 
yfffe 3 1 fel FfTTHT^ ttHH77 £ 3 T H3fOTU3 T 3 33 £ 
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rere 1864 er fere ffetreureat rei fere fere 
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yfrefet— 38,688 (1991) 

22° 18' fe. fere.; 87° 56' U. WF. 

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HHref (Tobacco) : fere TOreret (solanacea) rere 

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re 7- re 7 treufe»f r re r (Nicotiana) O' tferer i rerre re rereret 
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reru re feftre urere ret feret rere rereregr re rererere 
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rererere re fe nret nret fere urerererrefer re 
revru ret uret rerere fere rereret ret i rere ferre rere fere 
renrefer rere retre nreire w& uvrre re revnu ure 1- srere 
ww refer rere rerere ut rei rerere fere fere ret rere 
ure^'d re- 16-17% rerefer re ure refe re tfew frre r 
ui 

revrre refer feuremr 60 irrefer fere rerere 
fereffeiw ZHreK (Nicotiana tobacum) rte ferefewr 
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tnrre e retret feret re i uret j Hre reu T rere frereret er ferere 
feu re refefer ut ^unTreft feu urefer ure i 

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re cftre 7 re t re r u i 

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rerere u i feu rere re rere ^reirrere re 7 66% revrfe ure 7 
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•s ' 

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rew revnu, rerere revr^ ere fererre ewe urire i 

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prefer urerefer ure 7 u ure f5UF§re reretre ure 
urerefer fereure reuTrerer vh we rere 7 uure 7 rr§re 
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are w uu (mrre) fere fere 7 u ufere feiure uu 7 ?rre 
uure rere 7 refetre 7 ui frereHre reur 7rere uret fere 
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re 7 ii fre. ur. er l fre. ur. >ee ferefeurure arefere 7 re 
2 e 3 fe. ur. ufe refeture 7 #! 

rere ufeut re 7 ure 4" re 6" rere fret u refet ! 
re 7 feu re reuft reg 7 frewu ottre ure 7 fere rear rere 
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2 l A e 3 we »fer frereffeuw uufere 7 re ufe»F fererere 
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281 



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‘Laricalicmbra’ (1854), ‘Lances de honor’ (1863), 
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3.y.-f3. fk. t. 

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282 



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ura sutst afeart w fea aafe , 9 r I u 2 cos 2 9 asar i 
aa afa, das a 1 sh a'fuw-r nraa feasa tta afe 
as d 1 sua uas afe daar 1 " st tra 1 " a afetH 1 " asi 



afear daar - aa wa asa 1 fea sat ass 
fa fedH'd afWu^safferasd i "us T auaass 
faat urad 1 ", j> (asa at 5ra sa 1 ^" ffe ora 1 " at 
faradt) Md sras as, q ss ddH'few afe 1 a i 
nrfea uaas fea afea ssta 1 ", asa 1 ", aawas's 1 
wfa asas ua 1 sa faa as i daar feast afea era 1 " 
aas asat a fa f wad 1 d sar feast daatst 
ssa3H'fywafe r ayfefefe‘a r ud T ufasfea i a 
a 1 at fsMH 1 at saa sas ?rs sarfew rr aora 1 
ai ufas fsaa wsraa aaat a ft sat st as aa 
arts saa^asJHdraaFtatsTa sa 1 d 1 a'aa aat 
as i ara fsurvr uaar aw fat uus 1 ft? fsaaa 
saa 1 " a >Hd as d ursd 1 " feaopa fes feaa aaar § 
fat saa 1 " ai nrfea uus 1 " a a^ ffaa aud 1 " ss 1 
aafeas sud a fea 1 a ft 



q = q 0 (i - f) 

q 0 s ass fast as a atfead fada as afsw 
t ? 1 add 1 a; fear df 1 " aa opa 1 " fea aa ss ass 
ustw" as d 1 " ass as aa o a s t aa spa 1 " fes 
aaat ?r sfet fat d us q 0 dt a asat ai aTfeds 

aatsas wsss arfed" at saa sas fuad 

f i 

5 fq) + ^ = 0 

5 x 9 t 



fea 1 fea at st yaat a afet a ft fea fsavr fta 
st usd 1 " ss r sat x fat (ass d dw sfet fat) 
yfe t at feast daafet sat aat fat aaat, fsaa 
yrsas 



fasa 3 : as daar fewfedt 



X = q 0 ( 1 - 2 P) t 




284 



ddcS d’dS 

Ufre 3 T ftF FF 3 gfetret»F f wM ?Fre 

tfe»F W mw F F5TF Hfw HIFF 7 ’ Ffet FTPS" fere x 
§■ fyfefet fcSd^H-W ^TTW ffet w regrreHF 

HF fret FfFF odd 1 i-l're (ftddd 4) I Ftt 
litre F U^J W §fet doCre'O feg FFT ?Fre >H 7 fefet 
F 3+ STfe WcScT WJFt FTT FFre refe1m FF nfe 
feoT Hfe 3F3T OF 7 " 3" grefet F I yfftfet gfe 3FFT Fret 
gferet ftF ufUW 1 " fcTOK reFJ oIFF Fre fFHF yfeTFF 
H>flo(d6 FF t-Pfet F 

G (q, - U) = P 2 (q 2 - U) 




V 






X 



B 



ffef 3 F 4 . Hfw UJFF 1- rerefejT ftTOFt»T 

dfdc( F ffcoidrf Ssie rt'tt yefeldf 7 ' FF I 

ftTF p , MF q, ^rwre P >Hre q fefaF Hfe F Ft 

gfe <^'«1df' ret>rre T y-rre f 2 re q 2 gfe ufe rerety-F 
o(1 Hd 1 06 I fefcl U Q 0 0 1 W F fiHH 6 'tt H 'o( dddl ddtt 
ftF mf ttfet f i ww w yrgg f fe fsr?7t>>F 
refe gfe yfeg yfre refFF FPtfre Ffetm FF fedm Ft 
refe- yfre refere gfe re w rtfem ff i 

FF §g gferet F ffefe ffeg fere g>fe 0 fet 

Fftre F - yreo FM q, = j q 0 yfre died 1 P,= ~ 

fere FFF Ft feFFF FfUF 1 - F I FH+ 0 fet t ftt x= 0 

fere yftPFre d'of’^d w Fret f re fe ff rere for 

dc('^d F dddl FFF q 2 = q 0 /8 (FW IPF FF (yit feF 

7 

toff f yfare gfefeFF mottf, Hirere 7 p 2 = - fere) I 

o 

UTFF T P 1 fet q^re tfe feoT HFF UF 1- F FF dcFFF 
F 6rf U&F fdd 1 Ot! ' F, fFF F 1- d'cfd 1 IFoT dddl 6'<d 

ff f Iff Ft Fre u = -q 0 /8 f f ftfir p 2 urere ?w 

fFFFHre y^'O FF FI FF of'd 1 doy<^d IFF FF 
■ FF^F F77 §F feorFH 7q o /8 Ft FFF 3]fFF FF 
fi tldfp 06 yfF G cS 1 Iff fyo fen f*f Fre FifFt^F 
dfodVd 7- FF FF 3cT 3q 0 /4 FFF dfeoj y^'O fed 
FFF ?7Ft F FrefeF I fel ZW x=5q o y8 FF 7- F 
fFFU^re doC^'d FfFF FFF cFF FFF 1 ' FI 

Mdo(1i6 6H 1 fetjol'd dddl — FF HK-FIFft , XF 
HF forfet HWFF yFrey Ft FFt FFt FFt 
fHrA'Fd'cCF ^ f HKfHFt FF FKre HFfe^F Fre - F 

re Of 1- ff ?ret ffft f wgF ?thff ftfstf ^rre 



HofUtS' FFt tF^" ^HF F ujHF F >HreT r F FF F 7 TI 

yFrey f ffeFfuF >m mire uifff ?ret hfwf >hf 

3 FFT V /G/ P FF ?FF mt ?FFt F, fftt G HrfyW 

f" fF^re-ajrecr. f (HFtw fret g = 6,000 re ufe 

^FFT fFF R'dTirFT >HF fdd sit 3 FFT FF 10,000 fF 
yfe HF 3 " 6 'w g^t <^yd FFt f) i srre f 7- fedtcyF 
fen Iff fere ffff FFt f f shfhci fere ffeF ff - 
F nre MfelFtw FFFF F fdd Jl W FdFF fere FFT F I 
Adol'dl 3 FFT FFF Fre F HFJ tfeF »f>r oTFF F 7 F 
V , 2 (i-v)/(i- 2 v) ff mt ?iret f fttg v UFre re 
ure f 7 Ffysremyre f i 

F.u.-^.fe. 23 : 440 

3 H?> d'd* : fre ureg Fre f Mfkrere fere f 

•k U 

fere fere ufexr crrefere mf fetreFrere fere f f 
> fe>JdHd feFF F rtdlsfdl 25 fe. >ft. G"dd rt 0 "dd~ 
tfefe ret fe feferere-wrere ff Gre tfem 
ofe^F f i fere fefe ?fe Ft d fo h 1 rt re RFF-Hrere tt f 
>hf nrere 7 " Fret MfedHd , Ffeyfre 7- Fifererere, Ffere, 
ret »re srere sre Ffem ferex 1- f i 

fere ufefre fere Ft fetF fitfe f yren iffff fe 
FIF mF 77 Fre Ft fe 17 feF¥ fefF 1647 (FF 1590 ) 
$ ff »fe urere fere fe Ffere fere fere yfere 
Htre rere re ret fe 1 fere 1653 fefeFfeferepreiF 
f fu fere wf retre 7- fePF 1 hf?f ret fetr ff fere 
reft fe fere fet fetw rere fere, 1643 fereFit ^ ret 
yfe uf H'rt re frere Hoi frefe f>hf fereret re rere tt 
Hfem (ff ret) rere fere Ft Ktrere FffeFi fefeF 
grefere ffet ff Ffre re, fere fet fere so feiit Fretre 
reFretre re 7- f fere hftw ’re fere retf reretF 1 " FFre re 
urefetreti nrere 1653 fere hf^f re yre 7- gd^'fei m 
FraFFF rererefere rest Fif Ffere f refFF re ferefe 
f rere 7- re mfet HFFt >nre yfe 7 Fre mt rererfe yre 
rereretre f ifeF mtfretre re fere fere FHFFreret 9 f re 
Hd 1 , rere yfreire rererer 7 ' re jf reFfer 7 ” 1 fif H'foy re frey" 7 ” 
re nrere retre fre fere fed 1 fere referer rest grefere rere 
mfe nror Ft fere ffer F 7 rereitm 1 gdre^fe re gren 
Krefe ff rett rere ?r retret 1 fefre 1823 re hoff ftf 
ffey FFHai^lF re fere Ft fevrare 7 " rerer re fere Ft fere 7 ' 
tff HFreg f f ufe yre regrefe, gfet f ufe ko 7 f 7 f r 
ditfld ffey re itrefere rewre fet iffff ure reg^fei 
rereF reffepre ffey re hf^f fet yfereFK 7 ' uret regrefet 
>yfe hff gs^feyre 1 fere tt ftf ffere fere §ff fere 
F^ - re FFgtre fet hff rerere yfferegF irefeg f refet 
fffh 7 1 f>h 7 ' f FFrere retfe w grefe Frei ifffw 
defed few re fIfhff H'fog, >yf>r 3 reF refer Ft fere fet 
aTFremr ff^f refere fere tt rere f uret F^feF 
>nre ff rerrereF yfeF fet rere 7- rererefet 1 

yftreF ggrere fet rerefet fereF rere 1 955 |f, fereF 
tre 935 if, usre res 1 770 |f yfe udre rere 700 ffe 
f 1 uferegre 7 " fet rerefet fereF rere 1044 |f, fuf rere 
1020 ff, urere rere 860 fF m ygg rere 861 ff f i 




285 



'ddWd : dfad 



Weft d4fd Ofjd dt Hsfd'O dW fed fed Hd dWd 1 
Hddd fed dd ip-few dfe 1 dl fed fet HW HdWd 1 
fed d dd€'St Ht ! dfodW fed ufw t dt dfet fdt 
dt dfe Hd ffefe d Ud" fed cfdd UPddlW fe ofdd* 
dfet ¥df3W fed 1- d I Hd¥d fe UfdddH 1 fe fed WR 
UlUtWU 1 Hdt FPfed d I fed fed IP^d WTO d fat 
td d did UfUdd fed fe Hddd fe Udd 1 " dddfd Hd 
>tft gfe U'dH'U did dfddTfdd dldd dfew dtfew 
ddfeddl 

feufedd t fed'd Elfedfedffe fefaU'HU Ud 
fe dd ffefe fed fed fedd" fed 'did d 1 Ufa d d fe 

djf >H 3 dd fed fe fe wfew fe f drd ‘fefe dUtt d T 
Ufa d 4 ft fed Ud yd UTdtWd 1 Tfedd fe fed fe fel 
HW gd 1 ffeiT fe UPd fed Hd 1 (fen 1- fed Ud djdb 1 d 1 
feHfedfedHfddl 

dd'fed d fd ddd ddd Jfedd fe ufetd Hddd 

fed fuHcV <5 ddd cVd dUd ddT dd d fed 1 " d fed 
ddd UWd 1 fe fdl<£dl fed dd“ ofeO ddd, U'dH 
4rffefeufatfet feHcVd ddd 4f r fefe Ud 1 UJdd4ffe fe 
t^t dd fe fe did > Hdd?7 fed fet d 1 Hd fed 1 ddfefe 
d 1 " fed 4PHdH d fe 1903 fe. fed ‘d^fed fe fedd’ 
dfet fed fedd fefer feW fe UttfdU", fdlttddsT fe HU 
fdt 1 fat W fel fed 4fHdH fe dd fed few dd 
dfew d, dfet dddt ddd 1 " W fed 1 " dl dd fed d 1 
dUH ddd UHHdd dd 1 " ffed 1 few d fe fed fed fed 
H>f 250 dirt dfd Hdfe dd I ddft tffeW, HffeW fe 
of fel W ttul 4lfed|-4ittdl dd3" ddF U9U d fe fefj 1 " 
«o(' fe 4{T3H ffeddd ddd dfet dfet Udd fe dW-tfe 

?t fedfe fefe dd! 

AcS 1875 fe fed" feOVlUdcl ddt Obi dl dfdd 
fed UTT dfet Mfe drfed Hfesfdl ddd, fed tftd 
Udf*dl Hfd, fe dWT, fed ftdR" UHUWB", fedfefdd 
UHUWd, dd Hdt Wd ddUdW 4ffe fed dddt did 
TOT feW'd UHUWd fe dd5" ddt fed fedlfa «dl" dt 
fedUdUWWdl 

fdfefeld mfe dUPdd W fed dfed W ddd 
feddT (5dt dfe^H 1 " I fed ddd!" dd fe dddd ffeWd ddd 
fe|feW3feddfefeoIWdldl 

fed dd dfrw fe HF RdW fel dldfeWf" Wfd 
d Hdfet Idfed" Hdl" fed dfdW ddfe dd Ud Wfe 
(>H31dd) >HH fed (WXH") fet dfdW UTd dd d didfet 
ri'fel d tTd sf'dl fdTdfet fed ddd 1 ^" 75d fed Uddfe 
ddlfeddfeWWfedfet>Hdddftfefe^HdW5W 
fetdfel" fefe dfel" fel 

Wdfel" -47,529 (1991) 

31° 27' f. fed.; 74° 56' y. fed. 

d.U.-H. d.; I?T. fe. d. 5 : 314 ; fed. 3 T. ffe. 23 : 
252 ; fe. HT. >rff>WTH, 1966 , 1976 

H37TUW : fed dddd dTdddT fet fed dt fe fet 
»l r d'«H3' W UW dfed >Hd UH'HtSl" ddd d I fed dfdd 



ddd dfcW fe dfe dWd (Lvov) d fed tTW dd 
H'ddl fedd dfedW d I fed dfdd fet §feW dfe dtft 

dfet, dfe fedffed ddt d Ud fed dfe fefdO'H fed dd 
d UfejdW fedd 1524 dt. W fddW d dfe fd dW 
fe fed dfdd fe dddT did 1 " I 0)H Hd fed Udfe fed 
HTdddWdtlfeddfdg 1 1772 dt. fed fed WddN 1 " 
W ddfd dfeW >Hd 1920 dt. fed fed dfdd Udd fe 
^Ud fe ffed 1 fdWI H77 1939 fed H^feld dd fe 
fedfe mfe fed H4W dd few 4fd dd fed dddd 
dTdddT W dt foH 1 d I ^til ?fet fedT dddd fed fe ddt 
*dH'* dfdW few I 

THfed 1 ddfeUS" fed ddd dt HdddUdTi" 

feddd dl fed ddd fefetfefefdt dWd/tdd fet 

U'HfHdl d dd ?dd^ fetW <^Hd' HWfed W fedfefdTd 

ddd dl ddTddT dW dfdd dt Tfe 1 fdfdfe" OH'fdW 

dfew d Ud fed dt fed dSfet dfet W fefed^ feraw 

0 

>Hd 18 felfetd tfH?fedd fdTdWTJffe fet dfdd fet 
Wdtdd 1 " fe Udtd dd I fet fed HdtdH" fedfetffefdfet 

HdHlfd did 1 " few d I 

Wfe - 2,18,000 (1991) ■ 

49° 34' f . ffed.; 25° 37' U. fed. 

d. y. - flfe. fe. K 1 ". 11: 647; fd. ffe d. 5:346 

ddU'd : ~ U'fofHd'd fe dfefdHdW 

UTd fe Hddfel Hdf5" W fdW d I fed W W dfdd fedd 

•. o 

Hdd-HddT d I fed few UfW TIW HddW ffefe W 

— o o 

fed fed 1 " Ht I fedd fefe fedd dfdW fed fet d«"- 
ffeddt ddd 1 " dl fed fe Odd dfd Udd ffed Udt 
Hdd 1 ?! UdHd Hdt Wddt ddt dUd ffed ddWddt 
HdW fed ddd tfedt d I fet dWd, fe, Ufdd >Hd tfe 
dt cTHd dtdt fefet dl Uf Ud fed fet fed dfet 
Udfod d I fed ffe^ 1 " UHd 1 " fe fdlTdd d 1 " UH¥ ddd 
dl 

d.y-’Tfe. ft. H 1 . 12 : 48 

ddU'd : Jjffea" — irfdHWd fe dfefdHWd 

fed fed HdWT Hdd fe wfdHWd fe fet W fe ffefe" 

0 

W fedd >Hd UHUdt Hdd-HdW dl fed fedd dHd 

— 

dfew fed fedW WJd dd dfeW fe dt dfe 0 "d 
fedddl 

fed fe Wd dWH" fe Udd fed Udd 1 fet sf'dl 
UdWd Ud ddd fed Uffe fet Hfet Uffe U^d UdK 
ofdd dt Iddfe d I fet SdTWdT 300 fdHH dfef Udfe" 
ft-fddlW 00 I HcWd d 0^ 'U d 1 Ud'<t 1 Hdf5", dW 
Hfedd Ulfe fed fedFK UJd fet dfet tUdfeUT 
feHdd 1 dd! Ofed-UgH fed fed Hfed Hdd 1 " ddt 
Wddjd Uffe c Wd dUd 4ft dlW-UHH fed UH7ft dW 
dfdW dfew d I 

UfWdt - 52,000 (1981) 

62° 60' f. fed.; 26° U. fed. 
o.y.->>fe. ft. H 1 . 12 : 48 




y3#>f3 fe Hfe >H T feF 



286 



ir Htw >>pfgF - raw maarau 

#■ fey 2 Ui^t HTTHU W mHW 77#, Hta H3Hy UWtw 

#fe3Wdidyy3wyu#7HKfea Qh #fefefgy 
ttTdim 7 ' FfT m3 mddlHH £ feurt 2 dH'dl HTTHU S 1 " 
#3^ HUfem 1 ' Ht I fey £ §H HVT € ofet feddd' £ 
dyQa fgyy3ftyyfw#3ywy##f#y7#3 
gy 1 feyf awr 3 vita mS# y may 3 feycid of# 
ffemmmddli#?7ftw#3f^y fe#U377y>f Hta 

urf# £ ansa^ - y way y Hut utw ! fey yt fgffe 
>> 7 ? crawl m3 333 HTjar y 1#? 7 gwir y cruft fgy 
nrfdPyifeH’dfi'fHd^d 1 y fUWrfeWdlddl 33 33# 
y uut 3 1 ymy ft# fern 1- feTm 1- i udTiw mu ugAdi^ 
y far## f f33w hh 1 Hays# fey feyw aafetywu 
uk of# i uwy y #*• f frr#^ 3 wmy, ww S 
f#3H77Hyfeygnyy#|f#3 1 Hmwf#H77TOfe 
yt ef 3 yaw s’ yid'w 3 fedluu 3 ma3 3" feyyy 
afern 1- ] fey £ yysd st fufet feat a# m3 gSuw 

o(d 1 folrt S fdd<t 3 Hmy feo( H 1 dl FW <Vtt feJT y 
HsPcfTd' of# - fdPH r I 

mayi3U st H3 3 U T m3 HSH3 mferHHHJ 3 
feyf huh# e us - 3 ay fs3 r m3 yjw wa 3 

fedu feu «d'dl fey fed ytam 7 farm 1 ’ 1 

U.U.-fr. fe. H. 5:317 

d3Htt r #H : U T f#3 T 77 fey 1# #33 (UH77 
mUd'W) S' f#J fey ddUW ft# 3 7733# feu 
yfaw fua t# w u HaSsur 3 T fey, fea fear in 
3 1 yy gw fear hu 1 * a#ua 3 24 fer. Ht. 3 mw 3 

50 #. Ht. 3 cfefe 31 fen If#? 2664 Ht. (9,000 
f?)3y»f3 132 Ht. (445 #3) f# 3 1 feu #333 y 
33-333 40 fer. Ht. (25 HtW) MU' dgdl 1 frHH fed 
11.1 fH«1m77 HoT3 f3 U# fed6' o(dc5 St HHdM 1 
agaft m3 9.3 fewtmw #3 f? u#t fee# era# 
sfew 3 T fem r o#i fefet m3 dd# sw 3fem r 
fe3 sistm^ y H3 3 #H 3%3F I fen 3 3377 77^ 

52,000 5cT3 3Ht77 U# U3 W 3#3Tt m3 S3133T 
H33 fe# £ Q6'0i' U#3n fe3 #H 350,000 #3 
3>ft 3 T f#5T 3333 m3 2.1 ftfetwi fettl'd HS# 
CysfesFi 

§nt3 3 fer fen 3 uy 3 33 7737 1,000 
f>#m?7 arfurn 1 - # S hw mwTi # tr#3ft 1 

U.y.— d'fdHd'A-HH #?>># 

dMd<t : fe3 ferryyf fesyr §y3 nt f# 

3 T fe3 T ayr fd^fes* nt 1 fe3m r H #■ 3 33 st n-^'dl 
arfern 1- arayr nt 1 fen w ay f# ?fe w fear yafe3 
drt'fern 1- o(dd r nt 1 fear yat feo na 3a?7 ?fet yaa 
fearS y myniar fear yany y 7 57303 fe# 3 au ay 
hh fe na fepy 1 33 1 3303 na fepy y #r # H3 
fug 1 fea UH77 1# 3 fepy fer fen st H3 y l3>#a 
fern £ yffern 1- 3 #? fea hw feara^fmr yt fear 



yy 3 hw affemT fepy fe# £ f# S at yurt 
3fed'fem T i fen ft# yfe# £ mn## fenddl# 
< 5 '« W3H S feid 1 ara fs# m3 Qcy 3 fey uuury 3 
ajy a t f# 3 ujy #3 aat m# uar#y 7 # mar 
y yay aar fyy 1 fedHg | ^m t £ On w a# Sy 
af# m3§y yt §H3#y ttht mar ta y#t w a 
dial 1 

a.u.-f?r. fn. a. 

dd'A' : HU U3F aUT (ya3) 3 §377 #S #3 

^377-f yw aw uawt §ua fesa yfea 3 70 fer. nt. 
(44 hIw) sa gfepy afem 1- yfea a 1 fea yfea yaw 
yaw a fuay hwiw yyya muya 3 aur-arw 
saaa hw 53 yt yaarya yaya 3 feu yaw 
(Mahal) 3 T yya-Huar afew uay yt 1 #r yy feyy 
y Sar# rft 1 fugw yarw uw 3 ywarafet wy #ar 
fgy fey yfea £ TTaiy-aaw cracr fwltpy afem 7 a 1 
yaw yfyy ffes fey yfea 3 ufet gw aw y fermar 
u# 3# ai feu yywH# 3 few m3 few 3 
maruw u# 3 U3a gt fewy 377 1 is #yytfgyfea 
yfea awe# 3 uu3 #3 m^rn 1- m3 fea ft# yt 
awt mfewy yfet # Hyaa 3feta ffey uf yarw 
fdo 1 1 awt mfewu yfet £ feu f#7fe3aarga yya 

# fyfet uaufet m3 yau3 wt wawai mfewry 
yfet w fed yfea majwt TTWut, Hold' yfet st yyt 
ffey ufeta 3 #■ 3 fyy ufet 3#3 a# £ fs#i 
fey ft# 1849 at. 3U fea fey ufara yt yfeta 
fdd 1 1 H77 1902 fed fed fHfyuwat yfwm 1 " I 

mufet-lS^SV (1991) 

23°20' f. ffey.; 76° 05' U. 3#. 

a. u - feu. 3T. fey. 23 : 249 

dd'cv : feafeu3#3 T m , yrAH arfe* affey 
ffea aft3 # w 3 f , 3 , 7 ft, yfy, 33, 77 , 77 #, 3 1- faa 
m# yy# yt gaw u# 3 # ai cfet gw yaaar 
3uw 3+ feafear 3 hw safe fgy aru 3 # 3771 
aafeafe fey #y 33 ayt a 1 fey aafew fgy Sm y 1 " 
yyd Hddg a 1 33 wm fed mayatw uw 7 £ ufaw 
ffet mfemar yt sy ust ai 33# yt Sm yf# yfan 
gu#y 3+y U77i #t 33 Sm fey fyaw y tw t £ 
ya ttw c<fdd a?7 1 dd'cS 3 uw mauafw aw uau fen 
di'fenl fey ya m3 sm yt urrAd 1 uyt ai fey £ 3 

# fey gfemr farur a :- ufew 1 - yyfet m3 yya 1- 
mya 1- ! fwwarfesrmar uau fwwapfwyft# 
yy wm fed d'di y dd'6 1 na ua fyy aw 3 yaw 
ysaTraTwai 

a# fe, 3 T way fe m3 77f fe m# f 33# 
H33UfyU377l 

— s 

^J. y.- Hdlld H'Hd? (s^'dl UfddV ) “ W*c/1 

dl^U* I 




287 



dd'-to : UgHt-geaf Ht HUTOT fee 

wM'ir? 4,500 fg. at. ftH-UHH feg farWHaH 

ayrr t Jar t gwdi<* fua gfenr afaa a fean 7 
fdiwaaaaruiirt d'l-iu'csl a i fea 23 g. fg. at. age 
feg tfw>>r afem 7 S ' 1 fea ?uw >h# fefe>Hg gaa 
ai fee uauww »t rrfanrug Ikwt w 3 1 

feww aw-fee g >MHW t fHWHt St HHg 7 gt 
Hgrfugai 

Jet ai fen aajrft eat get «d'ul fee eruttrr 
a feu 1 gen w^t ayge aer iHHatg 7 e Hd'^l 5 # a 
•eat wefet w# nt 1 fen ge aiy £ ayeat niwst 
et aawa ai fan ga awir ft geuat yeddito 

U 77 i>t y 'dl fdofl ft Hdtf'dl OsJc^'dd U 77 I fed gt 

gut - ga 1 a elf cswlwetw et a 1 ge yaetn gf fee 
ga tie jv> 1 

wf - 25,100 ( 1993 ) 

1 ° 30 / f . feu.; 173 ° 00 ' v. we. 

ZJ-. y - an. >>t?r. 18: 178; >fa\ fe. H 7 . 11:560 (1985) 

fd Hof : 3 HrfHS- Ware fea feg HdHgHt 3 W 

*v as *- = 

t, faanHataalaaHgdei feg gW WHf gfHW'6 gt 

qar gagfe 7 g^ferr ua gfeaa a feet alt a 7 

Kit I toHg'fHdd a f=lHc( f Hgddl rtfel Mdl 
oft 1- >Ha Hate H>t agaar uae 7 fet 7 ! ee fa 
Hgtiai e Aeetg uafeiir 3 + feea £ fH§ at gain 
fig fee 7 ! ffag £ get £ i» a a une cftati 
fgaginaa a iirue au a uarg aw fang £ ana 
feg at Be fed 1 a fa fa at *fdd tapir iwa fee at 
wear tapir a far aa aar fagr-ag-fia wag fee 1- a i 

afaga inoH'd err Ha fea a fg aawaur e 7 
uae afeoirga fean eat maa ua atr wat at, e 
fua 7 a fae 7 fea garaa ee g aani tea 7 far fa 
eirw a eg i fea Hd'u e 7 Heg 7 afawga erne 7 
?awafaa war finr 1 fea gt fare 7 ifel far feg ga 
aftipga a gfeaa at aif Ha g fae at yaa 7 £ 
ygfet a w-f gt yaff i gfeaa £ fea afw a ieaar a 
g faa nrfw fer ufew 7 fat wia fearawaar 
afta 7 fer feg aafet feaaat f wia ura w >>pfe>>F ta 
i faa faet aif a aa tea 7 >aa ta faa fae 7 aar 
fae yaa 7 £ ggJea 7 rra w gt tro 7 ! fea faa 
garaa ga?r gag fae 7 tea faag aftw ?pe 7 ai fea 
gt fga 7 fee 7 a fg feg ga fgag’laaa a fa^t rraa 
£\ afet Hafaa tt afaarga (ffag) a aea gfat 
at i fea wt feat fgagiaea £ ya a g fa £ ufgaa 
ofta 7 rra fae fea 7 et aeratet a faf few 7 fee 7 1 
fea faag £ ggcff-ga e aar aueaa 7 teat 
gfiw sa fwa ofta 7 fea et ga" aw uataeea 
e 7 ewa afear i 

a.y.-H. t. 606 . 



feaw 7 

fdHd'A ?r’ earn ‘die : fea feg ufaa 
aafetat reagga >na ggt at fea a aafeftat 
gwargt aant £ eaa fea 7 ! fea £ aafeg 7 w’ 
aaafeta gt fga 7 ee 7 ai fea arena wrHTaa fge 
w, 1601 1 . fge afeia 7 ! n aw at faa fge fea 
H'dgfea wz gafoffen a 7 feet r?ga afe»r ua 
gat at feg wafet gaa gag fea a fearwa fge 
rwgaa ga tea 7 tapiri fea e 7 etga aa 7 ingra 7 
fea 7 atfewi aa 1621 fge wat i 3 g gt att 
fewe a taaaia, safe uafta 7 1 aafer e aa gwowt 
tig 7 gfer fea a gt laait fga afetaw fge 1 we aa i 




tenant aaafeta 

‘Marianne’ (1636) eat >Ha ‘La mort de seneque’ 
(1644) fea e aaa at age ?reg aai fea e eat 7 
a 7 geat fga 1 ftp>pa ai fen d 1 6 ae 7 aaea ne 
ewa at ua feaet faae lira gag uae at aat i fea 
get at aa a et 7 at i nruet ewe fea a fge at 
war feet w aet aiafet at arwe fge i aeaa, 
1655 a ufaa fge fea t it a afet i aa 1643 fee 
fea a ‘La Page disgracie’ W 7 a 7 a%-efe?ft a T gW 
fwfw fea fee i>ruet iirgeaft £ aea ear 6'W 
feefann 

rr. y.->if?r. ja. h 7 . io : 131. 

ftHW ; fea ^a aaa e aeft Hawr aafeta 
at hw at i aarea 7 Ju at aw gfer fea gt U3at at i 
e?feir at uaua 7 iHaae uewe a fg aa 24 ae 7 
etur Hfe gfer rrue araa air tow a gt 14 aa 
aua w aa i fea 14 aua feag affeara e yraiHa 
at afgtr att gae aa i en anfae fee fecf aufaur 
a 7 upa fega iirfe 7 ai ea uaa fee aaa 7 a 
eagJerr ft >>t aaiyatr et>ir algtonr e 
uaferr fee fe<y autorr a Qgfdor e 7 feefaiir 
ewai 



288 



^fdoidl afa 

fea 14 for uaraaa (l) fear nta - afet 
(feaw dF^KF tob fFHF wro F 7 ufear a) ; 

( 2 ) fear HFF H 75 F fe 3 W H¥ UW 3 H 77 t WoF 3 
(ffidrf 1 for ara a 7 UFtar a far uf 7 of ?w aa 7 hot 
§ feww Ft 3 H 77 t uaw araar 7 ) ; ( 3 ) fear sw 
wdt / 1 Hia ana na (fen a 7 wf a far hw wja 
www fa feF uojf araw) ; ( 4 ) fft? f #77 f tfet 
>hf tt 3 fetw a hf 7 araF 7 afe at fefe w sarafe fefe 
(fan 3 TF f t UFtar a far wfa ?w hw aar atfe a 
aw hh hf 7 aa?w) ; ( 5 ) huh narat we far a 7 
fear HF ; ( 6 )"fe 3?7 HfeH fefe 7 F 77 ; ( 7 ) ana f feaw 
fff 7 afew Haw (a fen ow a 7 UFtar a far wfw 
fw 7 fed 7 hot a urfepawF 7 a 7 aw 7 Fa araar); ( 8 ) 
fear hhw fw (HFHfea feafe wwa), fe hfIw a 7 
fear 3 w (feaTfea feafe wthh) ; ( 9 ) uwt F r afew 
afew fear ysfdat urs 7 (fe^- ^ fe- gw pfet 

aafet ?rw tthhh ataa); ( 10 ) few a fwwr nfea 
few wtw ?tw afe 3 fe fear ata (afet Ifffw fen 
f fea ww feefe an far ana a fuan 7 Ft Hfeanfe 
fewn fe H 7 a r fera fhht 7 ) ; ( 11 ) afewHHFa (fn fe 
uas feTW?r uojf ataa); ( 12 ) atfew- afew fear 
Hfea fe afe; ( 13 ) atfew ?>w afew afew fear Ffe 7 
(f Hat Ihtwf, Hat fFHFW htf nat WH 3 <?r 
a 7 ufear a) ; ( 14 ) ujt fe hff ?tw hf afe few (kw 
wufe fewwr ?tw hfh fe 3 H 77 fefer) fedfea 7 fe 
felf fFH F aa HU 77 HF 377 ftHc ^ 1 fFF" fec( fefew 
HfF WTH 77 FUF HTOTF HUUd Ht >HF FF 7 UFfe 3 W 
afaF FFfaw f Haas 3 t f ?tw hhuf at i 

a.y.-nts. fa. h 7 . 10 : 131 . 

dfdcuT d'QcS ; fea aaa f araaraar aar f 
fFarHaraa few f 7 few nfea ai afearat f 7 yaw 7 
nfea fen f ^aa-afen arp - ffefe Hfea at mf 
fea Ft hhhjtt 7 12 ¥f afet fea artfet afet at 1 fea f 
a r> HF fea arfepfe a 7 fhf 7 uf 7 fea 7 ! 

few 1 w aawuFF f HdF'd' fe fea 1659 at. ffea 
afea htf farw HFwfe»r i H 77 1761 fea aFanrafe fe 
fea fa araF 7 ara few i an 1899 ffea fea ff hf- 
aar hf fw 7 tw afea fhffw F^aft araa 7 w fea 7 
aia 77 1870 afea ferfawwatai 

HTHfet - 25,364 (1991) 

13 ° 43 ' §■. fea.; 75 ° 49 ' y. fea. 

a.u.-feu. 3 T. f§F. 23 : 251 

feorfet : fea UF F HHF 7 F HF F afWH 7 a- IF 

= fFS, yat= afe i awr Cwfea f at faw aw 7 - hf, 
hf HiF fh fea Farfenr affea 7 a i ff Far awr few 
ajw f few fea afear afeF 7 a ff Far fa Karat 

IHUF TTUt FH HoTF 7 1 fFW dl<J ' Ft 3 TF FFF afe Ft 



fafenr fua »nw artlwr 7 at aa Karat ai Hfea 
s'su f^ tfefefeoratFHdddF ituf ara ?7 Tfet a 
Ft HdF fea FW F 7 fUFH fFF 7 a I 

ara fea fd§dl gant nafe feffe>a w afe i 

(at awv 

fea F^feafe Ft fuarw f W feuafe far 
Ffe 7 a i 

'Haw 7 fens" nan f Hafe 

ajauawat feaat fa i (aw w h. 3 ) 

w Ffer 7 fea 7 aa 7 f wj f 7 huw ?t 'few 
arafefe 7 a 1 fen hwhh 7 f utra a fea-lFHat ara 
aat a >hf hotw fea nwaa f 7 aa sat afaF 7 1 

rr.U.-H. a\ ; f&. IT 7 , t. ; 3J. H. 3. 

fdd a : fea fe77 aafefe wfe uaw fe afaF a 
fewa (fe + fa) f 7 OTHfear HfaH fe77 + aafef 7 f 1 
fen Ff Ffer fe?7 fas aafer f 7 feua 7 aw f 
uaw 377 fefe fern uaw f fear 7 afwH 7 afea 7 a i 
at fea aafea ww at Fftma Ffe 7 a >hf fen a 
sTHF F 7 FWH3 Hfea (aWHHW) Ft fFH Uafet 
FfePH 7 afeHf 7 3 F 7 7T 7 Ft feFH 3 1 

H.U.-K. t. 

fedld 1 : fea feF FF 3 F 'WF 7 ’ HfF ‘MF 

f 7 at au a i fea fea uat aaw- h, ar, sss, s wfe 
a KfF feaa feaa few at a far fen fea aa fw ft 
few wtra at fe77 ff arfea 7 ai fen ff fe gtr ; 
FFH HW ffet Fafew 7 Ffe 7 3, fFF" — 

~ = =c ’ 

f f did i h a afta I 
aaawiFFFWi 

(aw 

fuaw ara 7 fea 'feaTF 7 ' fe ‘afet’ htf ‘an 7 ’ f 7 
Ft fFF 7 feTPf 7 a i 

a.y.-H. a. 

feffe ; fFRy - fea FUWUFHt FWF 
fefeat feaw aw a 7 fear few a few aat?7 tt 7 

o 

fea uawt afet fewra f fea awfew few 

fefe a 7 §77 UdaFF 3,032 F. fe. Ht. (1167 F. H 
HfF Wat 27,37,311 (1991) 3! feH F 7 H3F 7 i 
FaFHFt HFW 7 F 7 3 1 fefe F FF77 Hf fea fee 

yafe fan fea ufent urw few uafetw wf a 
3771 fen w a 7 Hfaa fafe a 7 Haa-HaaH ai ufeh 
fea f aar f 7 hu uf 7 a i fw htf TTafew fea 7 

HU 3HW 3771 fFF fea §¥ 3 F F5T fafedT 
fearfHF 377 1 

rr.y.-na. fe. H r . ii:92i 




fdyd : H Pod — feu 7113-U6fHf sCdd 7 ci <dl 

tht §tif eM^e fa^ t 7 htt-ht^ 71 nfar 

37 3 3§t 20 foT. Ht. 37 § fee/' IJo'df TM 7 ^ ^fHM 7 
dfeM 7 71 373- 7 U5>ft 37 §fet ?fw fcTH?7 

ut^s 7 nfad Msm 7 ww 7 1 few w H^feg- mth 7 

‘ST - Uf§37 ITO’ I fe7 feef ?W M3 HH^TToT 
§37 7i u3 T j?t §t firor §3\^d'§o'y t 7 htt 71 
fefjOTWHfTMFJI 

ftfM'rt 3 f§ feiH H fed §t old UdHd'H 3;7tff Ht I 
fen Hl77 ffed SHt-felW UTdcS'^ ^OfTtM 7 33 
feny 7 f^T 1 1760 St. f§7 fen 3HfdO (Zamorin) 
7 T oJHiJT, 1776 §t. f§7 H773 §t 3>F3 33 377 
7t 73 T 7 3H3 7 , 1789 Ht. fed Tty H37 r cS T 7 3H3 7 
Mid H7 331 H3 1774 fed Hfad M3 Hfold dt 
f§BH7t cftdt dfet I 

yfgfeTT Hfod fed H3t §U§, d^W, 317 §73 
7 M3 1373 77 '§7 7 3 T 7t[ 7 3 >73" tw 7711 fed 

3H»W gftl^dfHdl 3 r ff hhh3 13 thth, fear 

wfeH M7 M3 dfe-fefeTMHSd 7731 73 1 H33 7 M3 
7W 7 THT 7 Hfad 3713 7 Waft fdfaM 7 >)7 7H 7 
M7|3t 5W 1317 dldM 7 dfeM 7 it I 

MTdt- 81/798 (1991) 

10°30' §\ fed.; 76°13' U. 37. 

H. U.-feV. 31. fed. 24:48; >>t?l. fe. W. 11 : 921 

PdrHd 1 (fcfVfef) : fed feffeFH MTH^ fed 
fee/ 37 H sPM 'ttl TFIHSl Ht I fed §117 fd Odl tHd 1 
U'dO c(dO fesHwci dt fed 33 MH3 ^'fdoc 

fed fed 7 33 dfedt Ht M3 §H dt H3 df 7 317 H77 
377t Ht I feH $ ‘U7H73 7 ’ §t 3f37 771 1 

I . 5fet 7TH 7 fed feiTT 7 3 T 7 ^ 7 Hfell 7 dt 
dfet dfHM 7 fdTM 7 71 

2 . fed T 7 fedS - fet fdTT 7 7 fTH 7 fd3 UfdM 7 
fed H3H 7 , feH3 M3 fe^" dfdd 771 1 

3 . yyf^d 3TH 7 fed fe'S 3 fed dl 73 cS'rt 
Mtl3Sft3 T f7PH T 7l 

7.U.-H. t. ; f&. fa. 3. ; Tfd. 3. 

f : 7713 333 3dt TdtM 7 7 77 fe§3 3 
‘f3?37 fed 7 TTT 7 7 f3H T 7 M7H ‘fe ffet 

feHddlM 7 7t fectdd3 ' ’ 3 71 1H7H f 7t 

U73t’ fed 7 W HoTT 7 7 U7 MTfel7 feH T 7 fe^HT 
UJTT 7 H 7 fed 7 7 1 

t%7 TTfeM 7 3 Mnt MHJ^tM 7 ysftM 7 f 
oT33" T 7 c/H yM'dlM 7 , feM'dlM 7 , HTtM 7 H 7 ^ 7 - 
7 T 7tM 7 , M7U3 7 3 HfeM^ fe^Sfelf 7 H3 ? o/TTtM 7 
731 fed feoT 3^" T 7 fW feUHf Hd MR 1 ' 7 WW 3 1 
15713 3 UfdlT 7 H3 TtM 7 UStM 7 , UTT-UiT, T^- 



T 7 ? c?7^ fjq# fdHTH TfcfcT 7 7# ; ^Tt-^Mt §717- 
§717 cftltM 7 rfeTtM 7 73 1 f3?3 7t §fet fHMfet M73 
dt fed £H HTTCt 7 fer ? 7 7t-? 7 7t 77 feoT TtM 7 
UStM 7 7 37 HH 1 fH7 ¥37t 771 HfetoT 3 ITC §33, 
37 3 TT3 3 HT 7 § 333 M3 Sift 37 U 7 §3 f§7 
f§HH Tift 77t 7 1 

77H 7 3T3 7 feHddlM 7 3§t H73 flMfT 7 §H 3 1 
M3 §t 37H 7 7ft3 H7T7 7 7 1 

oPdldld' 3 7 3t ^dfet 
f§73 77TW 7 tidtf 7 H3 7 feM 7 
f%7 f%7 HT 7 fffetM 7 HO'fddl 
dtfTM 7 333 33 7 feM T 
Ht3t 7 3^ 77 THoTT 7 
3317 fed H^'feM 7 
33 3 old 3t 

37 7 3 r 7 7 7 ffeMTJMTtTM 7 ! 

fW TTtd 7 7 f3¥3 MHT 7 71 f3?3 fdT 3dt 
>e'd Ttfe 7 7 r 33, 7t §U f§7 773 7t M37 3 
333 d'dilM 7 7 7r§3 7t dylrtl fVR5t"H7 dl^'TtM 7 7 
37)t HTt 3; 

y M TTUT 7 
7 1315" del 3d 1 f§ ?3 ? 

33Hfet33 
§3HtHt §3 



t%3 f?7 HdfeH 7 7TO7 7 TTT UTtM 7 731 feH 
ffe7 fil3 TtM 7 MTS’ Hid tS 1 ^' §*3 fed'd ^dfed 1 7T 7 
7 1 fefe3 ffer H7T3 7 , fed 'fed', Ttf 7 M^ 7 ¥t dft3 
dlfe H'7 73 I TTF §33 'S'ftl 37t fed M1F3 3T7 7 

7- ‘3 K 3T 7 T^t T 7 1533 7 ?F3 ?t cT3t’ I 

§73t §33 ^Ht T 7 fed 3fe 3 §117 7 H oftd 7 T^T 7 3 
f§ “M3 3T 7 3M3, 3W HdtM 7 1” f§?3 37 333 
dOd llfeu 73, fil'd 

HT T 771Ff^3 7 7 7 H77 7 7 3tH 7 7 

fTPf 7 3^ UlfeM 7 Ht TTM 7 HT 7 

T^dt 3 iffetM 7 TjfetM 7 , 

HO 'd 3 UjfeM 7 Ht H7 7 d 'd , 

TkFS 7 3 UffeM 7 Ht 77H 7 HT 7 freS 7 T 7 HTTT 



H. U.— Uyd §t ttem'd 1 § UfTTt yfeo-oldArild 
PS § 83 Tftd-TU 7 ? 7 ; U.-cTO 7 ? 7 1 




290 



fts Its 

fofe fefe ferey-’ 

*» 3 

>H3 fefeyyTTT’ F 1 - ot ju f i for f wz ffs of 077; 
U3t ffs 77, gt 1 1 1, ISS feyFtttfefeFtFifeHF 
fe F 1 " yF77 yys gxr feF yt7 uraF w yic5c<<j<t 
fftt 1 - ‘f^s fes’ ufe ft ofe ti 

Qydde yfe - 

fdci feS did I fed: feci did I 

^TS SS fet I FS SS fet I 

(OOFF) 

o.y.-H. t. 

fe3'>>nr3TJr : ftjfeyFyFTHTfeoffeTHT 
* *. 

yFS?7 foortF fee- fesy o 1 wh hf f fen ft ntcr 
feFF 77^7 Ot Ofe F I fey fZW fey fefw ft ft ‘feFF 

$ w& f ftfo»t £ fen 3$r hf fey nt fan 3fr f^3 

t yF Ffef Fifed” 1 f nfenr Fit r 

fey yy WHOF >HFT?7t £ FF77 fe 5# OF ujt H 
yiyty § U3H 5JF77 F 77H7 EHS, ftfe 3 ffe3 
(Ufa'S 7 , ffe »ffe fetfe) Ft ufet t §3U3t ttfetl 
Wdl*! t dF* Ft H^PF t Ufet fed HF fed' fi-IH 9* 
f377 FTFfe Ft §3U3t M tf'ft fe?t Ft §3U3t 
IFSt (>>PH) fe UFt Ht, feF ffet fof f HPUfeGT ftfe 
feH 1 " Ht I fey fF77 fe[fe IFSt BS ffet UF 3" few HT3 
UF fey Ft ftFT fW I W t UF F yF $ W 7FW 
HF cTF fed 1 3 t H feF UF fed ?T r fec(«> Ht UF fed 
Qd) 1 S’ dF cT y dl ^I'H'ftl (Vtt yF 3 1 H 'dd HP" fePH 1 " I 

TTttt HFFt HP 7 FF feF bfd'cil OF 3fr 01 fey 
< 'd rTF" fed fd7> sfd 1 y«' fet 75W FF Hrt 3^ 0^' "§ 
ydl tTFiFH ttdll I fed H'd feol yF d M UFF yf3 f-^3 3" 
yF fW UFt ^F F mfe FF 1 ^ f fF3 r l feF F 
FF 1 ^ S' feF Fi - F' feF'F FFK dFF F 5FWF feF feF 
£ FF f%F FF »1F |F F yF 3 FT# FT UFfeT FF 
FWyFWWlf^^FFfFyFFtyid'UcS' oft3t>H3 
Ort 1 Ft KFF cVM FF 3 1 FFJF fedrt ^1 1 fedf I 

F.y.-fSr. fH. t. 

fdcVlfe 1 ^ : feF FfeF HMdd FFT yiFFtoT F 

♦s “ 

Fifet FFFt ytF d'Sd'sT (Colorado) Ft ?5FT WffelF 
(Las Animass) 00 G fel F 1- FFF-Hcrvr F fedd 1 UyfFW 
(Pueblo) 5P§fet F FtfF f^F 1,836 Ht. (6,025 Hfe 
£z) Gfe - fePF F HFTFIdt FT dfdFF UF^ (Sangse De 
Cristo Range) F Of 1- feF SU1F LdHdfed FfdOF F ^F 
3" nfeld F I dfe<*> FF (Raton Pass) F SF 8 d' F ^S 
(Santa Fe Trail) F *'« cVW HFF c(dft F'rt FU'dl , 
fwfet >H3' U r Si' fet dt UFW ofFF H77 I H?7 1870 
feF fe% Hfer F FS% Sfete fesfet dfet W3 feH ffftlF 
Ft FS Ft yr^-yFfet Hd'Hd'cSl F FFF FF fF3 
FFt I HF 1900 feF fet §S Ft WZ UFr F FPF HF1F 
fet swi - yfe vrfe uot eras f GfCif, |f uferfHFi, 



feF Hci'GF, ftfet Fiwr FH3T few Ft3t»F FPl 
SFfferiFF 1925 feF fet HFF F7feHF HFfe effe 
fFP>F I fet Ft»F F HF GIFT F7T : H^F Ft| 
(1869), UTfe?fe>IF fefFtWH, F?>r F^fe (1882) W" 
fed oi'dHrt feGtild-fH I 

yfWt-9^663 (1980) 

37° 13' f". feF.; 104° 31' U. SF. 

F.U.— MF. ft. VP". 11 : 926 

fdrtltl't! Ttat : dfdylWT HW F q 
Ftst fet feF fed F Z T UW FT FT F fedd 1962 ; 
feF WTTF FH F 3F 3 FtHH FF I Sy FUSt WHStc 
F FH tFHHS 1 ' F TTHFfe Ft GfeF-VFH Hft 
077 I felf ^Ft Fry»f- ft F3FFH 5,124 y. ft. H 
Hf3 Wfet 1,261,000 (1992) FI 

fefe F77T syyp fet fdfelF'F 4,82iy. ft. H 
(1,861 y.Ht.) ydd'FW yw Fry FI feF t?7FtST : 
3FFT77 H'Qq WH HdUdH H'Od yfet d'dl ?y dd 1 c 
FHOf fe7 SF W t ftOFT >HF HFfeW ffe 
f<*lF'F t 33 ft. Ht. GfeF-UFH Hft3 FI fe 
Fy 41 ft. Ht. W>H3 11 ft. Ht. FF 1- F I 

ft7 d'Hq'fel UFF-Wy-mfe F I 

f->H T ^r3t f%fep>p?7 

f^Wfedl Ut fed feol 3^‘ F'S tyst WHFtc 
Ft ty qF3t FT ot fey fetT 077l fHTTtFTF Ft > 
Ud'Hrtl FFF feH Ffet USH t yOH Ft fFHT fe 
Islw GfeF ys Ft»t yorytyr f?7I feTf ^ ^ 
Oyyl 940 Ht. F>H3 FTPS tts FSFI feH 
fesy Fry £ tFF >H3 FHS feF F OF FFH 
SttbP 077 1 feTj 1 fe* 1 UdH dl Stfet 77^7 Ft fetl 1 
tTS-ftyOT fedU'dd OF 1 - F I Fry F Ffe>H T y + Ft FH 
tt SHfet 80 ft. Ht. 3y o 1 

Ftfr t77Ftsr fe yfett>H77 H'fdsl stt ~n 
f^lF'FFtGfeFtsttFTFtfey feny'd fih 77 ft 
fen Ft U¥fet feHHd 1 F H GfeF-yFF t FyS-Us 

ys 1st ott f 1 fen feF sfet hff ffw 077 1 

ysyry - fd *tF 1 F >H3 FHOt §HS FF fe 

W *> 35 

Hft3 077 UF fet Ft VfSfey HW3fF77 Ol HSyi 
FFyfe H3 t FF HFfy 077 W3 FHJH^ 20° H. OFT 
FFfe GfeF-UFF F fesfe - feF 375 H. Ht. FfH Ue 
FS F F3F fW feFF 125 t. Ht. OFtFI 

H*H03t W3 tfty-H3‘ — fey HH feF c 

m 

tHS-ytt Fc7HU3t tTFF Ft UF H77 UF fut iFF 
HTF ofFt fet FHfe Ft UFfeTF Hf tttt Ffet I f 
UdH dl Fdd 1 G^d d r S tt Hdlrt UH feF 077 I fe 
Fruyfe F fey-HfeHT feF di d let FF Ufet FUF 0 
fel 40 t yt yq ftHfe F HU fe75F 077 I t fe 
HFTFvfe, tftH, TTU 3 feuystHF fet FUF Ufet 
feFfet 0771 




291 



fefeCFH 



fey feu ?W fw H 7 !/ W fefcafe 

d»yH y c/1 til iH'cid 1 cS'rt Hl/dd-F afeM 7 3 I c( A sh 

fyafa^ HU §3 1498 Hi. fen ufiW fe I §H HH 
feH MHTUUT fSds/]M3 o<ylrt ¥H 3H HcS M3 HUHT HU 
§3 f TUU tfgHl HcT >H T H T F H3I feu fug 1 33T3HT 
300 HHa 3fc? fee 1 /] f 1 f |f3" HfeafM 7 tf oTUH 7 fea 7 I 
ffe^ 3 f^ H 7 ^ life gy ftW3 3 1 " f^U f^ 1797 
Hi. feH fea y<d^ l rt , s1 HH3H1 ga MUf3 M 7 few I 
Ud33yM 7 3 fdAla'a 3 oTHtH UH3 3 Uffea 7 1721 
Hi. fgtl HUHT ^3 UU3 7 did?) Hi MH.<o« cjfwM oil c/1 
Hll fea 1781 fetl HU3T Sd'HlnTM 7 UH5 - > H T fe > >r r I fecy 
3 2taT 3 fe?3 §31333 U3H ? 3? 3 §33 o 13 
feM 7 ! H3 1802 fet) dHdl Q"ci y ydU'cSldf 7 a 7 
oTHiJ 1 " 3 fewi feH 3y HUHT M3 fy/laa 3# 
Hd-d'cSTM 7 3 UH'HH d<5 M 7 did I 

fef HUM 7 §3 UUi/k'3 3 feHM 7 fg3 WH 7 
$ few 3 WH'§& 3l UU 7 U3H3 Hi fa3Ut ffe 1830 
Hi. 3 fUsTA HH3 7 fg3 feu U3H ofH ‘ fed dl HfHt I 
ydd'cSlyf 3 HHT 333 fea feu 3 W 1- fW oPlW 
3l 33- awf UU^hWf §■ few § yat cff3f ifefet 
anil fen fug 1 feu 1 3 uthhh fga auafAl Mfel i fea 

1923 f?3 HU3cf HHcTH 3l UHU3 7 HH 3 3TEl I H3 
1945 fga feu ay y sraafetM 7 afetM 7 i fea 1962 
f%3 fen H^ fefeH arwrtOT 3 MHTC- HUH US HIH I 
fUS 1 1 MHTH3, 1976 3 f3UUAfU3 HfW3 MU- 
<£ 1 fdM 7 feWI rjrt'dl , 1990 f?3 feoT HHfWH fedo< 
ya 1 au-uaa y ufeu ufaf afel M3 iro H3al 3 
^aHTHHfe- H3 7- H 3U>fe ora f^ few I 



ofdddl HU3-Utc'dJl HU3 7 fga UHH3 feu a 7 ' 
au ufsa hi fyatay fea 2 §3feqoruw3 33 
fey fga aa uua 350,000 feafeyn taw fea nra 
offe 7 " 3fe ai feu 1 iAtfett 1 , fetfenfM 7 ", feug^ra, 
nfefea, rafal mhh 3 1 fea Hai^ 7 3 nra affe 7 - Hfe 7- a 1 

H7T 1992 fe3 fet#3a3 fe3Ur377 7.13 ffeal. 

an. it! i MHaraa M3 § 333 ! afe feu 1 3 aa uferr an 1 



U3lwl - fen 3H fga y jfe'rfl a^uafay 
ffe3 ?fel a Hofl 1 feu yaiy*! ferMwuyaa aM3 
uu M3 cS'dlMaa 3 ! Otd'^'d c/Wl 3 't/I a 1 y<v feu 



3I hu shtt ai M?TtT uraa 1 HaT^ 7- u Ay u^y 
aflafey ufelM 7- an 1 



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485, 596 H77; U3 3 1 " 135,100 H77 M3 MVfeflW M3 
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2,74,000 3 8,34,000 a aiyi H3 1946 3 1960 

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ay gg u ferua aa afe afe - aa 1 fea 1992 fea feu 
y Ufeafe 1,261,000 hIi 

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sal faa 7- fewi 

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uu^a yaaa ffel 100 nuiraf uu^a ^fear nua 

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7WW 7 ffefeM 7 fefW 3 :- 

“77W l-FfeM 7 Hftw OT3 f3R33 Ht3” 

(MfewaTHU: 1376) 

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M33WHt (Uf ) Ht I H3RT f#R33 333 O^WfeM 7 U3 
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fdttid* fmu, ftf. : feTMW fefelMW 3 
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sFH 7 feW3T, UWH 3 feH 3 3 ^3 H3 196: 
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H.y.-Efe. 3. H3. 1989- H 7 . ffe. 3. 

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MWHt - 12,452 (1991) 

11° f. %H.; 79°27' U. 3H. 

3.y.-feU. 3. 23 : 397 



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fufer uufefar ut feyfet fRuhr us i fen fu^ - u r 

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HTHfet- 8, 26, 225 (1991) 

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Uy.-JjIU. fel. 27:131; ^t?T. fe. H 7 . 10:134; feu. 3T. 
feU. 24:50; feufe 7 - foWHfe dlfesfid feufe 7 



298 



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MWt- 18,610 (1981) 

11°2' f \ fw. ; 79°52' U. BH. 
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BH. 

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ntem a te sw tet terra ai feir feu uan a ute 

•s 

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hhw anaa 7 HTftra 3 te aw ufeu afewi ag fet a 
fteiHUwfe wa^aHuwa 7 aa3yd'fe’H 7 feTH 
aaa fen fe ‘aia te afet’ te aw tet wfew 7 tea 7 ft i 
aHHH WWfea Hafe aW WU3 Ws^ 

#, }# aij arar TteaH te te nuaa ate few ad^te 
wa fea hw §■ ‘aua’ a 1 " te fea 1 ' i fea fesr Haa 
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te’ a wateftl few teat aite wa ga te ?w 
H'dl ate aia Hate a fea Haa aarst teat at i fea 
naa Ma as r Hawt ate a i 

fea •sH'tft a scdl Hw 1 Wdit! 1 ai tw few fe 
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fe aaaw teaaai 

fea aaw te te? 7 w a ww tea few te a 
ayaa teat at a fea fa a #h a H t aa i aya a data 
a aa ant i ww aKr few at fea ajaaw a ufnfe 
affe Ha fate a te a 1- fea aaa na 3a te fea itaa 

•n U — — 

O'! 

fea Hg'6 a fees yfea naan wa ate aiaaw# 
ns fa# swana tef^a, wawna Haaa wa 
araa^a 7 nan Ha te fete hws a aa i 

a-y.-a. t.; fa. ft. ft.a . 

dWo( : waa a waa ns uat a 7 uaaf fe 
fteaa a Huafna a www aa aaa i (dHof-Q* a 1- 
aat a fa aw 7 ) fea feasro-ft asa a 1 " fea 
nte^yaa w a i aara Haa at a aafa 1 - a a fea a 
fttfl aaa a fe Qo : — 

1. a 1 fear a# 

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4. aatea3# 

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a 1- drt'oj aar Haa taw fecx'u a few 7 

aa r a'Jla 1 a i 

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aa 7 a 7 a 7 afe fejoaa a wnaa sraa 7 a 7 , aa 7 ? aa 
wat srtet a i fa ‘ante aaa fea a tea w ?aa 
naa 7 a i fea a #j a a^aa aaa at ?aa aa a 7 # 



a^aa 

fera# tea at anfe ateaft i aiaa atw 7 3 fann 7 
aa:- 

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a afet ua?>t §" aiaa a aa 7 a a 7 feaa a 7 hh 7 ya 7 
ad a ufan 7 a fa - aiaa awa Ha T a r aa 7 irate at 
aafeat a fete te h naa 7 ai aa fea - hh 7 (feaa) 
ww ate a 7 uat a a^aa awn na a fetrfew 
?fet afaa 7 ! fea # arwa fe uat uate awa te 
aw 7 feaa aa a uat uate aa naa aa 1 

feaa - feaa a h# tea uat uate a na 7 
faa 7 tea 7 a fa fa HHdy'tfl tea cite 7 Ihh 7 aw 
a naa a a uate h 7 naa afet a wa fea aa a 7 
ua 7 teT ate a 7 te 7 aw a te a teana u 7 naa 7 a 1 
feaa a aa tea wna wa tea dt gfeat ai fate 
w §■ Hate 7 wtea 7 a fte a 7 feaa a 7 hh 7 3 
nawfet wtea aa d - (naa 2-228) a fate wate t 
Hte^TfetMtetefte^fe^HH 7 3 nate a (naa 
65-4)1 teu ^ 7 te fefea 4 nate 10 faa a (naa 
2-234) 1 aaw te feaa a hh 1 waa a ute, aua wa 
ftepfea a 7 uaa uat a favt ai 

aTTor wfea - hw naa 7 tea feor te a w 
aaw aa aw te Haa ^ a 7 fea■ , wa ??w 'ante 
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wfew apn 7 tsa 7 a 1 a ute a uate ate te nate 
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teaa a uate a 7 naww 7 ?fet afew 7 te ate a 7 
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aw uate w afea a teat a wa sw ftera 
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a aa# uat ate aaw h h# a 7 te asrw arfea ft 
wa fa^ anw 7 fteaa aa?a iteai 7 1 

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aw faaw ate faaw a araa fa fete teat a fa h 1 
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ww w a aaw a nate a fen t ‘aatete atea’ 
wra 331 a uate Hfaa sa a# te ay aa hw a a 
atea ate te fea f 'yif tefe^a hw’ wte aa 1 a 
uat uate a ateanaw a aww ?f a# te uate 
nate wawa faa a 7 aaat a a wawa ww aa a 
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H 3 H 3 3. uat a 7 teua 7 ua 7 4. aw a 7 feaw- 
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fea aw te Haaa 7. ate fea aa f uaa ?f ana 
aa, ddid' w ate fa f>wa te ate naa a aa wfaa 




304 



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H333 fa F77 1955 f33 ‘f33 f%»F3 >H33’ IFF cftF 7 1 
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fed fori , fary, Frit, Hfat >h i fe h ' d fff 377 1 fen d^ 1 

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Ft f331d1' F3 75Ft »13 T 773 fe3 WFt 3 Fofet 3 : 

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fedri'fed 1 feRTd ^FF 7 31 fe 

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fori , fey, Hoi , Ffat FF77 fa fafat 33 F3) 

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F 7 fecTF 3 313t 3fe >Jf3 feF F 7777 FfalF - 7 
Ftft fU3 fa MHjfat F77 F 7 yFF 7 3fa I 

6. faoT3 fed - fU3 ffa3T F3T Ft fed'd 3, fFF 773 
FTTt fU3 fa H3t35T HW 37ft fF'fa HFFt d 

8 . FoT3 fed fed fc!F U'dfHcr U3 35" HF ' 
FfatHF F 7 fdHfFT d3fa FffaHffet FF Ffe 

9. FF3 fed" ftT3 fesfa 7 FTT 7 F UJ3 fa 1 HFI 
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?F dfd 3fet d ^ I 




§ u 3 T-u 3 ?tF 3s 1 few § M 3 T W 3 fs 3 MdTit 3? 
f§ §3 35357 uw 33 M 3 §3 fesr ms tf few § 
5TH" 3 1 S3 d F<J 33 33 d 7 M tl 1 rtd dtt'c( 3 1 " doO-T 3 
3S5iti fed mint Htuvrat w ddfeT 7 33 § hs 7 3 
H333I 

§ 573 ' w? 3 ifet-ydst 3d 7 £ fe57 1 ?§ § 
35357 33 3 Hd 7 5d 3 >KfW3 IFU^ 7J77I 
nfctl'* 3 T >H3S3 14 3 15 ^ HHFdd 7 3 MfqSfTd ?T 
dfeF 333 T 31 iWf HfsiFd 3 M3S3 15 W3 
d'H fo(H St 6 'dlfdc( tVtt 35 H, rtHtf>, H'd, f&dl, 3773 
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fAdl 3 >>3533 3 FSdcfd 1 TTdF ofld' H'Sdl' 33 fed St 
sf'dd Hdo( 'd 3 Mdd' 3 3337 3 1 " IfeidH ^ ddl 33? fe 
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13(2) MtlF3 33 fe3 >333+ 3 fe5S 337§ dF MniW 
3dF 3 3733 33 §F H37 575 H573F 3: 

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333 r 3 d 7- U3^t 3 >>rU3 Udt § 37357 33 3 1 " Ud 7 
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(?) f33 fW3 W? 3t 5P3 7 13 (2) (iii) »OT3 
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3)H<n : f337 #3 f%3 f?JT 333 3 >>3333 

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Hd 7 ^ U? 7 ^ 5T33 7 3 1 

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7F fdfedH fed 3 7 U33 3 fTIF 3 fd3 
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fH.f . 

d-^'dl : 333 3 M33 ! 3rt U33 377 3 1- fed 
fed fej 7 31 fed ?§ 3 1 ” afdd feH3 7 333Ho7T-T 31 fed 
ferJ^ 7 333 1987 fS3 Mdifej W U3H 3 33 377 § 377 

3 1- 3373 17373 57377 flJS 1 33 fS3 MrfeM 7 3 1 fe3 §73 

•% 0 

3 33533 USKt oTHST dlfe' 9594 S.fo.Vft M3 
M 7 ? 7 ^ 28,287(1991) 31 §73 3 USK fS3 f377, 
§33 S3 fd33, 333 M3 §§3-1733 fed M3? §3 
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d.U.-Ht.cfl- 3-1986 

dWld (d'^ld) : CFd TT 7 3U# f%3 755f3 
H33, 3573, HS T Hfd57 W fsfej ffefdt J dStd 57fd3 
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f§H TTdp - 3 dftfM 7 TT 7 ^feM 7 TT’fe 7 31 fed dStd M 7 ? 
33 3 fed fsfeT dToTd 3 7F37§ HH3 77^ 33 fiTOd 7 




fen o (He;, 33-03 30 c(d6 fg3 f 7 fen Qhh 3 Iho 

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f33 H30-f3fe fe feofe033 fefef 33 3 f§3 UcF 
fH330 3fet 300F3t 3331 3?t3 3 OV fg3 ffe 
F 7 ? 750f)’ 3 foTg - H30 3 HOfoW tF WU3 f33 §31 
H03t rtdl g033 T 30 d”l d 1 I 

fe'Ofe 3 H3 W03 fe3 3gfe 307 

303 Ht3 ofett-ordfe U3W 3 33fe Ffe 33 ftO 
3 W3033 >H3 WT30F O 3 3FF03 Hgfe c 
§333 d 1 " 3t d r €cS' g3 fe§ 3 0]fe3 303 1 " 30 3 
ftfe 7 1 fen 3fe f§3 UFT fe 3gf3 3J3 3 3§t 333 
?F3 30U0 HVffOW tH'd 1 3t 3 3F Ufe 30F >H3 dlfdc 
3 OU fe3 fe3 >>fel§3 g33 3 T fe-T 3 T 03 T 3t I 03 
03t 3gl3 HOW 3t HffeHt>>f3 §7§ §U0 §3 
fcSH'cS, f330 >H3 Hf3 OtFg 7 3 WFO 3 Hf3 §30 
§03013’ §W offel F^ ROftl 

3gl3 F 7 U33T HW3 7 fefeOFT 3 ufOF 7 7 

3F3 7 fe I dlH 7 3 3000 330 UfefF HHUOfelw ; 

g'Ht 00 33-334 fg3 HW-OF" g" H03g f33 33 Hf 

fe3 3t Uddl rtdl »1*3 tFFO 3 d^ld dO'd 3 gO 

F3 377 I Ufefe 330 3 fH30, 37730 3 OK 3 F3 7 fe 

gt 3gt3 3 H30 7 3 U30T FO fefoW ffeOF 7 ' 

•» 

H30Tt0T0 U3jMdH (MaeGregar Papyrus) 3 75 f33H 
d'Old 1 3 7T 7 33 077 fF03 ufefe f>[30 feo U377 
377 1 (scarab beetle) fd<y f%3 33 3 gO fdH 70 
U3703 3t f3§f3 feH 77 Ffe?7 F 7 U3l3 Hfew F3 
3t I fet 1 33 foT HlH'dlmF 3 W033' 0033 gt 3^1 
F 7 H30 fefeW fg3 feFgOT 003 3771 H30 fef3> 
>H3 3gfe Ufefe 330 3 37F0 fg3 f53 U3703 377 1 
feHF 7 g03?7 33 3F r g 7 , 30'OlW, FgTO >H 
Od'fed 33 T g 7 Wfe U03 3^+ 3 HfejF fg3 W§7 
O I fgO Ut 33 TTOf feOF 7 fg3 33l3 3 gO 300 t-PO 
Hf3 §33 HfHO 7 Ft gt fewfOHF fH703t 01 

3333 fe3 333 >H3 330 3*“ UfetF 330 3^ t 
Ot W§3 077 I 07H33T fefdt, ffe, F3t, 30, fg33 7 
F 7 3330 WfF dt Odd fHO 303 dfOHi 1 c< 1 dl ddl 3 
30 3 ?03 F3 077 I OOfe fed, 3F U30 3 33 
030 7 §00 g00F3W F 7 33tft Wf§3t»F fd3 OOHH 
fed 03 33t >H3 dfet 30 3 03 1 <03 1 dl HKS" F§ O 
HO 330 3030 dfefet OOH fW d^lfe Ft gOW 
333 700F f33t Oldt 00 FOFlw fe3 >H33 Ot 




307 



yir-f-fyor 



felPTcW'tflpP S yfey MtrnF or^ yt y feyt i 
3^3- 95^' fey O^HSt SPOiT yyfepp TPS F53PI 
ydiil <ddtdl>>P fey 3 % % tTSH ^PO cTHO fey stytPP 
dO 7- (Lilith) 3 yd'Gfe F^t 3^t3 OdlS W fe?PT O' I 

U-.y.-^te-.f^HM: 359 jft.fe.ff 5 : 367 

d'Qrt : feo Pt yfe^ :? 03 Tt ift fey ip* 
yt otyfet o' i for otyfet y offerer try yoto fee- ypjy 
9 " i-o ti ott 3 ^ ois 1 tp" yfepp ppfy fetj fdirtcfl ftrot 
ay Tret o' feiadl yy fyoHofeyyy ty yfeTofeyt 
31 fey spo ooft s §are 3 fey 7 - o pfy fed s yya 
ppfy ? 53 TP os 1 yfet yre atvpot y ptro iofepp 3 

# 3 iP^r >HfFRft OPT? fed HOtO fit PdO^'d 

yyt iy 7 fyyfet sot fyy 1 fey oor 3 Ffey uoto op - 
fe’yvyod^yyresret'ypjlyl o 1 fey oor yeffe repp 

as 

SOFPQre y ^yoyoy OS ifedy^S OfeyFjtoO 7 

fey dfocb <^'rt rtec s Ph 03 ( y uio 33 ppfy sot gy 
feo oor Freiy yt ya’ors 7 agy ufe (fyf or 1 

O.U.-y.H-. : 436 

3 ^ ygr-fyyr (Tao Hung-Ching) : fed yts 

y ffup yyt, syy pfe ppure y>f y yy y ufyer 
yfferel yt 1 fey y yyy feppory opt fey y-feor 
fey 451 et. fey ofeyri fey amis 3 1 ot tfe §tft 
?w yt pfe w yfyt irypot fey ot yt yy 1 fed 
yfet yaw fey feOdd ffot Iotpp yti yffere y 
3 <ir Piftpvts 5 os Fret 492 fey fey h 7 ^ sps fey 
ofp feiPPi §t fey y uofet ppooh fey yo y yo 
ufaw fey y aofet yffepp sy ys 1 fey fe>Hfer f 
^ Hwy y yjyyyy >H 3 yy 3 r yt 1 

H^UcTT 

fyoT s feor oyfet. oy Ht pfy oy oat yoot 
feyyy ytpp aosfe s fepfey sftyi fey hopt 
% y fey yfefey y uoy-ofe yt ores os i fey s 
‘# s yfef’ w ‘sot - ys fas - fpfe fe ytpp 
yfayy yyyop- yt feyfer 1 yfe ys y ppure pphoh 
fey H 7 ^ oor fyor tdd 1 * 1 rife* fey d'G^'e yfep 
HyFfefe diFi 1 feyrGy yt srfyy stfet yt 1 yyt yyy 
yfe yyy yfes fsow yfe fey yt ays’- T’u ching 
yenipents’ao’ yts y htHTT fefOPPS fey fey GfdH 
f^ry yst yfet o' 1 fey yt»F feyy 1- 3 1 fey fey !t fe 
fey -§ m yy ^ny ytfey y H'fdy' yfe furt 
ipyorotyti 

ys 536 fey gyperfer fey fey yt yy 3 ofet 1 

O.U.-ntS. fe. W. 9 : 813. 

3 ^ : fey y s 7 y^-pyrs-fyoT ?t 

31 fed yts y Hd'A ofefep fey fey yt yfe yyy 
yfyer jpg' yti fey yr y?re yyy r feypontt oyr y 



ofesopor fe^ - fey 365 et. fey ofewi fey fey 
ygy yt oToty urafe" fey Oy 7 ofeyp yt »{y ypifet 
fyy y yfe yorfe fey wis - feoy fe-ft# §■ jhw 
yy Fret fey s >pyF5t yoorot syot 53 syt 1 10 yrer 
*o(dl yos hoit feyyyy 3 1 yorpp y fey s yoyfet 
syot y pfyyfe y fey 1 feo fey wjy ufwy yyy 
fey fefe fey tp y feyfet yfes fey^y FreT fowl 
30ft»p yoyfep y yryyy yt fey yy 1- yyyo yt 1 

fey yfey 7 fFray, ajF5y T fyfar §o?Q'y tyy yyry 
uty ofyyi gjsyfyt >ny yo^ y fey yt yfey 
fey ppy fayo ppGy 3 1 fey yt yfey gyy ot yos 




ytt yfets 



>yy yyyr yti yfer trTTys y opt afer (618-907) 
fey yt yfey 1- yt yyt ife ?ret yyti fey§ yfey yt 
uh yyyt yyo y hpjo yfspp Tpy 7 or 1 fey s yfey 

3 

>ny yyp y yyt fepp ufe 01 itfes ytert fey y . 
feyy y§yryt ysi yaifeGywy >ny §yyy yfep 
yofe>p ofFP ^t fey yt yfey fey ppk feFrefevP os 1 
fey y yoty 427 fey Ifeyfeiyt fey ofepp 1 

O.U.->5fe. fe. VP. 9 : 813. 

; fed yts yfep Hd'cS ysreoft 
ooTTfe fey fey 31 fey y feo s* ys ipsys y 
opt yrer (206 st.y. - 220 yt.) yy fe>Pi ufefe fey 
y fe «>'G - y yt, feG^ y fw yty 1. Try yt fe 
feo JPG' - f . yt fotft oyt o 1 fp# - y ytfe-re y 
ifet yt 1 19# 1 yyt fey fey^w s feo feo yty fe 
fed fvG _ y yt %y yyfey 6 d 1 uo ppt yy uy 
Tret FreT yfepp for ppwo fey y sw yy yt t fey y 
ay?r yrer sfet yyt ot. u. >ny yfet yyt yt. y. y 
feoepo fw efty 7 ' fey 3 i y 7 ^ - t fear yyyy 
fey fey yypfHFjt os opt fey pots pfy ys spo 
irfesyyty yosy T yoTyoH i 'feppfep>P 3 ifey fey 
ppu-gyo oyyopp pfe yypqy yotytpp yt uto 
*ydfefe! oftytafeto'i 



i 




H’fe’rlHt £ H 7 F3F 



308 



31$-$ finr feF ifeF hhIf hff f fft §• fet 
sfe 1 *'64 fews odd 1 few f i for F feW'H.dl 
»fH HHH Ft Hfett WF 7 cTHt TPfew feH 7 FI feH 
feH FfaW few F fcf cfet fet oTHH FlF-tfHFdt FFf 
FH 7 HfetF 7 1 yHF fHHfepHH 7 F HFT 7 HHfew feWFI 
feH feH fen 7 few tkfeHW feH FFW F 7 tfe?, 
FTF HF ftfe F WJF W FS fcf" I “HF F 7 HF Wt 

ff hf mis - mr f fen 7 fi” feF ‘w’ fen ‘TffeF 

rjdld’ ’H 1 fe tjdl 1 fe 3 dttl Hf 7 ddl HJ-ft did) F I i-lrtd 1 
fee) dfe H feH 7 IV) U ' d 1 F WTW oldrt cS'rt dolHd'rt 
HF >HHH HF H 7 ^ FrF HF HHF FF I 

sfe - f fwr feFt ufircr FFt fe for f ufe ufe 
350 Hfe Ffst feH Wt 250 TTOPHt feF »fit Ft 
HFfeHF FFI 20fet HFt H HH F feHTFtft feF feH F * 
40 F FF TOFF F HH OF I 

F.U.-WT. fe. H 7 . 9 :8 15 . 

HTfewt # H'ara'cT : for fW fftM ffk 

FHFFt, feftw Wt feHfe dHd'd F 7 FFH KFTHFl 
1100 Ft. feF Ffefe 7 ! feF 12 Ft HFt F fW HFUt 
Ffrrfet FFfHfefeF feF feH Ht I feF H'dFd Wt UfHH 
fey- WtmJH fed 7 ! HF 1141 feF feF H'FFd F 7 
WH-FtHF Wt FfeFF feF 7 1 HF 1149 feF 
feFHfedfe Ft felTF Hd 1 feF sl'dl «<* felldd feH F 
feyH ttfeF wfer I 

feH Ft ’HSUoffed UH dol ‘Heptateuchan’ (HF 
ftTOF 7 Ft UF3H) feF HF HFHF HFFfe 7 FtW 
dW'Hcd nttW hath ff i feF ufos 7 fewfet Ht fen 
F 11 Ft. HFt feF UFHt fefeWF F VsTH feF UF75F 

hff ffet mnt fff FtW yHHH 7 f 7 FFfet fw 
feF HfFfe 7 F HFfeiHW 1 

HF 1150 F rtdlsidl .dd'H feF d'ddd feF feH 
Ft HF F Flfet I 

F.U.-^F.fe.H 7 . 9 : 954 

d ' feqlcjfo fH 5TF ol'Hci^'elcSTt : feF- 

as 

3t?tt h t hf 7 f f fen hIffhhj f 7 ffh hh fey fIfh 7 ! 

feF 578 Ft. feF fed dirt F 7 HfdrtH'F HfeM 7 m" feH 
F UFH FF FFt UHtwfe Ft fedFd 7 F F 7 miS FH S' 
Udt Fcf 7 HFfeHF Fftw UF3 fe3F m USH feF 
yt'F'd 7 "'HF HJFF 7 cS'ff FFfel 7 rtd'Hl'H 7 fed feH §" 
offet rtolHHS' Q'6'fed T fW I 

feH F FFfeF FF Ft miFfet feF FWFFF 
feF M T F T F F fedF cftsfaf 7 F^fefeP" feF fFH 7 
fenr I FF 574 Ht. F F# H# HHfert" HFTF FW'Qi F 
FFT F 7 feF 7 F 7 HFFfet HFtm m d'feyldtm F 
HFdTF F 7 FH miS FH 7 feF F feHF I FHfeF F feH 
F mfe U3F WPt HRIS 7 few MF 7 FHHF, 574 Ht. 
F feH F HfF-HfeTFTF FF fFH 7 fePH 7 HfH 26 HHHF, 



578 F feH Ft HfejFFF FF HHTUHt Ftfet FIH 
FHfeF feH § HHTcT Hsfes F gfet Ft HFTF F^H 
olF fePH 7 1 

feH FFF 578 Ht. feF UFlftM 7 >HH feFHfelH 
HTFHlrtl'HF HHF F F75" FF H ' dl ^ 'dd' S'lf HFFF o 
fFHtl UHfefF FFHHJ HHF ufefe F mfet HH 
UfefT Ft feFHfeHH Ffei 7 HF3 7 F mFF H F 
HHHH 7 FS F 5fe fe HHfw Htl FHF ufefe 
feHFfecrfet FfetHFF FF F HtHtfetWf Ffef 7 HT 
ttfe F FF oTF fFH r > HH d 7 fetldl>HH F HH HH 
d 1 rt FFHF feH rt'5 FHHcft Ftfet HF HF cTF fed 
feH F ffeat HFFF 7 FF HFFH 7 f HHFF 7 fedHT F 
HH 5fFF F 7 FHF ttH r UFH F F HHF F U 

feUFH fen F 582 Ht. feF HFHfeHH HfeF HFHc 

FFfe old <5 1 few I feH HfFH Fd 1 rt HH, HH 7 ? 

*\ ' 

>HfefeferH ’HH WF F FF FF HHF 7 feF H1W cl 7 
felFHt feF FTFF F FTH I 

Flsffe Flf feF tfeFF FF HfeHtfetwr F UFFtH 
FFT HH F WUS FHfeF, HFH F miF 7 indtUd ' 1 
HF 7 fed 1 HfH HFUSt HH F feoT IFF UfFH 7 
HldTHH f HFlfe FHfeF Ft HlFrtHF Hfetfet < 
fFHt! ~ 

14 >HF7HH, 582 Ht. F feH Ft FHHFHFtw fe 
HHF dfetl 

F.U.->>l?r. ffe. H 7 . 11:755 

d'fedl, iToT VdlHd* (Thier 

Jacques Nicolas Augustin) : feF dd'H 

fefHFHoPF Ht fFH F 7 TTcTH 10 HHt, 1795 f HS 
(Blois) fet Ffem feH F HSfe 7 FTFHF HFF > 
feHF tFFHF H#HJ fet fitfew IFUH tfet I 1 
feFd« T H F feF'd' FHFH UdfetH FfeHf 7 MH W 
WIT J Hfe HfetHF F Hfet Ft HPFFH HTrfezt ? 
iHH'F FHF tH FFF ffet WUS FF fFH 7 ! ‘ 
WFFH HH'fedl F 7 Hddd HS few m HFUS m 
HHFFFHt fewfet F 7 FTttfe 7 UHF HfWis 
liPH 7 UFfe Hfe HfetHF F HfFHffetW F HFUS 7 ftK 
FfeF F Ff cFF 7 HH few HfH WUS Tffe? 
d 'Hrtldci-HfFH' feHHH 7 FtW HHfHWfe UHt HfFl 
FF fFH 7 ! feH F WUS 7 feWF fefdFHT ffejS 
Hfewi HfeHFtWF Ft ffett FHt UHHF 'FH HF 
feF 7 T > f UfF HFTF feH Ft FHF'HHH HFHt FF H 
FTHt faH feF HfeHFfWF F HHF FtW F Hfe>HF 
>HH SHF 7 Ft HFTF F UH dflH 7 FI HFTF HF feH 
Hfefe FtW FFFfe" F fet feH F FHfecT iHHF % 
mt fefefen cftH 7 1 fen f yt few, ftnfe 
iTdHFt F FHF, 7FFHF Ft fed , felVlOrtH Ft HF 
FHHF 7 WF 7 HfeHHF HFcTF Wf ITFfStHH HHH 
HHcft oftHt FHt FFt Qfedl H 7 feH F Census euro 




309 



3 1 *(Wif3K? 



(1817-20) fed Uoffad HIT Wd HW for # Udder 
Letters Sur U histoirede France (1920) fed Uocfeu 
yTT sidUd [rtUU 1 fed UdU .dd d fens' 06 I H6 1825 
fed fed d « 1 cSi fydd'doOd'' Ufd >RdTS-H'c(HS S 
febtdd ddt fedt Hd T fed T SW fen S IdHddl if W 
oi 6Uy]<I 3” S Uldlfeddl Ud rtH 6^115* tC UHUc( S 
fdWd 5^1 dS 1830 fed fed Wp - d fdTW Udf 

wus HdTdd t # Hd'fed' ss $h otutr 7 fed 1 " fed # 

fed S WUdt UddoT “Sddd dd S fdHddl if ddfe” S 
15 ferufetdS dfedW Uo( 1 fed’ offd 1- fed fed fd 

s >fo gar d srfefs*' # dfd ?f fWtw 

UJdSfe S fWS fed 1- 1 

fed S' tjS'dl fesotwy »fd ddddd few 1 " fe 
fed dt d# HSW fedt I fed S' TsSoiH* sJUlfeQstd 
fedddt feffrT’ d fedHd wits' udder dd r a T dip-fed 
fedt fefd fed fed d ufdS Sd feddd GJdUts’ >Hd 
‘§dt»{d ddfed’ (1834) S FFdS fed 1- Wd did 'did’ 

tdddd idtsi^rfldrPdrT^ s few cfd^few fed fed 

fed S ^?d d ddldt" few H¥ d #T Hdd^UdS 5CF_ 
dthF H dUdd >Hd S T dfe ddT dS, S dWr 

fdWd cfd^'fewi dS 1841 fed ddfe fe Uftsfet S 
fed S feofd dfedd Ul^dd SS dSVPfSW fedd 1 US 
fe Sdl'd'cf fed d Qdtf'fUoPfe S fed 1 " WW dl fed 
dt 22 Hdt, 1856 § Ofed fed dd d dfet I 

U.u.-^. fe. 22 : 131; 1 >S. fe. K r . 9:954; >>fe. >>tS 
11 : 662 

3^ : dfed - dts d ddtWdT (Chekiang) »fd 
rffe-TdlH (Kiangsu) It'd' fe-OoCd dfdd fed feo( 4W1 

dts di 5m T ssd T sufet fed fesfdd d dus 

70 fer. dt. (45 Ht.) Sdt Wd ydd d Udd dS 60 fe. 
dt. (37 Ht.jMt’Hjfeddfp 3d£T 2,200 d. 
fS. Ht. ^l 

fed fdHSS Udd HdSt fe®d ffed dfed dl 
ufed ?S ffedT trd dd dS-dddT fed S dd 

fed fSWfd dS Wd fed d 1 ' ?nj Ufet Udd IffHt 
(Su-chou), §" dtwd, (Lu Chiang) Wd tfedT y tfedfel 
(Huang-p’u chiang) dfew^ 1- ddt dddd fed TT r 
fsSdld 1 d I fed d ^dd-ddd fed Udd" dS fedd dts 
fed Sd Sd dTyW ddT fddfet fdd dSI 3Fd oTdS 
dtS d feSd SdFdd ufed ofdd fe^ fed 5dd dfe 
dV dtS d S'tt dt dS dTd dS I 

dfe fed d WS-dWS d r ddd didst ddt dt. 
U. d r dfdW UfeW d Ud fdFFdt dFFdfe - 7#t ddt 
Wd fed d ddHd dt ddfed I 10^t Wd 13fet‘ ddt 
ddS W dCPd Wd dS-fecOHl Udd dt ddt Sd5 
fefSddt dtdt ddtl llfet »td 15# d# fed 
Udfe d d# # ddddf H# ddSfe" dSfetW 



dfetWI 1930 fe»fe fed #S # dlddddl dddd S 
dtS d IFdt d dddS S# dfet d dS-dddd Wfedt 

# dddrS 7 dt# fed S d^Hd fed dS# dt 1949 #. 
fed #S # dfeQfSdd dddTd S dfet d dS-ddS 
W5St cdS ddS fdd 1 ' I fed tS dfe Udd d dddS 

# fevfefet Fft I WfiTfeWdiW# Hd T d dtS d IFdt 

# sfe ?dd 5tdS d ?TS ?dS d# dt # OTH ## 

dfetl 

^ d uu# fdd feds sfet syuffefe d'G^dT 

Wd dutw d tddfddr ddW odds Hdd Ufdd RSI 
fe# syw §d didd 1 - # fdTSdt fed Scf crfdddSI 
fed IS 1 ' # g'.dlR'Sl »id ifefer ddS d r Ud 1 ' Sdd 
dS I dfet d (Tai Hu) fed d Sdddt Mdddd TSfedW 
oTdS Ufdd d I Udd fed UdT dd d dtWdTd fed d d 
d SdTS 1 Udd »fd fdd fed f dt (Wu-hsi) d W 
dWS d T ddd HSTSlW itfdd 1 ?dd dS I 

d.U.-^fd. fe . HR 11:501 

IT3TT (Thiard, Pontus de) : 
fed .lod'H d 1 " dfet dt fdd S HddT d fd ?ddT fed 
USd—fl'ddl d Udd ddS fed ddUd fuH 1 U 1 few I 
fed d 1 " tTc5d S. 1522 dt. fed Hddfet fed fddt-dd— 
dS fed dfeWI fed fed d 1- d#d dt Ufd SfetW 




Udd d dfetWdd 



(Lyonese) d cfetw d r iFd delft dt I fed 1551 fed 

fed s fd dd # stfs dtdtf # Ufdd UHddr 

‘Dialoghi di amore’ d 1- UlS^d cft3 T I 1549 fed 
fed dt dild' dt UdHcf ‘Erreurs amoureuses’ ^litl 
Rdld #W UlsHwC) 1 fed fed dd ^ 'U 1 ddd 1 " fdO 1 I dS 
1587 fed fed W S^'-WdS 1 fS? T dt fed^ - td 
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dS 1578 3 1 1594 Sol dfefWdd JITS-dd- 
fedS d 1- fedU fed 7 1 d T d T S Wild Wd ddUd dSfd 
S# fed S cFdddft fW¥St # ^dS 5ffetl fed fed 
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310 



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a 

ffpf ffe ##t 3t uMw ftf MUA'Qil 331 M 31 

MFfFt 3H35T ‘Oeuvres poetiquesn' fed feF ft fFF 1 " 
fST 5T#f W HB §3F 33 ft 3333 M3 HOT rFFt ft 
HdT'f 3 1 F 3 1 # Bfefer M 3 1 

23 H3W, 1605 ft t3T?#-H3--F77 (Bragny-Sur- 
Saone) f#B fFF 3f H3 3 3TFt I 

3.U.->>)77. fa. W. 10:215. 

: TO - 3t77 3 Ffert 

M3 33 133+ 3t 33 §33 §33 § 3H3 4ft Is# 400 
f#\ Ht. (250 Ht.) ttt fear U3F3 331- 3 fed;# §33f 
#77 3 H377 f Hfe# 033 7733 #3 5T33t 3 1 37T feF 
3t 3 333 4ft 3t 3 33 333 f#3 37777 

lf3 3 FfM?7 f of Gel (Chsien Hsiu wu County) 3 
H33 f%3 3#3T 3 3f3M T 3 H37# B33 33 fej USF 
#3 H3 T#3t JlfoT3f fel Ffeft 353 3 1 " §33- 
Usfet fFF 1 " 33 llfeft 3 1 

for U3F3 5#t 3 1 " f773Vn3r 33fF3 5T77 f#3 
OfFM 1 " I §33f #7# H377 f?3 fFF3t 0“-d 1 «1 F3T33T 
1,000 3 1,200 Ft. (3,3000 3 4,000 ?F) 3 143 feF 
3f F3 3 §fet fF33 HtM'G' f 3fet (Hasiao -wu-t’ai) 
§f §FFt FH33 33 3 2,869 Ht. (9,416 f3) 31 feF 
33H3 FT# Hf 3 # FT# M3 3U 133*- ferJoFJ 
M^TPFt 3 33 3F3 f%3 35F¥F 3# 3 1 3fef 3*31 3 
#^F M3 33 33 f#7# FF# M'^'TM 3^3 Hd«3 f ■ 
§3f5F3 33! fetf*- H##)# f#3 fvT3T fF3T (Ching 
Hsing) UH3 M 3 f#F f^3 M##^ M UF# Mt Mf 
3! 

felT}' 337# 3 Ud# fUH f#3 0ft 3N3 Mi' 3 
#33 33 I 3 T 3-3 T 3 3 3U3t f3F f#3 333 44 UHTT 
3 fey- )T3 f%3 07ft 0feW WW 3 1 IFF# 3 lfe># 
IFF 4ft Hfet 333 3 M33F tTF 0ft 3 oTFt #33 

IFF +F3 331 0"dd ff3 CFFT-iMTi (Yang-Chuan) 
M3 3B3 fe3 33T f3 #13^ 3t 33t VCFF 1- f#3 0ft~ 
^feM 1 - tF fferM 1 " 3i 33t 3 3i3M T Ft U33 3 ^Ft 
3f3M T U33F 3t rirt-ftSol'Hl 533 3F U3F ^ft 3 
W? 331 fef fe3 3 F 3 (Hu-To-Ho) M3 3 33T 3 
(Cho Chang Ho) 3 33 W U3F3 33t fe3 3t 33 
FF ' QG UF IRF^ 3 ftl^F IFft# M3f?it tfF3 3t 
33-f35CHl 533 33 ! 3 F 3 3Ft 33T 3 

f d'dlw'rt (Wu Tai Shan) 7?ft 4 F c33t 3 1 sT3 fer 
3^13 fe5T f3 3 4n 33 U3 3V 3 UFFt F33 3 F3 
l3F3t B33 3 3t 3Ft 33T F3T 3 ?3 Tftft iFfeM^ 
WW 31 

3.U.->>te-. ff. VF. 11 : 500 



: o< T Q'<f| — UgKt^3at dFl^'3 3 
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fFF3 3t?# HB U33t 7Pft 4tf 333 1 " 3 I fFF F 1- d333? 
2,051 ^ . f5T, Ht. M3 WFt 12,94,090 (1992) 0 
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33^13 f#F 33 33 H33 # M3 fer 3tf3T d'Hl^'l 
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Hf33 3 9 f#. Ht. 3H3 4ft 3 i yl'3 l 3 tFf35T MFHF 

•s 

3tHtF3IF3 1970 3 333 f#3 oFGFl" 3 1- 3Ft H3 
FFFdl'dl oTWF 3 1 " 4^ #33 Ft I M3#7J ffe 
3 T Ffe r 3 3t ft# ##t H333F3 31 

3.y.->>t?r. ff. Hr. 11 : 500 

y^ltai : fHfmrazt - d 1 el 1 o 3 US> 
333t f3F f%3 fFF ?# 3t o('G dl 1%3 fF3 fecf fefGrr 
UFFt 31 Iff 3 1 " 33333 163 =3. fer. Ft. M3 M37 
7,79,370 (1992) 3! Ugvft 3Ft 333+ M3 #3#t f" 
33F 1%3K- §VWf tfrlF' f%3 F3rlF3t §1413 3t fe 
feoTHs##! 19 4f F3t 3 F3 3 FT# f^3 #t fej Hi 
3 33 3 f#5TfF3 3§t F3 UFt I ITFPTftM Mlft?7 ffe 
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Ft M3 fF3 774 Ff33 33 fef§F14FFt F3 fefTM 1 " ! 
flfsT IFF FT33 3 §33 4ft lftF3T 333333 M3 33 

4ft Sf^GFtMfeT Ff33i- 4ft ftft HW F33 733 fe 

HkJ 3 3T FUW H333 r F33 ^3 dfet I 1970 3 33 1 
f#3 fFF 3 UgVft f3F f#3 F333F3 3377 7737 fe3 F 1 
3 T ^1433 377 33 f3P>r ! feF 33# 1948 #t. 3 197 
Ft. 3 f#3F RW ffe3 feF 3t 3F Uffe# 7ftft f3FT7 
3 3IFf Fti feF Ffel3 ft 1959 f#3 3fet?TO 1 
FF77fe5FF F35P3 3 1F3 3f 33437# 33T T feM r Ft 1 
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?W #33 3t FfeM 1 " feF 1- 1 MtT#f7 feF 0^ft fe 

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H H"f5? 3 ol #33 #t 3 1 

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311 



24°09' f\ fed.; 12°41' U. WH. 

U.U.-Mfrr. ft. H 7 . 11 : 500 

dfel* 1 * : ofQcl — uuu-ugvrt ufefeu 

Uf fell feo( d'Q <fl U felH U 7 UddSrt 2,016 g. fST. 
Ht. MU »FHfet 10,37,794 (1992) UI feH c^ffet U 
fdU gW ifetfet (Chia-i) d'G'Ul, UUU-yyy feu 
d'G HlO dl (Kao-hsiung) MU UylcVrt fef HUWUt MU 
UgVT WE UUHH UI feH d 1 0 fel Ut MU- 

ftdu u 7 hu muff uutydt ui fen u nfewf uuu 

Hdd ftlW 7 fUrf'G UU fet WE, UU, MUT MU <oM' 
Ut flH feet U ! feu HgtM 7 MU tUU UtM 7 WEE* Ut 
yufedT gt uuf u i dud 7 , crura-, unfeu, tw Miu 
yutfe- utM 7 humu 7 gf fuu we i hu hu duu mu 

UW WEE U orau gf fet WUT UU US’ I d'ffel feu 1 

ufera gf few# uu 1 tiny huh, fwxfefe, Hutu mu 
fet 1 u ura UfetT UUI d'Gfel u dUut fet feu 
ee mu ujfedd tu u yu gf uu i fen dffet u 7 
fefuuH i7^t nut u feuw uw feu muu uu 7 u 

HtT utu U HUHU UUT UUT dUT (Cheng Ch’eng- 
Kung) u feHU nnfer hhhh feu hhw du f iwf tt i 
fnu ufefeu uy u mhju hhhu feu few 7 d feu 
d-'Q'dl u ufefeu Hfeu f ufefeu uf drauul hu 7 
fwMH nradw feu cf'Qfel feu det Aung 7 uui we 

u — 

g 7 (Shan-hua) MMU gufeHW feHUU MU ffeWJK? 
HUU MU gfeT ftUT (wong-hsing) UfeTcffel fedH- 
ddlMW U'dd HH'fuUUI 

U.y->>)U. ft. H 7 . 11 : 501 

dfelu'A : Hfejf — utu tU UUUf U UUU- 
utu feu ufefeu uy u uuu-ugHt ufewt huu 7 
feu d'ffeMfeT Hfeu U 40 fe. At. ffeu WE fed g# 
feu UfcJM 7 U dU gfeM 1- UfeM 7 fed fed feGfeUW 
afeu u i fenur aura 176 u. fe. nt. uifeuufefera 

uufurau uuut yTTut u fuu ufet 1590 st. 

feu M 1- U ^t HU I feHUT 7U ‘ufetwu’ Et 
feud 1- uwt- uwt" d'yfe'U U felM 1 " MU feu fe- fu ut 
hu yry u 1- ?t 'ufetTHu' uuwu u fep>c 1 hu 1623 
feu Jgtufe feH Hfeu feu M 7 " UUU MU 1661 Ht. 
feuUfeUUTturufHtwfeUUT- UUK OUT Ht, U 
ffe f feu UU U feH #U MUW ofura cU fepm 
fHHT UH U feew HW feu (1368-1644 Ht.) MU 
feg 1 W\ HU HHUl WE Ufet WU fet M 7 " U gHU HU I 
hu mut ufe #u 1683 uh.feu fuur uraura feu 
tu 7 feu m 7 " feiM 7 " i uu fen yfeu u ufefera u 7 ^- 
#1" uraufet HU 7 feM 7- feTM T l 18#t nut feu uuuw 
unfeM 7- u 7 Hofry w 7 srau wnf fet ferwfeut w\ ortut 
ufet i 19 gt huT feu ulcsl ura UU fed dfet Gfeu 
Hfeu hT ! HU 1880 feu feHUt MUfet 60,000 U 
dUlU Ht I HU 1891 feU U 7 ^ Ut d'ftUUl ufefeu U 

yuw u uufe yu 7 wf}" ufet i fen fufr feu feuu 



UfeK)": Hfeu 

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feH #U THUTtM 7 U 7 dUU 7 U fUTM 7 MU #7^ Mttu 
feH§"#UU WE MU d'OfHMfeT Hfeu UW UW 7 UMPU 7 
UfdM 7 fUTM 7 1 feu fen u nfeut uuu feu gt UU 7 ura 
feu 7 1 muujj feu ufe uyu-uett huh# uuu utM 7 
UU’feut' fuu 7 ut HBt U I Hfeu U ffeu WE ?feu 7 U 
hu fegu fee" feu uuu ufet fuu 7 feu gur 
ufeM 7 U I feu 5U MU Hgf U fuiruu 7 wst w\ HHUU 
U I MUdTJ fet dUd 7 , UHd Ufet Ufet, UU, dH ' feu , 
UHHfecT Mtu yuu UU I fet HU MU Ufet Ufef 7 
ufra 7 yufefe- ufet UHUdfefet w\ fuu UUI feHU 
HUUgTU WfejUT’ 7t uf" l^fetu HUUUFU U fUH ?UU 
feu Hfeu US 7 UMU 7 UfdM 7 UfeM 7 U I 

feH Hfeu feu HU" U HU Hfeu 7 TEE UU HUU 
uu feny feu 1 ofrtfeQHul huu fetu uu u gu?ru^UT 
ui feu ufei 7 uu cruuruf ura 7 feu Mrnfey uu mu 
ufetura irud- uu i 

MTHUt- 6,89,509 (1992) 

23° 00' fed.; 12° 11' y. UU. 

H.y.-^te-. ft. H. 11 : 502 ; »tf. 26 : 217 

d'«1Cr : otO dl — fuuufed" Mra ufet?u 

(ufefera) uf cr§ut U I feH U 7 UUUUU 2,052 W. fe. 
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tffWUT MU Ufeft U WE HfUU UU I Ufeft UfefgTU Uf 
draiUTSl fruufd ufetu d 7 #'^ U 7 HUU-HoFH UU- 
UfM 7 #- fet UI 

feH dtfel # UUU-UUUf fet feU 1400 Hf . Uf 
MHU Gfefet gut fU HU (Hsueh Shan) UUHUf" Wdt 

UfaUd t uwf uwf Tffef uuf uuf fuu g W U HUW 
feu Ut UUH U HUt UI feH U UU ffet fet feu gf 
UHd UUI 

U-.y.-^S. ft. H. 11 : 502 

HTFtir : efeju — feuyfwd" Mra ufefe 7 w 
OTUlWHU ufetu 7 (dfefe'U HHd 7 HUHH) Uf feu 
uraufetui feu ufu ut hu fnt u 193 fer. hT. (121 
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ufefe T u ny u ffeuf fet feu mu utwur (offwur) ut 
hhuu tuauFU u 30 ft. tf. fuu-yuH feu u 7 ugyf 

(UtSHg) UfUMfef HHU U Ud g r fdM 7 U I feHU Mfe 
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HWfet dUU feH HfUU U fHUU 16 fd. Ht. Ut UUt U 
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ufet yyu HHgu 7 u mu yyut uratt gt uut uuti 

HH gW HHUUt Ug T g 7 MdHU UWUfM 7 UU I 




312 



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fed nfdd HUH 1 " 5jd ! <i 1 <Sdl F UF H fed fed 

yafofo for fo WFfOT fo fo fofo F 

HaTFfo FFI *H<5M Osh fHffofH fo fo for 




fotO #■ AH<F'F y# fo JFS % FH^TF fo, for sfiT 

wfftf §■ Hfe»F for ^ afofo fog 1 sufo 50 



W ffTF HFftPHF fofo fotfo FFI fo ff ff 
for HftJF F UFfo WT US I IfoF UJFfo F FFT W 
(1206-1368 fo FFF FHfoT FV fo F ffo 
fdH 1 H fe/JF J-ft Qtd F Ft feT hlfed d 1 l-l rtl d c( 
H3FlFHt»F F ^TiF FFF affor Fffof FI HF 1885 

fen J'yl^cs f fo f for for hf ffor ffoa i §a 

HH IFF tit Fflfot FfoaT afot fo I UF 1895 
Zt. fen FfetFF fo Ffofo F~ 5THF FF 7FS 
FV Ft F' l-lfot FfoF F fotO 3afo cTF ffot 

fo foraf far >hft ?t arffo fi ff hifw wf 

fewfor Ft WFf F HfFF § 3W oTF ffo Ht I 
hf 1948 fen fo h d'Hddfol d'yk'A fog- ytr 
FTF fo fc7 F Ffof jj mistw Hfo^F FHHt 
5FF^fo»F FF ffoFI for fOsT fo fo 

Ffor aF-HHSfHF ffoFF FFfojF HlfoF I 

HF 1967 ffo fo F HOHF ftrfmfot F fff 
F ffo for fo >fo F»fo F fo Hfo ?t fo ffo 
ffo ffo FTFI 

KWFf - 27,16,663 (1992) 

F.U.-% 7 . fe. H 1 ". 11 : 502 

d '01 ffo ¥t?Hdd ! d ^'o/ddl (Taimyr Au- 
tonomous Okrug) : d Fdl FH F Qdd-UFHt fdH ffor 

^HA'M'dHd ^ph f for uHHcrt Off f i for f aw 

8,62, 100 iF.fcT.Kt. F fo Fffofo 53,700 (1991)1 
fo fofoTF HFfoU F font fo ffo, fotfo 
IFfotll F UFfo foF #F3F FfoF F fo Ffo ffo 
foat TFfoatWl USH F ^3Ft fo for ItfoF 
Ffo>F FI fo ffo waarfor TFFTF (Q“dd1 fo 
HFFFFIF) ffo Hffo Hfow fosfo (Savemaya 
Zemlya) fo HHF Ft KHS F?7I foHTaF fo fo 
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fot F Kfo F Htfo FI 5TfoFF fot F KFfo F 
Hffo rawffo fo fo UW HFFFFF FI fo fot 
H T FF r fFF IFUH FF 7 F I 

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<5'S sffd'K 1 ’ FftW" F I MFHtrfo "d ' S 1 F ' c(’dc5 feO tl^l 
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FK FF F?7 I afora irSF 1 ", fMd [ d old* 1 , HfoW FF7T r 
KfF -H'^Fd' fo tfS F FF ffoKH old* 1 fd5 F SoF F 
UKK fFF FFI 

F.U.-^lF.ft;. VF. 11 : 591 

d'fofHF iFfefoit : fo gafowr HFfotu w 

ff fofo foa f ffUF 7 foat <pr f foa-yafo 

fo ffo ^HcS'ld'dHd pH fo foFiF FI fo 
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foFF ffo' foffoHfo MF H^dcS'M 1 fo-Ffor HS- 
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aw Kfor ofor f 1 fo f fofot fo ffo 500 - 

1,150 Ht. foF fofFF HF 1 !? FF I fofo FFfo F fofo 
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fotKF FF I 

F.y.-^(?r.fg;. h t . 11 : 591 

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fRFF 1- ffo fo f Forafo 160 ffo.vft. ^ yaa fo 

foF HFfoFTF ffo HlFF F I ?W W-FKf Ffo^F 1 
fo fo fo fo cTFFt F I F'fo'F F FtlF ffo fo 
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ffoa ffo yaat fo hhtf hIfh aiforwavc 

ffow 64 FF fo znj ¥f FfofoF F ffo FF ffo 
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Ft fo F fo Ffot 410 fFT.Kt. fo UFF-Ofo fo 

fo 160 far.Ht. fo fi afo f w Offft 
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ffo Ft d'FFftt FfofFl 

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ud'ds - Ffow f yaa fo fo uff >k 
Ofo fo ffo-'F ufo hff fi uaat fbt fo wa 

for fofo W fo HHWHF FF fo §FF-yF 
F foF-Ofo ffo fo fot»F ufor FF 1 fo H 
UFF F F BFT-FFT fTF-H (Churig-Yang-Shan M< 
FI fo UFF §W FHfoT Ft HF F fot fo ftr 
afo FF (Hsin-Kao-Shan) Hffo FI for fot 1 



313 



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faat a 1 for daw a yaa sw yaftt fo 5" rw 
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ft! '£' tldd fo aFda d* I afWTW U" fa fed t!d W 
t(?F a aw asrw aaa afo ai aftlw a 7 usftt 
m fea feaw Haw ai fen Haw at sh'z Osh 
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yfot fosaat Haw hw 7 a i fen fo usftt fo-fo 7 
fitat afe HU'd'i a i usftt fo fo 7 ww wtfe aw a fan 
afo w ufet foar fttw 7 fftwfoaruwi 

aw uwr — arafttar a - hhh ffo fed - Swhw 

d 1 ^ ' s/'dl WF ddfoaf 7 UW I fed add 7 fod fo|- 

fom nw-ft at usftt aaa ww Oat tiara w 
afear for unw at usftt aww a ffow a - ush afo 
Qfea-usH fe^ fona aft wrjHH 7 aw-ma Ifea a 7 
feara aw i afetw a 7 fta afear a aaft at (Cho 
Shuni Chi) ai for afear for-foar hw ft yaw fo 
usftt aww raw fona 7 ai saw a Stm fw for 
afear ffea njj ar afer aw afo nawt aaa ffea 
mw 7 a 7 wfo Ac/H’W naa 7 ai for a 7 aa 7 uftfo 
afear SW HS tft (Tan Shui Chi) ai fen foW 
ffo-usftf afetsw fw fo folia 7 afear yaftt fow 
w fw a 7 fwara 7 ai fftrfe a fo afearfo ft 1 
feww 7 fo fot sa sa Stmt afear fo fer few w 
fona aw i fed 1 a afear sa sa, ufa frit ara ftmt 
nwaraars'afe) wet weft ?foaai 

aH^'y — ay w aaw ad 7 a fetftar ffea t^at 
a i for sat wy a 7 aaa 7 for fa-fm da foa Oa 7 
ai awa'a arafttfo foa aiaa ma aa afoa 7 ai 
rrafodf 7 foa wa ?rat Ofo i arafttfo a 7 fttaa aajvrw 
20° a 30° ft. foaaa afaa 7 ai Hafofo a 7 ftma 
3ww io° a. ai 

fed at aw^g fova fo©a fttfo aftaat 5df a 7 

ua 7 ^ uad fedfo foe 7 a i fea aiaa ufot fo for a 
»\ »\ 

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a i for foa ? 0 a ^ad 7 aafttfo a hhk foa irat ai 
forw-ifeftt St?ryw d<i! r fo for-foai aw ft fo Oaftt 
aww a ttw aw afo ^ad 7 srafofo aw »ra for 
Stm ’a afoafo 1 %a a^ ?t rr afo aw i arafttfo a 
>aaa foa afofw dfffo awi afofw a for aaa^ 
ww ^ad 7 Oat a rra for a^fo awatfo aw i foaa- 
yaat afo^w f%a ^afo Haatfo (aftaa a aaa) a 
Stm foa afo a >na for ftaa foa wa m mt 
srawafo afot afaat ai few at wra aw * 7 ^atr 
250 a.ftt. a i Hafofo a Stm ’a aar-afo aw ft 
da 7 ? fofo foatfo afor fora aaa for foat a i 

gwmrat — aarw fed a 7 aaaat aw aw i rra 
for foaa ararw a 7 foasra (1895-1945 at.) aa 7 at 
a 7 Haora w ugftt ftafot Oaa fw aaiw 7 w fofort 



afo^w 

?aw aa faa 7 at i mrw aaaa a aaiw aa a aw fo 
Oat rraa oftati aw afofow foa aaiw ^aa oraa 
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fofo aft'W 7 ffo aw aa ^w aaaa Iftwa awi for 
aaiw ftruw awi 2,000 ftt. a 3,000 ftt. fo foi'dl 
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ftaw fetawwa rfo 7 a Stat rwat ai few a aaiw 7 
foa fformaa aaa fern a 7 aaaa fftwa 7 ai for 
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fea for hk fo aorw hot w for aaaa w aaw fo 
H?aat wa fafo ftt >aa aw Saw a 7 Sh 'aayn 7 
ftatsrafaaT fowt’ a faa 7 ftt 1 few a aaiw 7 at fow 
nra gw wet “afow aaiw fftfa” at maw 7 
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warn rr 7 aa aw 1 

ftta aa — fed 1 a aaiw 7 fea w fo' a aaa 
aa a forw 7 afo rffo-aa at fftwa aw 1 fed 1 a rrta- 
rradr 7 ffea sftaa, fas', aaiwt fewt, faaw, uaa arfa 
sa?rw foT aw 1 few a few’s few hut, waw ara 
few 7 st fftwfofo aw 1 fen a aa raw ftst awt foat 
aiftw 1991 fsaHftaafsa 13 fo 16 aw 65i aw 
ftst awt dial ftt 1 fed 1,52,856 ara, feor craw ga 
nra 1,75,346 dSatfoawi 

fefdd'H 

afetsw a ya^aw feffom dfe ffoaa 7 ias 7 
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ufewt wt afetsw a usftt fo foa w S sft hwi 
fen a ufaw 7 aasaat daa fsa fed" a dfftasfet for 
afaanwi fejdrftfowft fo 9 fo fo oral few fsa 
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yaw ww aa ffor »ra wa usftt Oaa fsa atftt 
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wm 7 , yaaaawt wh 7 a 7 Hda a ffor a 1 w 
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a 7 sw rww faarfer faar afo 6 raw wet anraadat 

dfoanfeHfdaa 21 HW, 1990 WJfefoTUftt (Lee 




314 



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— u 

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few WWW WWW 17 WWW UW UW I UfefeW few UffeW 
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14UWW ffeife'd ffewt UW 7 ufet U I feuUWW HWfet fe 
WWJW 7 fe ffeUW 7 few few 7 , few, WWW, UW 7 WUTHUHU 
WWW fe wfew few 7 Ul few 7 w few wfefe wfe 
wffew 7 few 7 Ul uiuw >wfe hwuu ufetww fefefe uw 7 
ufeuw few-wrw mfe u-ww few wfufe uw i huthuhu 
yffe ww 7 yufe uu fe ww guf 7 fowrw few fHww 7 u i 
ufett feu fe ww whuu fe uwt w §w few wfe 7 

feW 7 UI 

wfewfet - few w ufetw'fef fe uur »rfe w 
few ww fewfewf wwfewr 7 uw i few w ufeft fferw 
HUW few fwwfe WWW fwut f>Wfe Ul few few 
wfewfet fe uut uuw uw wfe yfetwfet ww fe kww 

■ WW fefet fefe U I yfe U 7 >H 7 WW gU 7 U >Hfe WUfetHT 
few UTW 7 fewfet WWl'd' WW 7 fefeldf 7 wfefef 7 UW I 
wwrw w yfewfet w fewwr wfe usfe vfew few 
WUTW WW W tw fe wfe W wife fe I WBT-feUT ww 
k uww fefe w wfe- fyg- fwfe wuw w 7 ^ wfewfe 
wfe ufe u i few fvrfe few feww fe wwu 7 fawrw 7 ur i 

ufefew W 8,83,544 UW. (1991) UWW few wfewfet 

fefe fefe uri fer fe yfewfe few §w fe uhw § 
few* hww www i wfe fejr |fe w 50% fe ww uww 

few (4,72,580 UW.) tW fe WT3W ufe Ul ??W 
ffewwwu wsfe ^wwfe HWW few UW 7 Ul few fe 
fnfe feitlfe w wfe wuw 7 wfe ufe Ul WU W TUW feT 7 
fe wwfet itfe ufe U M3 WW few W W Qdlfefe 
fefewf UW I tw fe UWW W 7 ^WU WW WWW wuw wfe 
fewfet wfe uwfeww W 7 ? fe ¥Ufe fefe fefe U I tfUT- 

feUT WW it WUW fe wsfe WWTW §WU fe tW 7 WW 7 
wfe 7 few 7 w i few fefer wwuft W 7 'ww wfet’ WW WW 7 



UW 7 Ul WW few wfe fewwww 7 feww 18 fef 19 UWW 
UW(1991)UI 

few fe wfe W UHW WIW 7 Ul few fe ww fe 
WeD-ft KWfe WWU few ufe U I WHWU Hffew 
Wfe-sfdWU UW UTW few UH yfe fewur fe H'dd 1 W 
WI 7 fwfe U I UIW fe H'WW 7 feirT 45 fef 36 UWW UW 
(1991) u i few yrwfe fe fWHH fe ^WUT ww ww 7 ufe 
Ul few WW W WW cUUK uw uw ww gw. few few fe 
wfe HUT U I WW fe WWW few W fewu-lfewt few few 
ufe U I few fe UTUH nfe WU WW ffet wwfe 

Ul WW W 7 WWW 7 feuwww 21,000 UW (1991) Ul 

>H T g few w wfe fe uuw fe hw ?ww u »fe feu fe 
ifewt www fww §utw few uwi fer few yugfe w 
twfeuiw »fWoiuH. fe ffeuw fefe fefe tt i Hrgfe fe 

WWW 7 fww 2 WW 24 UWW UW (1991) Ul UUWW fe 

uww few w ifewt wu w ww ww? - uw 7 ufe ur i tuuwwr 
UWW 7 W fe« T U' few feu 7 , WfWVUW, WWW", wfewrwtw, 
www, Hwt ypfw uww 7 fe ufefe uw i few, hiwww 
mw WUT 3 U 7 fanrwrwu ww >hw feffe w T ufew few 
UW 7 Ul fer few few, HfWWW Hffe fefewfetw fe 
W T W 1 W 7 feiW gwww 1 ?fe 97 UTTU UW, 2 WW 41 
UPPU UW Hffe 8 UWW UW (1991) ur I 

fwwm - few W 7 OtfefdlW fewur 1895 fe'.fe 
Hfuw uffeH 7 wti wwrw huww w ww fe ufew 7 few 
uwuw uwfe fe uw fwwur fewfwu oftw i yfe few 7 
fePHW WU wfew Hlfe cft-WUT w# fewfefe UW 1 few 
few yw fe w t w 7 ?7 7 feuw 41 wy uw ui wfet wuw 
UWW fe WWW fe fefeu-ufeft WUT few wwtuw UW I 
few uu ww 60 wuw wtuu uw ffeyuu few 7 few 7 u 
uw fey wtfwu fe w r uy r w yffe Cfewt feu fe ?uw ww 
ww 7 fey uwfeww tnw uwQw fe wwfe uw i wtfwu 
w 7 www 7 fwww i wuw 94 fey uw >wfe uwfesw 
trw 19 fey 30 uww uw fer i few ww, whw 7 mfe 
fewfet W 7 WVFW uwfew fe wwfe fe UWI 

yuwwfet fe www — few fe ygwt wwvt feu 
wwfe yfe feu-vnuuF e 7 few wuw 7 tww fefeyf 
ufeyf u i few feu fe>w-w>Hfet fe wwjw 7 u 7 fewnr wl 
few ww ufew wfe fw few feuu wrww u 7 yrfwwu 

(1895-1945 fe.) UU 7 wtl WOTW HUWd W fefeU- 

feyw ffew 7 feu wuw 7 yu'felw »ffe ufefewr feu 
yuw-uew fet ffew 7 ’u iwfw g w wuw ufet wfufei 
WWW 1957 fe. feu wwfet urfe fe! uw ffew WWW 1 
UUW-UgW ffew 7 ’U HU wfufe $ WUW feu fett'0'felw 
uw i wfetu few, unfewvr, uww wfet wffe wfuu wt 
WWW 7 WW UU UWI wfeferw feu WWW 7 ut wfe 
wfe 20,052 fwwt, (1991) Ul few UW-HUUT 7 U 
wwfet fwuw 2,439 fwwt. (1991) Ul feU-HTUU 
ffewuruu uuut uuwt wfe UW I uw-htuut ffewu 7 ^ 
yyfe'cs uu fwuiw w u^fe uw i hu uw-huut guf 




315 



fwnrw a agar few a awi afe^ 7 * a usfe aa 
7 >Tft orf fefear, fewar aa'wtew, wear feed ana' aw 
fafe afet feaa-awfe 3 a 7 31 fet 3 ?fet 
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afeww >H 3 cr^ fefear >>f 33 gnjerat agfet w 
aw 1 afefe'w fea 8 aw wfetwa aw fafe fee 1 few 
to watea ufetrai 

- afefe'w ^ fetfe ?W “ate HWt 
^era fed™ sfaw ” a ate fea ai fen at 
aaniw 7 1970 fe. fea feat aife ati afefe'w a 7 
tefet aw aafeaw 20 few ww ga 7 a 1 ite 1991 
fea afefe'w at gw waa 7,617 fete »fe 
aaw 6,286 5 raw w at 1 afefe'w a 7 fawwaa 
aw ow., anrw, atertear, aaawt, gr. fe, fete 7 
yfea an 7 ww ga 7 a 1 afefew a aw waa a 7 34% 
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»te ate a 7 anw at waa few aa ai aa'Ha 
aaa»r fea wfe<sa aatwat mw fewaafwfe aw 
aaewai 

after afaa — a 7 Ftufera 7 aaaaa r aftra'a 7 >ra 
aawwt a 1 afeftt fea faafea afea a »ra for at aw 
> H 7 a 7 at 2.72 fwwtew (1991) ai aw w afha gf 
atfedT a 1 tea Hfaa aaw-ukHf aa ww wfew a 1 a 7 ©' 
atefe at aw wet 14 wa ai spf- atfear afaa 
fea afetew w 7 a 7 Hfaa aa fea fter ate aaaara 
a 1 few a 3 a after afaa a-gar, at-aar, afaw-a ^vra 
gyf 7 wfew aw i 

<$oT 

few at aw >H r a T at 2,07,27,000 (1992) a 1 aa 
fea wet te #3 ma maw fea feat waf a 1 ww- 
tewfemaw 570 femaat uat a. fa. at. aifer 
a faa-ugfe ear fea wafer fazt, afew waa 
>H 3 faafaia feernwaw maw fete ai uaat ai 
fea uatet wew craw mww ura ai wa a fa 
afetew fea ufuwt wt fewt wa w a an hw »fe 
gw te feta faiwat wtet tefe fe a 1 writ hw H 3 T a 
wia twufefef 7 w afetew few aw few few 7 at 1 
few a iratet aaa fea Mfea^fet wa afaa aw 1 fefe 
fe feiw 3 t 3 ?fe 45 aw a 1 few at wef fea awt 
awt a 7 ^ 7 3 " fea 7 ai fea 1991 fea awn »fe hw aa 
gxw 1 .57% w 0.52% a 1 afe fe hww aa feaa 
0 .72% a 1 aafefe feaa Hawfe aTaw few a Haa* - a 7 

mhww afew 71.52 w w fenaafer a 7 76.97 

H 1 m a 1 fea a wa ara sar a aw 1 

aan - fea a ; ?aa wa fa eran f nwa aw 1 aa 
fea gafer a 4,020 naa aw 1 wfe erea fea fenaar 



aetaw 

aw arw wa 7 at feiaal 30 wa a aa a 1 fea a 3 ^ 
faa wa aafwa »ia uaawa tran w at Hwa aw 1 

fefw uwwt — fee 1968 a 1 aa fea 63 1 15 
w at §aa a afafe wet aawt fefa>r gaa faat 
feat ai fe-r 1983 fe aaw a nfe faat fefw 7 a 
fewafe fea aaatwt aaa aaa few fefepw a 
feffefe aw fafe fea 7 a 1 fer 1991-92 a aw fer 
fea 2,495 iffeHat aaw, 1095 aaaat aaw »fe 
123 feaat fafen 7 a ngw, 50 awa w 3 
wt^dfadlfe hw 1 fea neafet ufefea fefaw 
wfe aw 1 waww afetw awfeafeat (1928) afetCr 
fea ai fea w few 7 ^ 7 afeta fea a'h*w 7 aeaw 
gwfeafeat ( 1946 ) w whtiw wfe geffeafeat 
(1926) ai fer a 7 hw fe naaa aarfea iya “waeiw 
uwa fefafea” fe - afefe fe 3 at a fea fea awtfe 
afef 7 hw fe ffew 7 ufetw fefe, aw 7 faerfe, aa, 
faaa Ma aatar 7 uafe 7 aatar 7 aw 1 

feaa — 3 ' 5 fe T <5 fea aafeaf >aa feea faaa 
ifefe aW 7 nawa 7 iraa aw 1 fer fea 94 naafet 
aia 727 afefea aaaaew awi afetu feafea^a 7 
awaw >na feaa aaaarw a 1 

feiT-WT 

♦s 

afejoft fea 7 — fea a 7 naa 7 Haafet uaa aa 
aaw 7 afef srta 7 afe 7 ai fea aa ferw 1- (ww) 
awarawt, ffeafefwa 7 , wfeawfea, utfaar >Ha 
aaaw awi ww aaat fea a 7 gat ga 7 a feaa 7 fe 
>wt hww fe Hwar ww fef aaa 7 a 1 afear a 7 afer 

S »\ 

aar Hdafe aaafef 7 aw afe afafe fea ?iaia- 
u r foa 7 fe aw 1 

w 1992 fea afefefw ’a few fwat aafetar 
hw fefe w ara afe - fea wr fear ati fea m 
faarat a 7 ^ ffeawaar (WHwfwaa wfe) a 3 fe 
fea a i fer fea fea wat a 20 wa naa uwi 
f^fawaaT a 7 ga fear fe a fea f “ate ga 3 a” 
araa awi fet a 3 a fwat wfewfear few 
inafe” nfe few titeafeor nafwaa erafe fe aw 1 fea 
fe aafe^ w g>w >>roa aw 1 fea a gw i 6 i hw 
aw >na 1992 fe. fe afe fea ffetteaar aafe w 96 
fea 7 aaw feater hw i few iHaafea urafe w 50 
fea 7 a fea aara feat at 1 

afew - afetem fea aa fe gw farwat 2 
wtr 90 aera ai fer fea gw is fewfafe afeafe 
aw 1 ffer a few 7 ^ 7 4 ag afer >na 20 fewa >> 73 - 
fewfe aatetwfe aw 1 aw-w 3 w 200 agafe aaa? 
aw >na aw aw 7 fe gw faiwat 38,000 aiaafetia 
3 w 485 wwte aafet aam awi agfe aa fe 
ffewat 72,000 a 1 fea ftewaa iat airw a.a.>jf. 
ayfeaarai 




316 



OTHT 



fetfe — fey fe fenft ot 7 fe f?fe 3 T sk T ?>sw 
!: i fey otw 100 hz 1- fey tfeM 7 few o 1 OTfefe'H 

JTO OT 1, 5, 10 OT fey MOT 10, 50, 100, 500 MOT 
iooo ot tth 07ii fey fe yfetf f hot Hfe fey w? 

WOT MOT HOTHt dTd'OT'd ¥ fef HOW tfe MHO fe?7 

HOOTWlty M^ dMfe'*,feTOT 7 HOTOT;tfeyUW 
tfy O ’HOT for OT fetf'^ 7 17 faW ?WOTW 30 
both] y of' feM 7 Hnyfe 077 i 

felt fot 7 mot felt offer - fey ot felt hot w hot 
hhh o' i fejy yy uht ot 7 fun 7- TffH 7 y fan fey hotot 
oot ot 7 hoot ffeyfeM 7 yfHM 7 y 1 hoot otm 7 ??" 12 nyy 

HOT OH 077 1 fey OT 7 dfe dftOT ‘HHT fe77 fe HHfe TOTH 
MW 0OT 7 ft M3 fen offe OT 7 H77 GOTO H77 OT fofW 
fe feH fe HOT OTOT Hfe-MOT OT HOTfet 0 I 

H.U.-fer. fa. 9. : 627; fef. fa. OT. 11:511; ^OT. Mil. 
26. : 232; fe. fe. H. 1993-94 

HfeT : feH feOT HOOT Udfet fetH MHT HOOT 
HOTsT (HOT oTOTOT) OT M'feOTd'H BoTH OT UfOTM OT fey 
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fa'Ufecf OTHT OT feOT 7 UfOTM 7 fe <HH fdTOTOTt 52 Ofe OT 
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W OOT OOT I OTHT OT 52 ot UfOTM 7 OT H'ddH UHT fey 
ffeftM 7 OOT-HOOffM 7 dHfeO 7 fe feufetOT HOT ffe 0OT 
OTOT MOT MOTOH feH 1 OT 13 W OTHOT fe? 077 H fed 
MOT VOTOT OT UfOTM 7 O' d OTOT ddl OTOT MOT OyH MOT 
fyfeM 7 OT UfOTM 7 feOT cTOT HOT fey UOT HOT I OTOOTt HOT 
fey feOT 7 UfOTM 7 § ^HW, OTOT 7 (HOT 7 ) OTOTt, ffeo ft, 
OTOTt, Ufe, feoff , Hdl , MOTt, TTfOH 7 , OTfeOT, OTH 7 
(3JOTH), HOlf (HOTH) MOT HOTHOTT fed 7 OTOT 7 OT I fUSH 
fOTOT UfOTM 7 feOT MOTOH UOT OTHOT 7 OTt H 7 OTIHOT, HOT1H 
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OTOTtM 7 OTOT OT ^UOT OT 7 OTOT ITfHM 7 OT 1 feOT fOTOTtM 7 
HOTOTtM 7 OTOT I fUOToTOT 52 UfOTM 7 OT 1 feHOT 7 OTOT feOT 
¥ UOT # OTOT OTOT OT fec^ 7 OT OTHt UOT 7 OTIH OTOT OT 
^ U 7 OT ^OTfOTM 7 feOT 7 OTI feOT UOT OTOT feM 1 " HOT 7 
ffeOT OTKfe ¥OTOT feOT ?fet' Mf^OT I 

feH HOT OT MW OT HOT MOT HHOT HOT HHt 
fedfOTOT OTOTt' feHOT 7 UOT feOT MOTOTOT JOTfeM 7 feOT 7 OT fe 
B T feOT feOT HOT 7 fe OT 10 fe Hdl OT IfeOTOTOT fdfH HOT 
HOT OTHt OTtl HOT HOT 7 OT HOT MOTOTOT feOT HOT Ufafe 
UfeH fell OT HOT UHt UOT UOTfetM 7 OTHOT OT HOT HHfeM 7 
fe fOTdd 7 OT MHOTOT OT OTH HOT OTHOT § feH OTHHOTt fed 
HOTOT OTOT I feH OTf 7 feOT OTOT HOT MfeOTOT OTF MOT HOTOT7T 
Mfet HHH feM 7 oTOT 7 OTOT I 

OTOTU fOTOT OT T H fOTOT" UOTHOT OTOTt ? feH HOT fe OTH 
OTOT feft fOTHH OT'OTOTHl UHJOT OTOTt 3fe I UOTfetM 7 OTfe 



OT UfOTM 7 OT HOT OTS" fe?ft fdM'A' OT feOT MH-fH 
HOTFfeM 7 felM 7 OT fe OTHU ffeOT OTH H’feOT fe?T OT 
HW UH OTMOT 7 fe feH OT fe UfeH 7 feH OT feOT 7 
OTMW fHMFOTt HTOTf OTOT fe 1%OT fey MOTH OT OTHOTIotM 7 
fefOT 7 feH Mfet OTOT I fef fer feH 7 fOTOT OTOT HOT fi-THt 
H'OTof'dl OT feOT UOT" HOTTOT 7 OT fe fey HOT fefe UOTfe 
HOT OT OTfe OTF feOT UOTHOT Ht fefe fedfe feOT 1299 
fe. OT, HU7T feOT 1371 fe. OT, HHHOTt feOT 1380 fe. 
OT, OTfeH feOT fe 14 fe HOTt OT OTH OT UOTHOT HOT OT 
UfeOT feH OTH I feH OT^ 7 fedlHOT OT UfeOT fefe feOTW 7 
OT UOT HHIOT 7 OT fe OTHTHH ife H HOT OT UlOTM 7 ^H" 
fef fed feOTfeOT OT OTOT OT feH HOT HfeOT HOT I 

MHfedT fey UfeH 7 UfeH OTOT OTfeOT HHHH 
OTOTOT 7 feMfet fafe 1 HMfOT feOT M0TUOT, OTOTOTtfeM 7 
MOT ■OTHyfeM 7 OT fey MOTOT 0OT OTH fey UOT feH HOT 
few UOTHOT OT yfet I feH Hfe OTHt fefe fey HOT OTOTt 
yrtlM 7 ¥ Usfl OTOT HOTTt I 

UfeH 7 UfeH OTOT H feHHOT OTTOT Hfe ^dfOTM 7 
OTOT 7 fe MOT feOT OTH, OTOTT Mfe 7 fef fef MOTOT fey 
MOT fef fef UOT'dU 7 fe HOTfe fe I fefe HOT 7 feOT fef 
fef few OT ffe^ 7 UfOTM 7 fe fdlOTOT) fe 50,78, 97, 
62,36,32 MOT 40 M 7 ! 7 ? gfe dfe UOT HOT Hfet OTfeM 7 OT 
OTOT OT 7 52 UfOTM 7 ¥ T HOT3OTOT HOT UOTHOT OTI feH OTf 7 
feH OT UfOTM 7 OT 7 MTHHOT 6x9 fe. fe. OT 7 OTOT 7 OTI HHof 
feH OT tOT OT W UHfe OT OTH, OTOTT MOT UOT MOTTOT" OT 
OTHfeyfefHHOTUHl 

MHf OT3OT fe fed OTOTft M'yfed OTTT fetM 7 
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H M T UH ffeOT fOTUH 7 fe HOTfel OTfe OT OT 7 H MOTdH fOTH 
OT OTHOT HW H 7 fOTH H6TOT I feH OT ffew ^iffM 7 HOT 7 
fe HfetdT UOTOT 7 OT MOT UHOTffeoT TOf OT HOT ^feM 7 
MOT HfOdl OTHT fed fe fi-THOT 077 1 

Uyfef HfW ffeOT OTHT HOdTOT WOT 7 WfH fefefe 7 
aw ot 7 fey hoot yfen 7 fei M'uf*d nffeM 7 ffey 
OTHT OT UfOTM 7 fe fef fef fefe fe HHgfe 5W Hfe fe 
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HW fe OTTiy OT OTH OT fe fOTOT feOT U77 I 

sf'dd fey feMHJ M'feM 7 , H77H ffefe fe MfWd 
UH HOT MWfe fefe" fefH fed OT HUHOT OT HH“ OT OTHT OT 
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fenfe feM 7 cffHOTt OTHT 7 HfefM 7 yfeM 7 U77I 

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yHfeM 7 077 I dfe #y OTHfe yfe fe feH 77^7 5ffe OTg 
OT OTHHf fe TOTOT d dd fed'O OT 077 I Mdoiej ?OT Ws 




317 



zzfe z sfet zz FfF 7 ^* 7 w hhw fFF fht stFf 7 
sfet ff 7 Mfzzbv Ft ySfor 7 zfetw Z3 ferrS fez 
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hub $ zz zwz wafers z r fw ut 7fo hut 

feH f FF fow F HfoPHH F FF F Ft FUf-W 7 
WW Z I FHT Ftfo FF 7 H^HH 7 Z3 fow, HUTtF, 
d'd'-fefdl'HTr, fefFFTT, |fdlft , 6 Id d d 1 , FFTStFt 
FfF UTft FcTFtoT FrfF fe?F fefW S WW FW 
y^ T fe>HH 7 F 7 Fi 

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wh Hfent St zzzz fez afet zz 3H 7 feu Ft 
^dfddF tFF 7 fdd 1 FI fr-t*^ Hg" HJ f^rd d'H F UfeW 

z ff irffof S foySt Fe'fcr ?fet Fdfd'H 7 fuw r i 

HTT 1685 f%S HUB F FF SSf 7 PHIF FfuS HHU 7 

rt d HF Fd 'H F fecT dl'Sdrtd tH'o( 3 fidQittH 

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fos ff for fefo fs^yrnfoyfofo‘s r Fl' : UH T 

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USfoF F77 I MFT FFFh+ tFFT ^fohF FF HHFF FF+ 
FTT, SF H ¥tF/ #Ft, BHt, F¥hj-(HtU), Ffo^SHF, 
fFF-S-FrT (30 UF), FSH (FFF), 3Z~ 33'Oz, HWl 
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FF Z\ FFF HfoFF FF F7T Z FFT 733 FFlfo" 
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FFF S SFT feF §f FFF TTW KF1FFT IFF STF 
fed Ft FFfoF tFFtW FT) I 

U-.U.-’fo. If. >F. 9: 513 (1985); FtF. Wf. 5 : 638 



F T HFtT : jfoF 

d'HoitJ : — for ^FF-UFSt 

QsQfFHF* St for FffoTOF F ifelTSFF FFFFS 
15,600 W. fF. Ht. (6,025 Z. Hfo) FiF FFFfot 
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FtforfeS 4,311 Ht. (14,144 ZZ) FF f'stfo SBt^ 
FF ZZ fF SFF-lfeHt for HSfot FI tfo Sfo>T 
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^FF 1- 350-400 fo, Ht. FF §fo FI 

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FFF ITOfodl FTF UF FFF §FFFF F fejFF 7 

witf fev f w >ff fhh»f fey w Ffenr tTfo 

FI ’HW-FiFF FlF-iTFFt tFF-fFfFPXFSF FFF FI 

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FfF HHtTiFt ffoTF Ftcft FFFt FI 

FTF feF Ft HF FHF F I ffo F foi'F 1 ' FFF, 
Z3, UZH3, HFtftfo M3 -FUfF MiF Ft ifo oftF 
rFF UF I Ud'ri' FTF FFtfo f%F UHH F cftF FFF 
FfF Ff-UF5F F r FH Ft ofot fedfefF fel feF F 
H'dFHl FfF FfUF-HFHffl FFF’’ f?F FsF Z\ Ufotfo 
fefetfo FT7 1 fFFFtF Fffor &3 sfet FF-ferfot UfU 
Ft UT) I 

U.y.-»)lF. fe. K 1 ". 11 : 569 

F'Hcitf : Hftra" — ffo f-FHfcTHFrr Ft 
d'HU'?)1 Z F FFFF5 FJfo F FSF FF fodFiF Ffet 
fFF 450-80 Ht. Ft fedfel f^F HfefF FI fedUld 
FffoT fFF dWld-F UfetFT dfet 6 fdd' feH HfUF S' 
W-FF FUfoyfe UT7 1 feF HfUF FfeF ZZt W Uftfot 
HFt Ft. U. S' - Ffw FfeFF F FfF HH HF for f sfet 
FF FF 73^ feTF 1 FFT, Fdfod, WWdliZ M3 feFFF 
TFF Fferr Ffo" feF F I feH F HOF 7 ?fe ‘FFFF’ 
Z T H'Ffeof FfUF 'UETF Z T ftfo F fZZ Z T feofF UfUFt 
FF fePH^Ft HFt fFF Fffenr I 

feF FHFSTFt FfF FW F 7 feF foiF FFF Ht Z 
gFU fFF FFW HW F oHFfFfo F 7 HF FFF Ht I 
Ffefo HFt fFF feH HfFF Q"d FfFB 7 F 7 W F 
fePH 7 1 for f gryfF fen &z ofet hfwfT)' iFufes^f 7 
F 7 FHT fori FfF 13 Ft HFt F HF fFF feH ^F 
Hcffe 7 F 7 c(FtH' F fePH 7 1 feH F HTFfF fej FF fFF 
ffet FHF 7 rfF id y 1 d)l M 7 WjtTf Tdd 1 I feH 3 ftlF” feF 
FfHTF fFF 7 FF 1809 Ft. fFF WF F FFT HW 3 
feH S' FrFF fFF H 7 )^ oTF ferFf 7 '! HTT 1865 fFF 
dlfl'H 7 S’ feH Q“3 FHF 7 FF fFFf 7 1 Oh HH feH HfUF 
St MWZ\ 70,000 F WF3T Ht FfF feF fw 
FHtFFF HfFF UF 7 Ht I feH F 7 UH TFF FUT 7 FF 7 ? Ft 




318 



dfe, 3WH? 

Ht I HIT 1867 ffed for fe 33fe9T3 r 77 3 7lfe 
ai^fesd<:-3?>dtt w uatroff- few w ffedr few M3 
fen 3 utW feW 3 hbw fe fer 75fe wfe feW fe 
73 ffeg w few 1 W 1917 3 sWar Wo gfe gWt- 

<?' few fe fell fefeMd 7^33 Hyfe oddl I H77 
1924 3cf 1W dfefeH'd'd 93)193*3 fefeMd H>F3~ 

dlid'M fe JTTOfe HfeW fW* 93 1924 fe. 
ffed 3133*3 3 fe# 3*3 §fefe H33fe3 §3951 

rwwfe 3137*3 fe ufeW d'nufe) fefewi W 

1930 ffe3 3W £ fe 37*7* feJT fe 7*39*7# 93* 

feW few i 

nrotWr 7TO nfetMd fefefe Mw fe m* 3- 
fWid* M3 ferfgrdf 3* H9 few 71 for e 933 
Ofefdi 579 * 7 , yJfeW 3 whw M3 We 1- §3 Wt 
77*77 H993 777 1 few ffe3 §Wffef3W 77*77 H993 
cfeWjfWt (1920 fe.) M3 §3H51 M5F3># M*3 
fero 77*77 3303 ofet HHW 7771 fed 3 fW.^ 1 
fe3 offe feF33, M3*fW W3, 9*33, WfeMH M3 feel 
U3H M*3 W333 fe 3 1 

JT77 1966 ? 1W 77*77 fed feW 3* 333 
SofFW 3few fW 77*77 3,00,000 7751 gw 7 313 H77 
33 fed 3 i H*M3 feW 3* 333 H'd 1 fdH' 39*7* 3 
HfewfeW^lfeWfW 15 fe M3 16 fenfeM* 
few 93tw 33 O'd^ra - feH'dd' 3 « f<5 6 

feffewr fe 7 3 Mdfe 51*77 fe 3W.333 933*39377 
ta 31 HHffef 333 W3 93377 feflw M3 
d'd'fctHd** 3* 939-W5TH, 3331 fe H33H* fe fet 
fe 31 

fet 3 r 3 T 3, W3fe M3 gfefeW frfe Uf3 
fdlfedl WE KcT 377 M3 fet fe 80% ?9 dfew M3 
§39o#M*fe7l 

M*9*fe - 21,19,900 (1991) 

41°20' §. ffe9.; 69°18' U. 33. 

J.U.-HtTT. fe. HR 11 : 570 

d'H , d'doltJd (Tasso, Torquato) : fW 9777 
3*dj3l 51*77 3 H3T7ST H9 3* fWfe 3H?3 H7*?7 
5ife fe ffeT 3* Hd'cl'ffe ‘Gerusalemme liberata’ 333 
Ofet 31 fed 3* 333 11 333, 1544 77 39773 3 
77*7f Wfe ffey Wfe Offe M3 33331 3333# 33 3 
U3 3feWI feW HHlyd', fe - fe M3373 33 (1556) 
M3 W 3 Wife 3333 333 fW 3^ 33377 333 
Hfe33 t M3 wife feWr felWfe I Wr 1554 ffe3 3fe 
Mnfe fWr 7733 33 ffew M3 fW 1556 fe. ffe3 
MdfeS 3 3333 f%3 tfew Ifefe fW fsfQd 3 U33 
7737 U^3 T fW 7 1 

3fe fe oTTTW fe iHd'3' 33 oRFfew fe 3331 
TT 1- ffefe fel 377 1558 ffe3 33oT WW Wfe fefe fefe 




codotfid 3 T 3 

3377 M3 otdrtMRf fe ffe? 3 377 fe 333 OfefeM 1 " I 377 
1560 ffe3 ffer fe srfetR fe ffeffew frfe irfw ffefe 
feffew f#W I Oh 33 3337 ffe-T fe ‘Discorsi dell’ arte 
poetica’ feyW M33 fefe 1 377 1562 ffe3 fW fe <33 
fe3 WW fe fafeWI 377 1565 f%3 fW W3T 
ffe3 oT3fe7777 ffeW U3T feWt 5f3?7 OT; Ot f#f3 
few fW fTfe fW fe 333 fe Wtw 3ll33fe 
STfedW fofeMFI 377 1569 W3 dfe 3 fW 1 " fe H3 
3 3lfel 377 1571 f%3 fW f#f3T 3 3d3'd>fe f%3 
HT-fTT" odd 1 ffew M3 fW oif^d' ffetfS" 1%3 33 
fewi m 1573 f%3 fW fe ‘Amnita’ 73 W U| 
ffefyw I 

377 1575 f%3 dfe fe MRld 7- 3W3 ‘3|3HV 
rffydd' 7 33377 fed 1- 1 f#3 HTJfeW ffe3 fW fe ufW 
3733 3 MHlfe HfeffeW 3 3337 3l3fe fel 3 dFd'Tfe 

?333cfe3U77l Wfsfdd'Hd STdrfe ffej fW fe 513 

ferffel M3 Udfefecl 37Ffew 3377 fee 

f377^77 fe 7>fe TTfeWl c!77 r 3 1 " ffe33 r 3 odd' Mo 
3dT7d' U33 fefe I Wlife fW 3037 %3 fd fed 7 
fW^Tfe Ufe U3fe7 3dfefe M3 H3 fe 3333 
fefe I fW 3fe fW feol ffe 337351 Wl? 3T fWT3 \ 
ffeW I W 1579 3 1586 351 OT 3 feWol 3 Mfel 
7737 ffel fe dHUd'rt ffel 33 fetw fdlW I W-T 
3337 d'H fe ffe77 fe 3 T 33ffe3 M3 dfdol ^'dd r 77 T; 
fefe fWfe ffe ffel 3 HU3 3fe ifdfe 3ffed 16 fe 33 
3t ffeWf fe ^ddST 3 r §33 77373 377 I 

HfeW 3 3 fed '3 3 3977 33 3 HTTfel 158 
ffed d'H fe fdd' odd 1 ffeM 1 " M3 W? fe ffeld MdP 
ddH'd ffel fe W3 1 fel ffel fe fee Torrismondo’ 7 
W 3fe3 Hfe377 fed 1 - 97 fW 33 WH H377f W fHcl 1 
7 few M3 3'd W 3 33 fTTfeWH 7 i ffej 3H M 




319 



fuff Pool'd yfe w'Qh'' fey fey feH f wj3t»F 

FFHF ^feFfe OF^FI FFHF 1594 fey UU F feH 
F HW UFHF EW feyt *fF OFT ofet U&'Qz W 
y^fy odd 1 UF H'dd 1595 fed d'H felLF O' few 
>HF 25 WJF F feH Ft HF O' yfet I 

d'H Ft H'6Ho< Htxfet fey of ff fen f 
H d'dffe Ft FFFTFtFt HOF Ht §H feF life fell F 
nfTFFHHt WOT# CTOMoT feF'd 1 ' F HW FOF Ft 
Ht I FH 17 Ft" FFt fey feOFt F H'fFdF HFF §F 
»fF 18 Ft F 19 Ft HFt feH HF FOF F JT’fOFdT 
Hdd F el 1 fe / H T fdd 1 I fed HfFHfT fOPH 1 " F fF feF OFF 
Ft feHH UfFFT F 1- >FFF Htl feH £ HIFF HHfeW 
fOW yfe HOF OF do( HF T fs > H T Ft fepyr Ht I 

O.y.-nte. fe. HT. 17 :1075; <7751 >>tF. 18 :187; ^ H. 

26 : 280. 

d'Hrtl, WilTT'tld : fey fey# Ft yHTHtFF 

KHF, FfeHF Hl-TOFF >HF FFt Ht ftTHy >HafFt 
fefefdnyrHH offed 1 ‘La secchia rapita’ (‘Ft OF ML? Ft 
HF?’) BFf ulmr FI fen FT FFH 28 HFHF, 1565 f 
fety fey- Ofe>HT I fen F HHHH' , fUF >XF Ifft 
F t»fT gFfedfHOlmr F fet^W UOTF Ffet I >H T FF 
FfeF FT FHy HIT FHFt F OH F FF FH ofWtFFH 
Ft H^t feF feyfePHI feH Ffer F'ddc< 0H7FFT 
fed ‘Considerazioni sopra le rime del Petrarca (1609) 
OFF UfHH F fdH fey feH F Udd'dd >HF §H F 

HTforaFT f p tfeyf or i fen Ft hf ^ hfft offt 

‘La Secchia Rafria 14 Ft HFt feFHW<W r MF Hst* 1 
HfFFT feFoPF feF HWt tfef J 5 ^- 
^'ipfdF FI fF HHfet W&7E F FOF feF ftTF Ft 
fFHFt HF M OFt FI FTRFt F feH 3fe Ffe ^F 
fFF FF OTF MF «3'Fl FFtF Ft p - HtFF fFfof 
FI 

WtHfet F r H?tt Ft HfFT- fey 25 ^lUF, 1635 
F HF FOTHtl 

F.U.-^. fe. IF. 9 : 837 

HHT 5H7FH# : feF fSHFt ft fesr ufHF 
FOWt yfF ofet Ht I feF fHFFt F HFTOF OFF TPOTFt 
oTE F HF F 1 HFTF 5fet FWFF F'H W ftlFTHtl 
HOFW FF Ft H77H HOOPH fey 1 1 FISH, 1493 £ 
Ffeyf i feF hft Hwfeyr gfg»p- fe>noTFt nt >hf 
HH jt UFtfeyp Ft H^T feF fOFT Htl HF 1556 feF 
fHH Ft VF?ft Ft HF HFFt O'Wd fey Odl yfF fen F 
HFfoyp- F fen §■ H^FH feF ^HyHt ofw I 9FFW 
>HF §H FT UFO F# 1 >H0HtF FF 3TH fHF feF fefcT F 
FOyrot HF FIHI feF F^ ?fFH FF OIF ^fF Hdri'dd 
F miF UFF $ HfOlF HrfOFSr cFOtT feF JHHF 



FTOTOTlF 

HtFTi ^h ft Fyor ?hf Hyoor oro^fe^F >hf 

§H §■ yrfyfT Ft ^Ffeottrot feF 5W sro^fenFI 
yfF feF HOA'dd fe©of HFF fWF F yRltF 
>HHfedlWlnfT (Ostiglia) Ft dRdrid HF fOPHr I M HH 
FOTF 5 HFHF, 1569 §" feH Ft HF FOTHti 

HdfS'dd F HFF fefipxr fet^' feF feH F 7 
‘Amadigi’ (1560) HFd'fe fPHF FI fHH FtW" OF 
%FT fey FHF, OftF, HFHtF >HF 55 HTHF OF I 

O.y.-’te'.fy.HT. 9 : 836; ^F.>H>1. 26 : 280. 

■d 1 d d 1 fcfl , ’d (Tahtawi, 

Rifaah, Rafiat) : feF feHF ft feF feuy yffeMOIF 
»fF feFF^F Ht fefH F feHTHfeoT fey 'dU'd' F 7 FFF 
HFTHFT FtFT Ht I feH Ft HFH 1801 Ht. feF FFJF 

fey ofeyri fen ft yfo^r if ifen ?hf §f feyp 

FF 1826 Ht. feF feF OfeH feF fHHOt fetHyPOFtyP 
FT FFHF ndWriF HF F ffePvF I feF UTT HF 

feor mf hff yyfed Ffeyri feny fey ftuh w f 

1836 Ht. feF feH F yfFFTF fefy FT FFH 

Hyrfeyr i fen f fefdO'H, fyfe >hf fesnyt-HfeH 

Ft»H FHt UHFFT FT >HF¥'F npy cftFr W yfrifet 
Fy-oy of FOF’feyri fey 1848 fey wh ufofr 
yyy §f tfeypi ^h f hh ifent hftf f feft ?n?y 

FHF Ffeyr tPFT Fft I fey 1848 F 1854 3F feF 
yyp fey yffawiF fff feyri hf feF yrife 
feHFd'yyF FFTH fey HF fePHT i 

mfet>fe yy?Hfe fey fen f fen few f tTrory 

FtFT fa fapg- fa^ faFg- fa^- fag- fagf HOFF 
FHftFt F I feH F feyry >HFHTy HHHTF Ffe IHHW 
FT Hddfe'Tfr gfa^p- g gr u fetFU FI 

E6T F yfftraryt FFt OF UF H'FH'd F npyF 

feHF yfFHy uyr yyr ffaoHF bjoft f'JIf 1 o'! fey 
fen yfe y FyFt nt fe ftfe rfer hff of hoff >hf 

HHIT fey HFHF Ocf yJly F >HF FF?FWtft Ft 
HFF 7EE Ud'dUd feVFt OFt FFIfI FI 

feH Ft HF 1873 Ht. feFOfel 
O.U.-^F.feHT. 9 : 769 

d'd 1 dHtS : fHHF F feH HrfOFFF F 7 TTFH 14 
Tfeyy, 1889 F HniTUHF (Maghaghah) fey ofeyfl 
fey feF HriHOF fFF ufoF'y fey uft ofeyr >hf 2 
H r ft Ft snt feot §Hy fey ot fen fenryt fff 
feHFtyr yfyr Ft fefet ywt yfet i fer i902feyfeH 
oCfdd 1 F feF UHy fefew 5TFF yfF-tydd'd feF 

fefFyr unfaf tffeHT fopiT pf fey hff fey 

&f ft yfe Hfenfi fey 1908 fey fey Frfyy r 

w>fedlH<n fey yryF f ffeyr >hf §f feHF dMoo 

^t feyryf yniF Ffet i fefe Ihhf hohf fey ygy ^t 
*> 

HfeHFT Fry H'tiot'dl UH1F offet I 




fefeH 



320 



fefa»r ipufet fetfe fea oi r fud T fey rratt 
yfya a 1 " Otaa feyyy a faiM 1- uffe ft feu - 
Ud l dcwtl'>f’" rt'tt few oT TO tjrt yfe»T I rmy tfe 
fe HW fta rnfet HWafett ‘WT-»W T K’ (2 TO) 
aw gay ufyy affean fey a araraaf §y % 
ttfauyy tj'yittsigcd ( 1932 ) »fe ‘at Htfe w fea’ 
(1943) USK fey yaa Ufey at 1 

mfe rara-sy fww fe feyfe »rutt yyyy 
(Fi sh Shi’al-Jahili) fey fefuir ttTOI for UHacT 
c<'d(S fentH yod rryaro otl d-ra fen fe uffey ^yrt'6 
yy faro few 1 mitt unaa yyayya wf-yyi^i- 
fe-fey fey for fe wjfoar yautfet yffeyro fe 
Wifi w awa otH T l 

HIT 1950 fey fey fe feta^F H3at W rfUy r a 
fed 1 few ftTH dd'cS ftHTT d 1 i-j <£tt H.£ d fett^F t<£ 
at fetfet »FWtt >yy Wfe atw ftfe HHUe 5RT 
featWI 

HBlt fey<6 rFUtl'fe few fed didlu BcT" at 

Hfet aya fe fW77 cfty - WT HacTfe fey HOT 

frwty fret fa faro i 

28 wayr, 1973 fe arfaa 1 - fey ftaat aa a 

aitt i 

y.u.->)fe.fy, y. 9 : 766 

Han-T : fta afe a 1- fta sw crttw a - few 
>Haa t twrR^§aHftFt3 T f^>>fwu?7 ) afyaya 
ai ufaro-ufaro tar a ffeffefaa taa fey fef tro 
atw cast aytro safer htt faTfe at ay-ay fett at 

d'dH'dd St, dl^drtd offd^r o(dtl Hc5 I fed «o( 

yywrya, ast fta, yrrary fey way, Ha-saa^ 
wf sro arat to fey sa at am HHarr a ytaro 
wryy fef a r yasa, Haa arr 700 tow urfaro 
taroa craw tows feud wftw at 1 i4st Hat a fusw 
H'M 1 faa QhcS yrya avaa aaya fey a wafet yaa 

^ yfnjy ya^ ayna ata>a a r Kyyy 1- yfe 1- a 
f?f ffeyyay dfdiHy'(5 aa aa fay 1 fey at fear 
aa wat afet?a ya at fna aftpyi fafe§a at 
Hd'cVc! aataa ^xaya yyrafa yaa a w aaya 
yaya a 1- Haat yt at fear aiay yt a fy fy wita 
fy?raia f ''ai^t atay’ n^ya yai yraaya faa 
yfey yat sraa aa 1 fea Sd yya aa fa H'a au'cS a 1 " 
Haat FPHajy ya yra ayg a yif a 7- uf^r fofyw 
gy aya fey ayta faa iff 1 aian H«da fw| at 
yyta aw afeyta a ayy-uan faa yyr agy a?ay 
faa afaa aa fert fea' nryyy sraa att Hyya aa 1 fea 
faa a sfet aa fafyy faa at ay at ya 1 fea aa 

<j 

yatyat y araa at aa 1 feya 7aa ayr fea aasfet > H3' 
a furry a'a Haaa at aa 1 



3 W hwt; y : ata a yaat yfav 
tfea faa yfya aaat trfey w aa a ay y?ya r 
a yya a aa aaa w afaa yaw faa fea a 1 fy 
aaraar 2,70,000 a. fer.vrt. a yaa faa afey ofe>y 
a 1 ufey yfe ayy faa fey a aatfafey at fafe 
1,189 yt. (3900 aa) a 1,491 yt. ( 4 , 900 fa) aa ' 
aa fa uaat >na ffeat fat faa fef at fafet soc 
yt. (2,600 fa) a 1,000 yt. (3,300 fa) atr uw 
feat a 1 ayy faa aawr, §fea faa atwara >y 
uan aa ufetaa afet iRrafyr fey at faaw 
cfdt'l'fe 06 1 yay faa fea yaay art att ray ttr 
a aaatt yfea faa aaa rry a 1 

d'ow yaar at aaaa sfet y fa yat law 
atat feat at yat att a >ya att yw araai 
§fe-ffe a feaat att aa at afa yta feyat fraa 
305 yt. (1,000 fa) asr at uaa feat at yaa? 
aaw at»r uatw ow to fey yaw awr 
afet att fyyy at uawt saa ayy fe feyat 
ffefefaa 198 tt. (650 fa) a 4 305 yt. (1,000 fa) r 
Qfe'tt aa uaaa aro Cfefefet fat fata aa ■ 
ayaaar ay 1 ustt awa Hero faa ua-uga >y 
atatt feat afer' yrrytaa ysry faa ualFF yy 
waiMa aro fear a safer uayat yafer aa 1 

fefay rraay a feaaaafet ay-ftcryt yfe 
aa to, to arry a ya ufefe a r ufet fey tfe 
faa at feafe a aa a yfe fea yfet fey a a 
affeyw yfe ayfety uafe tt 3 ^ ffeafea 1 r 

ferfecT Ud'd 1 fe aara we yfyyp' att 90 
iso fsr.Kt. aa fey yayy faa at afaa afe arr » 
att att fe faa at yy fey arr i fey a 1 " arra 
ffeir >fe fey fea fe yfeatiit a 1 aay aafe ufe a 
a 1 usy faa yww say 38 fy .yt. >fe yay faa 
fe.yt. a 1 fe affeyfet afetfe >fe yaya a yaa 
tty afe fea a sa a fey rfts fe >fe yyyy 
fart ffe at #yy a ffeat a yfe fey att yy 
rryat st rrut a 1 

feiay yffe a usk fea tyara-aaaFfta r 
yffe a ffeat fea fe riyy-feT fe a fefe t 
uaaa a few a 1- ua tar a 1 

y.y— >jfe.fy.H r . 11 : 517 

'feTfeWHl yfeferfe ^feoP^fe fey yor 

fefe-yaa a 1- rray 1854 tt. .fea aferri yfHa 
fea fefw o(d 6 fe yyfa 21 H'« at fea f 
fea few feaTfty y§a ar fufetua yfem ffe 
yfeyfet yfe sarr feaar a yy a 1- ferray st up 
cffe 1- 1 38 yro at fea fea fey a atr fea feat a 
fay aa fea fea sttaaaa yfe y°>fa fea ^ 



y.u.-a. y. <r. 




321 



d 1 H 



urra a >waa a uaa fewi aa 1911 fee - fen yy 

' r rf r E TT r U T ?7 W dl^dOd y<i fSPW I HcS" 1918 fed fed 
fey-awt H? few >H? 1921-22 fet. fey fey 
Wra W UTFa H^cft Hfew I far a dfert % rffaH 
H r H’ fed fesTai W Hd'«><± yaa fey fet at? I Ha 
1926 fey fen at aa a afet i 

u.y.-ftr. fe.f . 5 .• 327 

d 1 of 1 old 1 srafe tfHTT : fen anrat a'daVddi 
a r nan 1824 at. fey aferr 1 fan? 25 a 1 ? at fan 
fey alaaiza (water) a eaww fey ya sra?a ga 
ytw>wy a a^yw Hoiaa fogyd aferr 1 yyFftr 
5 dlrr fea ocdti^d a nay a yH odd 1 na 
1 857 at. fey fen nay a wafer fey yH yaa aar 
turn fan a yw feaa ata >na Jfaaw fey 
Hti'dof want na fw^'d an rra aaa rrfa fey 
yaa-rffeyfet naat at uatriy fey yya ofty 1 aa 
1901 a 1905 ay naat a aa a ^fediZA (rfHatyg 
fey fay rra aa a anra a 1- gu Man uaaaa 
aa fedy'd ua Hvraa a fora #t anaya yta 1 a 
H'rt yriy fed feaat fed anaa ay a Oy faa 1- ua 
fen Ha at far at ta aaat a afet rra feaa yaw 
yfearaa aa faa - famr 1 fa feaa 1909 fet. ay yH 
oftan aa 8 Ha yrny fen a nrfa rra irfaw a 7 
hw nay y >far urja aferr 1 

•v 

r.y.-fr.fe.t. 5 : 327 

3 T oT T >ta T 37 T : fen ynrat gaatara w nan 
1852 at. fey fet - (ay aartf ) fey aferr 1 feyy 
rrfet ?a feocfHHT yy ati fena saa way at 
y?y g yfefea uuy ?fet ana w ytan fena awna 1- 
aa a tutrr atyaatar^ ftret rra awy fea rruy 




aarHa 1 - fa at swffa ‘say Haft' y fear 



fafuny a 1- aaa rfy a* arfay afta 1 " 1 to - 1887 fea 
aafe afeta »raa ayy a uay a fea g fa a 
waft aaaa feaa a gut ha ' few farm fen 
afer fefe fea anafeyd 1 at aaar feyfet a - 1 ‘stay 
Haft’ ma arfeft a fa ‘aaa §a' >na ‘afetar aarttat 
ta' fea afer yfife fea*" aa 1 

fe 1934 fea aaffe fey fea at na a afet 1 

r.y.-^.fey. 9 : 780 

Hfer H'QWl : fea a^feTfar faafet >na ata 
a 1- fear aar?a twaaaar at feaa aa a ufefe 
aafe fea ?r a fafyyr uora adat Ffti fea a 1- aaa 
1858 at. fea afewi aa 1898 fea. fea a fefa 
(aatrr) w aafeaa aata »fa 1908 at. fea gay 
>na watar a 1- feaa aanga aa 1- a ttarr farm 
aa 1919 a 1922 aa fea ar^feiaar fea fea naff 
a wa a fea 1- 1 

r.y.-ftt.fe.t. 5 : 322 

SFtTW : fea faa uaa aar a fed ad fea a 1 - 
— »\ 0 

fearafoaf feayrfeTTaaafaa a43 far.at.(27 ata) 
ga aya-yaa ^ (*> afaa a 1 fea afaa faa fea fey a 
aw ufWa araa yf arfeyr ara - a 1 afe nyfea aa 
ydd'cs-^l uaaraa is at aat fara aarya at feay 
fa ofyd 1 aaffeyryfa 19 ¥taatfeafeaa r feaar r a 
ddo 1 Hfara Tdd 1 ifea 1857 fea fey a r feataa fe 
aaat yfaiafe ufa ^awa fferi fea a aaamaifett 
aaora a fa ar hw wa aa faa 1 " ma faa afe 
at uaat Tra a?7H T f7w 1 fea yaraa a faww' a 
stafet aaa yuafey aferr a 1 

rryat- 12 , 898 ( 1991 ) 

29° 10' f . fey.; 78° 29' f. WH. 

a.y.-feu. dT. fey. 23 : 206 

3fer HTna : awa r wa ufeyHarwg. ut. 
fea aa?? aat a ayat aa fa rraTa 1- fey afea a 1 
fea rraarat Horaa at feayaar >na wad'd 1 fea 
fea a far fea fey aftraarr a rruat aaia a a- 
yo'd fwa a yaty aawfeyr 1 fea uafe yaia 
afeaaar awraa (aaryaa 1628-58 at.) a nnfet 
afey yraaaa ya yaia, faa f Haaar waa a a+ 
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Ul 

UWfeW QwCidl* fefe 1967 fe. few wwtfw- 
73W3 few WfWM 7 7HfeWUWW W'W W 7 WWW 7 WHW 
Ul wgw few few fewwwwfeww WUWWH fewfew u 
feu 7 U I WWW WgW HWHW fe uftfet 'd HUWfet Ufe 
feWWt WW 1975 fe. fe feWTW few MWHtfetMH UW 7 ? 
W 7 ^ WtWT’fePH 7 ! 

M^'iWfe — Ud r 3W UUfet UW WWW few Wt 
uw# uwufe wfe Hyfet fenffew ?fet ui few wfer 
WUTWWT 2/3 UW# WfetW 7 BUT UWfet gfetM 7 UWI 
HUfeU^f UWfet gW^M 7 UW# WfelW 7 feH W ffefe fUH 
fefe wt WMWtM 7 UfeM 7 WWW #W fdlH 1 d gfetfeWH 7 
WUdW UWtM 7 UWI feUT UWfet Wt few# wfetw 3W W 
W3TS ?rwt MW WWUFH few 7WW WWWt Ul 1970 
feM 7 W Hf few yfe Ufe 257 fe. fe. (160 few) Wfe 
HU# US UUfe fe UW# WfetW W fec^Hd 1 * W fejW #W 




326 



TOFfbx 7 



UF TOF F fFH 7 XTO §FFferar FUTOn F FFF 7 

y dd j cvw HsftJl f 1 ffhh yro §$ H'y 1 feyofd y<tl 
258 far. nt. TOt fto FfetF TOferarHTOF f arroF- 
fro nre festCrife hhfh Fbx 7 fhf 7 fro irorobx 7 

FTO TOFt FI fW F OTUFJ CfeT cfFF Wf TOaTH 

fto f^f ^FTObx 7 araFPF-fefF fwra yro 
fto 7 otf?) feft to# tt'y?*' #t hff HFroyaF 
FF I HF 1990 f#H fefe F TTO HFFT 7 Ft TOfet 480 
far.Ht.Htl 

H 3 cT - TOTOFf, 1990 f#F fet 28,500 far. Ht. 
FHtxf 7 HSTO TO felcy fed 17,700 far. Ht. TObX 7 

Hrfoi ' jto M 3 " fecy fed 700 far. nt. to! yrF-HFFT, 
107 far. Ht. toT aranf -w-? 3 H »ro ufetFH f#F 

Hfet 557 f#. Ht. <H> yl TOTTO-FaBT H3 oT #t HT-TO Ht I 

Front htoft - fna 7 fro f Front hfft 7 to w 
area twfei Front hfff nat hw, toh#f, hto 

»TO TOfe?amTOF F FHFt »TO ferfexf 7 F FFF 7 FTO 
Hfrox 7 Ffexi 7 fi AfcScvyt! frof #f fear Front wro 

FI 

Hof 

TO 1989 f#F fet Ft 3TO ¥F 50,92,603 Ht 
nro fen froa 62.3 uf!hf war TOferar to >xf §f 
F tarofHF Ft F^ TOF §TOF HF >XF feF 3dfc<HFA 
F TO HFFb>F F UFaPF TO FTO TO I TO 1989 Ft 
Haft ^Pt f#F 23 .5% UFfeF §HTO >XF 7 .6 UFtHF 

♦v ' »\ 

d>il H <5 I FftTF rto( HF FF 3 " H *1 HHKHTO FF 1 

fnftPH 7 - TO 1989-90 f#F fet 3,100 
IFfeHFt >XF TOFFt HfF, 10 §FFb>f ffefFW 
HHHTO HfF 42 TOFtoft aTTOF TO I TOfTO HFF 
TOkFfefet fed 12,467 f#fTOJFF#t TOI TO 1951 
fey fet TOfeH Ft HfoFFHt HHfuF cffet Hint I UO-ftF 
FtT HFHF TOF Ft HF F #U feyt) fro HfHF HHH 
fefelXFF Httt UtfFHWFI 

to 1940 fey ferfafoar ^ffhto 7 f Ft FFCFfro 
fro F#t ^^ftoto 7 toft aftFf ainf I 

tof-iito 

fc, 

crarft - fro Ft arM fro fi fro fto f#F 

100 FTOF FF TO I 

- fTO F FF f#F WF^-F^ F^F qfefeaF 
TO I HF F fturot ff T W FFT Ft U 1 cfl F MF Oh Ft HH 
ufe Ft gara f#F rM fft f#F Ffet f fto f 1- feiFF 
MF fen feFTO F ffe- utw FFT F 1- FHaTF 7 HFTO FI 
^rff Tlfet fFF FFT Ft F I feH F FTO Fttft FF FFT Ft 
HTF HF F FTO FHt Tlfet 1#F F5TO FFT Ft F I 

J.U.-H2. WT. F. 1993:434; HfeT. fe. 21:749 Ft; dfe. 
fF. ft. 17 : 987; 

■ feH F 1 " F 1 ^ TOTO tfe TO F fFTO F 
FI HtTFH F fFTF f#F feHFT FTO" F TO f#F tFF 



Ifvto f f far Harro Ft Haro w uw f, FFfbH 1- fa ; 

TTTO FI FFffe Ft FtF TOFF fTO *, 

HfHFFF F FFfet 7ft I fH F 66 fetfet f#F feTOf FT 

f 7 HFry ff ?fef tuF gfe orro fhf f rofero 

H ' fd^TF HfF HFFH f#F F T itbH T (FHfFtFF) FFF 
FHHFFfetl 

F.y.-H. f . 

d'cloT : feF TOfFcr #F F 7 fTO FF 
f#M r FFFFF T FTO HfFTTF felH F 7 FF UFFF 
fFFFt F UF FFf H 7 ? 7 F fFTOt F feH #F F 7 f 
FfePH 7 fFPH 7 Fi feH FF F UW TTiTO feH TOF F 
FF FFF, UFt FFF 30 HTOF 7 , IffeTO 7 f#FcFH 16 1 
W HFTF SSS I HFF F FTO F 7 F 14,14 Ft FFt 
28 TPFF 7 F 7 FFF >HF HfF f#F HFTF F 7 UFFT affF 
F UFUF 7 F FF ^tfF 7 FI HF W FWft F HfHJHft 1 
TOt f#F feH F FTOFt TO F 7 UFFT aftF 7 FI FTO 
FTO F Faferf 7 F feH #F F TO UFFF TO ~§ Fit 
aftF 7 1 TO gF F TOT f#F FTOtt F 7 f#TO HFFF F 
feH f#F fen FTF fTOT F 7 f#7TH fFFH FFf F I Hi 1 0i fi 

ar^tro f fen f nroFFt to f#F #t wrofeHT f i 

F.y.-br. H 7 F: TO-l : 353; H. F. 583 : 1065. 

: F T FF F HTX1F 7 UFH FFT 

xfFFUF ferry f#F fed fen f 7 f FHroar f 7 hf 
TOH F F FfFHfTOTOTO FTO HFHF F 4 far .lit. 
UTTO FfeHT 7 F HF F ^farHT 7 F I feH HfelF 
16#t HFf f#F fTOFFTF F HFHTO F MUtF 
FFF, FF F r H T fWFF TFIto F HF'tfeTO T# I FTOt 
Ft TOfet F fef# FtTOF 7 F HFFF F feH F f 

fro 7 htf fear hhtof f fro f 7 tofff ffegarF 
Iff 7 1 fen f fro Hafet F 1 # htf fff nfet Ffernr 

feh HfFF F fetF fedT 7 1 fed H fdd cfHHt HfF HFf F 
fFHTF arFF F 77TO 77TO TOTO UF F #f 3 
HFFTOFF F I feh HfFF F HHHTOar F FfFHf 7 F 
ffer FfeTOF § HHFfUF fTO HFF #t HF 7 feHf r l^5 
FFF, fen 7 rFfe#- F fFFFTO^HTOHt fe HHFfeTF ' 

ff hff frofayr i fro f# nrorar hhf 1#F7TFTF 

arro Ft HFFt HF 7 F 7 HFF 77HF 7 UH arFF FF I 
1851 f#H UFTF FfFXF f#F F^ Mfe^ cFFF 
HfFF F 7 Ffet TOTFF FfeTO I 

WFt — 71,068 (1991) 

14° 55' fe. fTO.; 78° 1' IT .TO. 
F.U.-fe.U.dT.feF. 23 : 204; fir. yfe F 7 . 

: TTO FtTO F H¥ feHH 7 fw uf 

famn yfanro fro f 7 ?ff ferny hto fro 

#fFFFF ?7ro F I ffe?' F 7 fed FTO HHHF f#F 

yfe fro fto aftro fto 7 fi fro Fbx 7 hto hfh 
yroftfe 7 , htof 7 , fHFTOF nrfF f#fe fkFFfyf 7 
HFFFFf to hto Haro fth 7 f#F fen fto f 7 




327 



USS fS77 <fet SST TTRS odd 1 fSTM 7 SI S 7 . UVFS 7 
Hgfet S 7 HS 3" fcT fentfl QdUSt fan MfiTS MHf- 

MfetMfet sus 7 s 3st s 3 mhu |U fts sus 7 ms 
ss nt ms urG o^ fts utfeM 7 orss 7 nt i 

S.U.-ft'.ft.U. 5 : 322. 

3 T #VWtcfr#H : fes srss s Mfes 7 ush sur 
eu^'dte'^f^^feu^HfwSr^^ 1 -?^ 
7>G1 S' sS«d ftS Mf^d ufed 3 Hdls/dl 40 fU.Ht. 
UdU-Q dd-UdU H fy d O’ I fes MSIS Udd 3 
gus, gs QsQdF ms ferfuM 7 s 7 ufnu uss or i feu 

HSt UUS S' cnSHRt 0771 SUSt sFOS S' U'tFO' ?7Ht 
UU3 7 fey ot ftFJFS OS 1 " SI fey SH StM 7 fHTT 7 077 1 
Hrio( 1 SMS 7 feo M fed MOTS ■'d 1 d did 3 H r d Ufeu 
Hfss 7 ttrs sfsM 7 sfeM 7 9r | 

M T Wt - 88,878 (1991) 

S.U.-fS.ft.f . 5 : 330 

H T <5 T >F3 US 7 : UU# St Ssfef 

fts feu w hh ou stts 7 s ms to fs 7 Gh fts 

Gt S U HUTS 7 O' Si- GhJ S T S r -US r fUS 7 WW S I 
uus 7 ye'G<b nisiM 7 s Iuhh s trfeTM 7 £ fercss 7 
3Gu §0- feU-§3 £ US U fts Gt fTTUTTS, HUfet 
^TOfO^f^SSOWfWStMSOT 
£ US 1- fed 7 " tSS 1 " OT I MUT SO 3 fes UST TvS fesist 3 
ss s gs os i oss uus y 1 jon ufcM 7 77R7 §3 iSS 
077 3 Go feH UcTS HUH77 offs SOS 077, sGu UU# 
S 7 cfet USF yod 7T 7 feoTfew 0% PhH£ °(cSl S 7 
fe tV dl feo 1 rTS 1 S I Gd d'ci S U'dl c5 '<6 HH'<5 fed 

Hafet fts shs ssi fss rfu ye'ulM 7 fen usss 

077- UH77, Sysf MS TFH77 I fTTH W7 W feu 
fts fefHM 7 0%, Gh 3 GH3f HSfet S 7 US 1 " SOTS 1 - S I 
UST si - HTSO 7 S 7 ,U3f SOOT fes S^ »fSUSSt 
feisst fes fesfss srasf or ffe ssfe!- f^t hu^st 

fed«l S I OS' OS 9TJ# St fSTTS 1 ", Gf S S^-US fes 
?SS CFOT S >HMFS fe ROFSt W Hofst JlfefTS 
few^' CfG" st ts W CFST S HW7 S 1 ^ Sl - 
tSTTS 1 " S 7 > HS T S T fTSTHofS 1 ' SI 

UK77 W H 1 ISO'S SSrfet f%S US S 1- OScf W 

s^sissrsGusstsGsuis^sMsfwfHwfHW 1 " 

OScr >8017# URO S G fen WS feddd SSS 7 

sfos 1 " S I 

S.y.— ^77. fy. 10:551:591; ^77. Wf. 28 : 354 

fervid : |H f¥S SOod - USS 7F& 

HSUS HcT £ S^STS fes 7 WW SI 1970 few S 
WSS fes HHS ft^UfS g77t>H77 f^S fes St TdlSdl 
6,000,000 S J50TSST lit I fec^ 1 ?5oF S 1 " feo TT 7 5?t 
HSt SOTS Gfed-yost HStstyF f?S ^HS STS 7 rF" 
S'S 7 77i" S UHtH ess ufeur S I OHt fS^^RTU G 
ufert 1 OH feo dfSS ddod rto( 1 £ ^t d'd'd feo 1 



S'd’d 3ldd r S 

fFS 7 Htl fey - STS'd 7 1%S THSOHfets 7 ?! »fS Gsst 
5TUHH S SoT ?t IFHW H77I OH t%S ?HS fSHTSH 
UOH S SU 7 £ feHH dfoG STSTS ffes 7 WW Ht I OH S 
fSTToRSH G fu^ ?wor USS, UfSSS MS Uglit 

inslustM 7 s sou £ s^srs fes 7 s 7 ^ fstsw i 

■^rtdl 1 USS S 3 7 S T S 7 S S'S SISU H77 fsiy fetj 

1. OUST! STSTS S ffeuSUH Her st HS 7 ?! HS; 

2. fefHSH 3. oTHtife d'd’d MS 4. MHSSTU 7 ?! S 7 
U'd'dl'H SHS TT77-I HfetustM 7 S HcT 7 £ HS 7 ^, 
ffjtUfH MS SHWH5T Hof 7 ffes ^feM 7 fSPH 7 fSS# 
feM'SRdd M'dldfey MSM^sfOM^S fedof'd #T 
SIS I HW, Hr<S*dl''S, iTSHH MS ofbf 1 sHhI M 77 S 377 
?SSt USS IfeS MS ?t S 1 ^ Hof ^H OS 077 1 

7^MS8?f HSt ffeS tHSF StStS Hofi- S 7 
^S 7 fOH 7 fSOST SSSt SUT 7 HHS 7 Ht, MHSrSHHSSS 
SSM 7 ? #T fSTM 7 1 S 7 S 7 S Hof fSHTTST UOH £ H77S 
077 MS fey 7 St H77t SSdft S I OH f%S 3 7 S 7 S Hoi 7 St 
feM 7 UStHU 7 tUSHS 7 SlfeS^^HHHH 7 77 Hof 7 

fedoHd urus mst £ pit cro'Gs 7 ?us Gfss hhss 

H77 I 

sy.-fete. 21:833; fs. H 7 . 9 : 838 

d'd'd dlcid'td : fed UOSt Gsst 3K S 7 feu 
UHUoft USS ft S tHSF SfOM 7 S HWdsf USS fes 
^HSF MS oTH 7 SfSM 7 ^ 7 S HS1H SSM^HtUSSI 
fSH £ d'd'fdHd 1 * STSSHT ?t fed 7 S+S 7 SI H77 
1920 ffeS HUrfuS OS fSH dldS'rl S 7 U77 USOS77 

68.000 ?■. fef. Ht. (26,250 ?■. Kte) MS MWt 

36.79.000 (1991) 3"l fSH IfeS 76 HfsSMS 24 Hfost 

MTHStMi - HOSS 0771 feu St §77 M 7 ^ 7 ^ S 7 50% 
S 7 S 7 0t Hof 077 MS U'o(l OHt, , H ' d d G1 M77 MS 

HSt 077 I 

tTTSF sfSM 7 fSH dlid'S S Uglit fHS G ITS 
GfeS 3 1 SUS St fSH 7 IfeS ^SIS 7 SI Ud'dH feu S' 
fSH S 7 tHSF SfSM 7 S HS UTH S 7 USS Gs 7 S MS 
fes HU 3S S o( 'ttl-fHSt <?'«' USS S I tHSF SfSM 7 
S 7 H S' fed SfSM 7 oTH 7 , S yOU-UgH St ISH 7 fts 
gSTS 7 S, S HS US S 7 U3S TTtgi- MS SHSTTt S I fed 
fSH 7 SOFT 7 7S77 SfefM 7 SfeM 7 S I feH S US. US gH 
UFO S HS^ 077 1 fef S 7 STTgOH HOfetut TcSTH S 7 
04 HOSt St OS HSt MS HUS 5S gRTt SSt S MS 

siont st ss fts ss siovft Crst or 1 hwtt 7 mhs 

gSU 7 st FSS 7 420 S 510 fe. Ht. (17-20 fes) SI 
Gfed-usvft sl'dl fts U'd' , M 7 ^", SUSS MS He St 
ust utst sist SI UH URTS 7 , SH MS HHStM 7 
GsfGs 7 fes S OS US 077 i sus-yout fOH st HU 
SHH UScf SI HUT MS Gfe rtul SS 7 tt U'HIm 7 
SiStM 7 S77I 

fe?7UH T H S ufSTT 7 fed feof UgfSM 7 SfeM 7 
USS Ht I feU S Hof 7 S 7 HU US 7 UdtH'fet St Ht US OS 




328 



aretw aat 



fed 9 fe st 5 rfet fefedd 9 " ad" dd I dad- 

uaat add fea afefe fed fetw are 7 i a’H'fyctor 
addd, add d 7 dWd, fedfe fetw feftfe, Had nffe 
adfe wafeaf ye'Qe 1 fref feaa Qtioicti aai fefe a 1 
ffeft 1 ^ 1 fed dfawfe fed add ?fe HHre ?t dafe 
fefe adi fea fe aafeta fe aare fea ua 7 aa refe 
feral a 1 wfe feu 3 " afet w fetw 7 atfe ?t aafetw 7 
featw o<s i 

area fea a 7 areurat HftroT 9 “ i fed Qaw freer 
uffew a 7 ai^ st 9 a fere eft? fea fe ureta are?, 
fed- fdfaw wfe d'dd Hdf^fel wst U[fdU 9 " i feu at 
add HcSfeafHfet 9 ' I 

O.y.-ftT. fe. 9 . 5:330; fe. fa. H 7 . 11:575 (1985) . 

5rTBt»rM : si 'dd fe fed Hdddd 1 Hdld 'dt 
d 7 add 1813 st. fed fed ra? Ufasre fea are 
fey afew i for a 7 aa 7 rrefe 1 ufeare dt i far a 7 fua 7 
U'dd’dl afef Hat Ud? 7 y'til dfe a 7 fere 
ddd?yaa ddiTdl dtl Ud? 7 fe Ufd?'d irea far d 7 

Uffe'd ?t fel6d dtt 1 fdTW Wd fed UH? 1 fe did ftfe 

sure rare as ua a 7 ref 7 feaa aa frewi for a 
feft 7 ? 7 afef a^aa wa afet ftudat rest ?tfeHe 
amid fe aretw 7 fea ddi aa 1851 fea reas 
stwafel a crea 7 alare a §a fe lira 7 at uada a 
Sfdd ora fed 7 1 §K W 3 1 idd 7 didd fe 7?& at 
aretw ?t add 1 *?! Hdoi'd a 7 ass anaa as - 
faw 1 aa a 1 ufare 7 ftra s' dm 7 attire ?f djud - 3 d' a 

tldd'rtl'H 7 fedUl ^c 5 Hd fdWd’ o(d & ’ fed HfelMdl 
f^d 7 >Ha HUTd 1 dJUd dd” d Ud’ Odfdd' 9 d ftd ? 7 d ? t 
mra- ?rft fw fiwife 1857 ffea ddT? 9 dcr 

HUJdH dd dd fdd 7 fit Qh H)T fed oCrtUd ffed HEdfUd 
si'ddl Jo 1H 1 d WT-fd" c5'tt fe« '6<i fed cT^M'd d 

fdPH 7 yfd fed d^ 7 fed <5'(5' H 1 fdd dt do(Kd tTH 7 d 
dd§H dtM 7 -jl 'dlcCdT id 7 d 7 dd*ft H<F fdPH 7 >8d 
fsaret dd 7 ?! fend ddft 5 ^ ad Ifeyret i 

draya §"d dd 1 da ^ 7 Mdidii 7 d 7 sfarr u - fepn 7 
d 7 fed fW H'fda d" »fftdl d a dfet Ffet Tdft faff 
fdTM 7 Md yuftad fed fei" fen d HdF^d €«' fddt I 
dd" fed aatrat d fetarad'-uat a’fe d aa 7 a afet 
d 7 fed 7 at d 7 Ha aa ad d ad ? 7 f 5 dfet fed fed 
d da 7 fed 7 d fed d ^ 7 Fdft fed ?t Mdiad 7 d 7 OTd 7 
9 " faaa 7 d »wta fed ar^fetw uad^ ffea daw 9 " 

fdPH 7 fdd fed d dl^'ftlw- feddfet id dt HO'fed 1 
ddf 7P7F Jdfed d Od? 7 dd d 7 >Wd ofd fdd 7 Ud 

mrfe Qa dvatd d 1 uidft 7 fed ddaft 9 d d 9 d fed 
frafet fed a^ fePH 7 fed fed a^dt afet atddtdg - 
afeti 

aiafeWia dt a^ ?dd d^fer M d dt?d fed 
fed d ? 7 uire 7 >>ffe» f 7 fdd d 1 a T w fed d fedat 
siad , a '«^ 1 afered, a r dyd T ? 5 7 aid fedd arfd d 



fed add ai" ada fed Md feafefdd wd w?'ftf 
uafefer fed aiatff 7 mu d j-paafe d odad^taH 7 6 '« 
afarad 7 nfe fd 7 d feirfedfer d ?fe fed dd dai 
affea 7 1 fear dor d dd 1858 d^ must 1859 dsr soda 
fed afaiadt iar »fd§d d 7 idt aife 7 dfaam 7 fea 
d 7 fife 7 dad fed fret aa aa fedfefe d sna ?a ar 
dfapx 7 1 »fata fed fed d fear add aad Mar ddd 
rad few d fed Tiaf aa craaf 8 afara dt a^ d afe a 

^ *s — 

feife ddTd fed fed d dd 7 fdd 7 1 fed ^d Hddd 
dfdfear 7 few fed fed idt aiti'fta aw fed 7 
Hd dt dd 7 9ati 18 araft, 1859 $ fed d afet t 
fddtafefi 

J.U.-fe. a. g 7 . 4:327 

Wc% (Tati, Jacques) : Safe d fed 
dftfdda aidwa > ad d 7 feadaa d 7 H?>d 9 Mordaa 
1908 d afeari fea 1931 fed fed d wad 7 #fe? 
fed aaftdora ?fe df fed 7 ne §d daa at fed ? 
wafet afeftt fedd ‘wdcra, c datwv s afed 

(1931) fed fel fed 7 Wd §d d 7 fddddd fed 7 ! 




d^-dfet 

1930 d ddfe fed fed dfe MfU fed daftdcT 7 

?tf aad aftta afew i fed d ferret dare fea, fea 
fed fer fed 7 Wd fd 7 d 7 fddddd ?t fed 7 ! fed t 
afftTdt ferre ‘Jour de fete’ (1947) d dafetdf fed> 
d 7 'dfe faard’ feare anre fed 7 1 fed few aa few 
fefre 7 fed ‘Mr. Hulot’s Holiday’ (1953) Erdd 9" fd 
d odd (Cannes) fedd? dd ferdd ftffdWI fed 
‘fdfeaw ferre %fedd was’, ?few sddt fed 
fret ‘nrtsfet afew' wife fe a r ud' fedi fed r 
fefre ‘Playtime’ (1968) d ?t dfe fUdd afetd Ida 
fed 7 ! 

a.y.-Md. fe. H 7 . 9 : 839 

fefet : HafijTd fe dd are fe 'dre’ Hdd fe ad? 
9fe 9r fed d 7 >naa 'Idfed 7 ’ fe ‘feddd srare d i 
dad fed fed, are fe da 7 d 7 fefea are iare ffere 
dare at 'dre’ 9" i dre fet aare wrera fe ware 



329 



dSHS 



a i arwoee 1 ' fe aes 1- are- di fee a wu'fdd get 

d I H'ddltfe d Hdild ddS'ofd cfltj fet) Kd Hd 1 d 
3040 3W (af&oTd') fe desr fedt fett dfe d I 

fed UcFd fee WZ d 5040 afe 10 fefe d 
5040X10=50400 dW Hfear I fefe at fefet ueaaf 
fee 72 fefe d 5040X72=3,62,880. arwee W 
dw Hdfear as - , ua w fee de w year §afe 
eat afe afe arsae ge 1- ai fee fret feast efe 
fdiddl fee aer w uem set efeT fee 1- 1 aarta- 
d r e?e (dvfes a ees) fee feraee aefeaaa w 
ae 1- Heae ai a aaftd-d'Hdd' arsafe dw e 
w>diddi 20 yew S fesa 1- feat afe a fafe fee 
afaefe yau da a 10-12 yew few dw w ywaT 
eta 1- ww a fee :— Hdffd's, eeaw, fenddas, 

^dd'S, dlfdd'* , Wddd'A , Sfid'S, HddlVnaS, 
aidcras, afecrfdc/as, efe wader afe farae- 
feaer, afeei 

§aae efe fe s fee feet uaae ‘ffete- 
eaife afe fae udde ‘aw-Hatet’ d - aew e e 
ew 87 yew fear dee e 7 eaes eta 1- a ye few 
fee arsfe aer-yew ad arfeH-didly as are 
argfse aaffa e deed fee yedfes as i 

dee eata, fedje, eare. arfe, afeare, 12 
ajar afe 16 ajar fed fee arfew afetw as 1 dd 
aafte (ewe) fee dee s at ‘fee’ fee afe r a 1 e? 
a aa e uu a arnfere few arfeet fee dee fe 
fete eae ate set avfe afet 1 

— eaas faw saw 

d'*HAl : fee eferw e §de fer 

efeu efefe e aeeaet dfee a We efe} e 
§ae-uga we asyfe effer e feat ee fa 
feew ai fee feat dfefeer fear uefetaF 
Headier fee fee a 1 austar s fe-saT (Chi-Lung) 
s' efeypfe fee", 1620 fe>>r fee fed aee §d 
c<ad 1 ed few 1 as 1 642 fee se s’ dCisl w d fee 
fe yfet ede 1 - set wd 1662 fe. fee eerfede (eei- 
dei-edT) fens dfefees fee fed ee dir ffet d'n 
fed 1- dt, S' se s' fee eud ee fed 1 fee Headier 
1683 fe. fee ye festw e deer ea fefe aife 1 

fed HeddTer e fes' e ffel fed e |d (Foo- 
chow) wd eeei-e (Ch’uan-chow) dfdd T e eu'dl w 

Ted lsfe dfe e ag fee 3 e| dfer aefud aei fer 
i860 fee fed Headier s' efent ?fed ffet fej fed - 
few fed fefete efe ee dw fee dergfe dfea 
dfetfes e eer feeadi fede r fe fes (fes) e ser 
s fee Hdfud did 1 fe, e eea ne ffew 1 fed eer 
fedfe fe fed fed eeu s ddefe tie T d r aeft afe 
fefe fe" 1 §"SfeT dfe efeddsfd dfed aert dsyal 
d Hrfe fefe ee er fsawa sfe" fe fer ee 

«dl fdW I 



ds 1883-85 fe fest-sfefefe ear eaer fee 
gafeftfew e ene es w few 1 1 ssoffew e fedd 
dir fee dfedfe dfea d fwfe, efei efer wd 
fddFya we ^ dyefe fedfe sfe add yfj rrs - sea 
fed dfea s aa fesa? etdt 1 fewer fe Hedarer fee 
fefe wfets e yd e rre wfe d r syfe wnewfe fee 
are efe a rre ees, d'sdfe Heaarer fe dddd r 
we afet nrfe wrefe fee se et dfed afefe's fe 
eereeat dfefe fe dAeat ee dfed weerene e 1 

wwt- 66,589 (1982) 

25° 10' It. fed.; 121° 26' U. Wd. 

e.u.->>rs. fa. w. 9 : 8 io 

d'cSH* : ddd w fee feeees ued wee 
dir e 1- wfd Hfsw udfsw aw-fefew e 1 " wefetw 
dti feewene H T ed'e e d ddfe fee fee fei fed 
fee efe e daftde r e s ned fTTwe 1- H'ct wd 
efewfe fewt, ua wafer fe afe fee e fe fed e 
rffese ddd fee fefeeere fe uvnee dd ned we 
ferae es 1 fed ee fe fed e net fe e 1- fe wt fer 
dd ?ret wdT diew 1 fed e efe fe ed fee es fife 
es, ds, fdewes, dadd, aeres wfe 1 deads fed 
W fddd dt 1 

WHfaeda s wufe wfe fee fed s eredatwfe 
fee 1- e 1 fee e dee T e fe efewtwa fee at fed fed 
e 7 esd afew ee 1 ereeatwe d 32 e fe. dt. fe fed 
d nee fe er fee fw a fed erafed e we fed e r 
e?>K afew efew e t e r ei wdraeda s ‘wena 
safe fee fed et itd et dfetu 26 wdfa, ds 1589 
edt a 1 wuet itd e dir fee fadiaar so fe 85 daa 
e 1- dti fed wet fed e 7 ttsm 1504 d 1509 fee 
afew aean 

uaua T wsrea dfetw aetw atfe d irfe fadTe 1 " 
a fe fed S' daftd fe fdfew fefees dealt afeear 
d fkrat dt 1 fee fe dee a fe fed s ddftd fe fefew 
wuaf fed d ?5fe afe 1 fed e 7 s^ Heae fet fee 1 " 
fefe a 1 fee fet fere a fe fed s ea fdfew aer" war 
few fe feeadfetd few e eanfet arfeei- d fet rant 
afei 

dS 1519 ffee ffeeanfetd few s fenafetd wtft 
s aa 1- fedi fer fe aer ued ae d atferatwa e 
erafed feua fua ew afei d?fes ufafe da de 
dat e uea fead fe yat fe eeafe arfee fsgee 
afew 1 erae fe et itd fed fee efeeai^ e afe 
aareea few nwra 1- e era efe farwi ^d dir e 
dd%d eet Hare s ‘?te fe^fea e^fewf’ fee 
H'SHS e uaeue dT^e et ned fewfe w efeit 
a wd fefew a fe afe aareea few s d?fes s 
eafe aua fed 1 

arena s 3 'sirs' et ar(fe efe et uw geti 
fd aw arena dfefa fe eaet s 1562 fe. fee 




330 



umfeu ftt ufet 

dur uutuuu fmtr ft uu fecrsuHur irfftu ftfafe fftrr 
feu fn £ for uutu feu 7 fe y'cSH* ft fu ft uuufe 

fed U7T fft-d' i-i'<5 I H 1 dl UdH 7 ?! U c< 'dd d 1 rH 1 UH-lfttld 
fitur ftt fus 7 s t u? 5??I’ d'cSHcS ft funt UdU'd 
uuu 7 ft/uri ‘wtft-ui'coadT feu wras ft - 
feftp>r u fe uts/hu ft wuu uunfe feu uftt* u 7 
uru 7 hu ft ufunt sfet ft uu uou (ftu) foux fuu -7 i 
nraw sun u 7 srftr^" u fe fear tot? tpu - uft d 7 <SH?> 
SHUT 7 dl' fed ?w feu 7fet ufftfe 7 I 

for u 7 ftu huh yiftw nt i ferr ft uftt w u 7 

fftdTTfe - fttH 7 , ftTTft feU-lftfe 7 ftt ftftt, Hhr ftt HfeUT, 
Ht»T ftt HUfe >HU tfUH'dt BTfeU 7 W HTTI feu fftoT 
uayut cuttu 7 jtforaius hu 7 cnfsx 5ru?r nut 
c< 1 fti Ul 

feu ftfeU HrfeoT dt 7fet ?ufecr ftt 7ft I HUTtfe 
feu ?ufeor fn ft ufuft h?t ft H'dSd'H feu aftu 
fttfe 7 dUTUfe 5feft H7T I ‘UfeT dTHUUdfe feu feu ft 
UfftU uftt UUSW HSdfeut feu feu U7TI >HUHTT ftt 

urn feu u fe 3ufe u uysuu 7 u 7 >xft yut uy 7 

Hdrfu HUt U TTfftfe 7 I 

feTT ft HUTtH TPTTUU fu ft UHUU 7 ‘H'dfldH'd' 

uru ‘dfeTTUH 7 ’ ftt foufer i feu ft# uttuct ucthu u 

HTHtfe 7 U7T I 

HfeHU ft feu HTTHHfeT fe Ufe 3U HUt TTt fftTT 
cfeft feTT tT 7 feu TTTTTT U s/'s!* gfeUf 7 fewi feH ft 
URlftt Hdrft TUU feTTUfe HU7T UHU - 6dl odd 1 7ft I 
UlSfeffofe feU .diH HU7TU ft HoTHU ft <3rt feoT sic!' 
feu 7 HUHd 7 U fftxft HfeUTT ftt UHU fed 7 TPU 7 Ul 
fed Hfci'tS Qd UUoT H'rt d 1 6H(S U 1 " QdH H ft 1 feof r 
u t u r ui ferr ftt othu ft cUU ut ferrfft u 1- feu feus - u 

fftTT feus' ft UU ufeufe ftoT feTT Wdl UHU U7T H* - fe 
§7ft U - UH HUftU U TTfe I 

— <J — 

U.u.-fe. fe. ft. 5 : 331; H. ft. 

: Q ddl SfeTHTUX ft UUH 
sr- »fft utcuur ury ft ifex Trfeu feu trfet ftyut 

ufe 7TUIU UT ut feft fUFT Ul feu ftfet 500 fe. >ft. 
(300 >rfe) ftut >uft 241 fe. >ft. (150 Hfe) UHft Ul 
ferftftjf ftf fwfet 70 vft. (230 fu) u i fen yfet 
feu TTUfefUUft ufe MH cilcS'cS ?y feucru TTfeH 

ufem TTOUHf ft arrfeft 1 uftt u i uu ufew feu dfet 

feu W ft feUTU T Ul feu 7UU 7THHH t?T HU} - ft 
ufefefer (fftut ftfefHTUH) >xft H- ufet (Pei-he) 
(ufe) ftfer Hft HUUUTfe U?T I 

HUT 1964 feu Hguu UUT ft ft ftuft UUfeft ^ft 

ftftut ftfefUTUH ufeft HUlftf - ferrftfeft ftt ufeufet 
ftt hutu unju uu ft, nyftd ufer ftdidH ft 
WTUfefer ftt ftfeTHTTfet ftur feu UHUWfet ftt 
ferfeftu uufft»r ufe>rr, uurfeu yfet ft Hft ft 
WU’fof 1 



Uft 1972 ftt. feu UU HUUH UH ftt RfT-feu ft 
ftftut ftfeUTUTf ftfeu HUUUPTF SfT ft tT'U SUT ITS7T 
U7Tfft»T fft H^dF fegr fftftt^T ft - §H HTf fen «Wt 
feU tTU HcV ftfer oPftt HddldHfeF Uftfe 7 ftyfer 

aiufeui 

20° 00' f. feu.; 108° 00' U. UU. 

U.u.->?fe. fe. IT. 10 : 43 

cJ T ?TUft r (dud 1 ) : uuftt HUlfe ft feftu UoT^ 
ft HUT feU d'cSUU U - feHTT HUftS U 1 s / 1 d dl Hdlld 
feu HU ftu S’ft TTHfe feu fftU HXftt 7FU U I UUTyU 
ft HHU- TUft- ?UW ftt TUfefeT Ufer Ul ftfU^ ?UH 

ftrrftt 5 pu ftftu srft ftuu tuhot ftuus ft ^t fw 

feH TTUT ft HU HTUT 06 fe<SH 'd U7T I 

1 . dif — ffet PP" UU U 7 y Ift fe 7 ufftfe 7 dlrt'c/ 'd 
ftU 7 U T UTfH 7 dd l Qft l Ul 

2 . UUH>t — ftu ft ftoTU rtftl Udrtl Hcfet U 7 P 
fto(U UU 7 U ftTTT ft fedU HUfft 3U tftft UU, ft dH«l 

ufuftuui 

3. iyuu - uuftt ft ftuu ftftftt fe tM ftt feu 
Uftt Uftt U ftTTT 0 d d 'd dU UU U7T I feH ft WUU feu 
feU-UI 

4 . oftw (fefe) fe ftdtu - fu ft feu fft Ufe 7 

u 7 ft uhu uu 7 ufrr ft ftutu crfuft u?r i 

5 . fe3" — UU ft fUS UTT 7 UUT UTTUU U 7 UU 7 ( 
ftTH feu uutfe 7 Uflu Ufttfe 7 U7T I fUH ft Ufe fed 
feU 7 U I feu fetid UUH 7 UU 7 U I 

6 . dJU — UH feft sf's! ft feUJTT feu U37T S 7 ? 
TIHfe ft djf Ufuft U7T | 

7 . feftt feft UU dTfuU (d'dd'A) - §utfe- ft ft? 
UUtfe 7 fttfe 7 ft fuutfe 7 UUtfe 7 ftdftfe 7 Ufttfe 7 U?) 
fe7ft ftft UU UU feft UU I fe7ft ftfe UUtfe 7 feft fft 

o — a 

uut ft UU UU feft UU fu ft HTUt ufuft UU feft ffe 
Out ft feft ftt UU UHU feft U7T fu ft UU urfUTT fftt 
feUUI 

8 . UUtfe 7 — UTTUU ftt feftt feU d'd dlfd7> ■ 
ftiS Ufe UUtfe 7 Ufttfe 7 U7T fftlft 7UU Ufe 7 ftrftu 
ufufttfe 7 U7T I fetft UUtfe 7 TUU ftt Ufe 7 ft UfHfe 7 fe 
feH 7 cftU 7 feU 7 U I 

9. fTTd 7 — fefftt Ufe dlfd* U 1 HTU UfeWU 7 ^ 
ffTH feU Ufe Ufttfe - Ufttfe U7T, ftfe 7 oRFfft 7 U I 

10. HUoT 7 (djutfe 7 ) — ftfeU fefft feU/cftH - 
feUUfe Ufe* - feU Hftt Ufe ftft U7T fftuft Ufetftu, fe 
fe UU ft ftft U7T I fSU HUt Ufe* - ft HU ftfeufu fe 
7rd 1 fUU 7 UUU UU I fof Ttutfe ft HUU 7 fe dTUtfe '< 
feU 7 feU 7 UI 

1 1 . ufe — uferyu feu ufe ufe yu uu 1 fft 

feft f37T Ufe ifeftt HU ft yft U7T feU fedT flfUH - i 




331 



3 W oP fofe 



fer 03 7 3 1 fern - fen 3 T 3 y 3 1%3 ftfew 3 3 3>3 
fe TO - 33 feoT KW M3 - feoT U3f5 T I fej d'd ci'd' oftw 
*3 ttdld 3 r ?5 fojtw H'few 33 >>f3 iy33 fofefoj fe 
W fo >>ffe >Jf3 33 3Tf03 ffer fe W ffew 3 333 
75ufeW" 3 fel>fe dc5 I 



12 . H3 3 1- rFHF — UJ33 §3 33+ 3 3fe 53 3 r 
W 3fWw HW" 3 1 cffe s33 53 fe UHK 3 r IF3F 
fe fef few H'trt 3 I 53 3 U'dl CT33 fe 3 T 3 T ffej 
iJrtoCd QdU3 Util 3 1 33 1 " ffej S6of r d ITU 1 " 5377 3 
3^fe fe cfejfe 33 1 







3353 fo 33+ 3 ffott'Gd 1 — 3 T 353 fe3 33T 
3fe3feW33l uffer r 3 T 3SrtfefeT3 T 33 T 3l 33 
33 H33fe 33733 3 r Uf373 33" fifew W 33 T 31 
for 33 3 U3Vf 3 1 " 33 o( fdtd 33 Pridd 1 for 3 H33 
JTU33 3 U3K 53 3 T 75' fo^Gfe" 31 3 T 3y3 T fHrt'fed 
331- H3 3 ufofe ffe33 T 3?5tw 3 33+ 3 3TfecT 
WU3" dirt 3 53 335 fi-ltt 'Q trt 3 I 3ET r 33 H3 fi7375 
3 1 " dO 1 3 1 for 3 H33 HU33 3 J733 335" flirt 1 few 
feW 3 PolG'fof fej H33 3 H37T ?535" fiwfew fe3 r 
3 I for ?5fe for 3 ‘333 fe 33’ fe for 3W 3 I 
33753 3 ufort fe - U3H 3 33 3 H3 33 fe 
fedoCdrtl §3l<^335'33 33fPfewf^33 t 3f^ 
33 fe ufofe f'dlrtl 7735" ^'fewSW 31 

33.-3. H 7 . 3313 33T few U. 67-68 

HWHfeT : for 33Wfe fer W Wffor 7 
33533 HtlfefT3 wfof fe W 333 fe I 33 1672 
ffeg for dirt 3 si 7 (333) 3 fHUFH3 §3 HS 1- ! 573 
1682 f%3 for 3 WF3T33 3 ffe3 3 33333 ffetf 
33 33 f33 r >33 dlrt^f'sT 1 3 ffefe 3 r ?5' fw f?5W I 
for 1704 f%3 for fe >73 3 UTfe I 

3.y.-H. 3. : 584 

d'cVol 1 , oCdyl : 3337 W for fe3 offer 

UTP3 573fe fodW 31 fofe 33H 4 57fe, 1918 3 
cdl d 1 1 3 fe3333 ffej ofo'S' ffer 3f5W I fol S 7 " fU3 T 
UffW 3 1 " fe3 fe^fetw ^vfe fe ffer c3J3 U3fe H T ?5 
3t§M3 f%3 3t feK 3 H33 Swfwiffe 3 gfeP 
3t W’-fet fH375 fe3M»ff33T 3U3t fe fe fer fefPfe' 
33H gw 33St I 33 fen3 33 33>3 Hfjw sffefe 3 
fe33 333 fen 3 ^U3 f%3 333 ddo(l >X3 fe3 
33T3 3 Wflfe - ffe3 fefew 33 3UT few I fWTO 
f%3 333 3 33 3 fe3 1947 Hp. f%3 7T3 T 3 fe 



ygfelHfe 3 U3fe H33 f53t 3few few I H3 1957- 
58 f%3 fe3 53T >>fe H33 fefe3T 3 T K33P 

gfew >>fe 1962-64 3t. fe3 f^fe HfeuP fori 

for wtfet uwf W H¥ fe ¥3 y^M'rtl 

fof r H33 I 3 Ht >>fo fHH3 1965 >»3 1968 Hp. f%3 3 
fefo UT33P 3 T MW H333 gwfew fowl H3 
WHlW 3 H3fo H33 f%3 133 >>{33333^ ^33 W7 
§3fed! H33P yd 'few fowl for 1972 f%3 W3 
H33p few 3fe f%3 Hfo Wfe FFf 7 fe OH 
Gfofos! 1 tf fffo d'feG (333 H3fe) 3 33- 3 feH3 
33 r 7733 ffe3 U33 offet I 

for 3 tfe fe fe3 PTW ?IW HW HH3 
^Hd'rt 1 HW Hfoy3 333 fe fefHF ofofe I for 3 33 
3 T 75 3H fe W3fo33' 3fdfe 3F fe Ulfe 
>>f3 1974 fe. few 3fo f%3 for fe IFclfo fe JTfefe 
fe 333 Hfet fe dfe I for 3 ffer fe 33 wfew fow 
ffe ffer 3 >H33 fe 3^33 333 Wife WV 3 333 
fofou 1 yfofew 31 forrfe Hfefe tot ffer 3 
3H33, 1974 fe. f%3 W3 H3fe 3 U3 3 Wrfew 
3 d T fywig T >H 3 ffe 3 rt , 3 dl 5 J 3 T 3U3H3 3 yfefe 313 
Hrjyfe 33fe yo'tH' 3 hw f%3 for fe f3H33-yfe 
W for ?5 T few fow >X3 fofe fefe 3 WW 3 HTOf 
373 3 for 3 fefo 3f33'fy W fow I 

3.y.->fo. fy. H 7 . 11 : 536 

3WlM : for 3333 W 337^3 HdArt, 

fHWH33 T 3 3 uffeT W3 H3fe fe I for 3 r 33K 22 
33 , 1863 3 crnrwfe fegorou 3 o'dfl fe 3 othh 
ffey o few i for fe3 fofer 3333 fe w^neylrt 
pfofe ( 1920 fe.) wiA'Od orafe ufor 3 1 

for 1886 fo3 fofe for ife Hf75 3 foufe 1TV3 
fefe yfe 3wfe fer ffer yfe fefe 3W 33fe fefe 1 for 



332 



1910-13 sa 7 ?! fea fforefo fefaa 7 
»rar fair hM sd'^'fo fea >ntfo fofew 7 i for §fo- 
aarfo gtr fea Ha 7 HHya trfew yra fof HW fWtl 
for orrgt for ffot Hafoyr fo foafyyi hit 1915 fea 

wfeOT, 1918-21 fo. fo 7 ?! ffo Hdfo >fo? 1920 

fo. fey aa^r fofoy i >>rafo raw fo for sir # feyfea 

3" ftJPM 7 I 

hit 1920 fey fey# Iwhh fey fay fo»r 
afe fo MoCyl U'ddl fey HHtfW S' foPH 7 ! HtT 1925 
fWtJ fej U'dfo a 7 cTHT 7 H'<S few 7 I HIT 1927 fey fey 
for H 7 WF Hcffo H9T few I d'tt'foj fen fo Hfofo 

#ffo wufo uar-ua fofonfofo foyf #tfo>fo it 7 # 
^Ud MOoOdl fol fecT fo fen* ’dirt fey HaTcT S' 

FUacT Pf# yi'dffclof fod 1 fo HdftPJf rtfo fody- 
d'Hddl HfOM'dl' fo &3 £ HH fed 7 ! feHS fod Ufo 

WHafow d-dyly # for a w Far fey anra 

fey# ufe%»r # 3^orfotf T l HIT 1927 a WlW 
fore # H«y'0i Hfoft fen F# fo# fuafopfo 7TT 
for fey nay Hfofo a arfo fay aar for fey tafo 
for arfo i yrufo Hdocd f# af r^Hd'ti'd a for tt'Oe 
orreir, fey# rwfo, 1929 fo. fey ^Hdfe 1 a fafo 1 

"3w Hfofow” afo SHd'-id ffor a 7 traa 7 
fey# «>diddi 1927 fo. fey ffoya foa 7 fo, fey 
aura- fo aafar 7 fua fa# yy §u-yr ffoyy sftfot 
yfo S' ua rrajHT Hdocd £ for snafea § fo 

ciyy fad 7 dl 28 fofodV 1929 fo. £ foftfo fey 

forfo ira 3" yfo 1 

r.U.— Wl. fa H 7 . 9:799; ’jfanfa 26 : 239; $&. Wl. 
18 : 165 

dfooj : >foqy Ufor aFT (Fad) d USHt 
foi^. s dwyyl ydH fos #r»f fffor y 

foil'd 7 yfoH fo 60 fo. Ht. UHH Hfad dl 

fofor 7 s i#r fos forfo fowfo hjtt orrerr for 
HfiTH # nTHUTT fen fo s ush HyH 

forref- h? fonr 7 1 1 tw, wrfot sh#, for s for, 
for^ > H3' for 7 for foyr 7 yre fo-nr 7 utt i for 7 ^Hfo 
fo for Hfo fo d I Hfo 50(# S foOTHT fo fet Hfofo- 
UtT I 

Mrefo - 62,913 (1991) 

rr.y -fw. ?r. fire 23 : 246 ; fir. fo. y. 5 : 306 

dfold'dt tf£~ ffofet ; revre s for uw 

fV^WbCH S 7 HtTK 24 STTfo, 1886 £ foftfo foy 

ufom fod'ire fo »fo utud'^'y for fofo as?rfo 
s 7 fofor are" !r 1 for fow Hfofon 7 fofofo srefotfo, 
for^ fsr ‘"firnfo’ (Shisci, 1910) wj wsir u fofo 
arrfotfo (Tfr Hfora 7 ayfofo mr 1 

for 1923 fos for forfo fo frror 7 s forfo 
foa sw foH 7 yfo &r for nsya 7 s a^fefo nfo 



ypsay fo a 7 ?? fos sz fapn 7 ! fofo uffrcr tt 7 ^? 

‘Tode Kull Mushi’ (1929) fo forfo wfot Hfo" fod 

3 a fowl w U3 7 frers 7 ai for 1932 fes fofo 
Hd'H'fo firfoy fo rr 7 u T fo orwafot aw fos ffoft 
Hurer uh^ot 'affo Hrjdi'ydV £ yftfot Has' aar 7 'fos 
Ottd'Qd' na offo 7 ! for hu 7 ?! asir 7 £ forfo foy^ - 
nfo a HU3' ua 7 ^ - yfoy 7 fo 1 1930 fefosavr fofo 
aaoryair arte - arfo foy ^ yrforrrr (Heian) gar fo 
^'ddci £ SUafofo U7TI ‘Sasame Yuki’ (1943-48), 
‘Kagi’ (1956), ‘Futen rojin nikki’ (1961-62) afo 
‘His Bunsho no dokuhon’ (1934) for S UHy tT^T 

utti 

30 ytt'yl, 1965 £ gdi'-^'d 1 f^y for fo rfo a 

diyl 1 

ry.-^y. fa. h 7 . 9.-807. 

d'crl fofo : for rrufot ffoaaara w hith 
1763 fo. fes fo# (UcT afofo) fey afom fofo 
fofo, rmafo for ugfo Hfoar # ya'fea HfTT fo 
HaojiT 7 fofo 1 fofo ufafo £ arfo’ uafof et fofo 
feffof 7 »fo acfoffo fo fHfynr 7 yaia" fofo »fo h 77 ^ 
fes fofo ocw fo fo3fo uafot a for faddcr'd # 
firfw uara fofo 1 for fofo anr 7 fo forfo ue'fo fo 
yfo a^'fydl reyfot anr 7 #, ffor fea forar 7 fesafl" 
fo hwot a, fo ire T fe'd afenr 7 1 fen# orw 7 ya aaa 
fired'dl fo 1 ffofo §a fedd', yar ora# uatfo fe^ - 
waa^s fo affor fforfo ai fan# drrr 7 s fefforar 
ya fosrfo foid'H' feyferi 

for 1840 fea fforfo ira a arfo 1 

y.y.-^r?r. fy. h 7 . 9:806. 

3 W?k : IT 3 T - wawHaa a 7 fea ufo 
a ffor# ffof yforfo fo Hvrea ?rfo wara 7 ! ya fen £ 
yi^d'^'dfe a fo ?arT rfofofo foa 7 a 1 fen yfo a 7 
ydddy. 58 , 283 ?■. fe. fo. yfo yryfo 38,11,000 
(1990) a 1 fen at fo a 7 foaa fen fo aaryfo ai fen 
ufe fo fofo fo yftTcrd'y 1 ' fo wa a fen §fo a 7 ^ a 
uafo yfo usfo faffoy for afr a 7 u^na aa 7 a 1 fea 
ufe fa f-Fre# a few 7 ? 7 fow yfo aran ara fo 
afoyfo a 7 yaa fo ai fea ara yfo Hafoyf 7 fo 
ua'^'d afo a 1 yfea 7 a yar fo feauai ferr a 
feH 7 ^ 7 uh fo ufo fofo aa 1 

y.u.-%r. fe. h 7 . 11 ; 439 

d'AcVdW : foaa - fea wawraa »rfo 
^firdwrfo# yfe fo a i anfo a a a’Hre 1 ^ yaaara fo 
216 fer. fo. aya-ufor fea #afo wa ffo foya ai 
»ra5r^ fens 7 fo yrawaafe a 1 fea fea rwHfo foaa 
a faa ayy, yre-foa afe 7 foa 7 , aH# a 7 h t h t cT yrfo 
yua 7 ffoya yyr a foafoar a 1 ffoa-aya >8# yw 
’yffoyf 7 nafo fen nfa? fea surfofo ar 1 




feF HfeU 3t 7 = ra T T-T?7 T 17 ut Hdl fed ddl Ht I 
§H HH feu UU 7 HdU'd 7 3t d'HM'St U3 7 Ht I HS 
1794 fet) feHdlo 1 d'ftH3F S feHS fed frtdF 3" 
19 ut nut 3o r wfe wits ufywi fes 7 urfow 
331'd' HctUfeW feu HfUS Ut feFT HfeU fed U I HtS 
1961 feu fet H3UFHUU gstuufaut HFtUd Ufet 
did! I U3 UHtsfet , fedlrtfecS 33 UHS cjSfrtc* 
fUTUfeW 3" fert'U' 93 U3U, MUdlHW'U, HSHUfeU 
HTUT Wf3 feff Hfdd 3tw UU HHdd fc('U US I feJT 
efuu u Gfeu ^ 17 fo. >#. ut uut 3 few fu9 
wuuuruut u^fel w 7 ui feu feu fe hs 3 ufe 

HHUfe H3UUFU, feWFHtS 7 3U USU sfefe U I 
Wfet - 8,02,390 (1990) 

18° 55' 3. feu.; 47° 31' U. SH. 
uy.-^te - . fa. H 7 . 11 : 439; 3tU. >fe. 26 : 254 

(Heat) : UHlf fe Hy f gU3 CUS 3 
3STO U3 7 U §H 3 WTO §*3" feH $ 3fe fe U1UH 
ffeFfefe UI U9 UMUt UIUHt wFfe s^Hfe ffef fu 
HU3 fe 33 MM, 3UT 3*" UIUH <^Hd 3 SU tT'<£ S 7 rt . 
fey fe UIUHt 3 33U 3 r 3STO U3 7 U MUf UF HF 
HTOU feU FFUtw fe3 fest UIUHt Ufetw 3STO US 
SUT CffeW US I Fifed 1 few rtul d3 7 U fdf fecy 
feud'd UIUHt U 7 W337 MU'S ufew^UlfeU £ 
Ut 334 feu 1 h fe 1 U I fell dirt 3 1 " ftjFFS UMrt 1 d 1 dl tl 1 
U ffe UTUHt U 7 3STOT 33 UTUVTS 3t U'dcV tfe 334 
3 US I 334 HH3 fe =?U3 fffer fefURiFS fe 

fe? H3F S5t fefe fefe U ftTHU 7 U33H 7 fed" 331 3 
3HU, 331 Hd'd 3 fS3H 33 334" U 7 UU UrflW 
faHH 7 fe feUTT 7 feu FUSS (33 HFU U I 

19 fe Hfe 3oT fefePHTS 3 fe3 f?M U3U f%3 
UU3 Ufe f%oTK UfeW Ht I MS 1 *! fUfHHUU UU3t, 
U3 1 -, WT 3 Ufet S Ut 33 HS3 HS >H3 334 S fey 
3 33 UfU3 fe3 U3 T UU fel33 HS I 3 r §3 

f^3 HHfe UF H 1 ^ 3 WTO 0^3 U1UH 3^ S3 7- UTO 
HlSWfeUTTftl 

qfdsJ'H'd' — H3TO3 sPH 1 f%3 334 HU3 3t 
TO3 cfet ?U 3HUtW d 1 rt d 1 ffet oil dl tH'tfl UI 
^143UT 3 WTO QTO feH H33 S 33 UHU Wfe" SUt 
3df3W feU 7- U : 1. 334 U 1- 3fS3^ 2. 33033 3*" 
UfUHt U 7- UU3 r 3 . 334 3t H T 3U r >H3 

4 . feofldci-Gdi-l 1 I 

1. 33T 3 r W33 UTUH ^H3 S 3U3 33 3 

U33 UH UU 3 U Hfer U ftUT 3 UHHfU 33[ fe3 ¥Hf 
3 ytt ?H3 3U 3^ U I ?H3 S 93 SUF U U3 7 - BUT 
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fe a fefaor arrrs a ufa 9a 7 feata 7 9i 

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gratra 337 1 fef ra ufuT fey 7 3 yra £ wtf 3 uf 
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03H333 f 33 T33I3U3 M3 M'Ud f 333 ffey ff 

§73 f 33 #>3333 fra 331- Hff ffftM 7 ITU 
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twt, 3773 fff f d3 T few M'ff H33 7 t s 
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ferara M3 Mrarat fra M33 - 3 T 3-Hf3 raraM 7 ^ 
frarara ora 31 3 T v-Hftr fra 7 nratra rat nt 
fwftM 7 fiwHd f fraftJratrara 7 73 f nrara : 
furan 331 

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f#W 3T3333I 

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t r UHt T UoT (Thermostat) ; fra wra f# 

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faHH 7 fey yOdl U'd HrtfHdl MfSHS fd<V HS 6dUS 
as fyy S Fhh <V » addA Phu 1 ut s fay Si 

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MS MSU (UJTS) UfaS die ; a grfa sfe (gS) fa HfeM 7 
US 7 S I gS S sfa fes IT a feS S HS fas fas 
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fa snfet ?fa ussfa I 

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fast #sst ust s fan s 7 ufess sryvrs fes 
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fea Hufsur Hafa ffar s gnjnr asfa si Ass fa 
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fes ug 7 s ssfa sms 7 ?ftas sftfa fafa s i 
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fssfa fefa MgHH 7 gfat ss S' fa Ufa as fsfa S I 

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US Au feHH 7 US ; 

1. avis gw snjHaua tn shs fes faw 
fafa S ffaT S add A ad*' Ugl fEH fes SSfa faS 

= 3S 

gw uafa feHH fa fa fesfesfat ffefHST Mfavrs 
gfasM 7 fa Has 7 s i fen sasfas MfaHS s fesst 
fa fefAfea fsfa- smts 7 Hafa fest fa nafa s i 

2 . fes ass gw sruHfaua fea ?sfa fas 
sfuM 7 fafa si fen fa asss Mstvfs axs fes ms 
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3. fsAfas (Inunersion)— S T UHS r ua fa gSS 
fas Sfafa g'rt 3SW MS STH 7 S addrt ffet aldl 
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340 



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rere a i fea ref 7 amt re reunrew aarea re wrnaare 
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a waw remrere reire ?are yrj fere 7 t wS ware 
rere are a are 7 ai fea a 7 hSTh3t wStvfa tret re 
aian are 7 rere- rea a 7 area fere are 7 ai fere re yf^re 
re 7 aara 7 wr araar wa S aiaa arare ffet retire are 7 re 
ufa re wa rey>rre ?are Haraar 5° reat are refe 7 
are 7 a i fere re are arare re 7 reaa 7 fere re yfjre re aaa 
re 15 ° wa afaw 7 are 7 a i a fere arere fere area ret 
ore 7 re 7 remrere Fftre 7 re uare afe re 7 afere retreal 
reaara re ysr frere 7 a wS aarea reaa re reyreamre re 
feayy (rererea ay fere) are a are 7 a i are afe 7 are 
are re ufefre are area ret a^ 1 5° reret a aret a wre 
aarea are ama re renjarerear re araaf frere 7 a i aiaa 
are 7 #§re re^ yy S tret re aiaa are 7 refe - area 
fere fea aftre fear reimreyar re^nre 7 Saare aftre are 7 
a i yy §■ rere'Sre rent fea re freareaa Hnmre re 5° 
fawre 7 Sre wS are arare ffet aa reare rear reaa re 
5 ° waSrelra aftre 7 are 7 ai 

arare yret ^re feaan 7 Tare ama re 7 reyaamar 
ufaarefet (circulating) yy re reryaare re Saare reare 7 
a wre aarea re fay fefarenatre faa Stre re T yaa T ure 
. d'dl Saaff afire 7 are 7 a i fea rerentcyy re fea re^ 7 
tfe aftre 7 are 7 a far wa re arare yret ffet reStre irfet 
re wa re wa rewre Sre Hrereat aaara yfj refe wS 
yffe - re reare re fsarrear io° S 15° wa reare S are a 
refei are fea araa irfet fare araa arare ^Sfaaaa 7 
fafr ^afrew 7 fere 7 a re 7 fea ata 7 afere fear faa 7 
rerere anw wS reaat as're ^ 'rt 7 wS Sara ?ra 
fefaw 7 arare re r uay T yar a fea re 7 fear aa?>a 

fare tffeaat aaara ret reret fere S s^a 7 q^ - ufaarefet 
uy re yrfeaat aaara ret reret fere are 7 ai aarea rrere 

•v ■“■ 

aaara wm ara<a are are 7 a wS yfaare r y fare wa 



araar yrj 7 are 7 a i rere yfet re 7 reya're ffa reare dot 
refe 7 a (aafyw 7 ffet ?y S re 7 ya r re) re 7 aarea 
are irfeaat aaara yfre refe 7 a wS aarea are a refe 7 

•v — u 

aiSaaayfdH^al yy ?re qtaxat aaara are a refe 7 
a wS fea afeat aaara SS afe Saare 7 S yarre a S 
arre a refe 7 a i 

y.y.->>l?r. ft. 22 125 

d ' U’cnfet - fd I m 1 6 (Thermodynamics) : 

renjarSt-fefaiyfre ret afere aa S yferet raare 7 
refear ren^are (S) at at 1 fea fefepifre fere refere 
fare 7 S rem fere wmrft aay afe rearere affe refe 7 
a 1 fea wftpyre fere renjare S fefrere 7 re aa uamtaa 7 
[wfed<s wSreafe (P) ] Tref? at afetw 7 farfawfe’ re 7 
feareare are 7 a 1 fea fea ret reare 7 fefrere arear 7 far 
fea fefaPH 7 ?)' fere Qcy frefawfe' re 7 feaSare at 
affe 7 afe 7 a fefe re 7 nrefeam. re aare 7 fere feareare’ 
?fet a aarre 7 Hrefeara fere afef fare 7 Sa fere arear 
aarret a uare fea fare 7 re af fea wa re 7 ufarearere 
at a aarre 7 1 ) 1 fea S ferrere 7 farfayrre 7 aa arare S" 
yfere 7 S a 77 ^ fere feaaa arefrre fere afere 7 a S 
ferfew 7 ^ 7 are 7 at way-afefear aretw 7 are) 

fere uamfea 7 re 7 fear feaa are, feaaa ret 
renjdiSl afaSt afe reare 7 a 1 reara uamtaa 7 re are 
arerere re 7 a T rere ufarearereatre aret a ua fara fear are 
S reoiafet ret yrrere reat w aarret ai remafet 
fefeiwre fere ufeai 7 re ware S are frey rere frerea 
arefe afe are 1 afe arrefetarre ufeafere wS §wfea 
feaaa fery frerea 7 ret tares 7 reare are 1 fea frerea fea 
are:- 

1. reaiarSt re 7 refe ferea - fea ferea fTrer 
re T ya 7 re St yferem 7 fea ref 7 affet re 7 aarret a fe reara 
re feaaa fere refer feaaa ?are rem arerere fere are 
wre fare at wya fere St rem arerere fere are re 7 
fre 7 r feaaa 7 fere fere amt afet aSt a S fea afet § 
remtare frea 7 fere 7 a 1 

renm^ re amarnar 7 afet arfuar fere 7 a wS 
aatafe wS ywrrafeta arere 7 , St ?are retret feSt a 
remididl fere fear aa arere, frea re freayy arere frere 1 
fere 7 a, St St ?aS aftSt feret ai reara reya 7 ?) 
aatafe arere S !fe a 7 freayy arere S fea rewre 
t = 0 + 273 aSar 1 

2 . remarSt re’ yfefa ferea - fea frecra fed 
reu S fare re aa are St arere aftSt feSt a 1 fare 
re aa are fere Sa wS waa?ft fare aaa^yare are 
reuarSt fere Sa S rea a fe resra re feaaa uaare 
fefaw 7 arare are S fea reare reaaS wre-rewre fed 
yfarearere are are re fea re 7 arera a fre fa arerm 




341 



an/araf-felaTM’B 



fea a# 1 friw a w 3 feu 7 a a 7 gH cfer'tFfeF 

3 1 W HMBUfl- 3 HHBniVFBf 3- HcTB UB I fea feH UTB 
3" feds/d ofdti 1 a far fc<ddl fyfd'H 7 vT ddf ai fed 
HfBM 7 H't!' a far ofH MdU-Hfefdc* poi Pel l X T d'dl af 3 
feu 1- 3" i MagBf §33T r HH3 r uf ferfaM 7 fea 0a cbr a 
yaw a fan bw ta b gj af Mwa 7 a mbm 
mwu 7 fog foa’feM 7 ww 3 1 u 2 -u t =w fet' u, gj 
af Maaaf Oaa 7 a u 2 Maw M^ga 7 Of MBfBfOaa 7 

Jaw fe Ob ofte 1- faiM 7 aw ai aw^f a 

Uftw fe*drf M*H'd i-l o(d fec< [VlHdW B HJ 3 M3H 
M^HyrfeBHHBfef fafeM^B^ frtW'feM 7 BfeB 7 

hit Hwaoff fafuMfe - bw arte 1- aw naw ww 
Uj-Uj a yd'yd 3<9di' I Bara fafaM 7 ^ 7 gwanjf b 7 3b 
a 7 aW' foiM 7 aw u 2 -U! a Baf ga 7 faQTa 
faa 7 gafaMa few a Mara a fawaw a w- 
awa 3" ^aa 7 a 7 HHfe mbub a waa 7 3 i (few 
hepb MdfdB Oaw b anr faa 7 ww a) i q = u 2 - u, 

+ W fw Q awaf 3, TWddf UPBBHor B 7 fdB'BHoT 

HfeJl mbhb a waOf a i fea Hwtaaa af anjaraf a 7 
yftrB 7 few a i Mfagw fa fa m 1 1 Bsf HHfaaa fen 
Bfi- a :- dQ = du + dw fea fea Ohb 7 Ofwa 3 #uf 
far du yaa few a bb far dQ if dw wb Hfww 7 
Baf aa i bb' a 7 wfea-Ma j ?f ufaB few Of af aa 
ai 

ufaw few Oaa 7 B r gafaMB few af a fea 
Baf fea few dH'fefeoi feB«fe, MaOwurf Mrfa hb 
fHHW^BJB^^aifeffefewfe’HBB^BfiPHf 
fea a far fea a ub auf buib 7 far Mum 7 aiaif ?f 
a 7 auf a Bara ataft a 7 few law 7 fea ataif i few 
UWB B 7 Qfed' BniaiBf B ^B few B 1 feWB 1 " <f I 

3. anjdldl B 1 " BB 1- few — fef fe BBT feB 
ufawBB (fea ufeWBB afe gwTB 1- (ioo%) Taw 
mfefeaB fef ?fef 3 hctb 1 - a) ^ Ha^ fea b 1 fwa 
farfw, bot b 1- w fea ufaaaBB 3 1 fea aaa rafe 
faaaa f fear aara fea" ajB'fw Bfe^i fea aara 
b ffmaa fea aaraf aaaa fea w bb a fea 



fea feBB a ya aara b 1- feawB aaBoff b 
avrBPjafef fc( fd-aw 7B?r affB 7 afe 1 a i fec^ Bara* - 
B 1- fy* fy«s feBB 1- O b pffewr araar arrsfea mb 
war b fea fafe- ipaB affar fe Mfea 1- feBB 
hb t §b t wiaa a fBUB r fe fea 3ara fea fear 
anfea fe3" aa btu b aa fea utaaaBB b ferra 1- 
pfB-BMBa 3a <5yl use^ tb sb i fea ag 7- BrwfMa 

B dfdBddd' B Mfe>?tB B fea UB 7 BaFfenT fe 

MfeRF wa yi 7 0 i _i Maa¥ a feas 1 - fe fear aara 
fea sa fife a araa fw aB anjTWBMaaB a 
feB 1 ^ 1 Mag-aFTB a ua <301 ijB T a ?r r sa i 

fea aa faa fear ga b aa i aa aB a fec^ 1 b 
aaraiaf b 1- bb 1- few fea 1- ?b a i fea few Of aa 
feM T feM r araB 3" ufdB 1 aa aa afeaff a T BfM r Bf 
fwfw ara?ff Bfaf a i 

{%) OBd^HBB 1 - B MB^HBB 1 - ~ »fH Ba B ^ 

af 7- bIm 7 " fef^ra 7 - aefer ub i fear Oa fB^ b 3b 
H did fenaH mb 3a H T a r afavra ga Of Maiw fea 

M 7 " H't ! 1 ai fe * 1 ferdM' 1 ^' B Owd^r HB fefdM '^ 1 
fea 7 " afe a feddlM 7 ' fefaMfe’ fen naa MOTa 77 
3b $ MB?r>iB- fefaMfe - faar bb a i 

0 »d 9 f hb fefgMfe" b aB fear aara f 
fBBjTHB aara mftb ub i Ob^thb fefaMT Obb - 
Maaa aa a af a HaratM 7 bb feO'fe fe?f fefaM 7 ^ 
fea Wf HaB (Retardation) Uira Baf UB B fea 
feaa MdUHfyfdcr u'bb' fea gatM 7- ub i Obu^imb 
fefdMfe - af hb a ?af faaaB oCd* aara a i fea 
aara w feHBBB a Hganff a a HHanjvraff 
felwa 7777 cffa T ffa 7 a i fea feBB af hbuib 7 
a T a feBB 7 bbt ^tr a ua ara af fea gydid 1 ioo% 
Baf a Ho(t;l i 

mf-t aaa fea afefM 7- farfaM 7 mb^thb gatM 7- 
aBi OaajaB aa a uth 7- b 7- feaaB, M'Bhh ara a 7 
ub’M" fea ua^, afefM 7- daisfear ferfaMfe-, anr 
aa^BM^a! 



aara aa^ faaaa fea o<d aar aarB a aaB 7- a a aa 
faaaa aMra 7 ' efeM 7 a 7 aara 7 a mb fea araB 
feaaa aa w arua 7 a a aa w faaaa Ob affa 7 w 
aara 7 a i Bara faaaa wa 7 3fea aor afef bwb 
Tj Ob q, 3t a faaaa ?w bowtb t 2 fa eaf 
q 2 at w faaaa af anr awia 7 ■ 



o w w T 

ri = 1-77 = 77 = 77 = 1-77 ataffiwfaaaa 

' Q, Qi Q, T .’ 

bmb 7 offa 7 Owraff w ai Mfaa faaaa b feaB 



(m) ^odd^uf (entropy) — fear araB aara faaa 
ananraaff farfuM 71 ? 7 af anr afea araa 7 a a gaa 7 
aiBaraaapFBTjOB q, awaf afea araa 7 a a 
3 WB t 2 Ob q 2 anrafef saa 7 a a 1 - fear araB 

Ocra Baf bt = 7B ub Bara srsff 301 an-fafef 0, 

r i r 2 ~ 2 

f afea awaf q, a ^bb q 2 fa^.Barafe a 1 ' 
7 1 = v- = O' a#ar 1 ub fen fear Ob^wb Ofera 

M *2 



Mrfw Bfe 7 at fern ^f feBB af hwtb 7 ara ?f 5 MfagyK araS aara 7 fea ?f tfeM 7 b 7 Hotb 7 a 
iod% ?fef gaf I Qd'dda ^Pt a 7 ? feBB af hwib 7 MOHfearuBaaru+BBa^OBd^rHBOaaBBf ub 
HaaufeaafBB-feBBaf HaafeMwgafai fjOwfHBfHBara.:- 




3 T U3t 



342 



Ql + <k + Ql + 04 + ____ = o 

T, T 2 Tj T 4 

^z? = 0 

003 HHOOJVPTTt ftforfo foO HOH Sfo H 7 Hfofo 
HMFWTfi ftfOXFfo ffol fet fOTT 7 StOT 7 O 7 

fen for 0«<^H3 OcTO Wet f OT = 0 -^ E - = R j 
ds tl feftPH 1 " O 7 Hoft; 1 O' fOH ds XTTfoonjt llPd^ddA 

HO forO 7 FI ^ = ds 3FJ0T3t O §0 few O 7 
OTfdtdl OOfofoOl 

ffor Qwegroo forfox 7 wet foreo 3 efofo ot 

tOWfo^ftotetoPd^ddA ?TOf U0 7 TT0 1 ftftH 
fecT Xlrtijl HcT PdPd'X 7 ridl pHHdrf 3 S^fUHO fo 

Xl Add'd! O 7 tHd oTO tt Pdci 'dHcT Adi dt! 1 I p£H cig 1 
pHd.6 Odl PolPd'HOT S' Horfoxf 7 077 pHt^' P^tl fHHdH 
>X3 Hfofo Ot §77 ’XTfooft OOOt 3# I cTO tt fof 
HfOHO O 7 WTOO^Ut UPd<«ddA Pdd'dHcT tSdl O HofO 7 I 

HdfdHOlofW KafTToTR fto MTWOt 3 ft’SHH 7 
O gO fto fwfkPX 7 tl'd 1 01 ’XAddX-fl O 7 sf'ss S' 
. far hot 7 glow xrft^HH 7 ow w for 7 o 3 fan for 
fHHOH ot ’>1300*01' fHHOH Ot ft^HH 7 fo 0053 fof 
OHOtoi 

4. 00 30(3131 toOHA 3 ffeTOtw H>fe03 - 
XfTfoOft OfeOO 7 ofo UO 3 7 00T3t to(H A XPH ddd 

fto xofo 077 for ft (l) wfowot h = u + pv, (2) 
Sfo-fOWOO 05JH77 A = U - TS XTO (3) Pdiyd tcTH3 G 
= U - TS + PV ; for f33 tcTH3 §03 HfWfo tt 
0771 ofSW 7 Of OflPX 7 fcfPX 7 S' ft U 0077 HftPX 7 01 
0077 HfW? 7 of OfOOTF 3 03 fotfo 7 H>fodA 7 
feotxf O 7 HOOWF 077 :— 




foj 7 HHfeTOTT 7 73& XPH s=dd P^d XPQd -d'tt 
TOO OFT fHHOH 7 O 0T5 7 §" TDffoX 7 O 7 HeTO 7 01 

fen 3 for 7 ? 7 fof 7 OoTHTT 7 7705" ofot OCTOT 7 F 

frrfoxf 7 ot fewftpx 7 ^ oft^l' tt hqtfI' o fo^fordnr 
HHOO 7 ? 7 Cp O Cv feO >>(30 >X# f^ 7 # > H30 T cT W 
K77, xfegTTl' §OtF U 7 wfe'377 (FST fecT Hfeo dnjH 7 ^ 
3 OfO-dddA, HH3 T 0t' QM.d^HS' fetoXT OTOH 7 ^ 
O 7 OO 1 ^ 7707 0fdddd77 >H 7 fO r I 



fo7 3 1 foO 7 ^ 7 H 1 fed HO 3 Osl 7 OiraOT OofHT) 1 ' 
i? 7 OiT ORFOOTT" Ft" f^XPftPX 7 fi?0 O fiT? 1 fof O'Ft Ot 
O 7 ^ 7T 7 HOO feO dy^dlrtl, >HA0yc(1 OOW ^ HO- 
OWt feO OfO?OdA' ; 0 7 77oT 7 W >Xrdd , «o< i feo 
Ofd’-dO'd'A XFfel feO FPO lOi^rO^ fecT fpO TTOf 
0771 OtJ OWOfr f077 tt77 XfWO O' Oe 077 ffT#" for 
O 7 ^ O 7 O 77 ? W HOO feO llfd'ddd'A OfOTO XP030 O 7 
OO 00 7 H03 O tTO for SPoft O |>PH077 §0 XP03O O 
077 1 XPH ?0^ ftO T) XfWO O 7 OO |O 7 O077 OO UO 7 
O OO fOTHO toTH77 G ot nth Hfw fAddd ot 0# # 
feO 3 oftfTTbX 7 HlW? 7 fAddd 03 1 

0f03 >HWO O tO §0*0077 ol - fwlOM 7 fTOt 
Xfffr feO H7TO O 7 fo[ fOTOO to0377 O 7 >fe feO HfOO T 

0 P Ot 1 OO 7 fTEt HOW 00 7 OlfHOH 7 3P0 7 T 
7700 OfOOOH77 OHO WHt SfOHflW oftoloo HHlO077 
IFOO UO 7 01 

H 7 ofl’ fe^ 7 tcfHTT 7 3 dH'fdfed OUiOTOt 
ftfOP>T?7 fOO W\ ^ofeXF O^O 7 tl feo tt feo 7 O 7 
HofO 7 O for feor OH'fdfed fofo>H 7 0 7 Of feoT lOHH 
fOH 7 fOO 03 Ot 10771 § Hd'^A 1 O 3 OO Hdfed 
>XOHH 7 MOJO O OTOOft ? 

5. aPOdldl O 7 did' feOH -* pAdOO did 
3 T OK 7 77 770 o(1 d otrtdlHlddl OMdM 3 O U'dA 1 OHJO 

001 O feH 3 Ol OnjOTOl O 7 OlO 7 f?TOH feo 7 O’O 7 O I 

for o 7 o?r r o for “o*T foouo o 7 !!)^ olo tw 
ofo 7 S' o 7 too for hUho foroo ol iHifonot olo 
tw 0 * 0 l S' l” for fcTOK foo HHfo Hofeo OTOO 7 3 
ol TT 7 ^ - So 7 S' O for 3 FTO 7 ¥*¥ S' fo PAHfdd XfoT^ 7 
ot OO fto foTOH ot OTO HHdtr olo foOOO O >HOH 
ot oft O ortofl I for CT077 >HHt oTO ol Xfloo ftTHOK 
3 XPOOO OIH Ofo 770t H3 HOO feflor XPOOO Ofo 
HOt for H3 HO 7 Ot HfHO ofOO 7 S' I for f77GTH 3 OOt 
Og 7 HH03 «Ot H 7 # OfoOOK HOfoffoPT Ol HOO 
HOtootS - ! (O 7 . WT. Hi. OJOO 7 ) 

Hofot : osh! ro o 7 for oftro ofox 7 S-| 
for rto-rjOH oor o how fo^ - too ^ott ooot 03^ 
olfo orofolor^ oo' sPlfo P<5 foowo 7 S') for o 7 

TT 7 ^ 1 fo’ HHO O HfoH 7 O I 3*U O 7 W5 S' 300 XfO 
HOJHO WcT 7 fto for dd' ¥3 0033 O fo HOO 3 
mfot ot OIOHt O 7 300 3 mfo >X t O 3 HOfoo wot 

onfol ofox 7 3 oo fto fofoo 7 rfl xfo 0?^ o 7 for 
ol fww Sr fir for hooo 7 ooho fto wwofo o 7 
Hwonfl or 7 o oltoo hooo fto forwo 7 o uo for o 7 

wfot H3 for O O Htw 0^ Sr I XFOO 33 3 PAo (H3 
O Hxro for OOH fo fOH 7 fto H303 7 OO’O foxf 7 
ofoldld xro foepwo 7 wolfo ftowr fo ooio 7 

Sffof 7 HOTOWO OOT fo d»dP© 03^ Xf3 ftO 
0]00 1 '3 OOT fto H03 O 0007 fto fo OOTO 7 SlfoH 7 

>xoh hw o oto ew, wo fo trot fto w 




343 



f3UTST I U373, fel33r M3 IffeS 7>tftMT S HUHPHSU 
dM f%s sys 9 $ 93istM- 33 3orat stM 7 ho 1 feoi 
3stM 33 i 3orat stew st §3 ssrfet 700 font. 

(435 Hfo) 31 feu 65,300 9. fo. Ht. (25,200 9\ 
Ht?5) H33 St SH-(V>d‘Hl ddt! 1 O' I feH S MlffeS 
suras 50 font. s ysu f 93 sj Mifs U3 uu fes 
f9d sTS Ife i4d 1 td M 1 ft! 375 HOTS’ 33 I SfUMT S HUS 
3” S'" H<S'rtl st tjtdddl'd 3 S H9S sJ'ddl - ydUt 
91F3 J5St HHdd Ht M3 HH3 T 7>t > >P' M3 UdddlrilM 7 

fWtjofd ustMT nysut Mrf'ylM^ 9t fen 3 lit ustMT 
H3 uu us feu ups tfs 33 hps 939 739 ^ u uist 
O' I SPrat feu S fS9 ?T3 HS SfUM 1- P7UHS 1 " S' fe? S' 
§33 ?st,P 733 733 93TST 3 M3 H3U3 r 1133 

fef sir sfeopfo 3 ^y 9 usr ui for st ufWsus 1- 
HSS9 fSut ut 3 M3 for W y3?3 S HUM 9 W 

sura sferfsG fo^ s t yy stun hus 3 i 9333 w 

fois M3 HU3 sfau for sffor fra Hfos s 
fefdd'Hd hs 3 us 1 for stM 7 HU’ffor TysfosMU 1 
yrau s 9Ht =£y 9u hhw- st fesfet offot sfot 3 1 

2l 6 48'§. f99.; 78° 15'y. KH. 

3.U.- f&T. 9T. ffe. 23 : 246; »>3. fe. VF 11 : 555 

Hni 3 FT 1 fee fefePWTcT (Thermochemis- 
try) : for ffe9 SHfes ffetSMS St §3 HPT 3 S 
MfSU 3 U U^S 733 HH33 O' fS33 fo UH'fefsy 
fefUM T ^ T 9'Hd UTH3 3 fUMS 933 SfUTM^ M3 
USW 3 tf35T ufd9dd<5' SS3 US 7 US U3 1 
usw s tfeoT yfu%d33 + ffes utsra usw ^t 
H 3S3 M3 foH 333 33 S 7 90041933 Mrf39 9t 
iPHK 3 HoTS U3I S3 fof l{f3f9fuM 7 9 i ‘ f93 304 
fuss 3 fo fo5+ 3 304 f?790Tt Uf39333 feu 7 ww 

3 1 fofo fsy foru fW ran; st nys 3 S 1 - S' 3 + 

fe^r 3 304 Hilt (endothermic) foF iFPS 7 3 1 for SS 

Ost us 304 s!mt Hrauor et TTSofrat fosrstMat 

fo3 §F HKfHMT^r % gf73 5^77 gyg- nufo 3St 3 

ftity f%s 304 st Os usr w ussy 1 3 sra 9d<v 

M3 93 feHH SOIHHS 3 dH'fsfed fotW^r foiU 
f?3U3US M' ft! ?t HOfS US 33 1 MfiHd 1 SS" G<^' 
fttyraoT MUTMfotMT HSt 9t H3t HU33T USSt 3 S 
feff*' UTPfoSor yfeforfUM^ st HoT3 fuTT TT 
dH'fyfeof rtdl'G STyfdditt* 9373 S'U3 US I 

hs u^sr - Gust fotyMS fOTH 3 t uHTfesy 

xs xs — 

fofUTMra stMT H3 U r 33 ri ?T ¥013 MOCPU 31 fo? 3^ 
fern ufo?333 MUt3 dPPfgfey fHHUH ?TH3 M3p? 
fusr (AE) ST fHHUH SMT3T Mfo SMfo 3 H3 UTS 
304 TPS HH3 UST UT 3 733 Ut {HH3H 3W for 
SfoUS §043 9t3 UTS 5T3S 733 9t for S H33 for 
3 1 MHSt 33 3 fo3 UTfoP f^S 9F AE = q - 
w...(l) >fo MOT tSS f9S MtGs U3 M3 for fHHSH 
St 9S§3ST fo3§3U3 UPS 3 tddH'O'S U3 fo 304 



301 dH'fes fofUPJfS 

S§3H3S3 3 33 f33 fHHSH §113 cffo UTSyUS 3 
?t U3T3 93S 331 S ffoP3 MTjfo ufU9333 Hffo 
301303 M3 Hffo M'fSd'A 3 ¥043, 3F fo w fH33 U% 
W AE = q (HHt:l) Hfo3 MrfS33 3 yfofeffor Sr 

sorfoursTSTun 

fsstTfofo 3 dH'feiof ffoUPHTfoP St 

fsssHiit Qc ^ 1 irat foffopfo f%s ust 3 s Hffo 
S^G MCft3 ?043StMT US M3 §1^ 

SSM fey 3# I for f%3 w ST H3 M'fSHE f%S 
Uf39333 A V UTS" SSG UtUF ffo HVforUS (1) 3 

H3 3d did SG A E + P.dv = q (2) folSMT HOfo I 

US fe3 TTi 1 39H3 MSHHlft 3 # UUS 7 fes HOTS 
9373 HUfet fetUF fSH St uffoOF 3 H = E + Pv 3 
fe3 HHt. (2) M3H3 A H = q 3#3F I fen Hfo^THHljt 
Ufe9333 f9H iratfGfeMT f%3 Hfe3 30JHT3 M3 
Hfe3 SSr§- # 3n4 0303 ST HOT U33FI f9§T9 
MfSUtMT UHfestMT MOf 9HS ffes MGstMT 33 feH 
Tfet 19H yf3f9f3MT f%S AE St 37573 ffes AH St 
fl'Sd'dl JS33 r fe9 USt ^ 113 foGfer fe^r SF 
ffes US PAV Sr Ut M33 U" H fe9 S 1- UST 3 t SSt 
sr >fe fuTMra 3" Sfor 31 

irsfery fits — fu^s h 9 hw ffeu fss 304 
uufo s (ww AE M 3 ah ifer s) ysfura hot §77 

USUF IfeS 140(3 did UTS 33 frl^' ffes fo 9St 
9#foflsfe9 S3F Ufet oTtstMT dH r fefe:9 ferfUMfo 
M3 U3 Ufd9333 HOTS HHI S.S. 30133 3 

for.ut.st. Hufess fsu ^ 3-^3 mtssImt sm^ arts 

UTS HOT ffes H3tMT MfesfUd^' H3 f9 Qfd §7S S 
UHFfes MHU H3 1 

Qtj 1 SM^ 9Uf3MT Sfor UMdil HVOS ?t 
9UtMT 73ft Ht US 1- 1 ^3 193 o 3 1 gr>^ 304-dH 'fesl 
MftlM3 ffes 9333 Qdl UrtdH'dldS UfeM 7 3 1 feH 
§U3 ^3 UHTfesr St 933 M3 QdiH 1 Uf39753 S HUd 
SUE S' - 3 779 S3UT st 9UG S S3F U 3 T 9 fof 3 1 
fHS 9G fefe 1 f9 Mfeuffcy SfUfo S SHS-304 S 
MrT9 HOF f9S 0 .05% 39 St MfewTudd 1 Ut Ufe UTSt 
3, fSH Ut H'd HOT HUd UTS 33 I Mft73 HU HOF Sr 
fHUUT M%. 3t. Ultfot, MS, MH. U%H3, S 9UH 3 
MS. S. fe933 S feu Ul SSUtHlSUt S H9H3 W 
MflTM3 did' tT'9 3 t fec ^ 1 fefdlM AI mt S 9Ht H'd 
9fo SSSfet fHS H9St 3 1 

9St W f9S fe9 MHS 9013 MI Sr HOT MfocF 
M3 3T3-93Ut>itsf39 Sdl feTMra 9373 H39 3 1 
feS f9HH 939 fe73>FUUtfe9 UHrfeS- ffefeTMOU S 
H33 f9S 9St yf3f9fUM T 9 T HSt 3TJ59f39 

fos S HH3 f9S ffeyfetMT HF HofotMT U3I MfS3 
9HT f9S 9St fe3 30JHT3T 3 feS9SRfe9 HS S 
ftlMra U399 9t3 3TS HOT G AH Sr >fo fefes 




344 



ATO SH'fed fefdTTOTO 



TOHdrtdtH aAlo(d<S feTO'd 1 Ufdo( foci ltd ' rT 7 Hdtd 1 
90 5fet yfefefdrorfe- WntB a 7 fea TOT THA 
H3t iiTO 7 ini? S' 05T 7 9 " 1 fea d<^' 0 tT 7 Afe amHTO 7 
§10 Hd«6 Hftid Afe 7 a 7 Hm «^ddc< §0 amHTO 7 0 
fe" at Hdl HTO yma 5" tH't! TO 1 fetT at ofAl 

TOTUfede am 7 0 Aro rofail ad 3" feTO am fetT 7 
roa oTTOHfero o|ftU3t > if(S' HVfloidtS fe tjTOa 9" fetd 
TOI faju fea fey 7 am US 7 ? 7 £ fdc< idV o^?? 7 9# 

H 7 9" dJl fefdTO 7 fend HVllddd) feftfTO 7 feZ 7 9" rofe 

?TA at HHUd AE M3" AH 0 HTO fetT feZ TO fe HA 
fea dltt 0 frtdsld o(dtf TO’ fe oft" .fed fo( fd'H 7 Hftid 

roAzza # AO 0 zt 9- w fe afro amaro 0 1 fro aiat 
afettaa roa rofeafea fe 25 °C (298. 15k) fa fro 
d 0 7 a H'fefdQff aaro ufet Oz 7 sroa atoz Amazt 
UfafefdTO 7 H>ff :2 >TOW feAT feat d’ I 

H, (g) + \ 0 2 (g) -P H.0 (1) 

AH ° 298 = -68315 ± 10 fefedt 

?HTO fez dfe fey fej ZdH'QZ' TO fe afeffetTA rofe 

rofeafaa ZtatyU TO HZ felffet ZdTOTO Zl AH Z 

Oa 7 fez feat afero 7 yfzfefaro 7 fez faafef amaro 

dHfl 9' 3" fsidldl Z 7 fey fej ydTZ o(dZ' 9' fe 

Ufdfo< Pddf 7 fez HW W tjtJ'dtj fer rotdH'Hslrod Z 
*» 

farorot to 7 9’’i ah z fdrozHor aro a 7 roaa 9- 
fat fro am Qz 7 afero 7 9^ i feaz aro fee- rofaafzzz 7 
ffero 10 taat 9r feffe fez hto roaafe 7 a farora 7 a 

d'Hddl Ad 16 A TOTO 7 HdZ AfaZ 7 ?ZTO UmZ sfe 7 

farro 7 AT fo(Q'fc( fer fefero 7 fez. fro ^fea - wj? 

3 1 afen 7 9" i fer fer afeT fwaf tmrroj 
’doj’9'1 .• 

fer ay 7 H>ft: 3 w? fafer trto ufe- 

fefd'H''^' ^'Hd a5” TO B 7 !!" dH'fecil HHtaTO" at fetf 
rT 7 Ha0 TO— 

c Hr#? + ° 2 (g) -> Co 2 (g) 

AH°25 g = -94,504 ± 23 

CO (g) + | 0 2 (g) -> Co 2 (g) ....(3) 

AH° 298 = -212,801 ± 72 aM 

CH 3 OH (g) + |'0 2 (g) -> 2H,0(1) + C0 2 (g) 

AH ° 298 = - 173,550 ± 100 TOt 

afro e Tfearo 7 fea a>ra0 >jfe 9fe 
3 1 sot 5 T feH r aH | '8 : fe e 7 O 0 7 9ro fetrfex 7 Itoh 7 
a 1 fed fe rt a h a diA Ur/1 ftpH' A. a<i Mdi a fa aroro" 
% fey 7 a d'st'd gv 7 a ■Hrtct ’Aar fea afefMro a 1 
to 7 a TO50 §ata iraa aaf aFrarfea 9 m faaaw 
Aaa 7 Kat gfefefe £ aroro a 7 ferorof to nfero 7 9^ 1 
aroro Hronranfero, afro roa Haroa a aroa 
ufafe aaa rofenfaaa 7 aat hT 1 



9fe a 7 feaw - atet aro faa fero yaar faa 
a T vya 7 a fap>ra aro at Sa aat u - fan fea aat 
fw o^fdia tot to 9a fa aro dH'fei fafePHfet 
arr feaw a 7 Haro 7 0 a 7 a 1 fea 9dn 1 a nafena 
feroa a 7 at fea fero 9' fea §h feroa af aa 

a 1 ufroa at fnu 1 trcrfara aa a yyua aa fero 7 farar 
At 1 fea feroa afyaro a?? am uaro 7 fe fesrouf 
faa arfero 7 ufaaaaA fea firo 7 9t aaaFi a 7 ? roAt 
fan fAaaa $ afrot a a at ^a fearo yfet fea Mj 
at aaa atat aa a a 7 # 1 ufea aat aa?r aroft rofaa 
afeat a ua uafei 

fea 9ar a feroa a daAafea HHtaaro a Sro 
fea Hd’fed 1 froat 9- roa >fe 0t urna 9- fea to 
roAt o<£ Atror an-r a roma - aa 7 a 1 hstj fea aaro 
^auroT am £ fer>)fa aaa hk fea faaaa 3 
TOarot 1 

2H 2 0 "(1) + Co 2 (g) —> 20 2 (g) + CH 4 (g) 

. ’aH° 298 = 212800 ± 72 atM (4 

O + 0 2 (g) > Co 2 (g) 

AH° 298 = - 94,051 ± ntaat 

2H 2 (g) + 0 2 (g) 2H 2 0 (1) 

ah° 298 = -136,630 ± 20 aaat 

^a fea Aided a arte a 7 aAtoroa Owe; faa 
fea fwro 7 arota 7 9' a croa at ah faa fe - aaaa 
arota 7 9-| fro 7 am daArot aaferoa 7 aroaferoa 
aaaaaa?aaaAt : 5 ymaya r 9'i 

C + 2H 2 (g) CH 4 (g) (5 

AH° 298 = -178,81 ± 75 taat 

ah a fea rofaa aa fea rofet rofaafaaa 
faaro tro 7 a aafet (Udrofeafet) tot 7aa fepaa 
oftat afet 9' i fea ay 7 a ufroaa f?a ufdid' ^roa 
fet ofta a 7 aaa to ffea 7 ?roa fatraa am a 7 >-ro 
fw taafafetacr tot amt aat 9' aaa 7 ! fey 
ufroaa 7 a ufafeferofe' aaa roa 7 fefea roa 
fea aa uferoaa 7 a 7 ua 7 aaia 7 9'i iffe 
ofd^dded' a cv« ?aa roafeaut uffeaa?) 7 a 7 tro 
fe - aara 7 9'i aro Aa 7 roa fey 7 a ro afarfe t 
roAmaat a faroua Aro a 7 ua 7 ?rat aa 7 , u 
fefeTferrat roa ferorocr fetaparo fea roffe 
aroorrot at aa Aat yati rom toa to aa t 
Aroaroit a 7 faafej aa fea amaro ffa pffarofvr 
at faro 7 fea 7 o'! sma fearo amaro roa amro 
TOyaaat aa 7 ©- fa - aa at fro faaaa afeat fe 
at rofroan aafet ro^aa 7 aat 9’i srroro a At 
did 1 Aid, aaro £ aAro fyrarot to fea roa fa? 
aa 7 ,. rofeataa, afeftrro a sfefeaa £ fe 




345 



aw, Say 



ygvfett yrt ft ft?r V5W y f3ire?> »yf 
AH° yy yt8f 333 yrthr nwtw f38ra cttfur 
u?> 3 25° 33jvp?7 8ft fear yur uytt eyfa 
t y<yyl8p usfor a?r i fey fey fena fwy yy 
ysfen 7 , “fwtof^sf ■ittytj” (t Shaw feff 883 
KdsfdS 3 fret 1 offy O’) 8ft >HHft5f?7 Uatwl8fH 
fe<5H<tfefz feH3y tftafa yW 7 fTfef yatf 8ft 
aatyy yf a 8ft 8fy yAfedfuaf y ganyfeSrHar 

fdHdtJ H dd 3t UTToT? tt H'ddfl I 

fa 7 etw fer^ 7 Hwtv ' 3 gs - afet uspa yf8p 
3H T fet Uf 3 forfd 8 ry ypt AH° 298 HW tfU3 afft 
W HHt 3A 8ft fof fey 5TBt W foaW 8fAatf 
U Id fo( fd'rf 7 ? 7 <^'Hd ^t t Hcfd UA I i-|ofd 8i3fdo( 
UEW t 8fSHWUf tfw fey 8fftH Uf 3 ftfa 8 py 

■ — *s 

UyaU 7 §■ VSZTfZW fife 3+ 8ft Ufet 3 

fey few 8f»taw ayyt a 73E ftt pttwut >fw tt 
fey- w nary 33 1 fen 3f rjjtfaftrpy y ah° 298 
U'U3 <fe r ai 

HnfKTT 8ft yH 7 # W Uyy - UW tt afefT 
25° 3. 3 attnp Uftfytf 7 ? 7 feat 3ns U38i+ § fjf 
feyftH 7 fePH 7 a 1 yPHHtft SH 7 fayay aT3A ypt 
fed d 'UVFA d<i~ feo( fvptpa d<i fcfPH 7 a fed tt 8fHttl 
33 3 o?tf Uf 3 ftfd 88 y flJA ftTT 3811878 1 8ft afet 
■iP t% STJVFA 3 tt yuaffetf 7 37> I fef3T8f T 7>t 8ft 

feyfc-fena fea ftwaHuf tt a«y awat ft fen tfe 
380877 T t AH y HW ft W3 offy t8t, ftTHy 
380-877 Tj at 3 ft 88H c!W 298° t ai feH H>ffa88 
ftdtfc ftW tt 3ay cfttt ifett 1 1 fea f?7HH 
33 1858 ftrt>HtfefUTFHtfW 
^ fef flfOTH DrfaFT S’ HMt: 7 ? W ft*7 fet 
y 3H ty^r rr Here 1- 

AH I7 = AH ri+ | AC P dT 7 

fdtj ACp UftftftW ^lulrt yftftcT 8ft 8fftH 

yyw- fW ftftff? 3n4-->H3d- tl mfe t ft 

HKtcra^ tf m3 w T Ht arvrar twf tf atr fw 

ortf am 7f>w t? 1- tt t 8ft fesr snjvro- 1 

8fttmrf ufdddd* 3? # uh 7 my wfe 7 ti 

ft^JW 33 3 oftf Uft tfd8T^ + ^TTft AH 0 HE 

» *> 

erst yy«t 33 1 tdTJa^f feet t 337 t 1 HtH77 1 
333 m33 ^AH° 100 = - 21430 t«tf 3 ft uftt tt 
AH °298 = -1780 1 (tttt) 33 E few' 1 1 

antefeor iiftftftH 7 ft¥ 8pft nnj 
sh 7 # ufaiar3?r e 7 §f upw te 7 ti 
fww tar t FTTpyTr 39^ t ftr xs^w srfet ufe 
St 77 ti 

iftoT 8rew f%3 ufa^d33 - 8ft tt 3nf 
UsT^' tf tidt) 1 t?f7 antsfeof ftfaft 7 ^ 7 73E ut 
HHn3- auf 3 fet ffratt t fe^ys w ftt 



Saw t ftt tftcf 8f?W Ufd^d3(7 ?t 

M t3T ?3E ddH'a W 333 33 1 fttT WI t feof 

(aw-MW) t Htftof yt ftp^ 333 3 8jhw ^nt 
rnflcfa^- 8 fefw w hstf 7 1 1 

CH 3 OH (1) — > CHjOH (g) . 

AH ° 298 = 8940 ± 10 trot 8 

3+ fea - 33 ftCM 8133^ 33E 8ft?t?f tf iTO3- 
ftltH 7 ?8Tt for 384 dH'fytl HHtof3?r uftt ftt 
HVftra?f 73E tf38! 7 fT 7 HBT3 7 1 1 ff 73E 3THf 3lf t 
rfrte 384 tT 7 HE HHf : 9 ftd" ftt 8f$H'd fWT Hold 1 

t :— 

CHjOH (g) + | 0 2 (g) -8 2H 2 0 (1) + Co 2 (g) 

9 

AH ° 298 = -1 82490 ±50 twt 

yfftu 7 yfd^dd* fiyA'h 5aHffH3 tf 384 dlfdd 
ft8f T fy8f 7 1t8f 7 3' cfaTf ffet) cftt rid'dl U3 7 1 1 

um — 38f ua 7 ^- uf?t tt ftta - ftHK t foa?ar 
ofay U7f 8ft offcil ^a tuie* Tpy apraf ayw fry 
U77 1 3aw 38j<5 7 «f« 8fy§fjff hwj faatf 
Hfaretr 8 se$3 E yf ifly ftrt 38jM ayf a 8ft 
to yrwTt t yfayfy 8ptaw y feQy* 384 
Hdiddi ah y aaw ay a i 

fe?t t faa aret 8f<ydytt uy^u 1 arrt ufs - 
feu) 88 38ifc5o( i H7 ay78r a?> t ft 8)Ta*y yf 
anytt^ opa?r ft ^ aa 8fryaw HfHtt8p- 1 aay 
ofat ayf8t uar i 8ffta trr fta 8 th yat y 
3 7 Ua 7 tf 8 f 7 ?w y 8f3artf (Integral) 8ft 8faytf 
(differential) 384 UfW y 8f33tt 384 8fy Utf HW 

uyw ay a yy fea t fet titecr fty ftaa Htyyy 
tt uftw fpy t yt irt tify y 8fa6r«t 38f ta 
■8fy ua 7 ^ ay a yy fear Rw uyau ftr ftw 
wrapr yt up* yf fe3?t 8ffuor hw fty uffjyjf 7 
fpy a ft §nyf tu^y fey ft8ry aaar jyt try t 
fear naa at U3t tuw ynt fea yt 1 8(y yt uaw 
ay a7f 1 8p8nT aw y tfra y 5 .0 ffea ute y hhu 
fey ftt ftyt 2000 twf y 8fea ay a 1 

a 7 . fey<? r <5 feur tt 

J‘<od, Sd'd (Taft, Lorado) : 3333 333 

8wfar r y fea natfapa, tuar 8ft feftt8far y yw 
29 8W, I860 §■ fettarfe 338 fey 8fe>ff? feu 
afe8fr 1 1920 fe8t tt fea 8mafar y yatfapa 7 fey 
aay • uysP'afl Httr nfi fea t ufey fewfyfe 
MtfedfHdl 3 8ft fea Ecole des Beaux Arts HHf 
feu fefw inn arttf 1 33 1886 fey fea feapaf y 
8paa fesHatfyfa fey fefu8far fegara afe8r 1 33 
i9ii fey fent ‘ah a<b 8ft^Hf 8py feyfep’ y 




346 



afeaoaat 




Haataraa 



Vi yd d fe y feiy M3 fa33 iHc*> - y 1 <j 1 d 3 c<tt 7 at 
fefey §3 Hat qW few cftatl H3 1914 3 
1917 33 fea ‘>HVte I33H3 y3 OF3ZH’ W 

■^fed^d fea 7 ! Hddfew fet 3 fen fen raaapat 
aa - nat 1903 at. ffea fen 3 fesr fe d 'a ‘at fdH'gdT 
w Mvrafero jrawjw’ fnyti feaat fat ya33 
‘afeaa afata fe3 Hotmiw’ 1921 Ft. ffeaysafad 
aati feorfet yafedfezt a tun fea aar 3^3 a 

UfdH M3 ‘feWfe Hffefa’ §• d'Hddl HHW 
TOfyWcftdrfey 31 

30 M3333 ; 1936 3 fecTFT fefe feaat vfe 3 
d ltdl I ■ 

cr.y.-'jte. fa. W. 9 : 763. 

3 p feFU3?f}' : fea TO 3 3y3 fee - 3 r faH3 7 3’ 
33 3 f3?3 HFFTT fea ^feg- feoT H33?y33 
afay a feus 1- usat wz a wifewrot 
uaaa 7 atM 7 aafM 7 fea PAocw-td' 1 ft »fe 112 far. wt. 
a 7 amn 7 3M 333 fw yfet h?to fea a 7 fedre 1 
a 1 for afay a 7 73 for a an at dfe 33 ft fe - awr 
fw^Ji 

fed dfciy M 'dsi fed cTY fe HVft <fa Ofe Udfe 

3fet ^fet rr a M3 y^dTdyvr a aaro 3" aaa at hoa! 
M'Wd y-j'Q'a 1 afey eft# 1 uufe" 3 ugaa 7 ai for 
3 Mara aa far. at. ua iruaw a ufeaa aaro 3 
uaa a fea aaa at yamd3 ua w 



afey viyol fe«'ci feaa 7 yH'3afe T 3iu 7 u3 T a3 3 
Mar fed tdfay yaa at few fed y^d 1 a 3 fe^ 1 
fea?> rtfewl (fe '6 ) at 33 zu aia 7 a - m 3 avfe fea 

fea wro fetr foaHaty 7 cfet aaa 7 jaafeor aatM 7 £ 
wfe fea hk Ha 7 a 1 tat 70 far. at nat few nat 
fea 7 afatM 7 aafM 7 fea feat 3 1 

fey afeM 7 3 didvffe-n’ *03 aaaty 3W y*HA 1 
a 1 ’ ufet irira aa r a fey snaar fed afay wd 1 ma 
^faa 1- afea 1 - a w fea a 1- ufet ftfefet sat naa - at 
a%fefe a 1 fea atay fw aaa aa ta sfe aa aia 1 
afe ta w wfea 3 1 ufefa aaraaT 15 ¥tafe aaro 
a^a aia fywa ofta 1- fea 1- ai faa afay at ; ? T at 
mfe faaa-faraa a yaa ffea aa 1 r ^tr yaaa^ w 
yfta a 1 faa afay a ^at aat ^fea afaa fea aa 

aai lawaaaf a aaro a 5 § fe.at at ffea a 
waaaaa *03 awtarfaarfaat sfet yafe afaa fear 
fa a aaiaa - fea tfey 3 ^a aa aa 1 tfe7 afay §■ 
a 33 aat 1840 at. ffear fasr w ayfey fey at 1 
faa af aafet faraor 3 3 a yrarfe wfey 
fed 3 w^ff) 3 lawa^y afea yfea a 3 fe 3 T 1 333 
?wfei 8 d<y’ pavftuH' 1844 at. ffea yi'fey fey 1 
afey a nafe a ?afetcr w $ wia aa a afey at 
ufefet d 1 3 u 1 csl awerat ai fea at aaw affeyro 
yaa aat at 1 fea 3 fafe fea aa fea fea ufaa 
taddrd fet at 1 yafe afay ffea afeayyft a aafe 
3 §a fa fea a vfet - ftfewaaaaaatHHaavroi 
fea w faaa arfaw alaa ffea aaa feroa 7 a 1 

8° 37' §■. ffea.; 77° 15' y. Ha. 

a.y.-fetr. ar. fea. 23 : 215 

3 ^ : f^faaa T 3 fet^afaaa r uy 3 3 aa 
29 W uavrf 3a 63.54 ^1 33 33 3 ufaTO 

?53ty w ^aaty wz: ^wty ^3+ ffea fea ai 
ay Ta* ffeffeyat feaf" faa a3 a?ra aa ferffer 
feauaaa- yaat 3- w ?r at feaa^ wataaa 
3a r ai 

feaat faaat ya aravft d'Mda 1 , uraafeora 1 " 
5 ra 3 yra ya afe a 3 aaa feaf fefecslyrfaaT a aaro 
fed ^dfey nfe 1 ai yfe ' fasr yda at faya 7 
fuMdil u' a a i fed u'd aa ~3 yfaH 7 fasna uaa Mdi 
ffea 3t§3tfeor (Neolithic) H33 5 W Wt M 3 
?aat aat at 33 1 feaat ya a 7 yfet afe U 3 7 ?iat 
ua fea a 7 8000 at. y. a «.diddi a 7 avr afey Tfea 1 
ai 

Al<53lfea' way 3 uftw fea taa f uaa at fe 
3 aafey M3 aaa ffea fea 3 aaa, a^ M3 
aa33 fet yci'S wd «di uai fea ?af at 
yafafeaid 7 333 feaf fera fet wra fea aafey 
a 7 H3a r ai fea era t fa 3 feaa yra aafe afe 



tJ 7 TI feHd Ht/fel dj <£ 1 >H 3 ?Ho(d 1 d HHT ol'dO fed 
CF^ HUH HfHHlf U?f H 1 

irate H>f fra tet ra ra 3 fe»rra fera? 
few fe? afew i 5000 ?f. y. fra rate fra fera 

HH? te <S'W HU did nfeuPU M 3 ^d'd tf d'd te Ot 

ra i 3800 sh y. fra rag? ufe ra frafef ufraw? 
?faF tpte fra ute ra Hmff ute ynra rati fete nf 
ra fra ratet ?f rate ra w nfewi for era tef 
teratef 3700 tef. y, tete?teHTFfte>H 3 fen 3 fe>>f 3 
rate ra few? te 1 3000 te. y. te rarawr Hfefw? te 
zra fra raw ara ferara Kwra fra fkfwr 1 

ter fra fen era tehte raufuF rara fete h^ 3 
fera? rara tete te yte>te tete>tei fra era te >w r fra 
rntetwH ( ntefura te - tetef era) fra 1- rara rauT fu»r 1 
fra te te sw ofdo< H T teute > HH fteu r ?*<£ wdi flmr 
>F 3 wh? fra feniste fen ftefwvr w fte»r 1 fete 
te te te tete ra witetet >H 3 nrafew te raw fu»f r 1 
rater fra tete w rate te rate ra teftef Hite? 
fra ate ra ura rauf 1 tefra fra fra ra §u?ht 2500 
te. y. fe? odd 1 fepiri >ratecr fra' tete te n? 
100-200 te. te fenra? ntefi ?? vrrau te unite 
ufte>rH ran ^>13 H?fra te ye'Oe ra cm fed te tey 1 
HH H 3 te Hte raftew d'd 77 HT finFI 3 t H T fed 
fewra nrarararaf, uwh 3 era te fra rate fra tray 
HH 3 te ratef rate tetef tel fra te w ten n? rate 
fra irtef rarafrF iptefte ratef te raftevr tera te 1 

uotte raw - uftente fra tera feteten »i 3 
raff nrteu rara te ferara te 1 fra ran ratefar rarte, 

rat ftera tef>>F fetefuF, HHtewf tetratef fetef, 

Ffewf hf?, tefetef ratefte tef raw >H 3 ra era 
rate uftete fe?, Ktete frara fra, ran rate wrawr 
»fte >w&u?' irtefrF ftera fte uraf uite tetetefuFurfe 
fra ferara hi 3 fe tef n? rate rate »te ran rate 

tef?uf 5 di» irtetera fed te nte Hite tel 

sftefer rate — ten tefar cfelte rara §■ 
3 HiHir fra tetera tera te 1 

1. yrate tera 2. rasratefe-rafte rate 
3 . wrated-tetefar rate 

rate tet tetera tete>te rate te raw tesra rate 
Htetefra ften ffrate h?t uh nran te gw tete ra 90 
utenra ftera ran yu tente fra ffewra te 1 rate 
fW 1. hto rar ymtefoT te gHrte raw >ra ht? 
tefra 2. ftewf »rte Of fra wfer rarte tef ravrf 
rara - 3. '»rrafte tef ratef uten rara ranr mte 
ftetef tetetehr 4. nraff tetera ra ran rara rai 
tetetefrafrarateFirarara T fra? fwt fra tei 
fter ra fferara wrracr, tefra, ^radtewfe?, gnu, 
tetetef >ra teute wtefoF >>rte ’HigtefoT fra ^f tera 

irara fra frara te 1 



raWHK (Metallurgy) — tete te ftefteTl f 5 ?f 
ddl tete <^dd Hfe H 7 T M 3 ” fe * 1 ^RfF fed rtdl'd'd 

yu'd te ftera hi 

hh te 1 ufute raf ran §• hp^ w teurra - tete 
tera hi fen 20 - 40 % 3 te rara HT 1 ^ r raw 
rara te tera h i fen HFif uraw §■ ften teftera tera 
te te te fen fraw ra5ra te^3 1 wrafe>ra w m i fen 
te rara (Roasting) fefdra ten? n?> i ften 3 >HHiwf 
ftetera te Hwra ftefte>ra (Smelting) ten? ran fen 
ftete^rarairftetefteHFirraHufra^rawfKra 
fra H 7 r te te H W.^d te y? ranra rara tete w w 1 
rara ftete>ra tte tetefer fra tete tete te utf 
ratete fter te ra unraratef nrra fterara (Rever- 
beratory Smelting) tera raftera tera tei oraraste 
nte fed y? rante din, ten te < 3 rt ra yra fterte 
te? te HHte tete wnte ra Hcite te 1 for tera ?7 ra 
?tef fterara fra raw »rW!H'?fe w nraferar 
Hw.d'bld ftete raw raetesj; >W 3 »rfeH ?7 
iterate rate? htii ray »rfeH3 raratete w 
raw raratelH fkw fera fteuftera Hfra>r 3 hw 
rara te fter y raw H? (Copper Matte) WJH H 3 1 
fen frafcW fed y fen? ^n'fedcs bPorrates' hfwot 
(H ux) ra w u?w tete, tete ra? fraw fitefra 

few era fte te hm (Slag) ratera tei 

teltW ra ff? y Vfterar?? te 3 H (Converter) 

fra irfte>F ?ra te i fter eten fra feute te? ff? fra 
nra wrte tete te 3 + ? w ra >wteraH?r te te Ihh 
» rtete?te (FeO) ra rat fterra fte feterante htw 
(S iliceous Flux) ute? 1 W era fte ra td 53 fete 

tera te i fi? frate hm ra wfefed* te te hhw 
sitetecrafefe ra ?rte te >ra fen Hite ? raw tef 
to fora tete te 1 3 fe y raw fe»r tera te »te ter 
te nra w?tef >H 3 hhwth raute te fter sw ftera 

HHtetPH tete (blister copper) W 1 H Hte I 

Htteran rate te fte? fter rate fe? y? wst 
tete tete te i ftery te te fOuite nte Htera fe? nte 
fe? ir fete tera te te fenra feed te (cakes) fed 
rara t rate fe? ufera terara wra feurrafe? nra - 1 
tete fe? feute 3 ? rate te ray ? teste irfete teyf 
fete h i 3 h t fe? nra ?Pdra teraf ?rte h fter ?rara 

nffeHtoW Herfef (oxidation refining) Hte HI HTW 

§yf verara fe? te fgrayra rate raterai fra wcffeF 
ra Mfeterara h tera te »te ter rara w tu te 
tetete nra te Hite ? gu fe? to fra?ra rafeter 
nra i rate y >Mrate fe? rara ftenr rrra te i wfte y 
fe»fe<fra?l' tera fe? ra?ra fete ?rra tei f?fe ? 
fed ften c( 5 ss hu te? h?t i fe^srterate?, raw rate? 

>>f 3 H 5 T 3 -Hietor ? tew (free sulfuric acid) ra tera te I 
fer fe? y? yraratefra tf H?fer H?r i 

tyrarasffra weftrar ?cr te ura 3 tera tetefer nra 1 fey 




348 



few 



fed few, wt, faHlftlw M3 SfwQdlwf fefe fei 
oret MHtflW WSHte fe[315 Hfe - ffefetw 377 1 feH 
iicj 1 dfe 1 " H T 3t > H T MHiilW’’ 3 H5d 3 H't! 1 3 1 ■ 

3$fe §■ MW 33 3 fauRfe 3 dfe (Wire 
bars), fMw (cakes), Htfe (billets) fe sfrtlofr (ingots) 
fed fe« J5fe 33 1 5 til 353 Hiwf3 3 [^6' Qh 
3f^^33^f%3fH^33U3F33^3 t y-i'Q<i TTHt 
3fet ?y- ^trat 3cp 3 M'5 'd' frr% fe Hfvtr, 3 T 3 r , 
fefefe M3 feQfe Mfefe 3 JU fed fedfe 331 fefe 1 
5W ftlUlfi'Qcb' 3 r 3H festMfed^tM 1 ' Ud'^3dcSl 
35tM T (Reverberatory furnaces), M T 3dT sfolM 1- (arc 
furnaces) fe 333 dStw 7 (induction furnaces) fed 
oTtfefefefel 

M r 5Hfe6 3f33 3W fet dfTfet Hd 53 0133 3 
cfldt fefet 3 M3 feufe 33 3+3 3 dfe 3 Hfe 3 
gfew fed 1 " 3 1 3+3 ^tF 333 fe^M - ddtbF fefe 
fed Hfe M3 dfet 3fe fel fens ^3 33fe fet 333 
d|3t & I 33 3dt W3 f feffTM 1 '' fed 1- 3 3+ Hfe M3 
fefet 3W3 fefeiW fed 33 fed fife fHtfdfefe 
Hu<i tfe (electrolytic refining tanks) fed HEFEt fetdt 
fefetdl 

H33 Hfe 3W tT3-3 T 3 33H (hydro metallurgy) 
dMfe fdMW oftfe -H’t!' 3 1 fed fed 5dt U'3 3 
Ujf73 fed Wlfeid fed 1- 3 fdH 335" dW 1- M3 fed U57 
fed 1- 3 3 W3t M33 r f3M r 3333 fafe d 1 " ffefe 3fd 
fed 1 " 31 33 §" Uff7 3 fed fed fedtbT 33^ fed 33 
ffW fedfel 

d'5 3 dj<£ M3" <^dd 

[yflfret d'Md'd' - M r fe‘33 3 MWd 3 dfet 3 
533 3*3 fet fdrlfre) 3 T 333 T H^tM 1- Wfe 7757 
lOTF 3 1 33 fet fHdf7-d5733 T (High electric con- 
ductivity) 33 o(do( fed M'Ufool fferfet Qt!<Hc)l d 1 " old 
333 31 33 fed feWd? 33 333 fed Gt 3 T Mor3 T 3 
MH3 Dd 7- 3 1 feTS" §3 333 eft - HsT 3 ?3tM r fedt 
f333-M3M33 HfeHt 31 

33-3 33d 1 — dfet 3 fw Woft HfetM 1 " EfTfe 
33 33 fet 35753' 33 3 feWd 1- 31 fed H33 
afetfe, dfdfe M3 fed-M65fe3U357t fed 33 d 
3 33t ; ?3f3M T fed 1- 31 33 d fed 3T3 3 3333 
333 Hfefed, 333 dsfMlbT 33^3 M3 3^33 
CI33 f%3 ^fdbr 3^ 3 1 

Mdfdd 3T3 - 33 r ftretWTOT M3 §3te^3T 
33 3 feH 333 fHH^ 3^ M3 f%3 bdTTfet 

733 ddfeM 7 rT 3 I feHti 1 fecf H33f333 3J3 
feH 3t 3 M3 fe3 53t fddolW ?t iS^ft 3 1 

33 r oTTit ftfM T 3 T 33H T 3 3 ¥t" UTTHfecT UIW 1 ' 

<^'rt' 3 1 fen nt cfet <j( • fdci ntvr <sJl otil few fed 

fen 3t UM'Hfeold 7 333 M3dt 3# I fe3 feof <S3n1 



fe3t 3 fe 3fe S 1200-1650° 33 3 r U>T3 3 313)- 
cft3 T T7^3l3fe'3 T M77twtof33 450 0 3 1500° 3 1- 
3W3 e fe tl’cf r d 6^ 31 3W W ^HWfe33 

33FT life 3 (390° 3 440° 3 1 ".) I feH 3 tviwlddd 

fret ffeM'W dow^- u# 3+ fen fen g^t f tfe 

HW 3^ 3t fHfn fedt dret 31 dfet 3 fed 
3^3tMH- ; Mfefedt M3 tdKtMH ?t ^dfdM 1- W HcT3 
31 

. ifeof 3T3 ~ MW 33 3 dfe dt Uldd 1- 8.9C 
33t 31 ^febf-dfe 7 8.35-8.55 3? Mddr ¥ T W33 
31 bTofetfed- dfe Gt U133 1 - 8.96 Udt 3 3fe 3 
fthUHd 33TT 1981° 33 3W 3 M3 fen W Gwf 
3333 4703° 3r. 31 fed 33 W 3TU3-30f 48.9 ^W3 
Udt 3FK 3 M3 ?Wlffe3?7 W 3RW 3W 1150 533 
Udt 3134 3^31 

dFFfedoT 3t3 - dfe W fe3W-MVM3?7t fef 
UdHM d'yl^HO 3 Hot'drt 0.344 ^ rtd 31 fen 53c 
dfe 1 ^'d'^dfeof .33 (corrosion) M3 dH 1 feec< 33 ( 
Hfe Hord 1 " 3 I 

fe3 nfetdiTT)' ffet 53f35' (cathodic) 3 fen W3 
fe3 3^ dt M333 fed 3fetttT3 3 fed ^t 33 1 ) 
fed MMf533tW 33 1 " 3 1 33 Hfe VZ7 dfe W 5333 
3T3 3 M3 MM'fe b<£'0<£ 3T H35 U'3 3 563 M) 
)fi?H3 5373 33 T 31 

dfe 3 bMfe - Hfe M3.33H (non ferrou: 

Mf5fe3 73W dfe 3 MfHfe fdMreT 7733^35 377 I 3^ 

fe fFW3, fed, fe5f7, %>fefeMH, fefer, H'diWld bf 

33 33" TiW feffe MfHfe Hdfe 377 I 53t MfHfe- 5^" 

fe-M3ft 9fe 377 frlH fed dfe 7757 5^f7 fe5 3t W 

fefTt 3fet 3 1 53t fefe 33" fed 53t tTH felHH 

313 Ud - 5377 fTHt fe rfe frJMW U'd 1 5t fefTfefe 

3fetM t 377 I ^ H33^3377 MfTife 33 ffefe fed 3i 

■ W >fe MH 33 1 " 3 1 fe3 377 fedf7 (dfer-feHd), 33 

(3fe T -5f73t) M3 f775f7 fef7^3 (3fe T , ffeH3, f773f5 

fofe 3 33 fet H33 Hfe Mffefe 377 ffefe i 

GJfdf3l5 ?33 fWd 3 fefe fed dfe M3 f77557 

Mf5 T fe H33?y377 377 1 20 fet Hfet fed fec^ 1 ' 

GdUreW H33 feH fePW 31 dfe 1- M3 fe5W 7 

M^Hfcl 1 fed fet" fe5 dH 7757 fi-THdd 33T 377 1 2% 

45% 33 f65 « 3fe fed IJ'Gi 7757 5dl fdHH 

Wfe UW3 5td W H3fe 377 fTRlfe dfe 7TW fe»3 
*« 

H3H3 M3 fefe-dWHW 3 febTW M'5Ht'3f 
Ufedfe Ufe 3771 fefe fed HIT 3 Hfe3^U3?7 3' 
f?73T7 MfHfe 3 1 20% f?73f7 M3 dfe 7757 H3 

¥55 Wfe §3fef313 fHHfed tFdi- ffefe Hd 
febrw fefetefe3T 3i 8oo° nefeidd 3 few 
3n4H57 fed - fe3 Hdt Sdt UffeM 1 " M3 HfebF 
H5t?' fe I fen fed Hdt ^fetM 7 IftfTH fefet fe M3 f 
UfefTH fe 33^ 7757 HXJH ^t 773t lifer I f 




349 



fret for gr Htsiss ire? sfetM** fes c?st y*-' 
'ddFdM T H'S' 3 ! fSST 3 fyS* - 3fStM*" (bullets) 3 9S 

# ysre 3*3 33 i fefs*' 3 fu - fe3 for 3t ?33 3^ 

fW¥t oftst 3*3t 31 25%M330% f33S 
Mif Fd 3 1 Futt'^' 40% M3 45% f(5oi« -^'fy fSoT U3 
Mrt'fd 3 Finn A oi^HdtS^dcS (constantan) sft wftP>F 
TTre 1- 3i fen wfe 3t ftfflfreT ufcsuars 1 333 
f3M T 3 r Otil 3 1 

HAS tFH (Monal Metal) 3*3. S^fSoT UF<?( dct. 
MSis 3 f3H f?3 65%~75% fSc?S US’" 31 fes f?3 
33 MStfl’M 1 ’ 3 cS 1 W rt'B tl;#1 H'dd' f%3 ttd ■ M3 
H’dTAtll 

# 333 fit H3S3 MS^S 31 falS 

l3rit7>4l33;M3 H3'<ddl Hsi* fret ^3fe»T WW If I 
3^, MSfHStMH TPS W\ o?st 3cjT 3 MfPlS 33 T §3 r 
3 ftr^- s ‘MsfHTTtMH 5rreft ; ’ mw 33 1 fe7 1 $ tftr' 

3mr: feg .tfew w Here 1- If i fee? 3133 fe3 7.5% 

M Ph til MH OS 1 3 Pdd 333 ftSM'S 1 ftf3t23T3T 33 
33 I 33 3133 f33 8% 3 11% 3cf MwPhaImH 33 1 " 3 1 
3Sf dfc) HFuJl F*?t) fS3 3t d<£ 'Q Hvfdtl 1 H33 
few 1- 33t 3 1 f?3 MfPfS c?sf §331313 3>P SSt 
?33 .3*3 33 1 ofst 3 W3fe ftTSf? - 3t W ^t 

3S3 133 33 Fdfffci? fS3 fifes 7FW faM^r H3|3 
M3 ^WfecT 33 Hl3 33 331 8% 3 11% 
MShTcSImH 3 r fl Miffs’ ft?3 MTl 33 3 1% 3 3% Wd' 
#t 33T S’ M3 fS3 HfSM* 3f SfPSt (die casting) SSt 
?33 3*3 33 1 3*3 3 MfPfS f 33 33 §3 fret 
^SfeMr O’ I fHfftcTTT 33ft 1%3 MMf 33 3 96% 
,3*3 r 33T 31 3 r dft f3S f%3 fe3f3 fasfcPS 3t 3 
H33 r 3 3* 5TSt ^ §ft fast VfT^fT HdISfH, clSSt, 
S3 IT f333 3t ^ 03t If I UftjS* UftjS fS3 MfPfS 
333 sir 33ff ufe H3 ufeftft 33 333 dH'Fdiio? 
§33ST* f33 ?33 3*3 S3 U3f SM3 fe3 fe^t 3t 
H3S3t Httd'Sl M3 3 T $T? 1 3J3 T 333 fe3 33 3t H33 
H'd .3H 1- fiSl *^dd H'<i fidl US dcS I 

3*S 3 1- fe3 33 MfftS tstSiMK 3^ 3 1 %T 
fe3 3*S 3 IffT 2% >333^ IstStMH.St 3t 3# 31 
3st %- fas' - few w ot? 3t is f^firer 
3 1 HStStMH 3*H 3 33 800° 3T3H 333 33 

lT3t f33 #H3 §333 3W 275° S. §3 3I3H efts 1- 
3*3 r 3 3 t §S3t33 T §HS3S r S33#I3*3t3!f3S 
3 1- H3 T Sf5 T SStfS" cVTf 3t3 T H 7 H33 T 3 1 

fSS 3 fSff¥ r 3St f3SH 3t bdlcilrH 3Sft ¥t 
ssret tT*3t 3 1 fs?j + f?3 fS3 f3SK MH3 - f%3 ftfefT 
3t 3 frfS fe3 H3T?fl¥ 3t 333 3^t S33 T (0.5% 3 ^t 
UTS) 33t 3 1 fe3 33 f3HS f%3 2% 3" 5% 33 H3T?ft¥, 
2% 3 4% 33 ttd 1 M3 3% 3 1 7 .5% M fi fb til MS dtl 1 3 1 
fS3 MfftS 333 f¥M T 3 T H3H3 33 T 3 1 33T33 ^33 
(Phospher bronze) MHrt f33 fe3 3*S r -3fret 3*tft 3 
f¥S 3^ f¥3 r 331333 f3M T 3Ht333 33 






3*3 3 93 3t H33 S 1 ^ MfftS 33 fH17 3 
M'UFtSof §S3f3T3 3H*" fes MSlcF 331331 irfeM 1 " 

9-1 



3H T feS3 3f3I3 (Chemical Compound) — - d'H' 
3 3^i 3 CffeTcf S^rftF 3 ftT?7 fc3 fes 3t 
M'o(Hloid* SfS3t + 1 (PofOuH) M3 +2 ( fo( Q PeJoT ) 33t 
3lfe§MSM 1 fS3 3^3Mflf^MHy’ , st33 r 3fsS 
3 53+ S 7 MUU1S3 3 $ WB M3 l^fftjcr $3 H33 
331 

2cu + — > cu + cu ++ 



M’oiH'elsJ (oxides) : — 3*F 3 3^' 3 MWRrets 
y Sr'Qs 1 3, 1§fvs bfWsst^ (C^O) M3 foffyoT 
MWTStS (CuO) f§§UH M^HSflsi fS5f ffS 3t33 
Utf'dt) 3 1 fS3 fStTH’-MUUlScit 33T ¥*" 33t d'dl 
SS T fSM T 3*3^ 31 fesj g3t 3t d'SlSScl, oT3S3- 
S*3M' , o(H'«lc# ) 3133 3* S3 SMTS 1 " 335? 3*S f%3 
ffbF^id 3t3 r TT r HoT3 T 31 Fdd StS §■ tt'tt'ddl. US’S 
of^ 3 3*s 3 srst «3*- fw far. snstss, 
urets^tssts, sretiis w fefiis M^amretr 3 

3ff§3 331 feffijor M^oossts, feof 533 S3T 3 T 
IPf^S g<5 1 F8M T 13 Hof3 r 31 fS3 3131c?- 33379 
3feToF 3^ M^c?Htc?33 5?3 133 T 3 M3 U^STHW M3 
§3¥3F F^d H33 ‘SdPdM’’ tt'S 1 3 1 fS3 nlw 3 dd 1 ddl 

ussssre-sTifi 



dfset? (Halides) - feflfS c?Sd'Slsi y<i'0* 
fret U3<dl 33T, fe§us M’ofrPSfiT M3 §3 3 r 33S 
ISf^MT WW 3 1 fes 3^ tP3?t 3t M3 feffUoT 
c?Saret3 3t S3 3 3iPS TPS fefw §U33 # 
fe§UH oTSH 1 ^- 333 T 31 fe§ljS SlSd^lsT M3 
d'dld^sFdo? mFhs! S t tits UrFl Sdl 3333 
H T 3M’o?H T St3' M3 Mfsfssts (accetylene) 3 S3 S3 1 
3 M3 SIS feHSHS (gas analysis) f%3 fSS ^S f5St 
¥3f3M r ¥*3 T 3 feffUc? 3Sd'St¥ (Cucl 2 ) fefftjor 
M%PStsr 3 S3 3 HIPS f%3 lKS3 §U33 ssisM^ 
13 HoiS 1 31 fS3 U3 1 33 ^S3oT (Pigments) Ui'Qti 
SSt ?33 fe3 M^^ 31 3*H M3 m9s§u 13 3 ftts 
HMTT3 7PS fe§US M T fS§3’St3 (Cul) 333^ 31 
farmer M'fs^rsl? (cui 2 ) §^s M3?9 mh §3^ .# 
HMdf r<dS 13 ufss oTSSSt MFdlcC (Complex organic 
compounds) fes 9t H¥3 dFdS 1 31 



HS?retFM3 3SSS- 

ufesi/t f%3 yfeft ^samrels 3 |u f%3 ft(S3 r 3 1 
1§3 Sffera- 3*3 M3 HS33 3 §3 331)377 §3 3333 



c?33 7PS 33 T fSM r IP H33 r 31 fafUjoT HS^Sfe 
(CuS) uFo(d’dl fe3 trfelft oftssld (covellite) 3 |3 
f%3 fHSS 7 3 M3 M3313W fe3 fS3 3*3 § S3 - § 



MS 3t 3'SlsTSS HSd'Slsf 7PS fblfSM 7 §U33 
4<i l FSM T IP Hc?3' 9l fsSS^dFdlc? Mc?'a37n 33'y* 
f?3 MMS3SftS 33 1 ' . 




350 



d'H'dl 

fuflilU HBEU (CuSo 4 ) fHHB WW UU E EtB 7 
HH 7 WE UE, EUT E 7 feu HUE uf HUUEyUE gB U I 
feu oTHU nPUHfefB §■ UTUU E UEW SW fHBB 
HUpfew 7 EE El feu iPBf fEE HUE SEf UfE THE 7 
U UU WBUUB fEE WUJBUhIb Ul feHE HBUfB fB 
(anhydrous salt) EHf HUE (hygroscopic) UE 7 U WE 
feu EB-HHE oCdoi (desiscating agent) EE EUfuW 7 
EE U I EW Ef fHEB-WUWUEf HU (electrolytic re- 
fining) fEE UWU HBEU feo( HUEEUUE EE UE 7 U 
WE feu cfef foTHH E EUBU HB'Qb BEf Ef EUfEW 7 
tUE 7 U I 

oPUHUU (Carbonates) — d'H E fUH EE E WE 
fEE UEf WU 7 oPUHEU UT§E ?UE tPcf oPUU oCdUiSd 
HUE UE I fecfe MfdlcP E 7 UUT UT^ 7 EfB 7 E 7 UU 7 UE 7 U 
WE feu EUBU UE'Oe BHf EUE tUE UE I Ufeddl 
fEE feu WfUWfe (agurite) WE HBUWfe (Malachite) 
UfEH 7 E UU fEE ft-TBU UE I 

3Y UU fefUTU - EW 7 W'dHfEU ?UE cfet ETJ 7 E 
EE HB'Ge 7 U feu Hfe f f UUT E W UfaufE ffef 
ue i fen Buf feu fefuiu cffe'dtVHdi EEfetw 7 feu 
EUE THE UE I U'd^ ufe E HU E EUW f%E UfEE 
EE fuffw BUfUU Cu (No 3 ) 2 HEE 7 U I 

oPUU fHBfuU ufe dEd UU fEE fHEE UE WE 
feu cfef fcffetT 7 E EfB 1 ddl HEW UUE UE I 

UeS'A (Detection) — EW E EE 7 E WE, 
WHeflW 7 EE fufUW 7 UUU Uftf 7 EfB 7 ddl fEE UE I 
HERE HUEU Ef EE E fed dj^' UU 7 ddl fEE UE WE 
fUST 7 E UEE WE UUWfWH luH T feW T E 7 UlE EE UU 7 
UUT fEE UE I HHUZUTE Ef HEE EE feH UE Ef ffeff 
frTUt HBU 7 E 7 Ef UE 7 EffeW 7 E 7 HUE 7 Ul 

si'oiddl Edd (Medical uses) — d'H E H'd BB 
HUE EfUUfB UE UE fec^ 7 Ef HUE ftTUf H'dd 1 Ef 
fefUH fusfw 7 feU EH WHU UUEf U fefe EHt 
feH Ef EUE HUE WTU Utff Ul UEB EHUt^E B^B 
EBfW 7 UUFBEWU EEfetw 7 fEE Uf feH Ef UU EUE 
UtEtHFEf Ul 

U.y.~>>E. fe. 6 : 4X4; >>te\ 7 : 651 

d'y'dl : HfUE E feH fUEUE WE 

fefdd WcTU E 7 TTEH E. 839 Hf . f?E EHfeHEE f?E 
WHE f%U Ufew 7 1 fed HUE feW'ci' WE UfHU 
felEUursru xrfi feHE feuu, ntufw 7 we fernu e 
f^fEWoT-UEU 7 f%E E 7 U f^fEW 7 UWE 
BffEt I UHt HE 7 Ef feUEE ?UE feHE WEE 7 fEEEW 
EHEt WE fEUEt tTEoPUf UOIE cffut WE feHE 
W 7 !!^! 7 f^TE 7 j%E HUE oftE 7 ! 

WEUoT UEE EUTf UE UU^" feu WUJE 7 BEUt 
HH 7 fEUE U^rt 1%E EUT 7 HfUW 7 1 feHE iTfE7TUE 
f%E BESt UEfelEBT WE HHUTU ^HE-UHE UUt I EU 7 
fEE UE 7 UUf WHEHdE Ef HfHET WE HEE TOE E 



UEft Ef HEE77E fEE fEEUU UE 7 UU fEE 7 ! ffe 
EUE feH U H<sl fEE 7 ? 7 §" feUEU UU77 fEE fe 
HUEE-yUE fUH 7 U 1 few 7 1 

feH E WTUE tffEE E 7 HUE 7 HH 7 HUfU’E fE" 
fed 'few 7 fefe feu U^'^fe 1 WE fEUE 7 feU 7 ! HUTE 7 
fEE Uf 923 Ef. fEE feHEf HE U UTUf I 

u.y.-^lu. fe. f(. 17 : 980; ‘dfu. fe. H 7 . 9 : 753; ^ 
26 : 200 

EUf, HoTE fE. VrfecT : WUE HH E 

.HHUf for HE-UHE fEtdE'E WE ufcTUU E 7 EE 
1100 Hf. fEE EUfe fEE 3HfeU fEU OfeW 7 ! feH r 
HEWE HU5TU E >HU oPE fEE EUU fEE fenfetw 7 W 
ur^EtW 7 E HHU 7 HE HUEEUUE IHE HU I feu 11 : 
HEf E §"W EEHEf UfcOdTd Ufef ErffEUTHfl 

U^EfW 7 E 7 UEforUEofUU 1147 Hf. fEE Ufer 7 
EUfetW 7 E feU m E feH ffe UHE 7 cffE 7 1 EgEt> 
EE Hfe 7 HHtu ^E uffe UE EUH 7 E HEE ^c^ 7 E ft 
E frlU fE - UE EUH cffE I fUH UE THE HU 1 UU E ft 
E HE E Hfe HEfeUW 7 WE feu ^E 7 fEU EB 7 few 

^u fen e wyidlw 7 we feHfefw 7 Ieeuu fhue Et 1 

HUE 7 EW UUE fEE ffw 7 WE 7 cffE 7 1 feu U 7 
HEHfeT fEE Ufef EUT EE 7 T# I EW Ef RE E 
U 7 §Ef fe d fe'od U 7 -CT 7 HU Hf I feH fEE. UUEfW 7 
HUH-HWEU EBTJE E 30 XJHU 7 Efw 7 fEWrftjW 7 
UlEfw 7 ufefw 7 UE I 

9 TJE, 1171 §" ^E 7 fEU EW Ef HE UHf I 

u.y.->?l?r. fe. h 7 . 91790 

3 T HUT, d^l (V (Tamayo Rufino) : HUHfU 
fill UfUUU 7 Ef HEf fEE WfefE E’E WE W" 
UWUUf UHU E HTWftEE feH UfHU fEUUUU E 7 E 
26 WUIHE, 1899 5 " HUTffU fEE EtFU 7 (oaxaca) f 
ufeW 7 1 feH E 7 HEUE feu CTEfe E UU E UEfewn 
HUTU feU WJU feU feHEEE UB HUTltU HfUU f 
feu 7 ! feu h'oh! ftufeu scddlw 7 (Zapotec India 
fEE Hf fefTJ 7 §■ HEB 7 E BU (The People of 
clouds) fuu 7 feE 7 Hf I 

HE 1917 fEE feU EHEB HUB W1S EH 
WWH fEE EWB UfeW 7 HU TTBfe Uf feH E Es 
WWE EU E fEUUUfef UUE BUT fUW 7 1 HUE 7 HE 
EB fEE UfUB 7 feU HUTffU Ef BUfW UB 7 
EfUW 7 ftTH ?UB feH E U^fUTE IJUUU 7 E 7 f 
UfUEUEE feWP^B E 7 EUfW 7 EUT feffBW 7 ! feH 
HUE UBHtW 7 Ef EHB HWdUf fEUUUfef EE 5 
EBUfef 1921 fe. fEE EHtSB felfulWH ’ 
WWWff fEU'dl E Htff HUE HUTU UU fed fed 1 
HE 1920 EUB feH Ef WWlEU EUWfef fEEUc 
HW UUU feOfedH fed UEf HE 7 UHf fdH Ef UB 
7TUE 7 HWE fEE feH E EUT WE UBEHU fEHUl 




351 



sfer, >*feudu 



sot OT fess 1 " ur ms fen s fes s HHUOTt ushpOT s 
ftT# 1 fo[ fd'id 1 (Rivera) MMOTU (orozco) HlUdGn 
(Siqueriros) S MU cfdvH 9" I HS 1938 fWs fed 
feQy'dof yfdd S’ sJ'ttdA Ho(W MS 1946 ut. fsfS 

uuirfos fefstMOT w hot f?s fesnuu re? ms 
mIww ?ot feu 1 " i fen s ffe ns! s uus ms Mm 

SU S MOT HHOT Pddd ftT? oft ‘sdnlAot ^lcSH 5 
(1930) (Phtogenic Venus) MS ‘fHS fes St sfetOT 
‘(1962) (Women in the Night) fen St Qyd'tf feWdl 
Shotas’ us i fen s fes 1 ? 1 fen s HonttH s ‘st 

SHSS USH MOT OTUtS MOTUH ; MS ‘st SHSS 
fefstMH M'S MHOTfOTOTt’ (The National Palace of 
Fine Arts & the National Museum of Anthropology), 
OfUH S ‘<J*fetfeS SUSOT MHbfeSOT, HfelfeOTof MS 
cfttSdM M'ddlo'yltdH*’ (United Nations Educations, 
Scieitific & Cultrural organisaiton) MS HAddlrt S 
MOTHU’ 67 Sfet fSMOT oftS ofU - fUSU feH st ftl/t 
oOToPUt S UT^U St UOTOTt fss US I feH S H# 
cOTufet sur TPS’ motot sh st unuOTt s sirs, hu 

WW MS UUHHUt OTOT S 1 " fSSUOT MUOT fSTSOT OTUt 
UtS 1 " U! feU HU SU S HU 1 fUSU MS fSUfVTS fSSU 

yu'Qi ?ot" OTots fsVdcPd Sri far s OTots fssOT 

fss ‘f%HS MS SUSSSUoT’, (1939) (Women of 
Tehuantepec) ‘UOTOT U st fesflMS UH’ (1952) (Hom- 
age to the Indian Race) MS ‘st HUftu ^dd’ (1954) 
(The Sleep Walker) UHH US I feH S feSM" f W 1 954 
OT. f?S fi-rfeM 1 " H^t IPS' H'fe<58> S r § B SHfeS T OT (Sao 
Paulo Biennale) MS HofHlof HUcfOT ?ff" fOTsUUOTt SUt 
UWUt feSM ITUS oTUS r UHU US I HeTHtH Hfou S 
SOTWUUU UOTcT f?S 1981 fet. f?S UUtS SUPS 
fefstMH 20 ?t. HSt S HUoftf'cPd 1 S HHUfes cfUS 
?OT yfeM T fUTM T l 

U.U.-^. fe. HP 9 : 793 ; *fVl\ 26 : 250 

3" r H3 T HV (Copper head) : fed SUUtS 7 itu 
"cOTUfost (Crotalidae) fw ll for S UOTt 



fsfmMFOT S 1 MtTf^HUUSS of6ddfe^c(H (Agkistrodon 
contortrix) U - 1 fes MM SU S SUTSt feSOT MS SOTft 
BSUT - fSS US 1- SI fOT OTfcTS UHT MHUtcH S OTW 
Wft UU 1 ^ fss HFTfHSH S d’cfH'H ScT fHSST UN 
fe5T rFSt S OT SS M^PS S US US 1 S 1 " MWU 

ofS st 90 H. Ht. S fSM r € T ?7Ut US T I 

felT S HUtU ^liU HOT UUTStM’’ tSUStM*" H T U)M t 
UStM 1- US ! feU" tPUtM*’ §UF iPtW - S SStM 1 " UU fUst 

aufer ustMr us i smst ot otms OTfuu ms ysst 

HM ts tTPMST OTS UtS t fe^Tof #S fes 

WJ# tss St UtT ofU fuup- US 1 " S’ I §sus irst ftrs 

■fe" SU, SS, <?Q ofl pf, HOT SOT? 1 " MS SU" tleO'dl 
Ifst fes ^ OT yUOT US US I UTUHtM 1 " S Mtffe FT" Hf 

feur fer hot 1- ot fesr tw f?s s s 12 ts gfuM 1- s 
HSH Isst Ul fsfas ufe^ feur OT MOTSt y?" 

SHt SOT fus 1 ^ 1 U"1 OT ufw f?S feu UUS OT 
^ddH MOTOTT US 1 " ofdV Ul HOTofS d'-H MHdld 1 S 
UdUl SOTF" fdd feSS" ?OT HOTTS UfUS fcldl HSof 
MS UOTtMt - ?OT UOTt ?OT W S 1 " UUT feH HU ?5OT 
HS UOT 1 - ^ ofOT fW SUT S I feH HU S ftOT S 
SS 1 fefUM 1 " Q"d' H?st fife" (Sensory pit) MS SStM 1 " 
UOTlM 1 " US' cFOT feu U? T feM r FT HofS 1 " U" I MOT SU S 
feU HU SUH HS'M S 1 ". US 1 " UT UU S feH S SUTfeM 1 " 
OT? FT SHVft oftS 1 " Wt W UU Ut tUT HOT ^S 1 " U" i feu 
S 1 " feSOT tOTSt Ut ofU^ 1 " sfets 1 " U UOT SU S OT 

fern uu sfeTM 1 u? 1 

U.y.-ate. mit. 7 : 666; ^lu. fe. 6 : 475 

3 T H T , OTMUdeJ (Thomas, Albert) : fed UUOT 
S 1 " fed feMOTSSOT Ht fOTH S 1 " OTSH 16 OTS, 1878 S 
ufeH S S# HOTUtscffeu f?U ufeM 1 "! feH S'" ftfS 1 
feof SSUtM 1 " Ht fOTH SH^t feuSS SOT feH ^ oTOTOT 
MS OTSl?"dfeut UUU St fefiw festl Uffet l?U 
ufeMOT tfe" ?UOT feU ?OTtU S MOTOT S fSUt fefSM 1 
UUOT cfUS SFt UH MS OTUHSt felM 1 "! fof SOT" S 
OTSOTUOT S 1 " feH S f?UOT' r S 
oPUt UOT? fUM 1 " MS feU 
UOT? feHSt MOTOTt UHSoT fe 
fefeorfeOTH MSHS’ f?U 
Qsfd HOTOT^OTt feSOT 1 " d'dT 
U3U fsufet fss 1 " UT I 

OTU 1904 feUOT" OTUH 
SMS fdOHS'yfe Udti 1 M'dd 

sus hot fen §■ fen s 1 

HUrfecT OTPSoT fSMofS oftS 1 " I 
feH S OTSUS CPTOTUH MOT 
SHU S" HOT US S' Ad 1 ?OT 
OTJ3OTUUS ffecT fSSfet I 

HS 1910 MS feU 1914 
ut f?s feH S SHU MOT 




352 



TTHTi'A'S 



feddfd Rdf dd few fdTW m3 fed H3 3 fed 
HddldH W3 Ufife H yd' fed fed fdlfdW ri'£ 
dfdTwi 

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m<“>dltH't!d ddcSHdl Wife ?H fed Hfcl 1 fd3 ■ ddl 

marafe Hdora to mnwdT^d 7 §33377 feci'Qdjfet 

dfiHW few d 7 fe ,6d'H m3 cfe dHl dlcid'H d 7 
fHM>fed37> yddd'cf ?fdW W Hd I 

y<J flltr feH §" ^Jlddd'Hddl fed-rf HdlCtS 3 1 " 
UfilfT 7 si 1 fedddd feyofd did' FdlW I feH ?f feH 
Hdl5* 3 IW? £ -wQd m3 Wd^H^dt fd33 

53577 3 few? sfe to orfen fen to 3 ^mffew 

5333" fen §■ 1921 st. fed" Wife tW 3t HHdt 3 

mndfe 7 3d 7 few 1 1932 §■ ufer fet fer df Pfe 3 
dlHtl .•■•'•■ 

O'.y.-yt?. fw. 22 : 144; ^t?T..fe. H 7 . 11 : 713 

3 1 fHl?7j T f' : 333 3OT 38d fed d 7 fed 
33 3 fadd 7 3dfe Iffedfe 3 fetfet fad 3 ydfe §3 

to fefdw ? i fen fed'nafer dfef (hwtt) differ 

33 dt U3HF 33 tffet #32? W3 dHdt fdd H3HW 
7777 KdTdf 3 ! 331 3 §33-lfeH fed" dd<S'dd , §3d' 
fed" W33 U3F, OfeH fed 5133 d'd ffel dt Odddl 
333 031 fe 3 3 W 1,30,058 fefoTHf. M3 
mPfedf 5,56,38,318, (1991) 31 ' 

ufe3fe3 3 T 3 3 r 7333331 dldd 7 !# U? 1968 
dt. fed fed 3 dfbd" <?'« d'(H<7 did 1 m3 Q 5 1 fe?7 
Hdl 3 r 3 <?'Wl 3 r fkf5' 373 3 WIT? 3 ffel 3 T 73 feF 
dfeWl'f 3tf fdd 7 few I 

d-m'Foi dl ffefcjpwr 

U333 — 0333 CftF fed 33 §" § fefHW-^d" 
331 fe Ufedt H33 W3 yddf 3df Wd fed fefeW 
dfeW 31 

(1) f% 33T fe Vddf 333 - fe? ddld feddt 
foH fetJ UH3 33 377 feldd 7377 J53Tfe Oddi m3 USVft 
IH 1 <3 * 3 ?fiffe W3 ddl HdTT 7 cVrt Gfe 333 377 1 fedj 1 
fe 331 3 1 " &3T33T 38,000 fe.fpT.Ht. 35TH 7 iffew 
3feW 3 1 fof" 3 ifeK fe3 y3Ht W, 33 TO 
H'ddddt W), §33 fed dfedl^' O^m W3 

y33 TO 3 7 f>T57?7 r 3 3 3dt H3T77 377 I of fedt, U733, 
%3F5t, d'ddU3cfe W3 llfeWd 3fdW feH 333 fe3 

ifen 3 uW ^fe ^dfe 3§ yfet ferra ffed fedfe 

377 1 o( fed! W3 felH 3tW H<J 1 fed 6tflW 3 fdH Gfe 
333 3f dfe-S'd ofdcT fec^ 1 §” Hid Ofe 1 333 Hci' 
sfew 31 «SUd oTfe-Sfe 5333 cfetW 3 fec^ 1 
fe§3feuid 3fe 31 ifent fife fed fed 833 450 
Ht. §3 3^ 33 fe U3df fife fed fed ffed 150 Ht. 
fefe Of ffe 3f3 dfe 377 1 



(2) U3fe 3fe ifed - 3 T fH377 T f 33 3 fd3 
77fe H3W § U33 Iffe 3333, 333 ^fe fife 
3333313, ifeK df7 U3fe W 3771 §33 sfe fej 
3377 mW U3H 3HT 3 H3W fed fefefe 3 fed 
3771 fed - H33 llfef 33137 3 7777 7777 Udf 3f Hd77 
fed Ife 33 377 m3 >v(3r f377 ddF-ddHdd (§33 d?7 
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m3 3fcfd df7 33773733 W3 H33dt 3 dW HdTfe 
fed dd 33 377 1 §33 dfe ufe fed Udf 3f ddfef ufe 
m3 333 fed ¥73 3 I ydfe Wfe fed fc'drtd dfe 
dfew fec^ 1 H377 7 fed" U33 df fdH 7 fed ?3T3 33 
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5?'Wt, tdFdf m3 IRTdTTdfW" 3 Wife 33 dd td3 
dt 333 33 3771 dfedT, Udfem?, Odd, tdlfet. 
3fe33377f, t^3 m3 mdTTf ddfW d WUd 77df 
W33 7 fed Wild 7777 femfet fHdf 7777 fSTj 7 HdTT 7 § 
cTdf §Ud 1 § 3d 7 fdd 7 3 1 

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llSVlf Wd 3 fen df ifevft §3 Hd^'d 377, fed f?7o7> 
d U33 fed 8'rfl 33T77 fed d 7 fedTdtW 377 1 377 7 
fedd'dfi fife df 7731 dfefe, fW df H3 S 1 773 
3 1 fdH 3 fdff 7 ? 7 UTTd, Udfemd, cjffedl 3 ddd fet 
^dFdf m3 dfedUddf fe9 dtW 33 TTdfm 7 377 I 

dtm 7 77dfW dHU 7 33 fed 3 
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3Hd df dfijdfm 7 377 I offedl 77dt 3T33t W3 H3df 377 
HHH 7 fed dHU 7 33 7777 d31df dfijdt 31 

375^73 - 3-H5T 3d 7 3 dd Hfd3 3d add fe 

~ s 

§Hd yfe afddl 3 1 3T3H1 dl 33 fed fed t 

dTIHd: 43° Vt. m3 H3df fed 18° K. 3 dd fe 3fife 
31 

3 r fH7777 r d d 7 ddfe fife 7 HHcf 3 fe§1d fed §^ 
333 d 7 ffeiTd 7 fife 7 U3H3 7 3 33 few 333 fe 
W fed 7 3 1 5fd77 r 3a' 333 3 3d ^dH 7 fdWd 7 3d1 7 
5(13333 fed fedd 61 FT. Hi. mH3 ^dd 7 3d1 ! 

arafew ^77 wffem 7 fer ioi h.hF. dsr udd fer 

3! 37T 3 §33-33fe fdfi^m 7 fed fedld, §37 
m?5 rz, fddrcrife m§ §3df mdoid fed ^aw 3T3i 
m3 H3df 3fe HHH 7 dfm 7 377377 U<± 1 7777 3d1 < 
f3377ffe(l7f, afyy^d, fedddTITTf, d’Hrt'tfUdH fe 
^dd 7 Ufe 3df 31 fed Hdt §33-U3Hf H75577 37 
377 3dt 31 33 37T fed H7777 7 W33 ^dd 7 64 
191 H.Ht. 3 fedodd 3d1 31 

fifet — dfettcV fed ?777, 5T771 m3 Tfe 
fHdf dfef fedl 31 fe^ 7 H¥ fed 7777 fifet fe 
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3 1 fed Ufe §dr3§ 3 U3 fed fed dfedf fifet 77 
f>77 3T3l 9", §d Hd dfef 3 1 5T77f f> 




353 



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fafepn 7 fed fefe fM 31 §33fet Odd*" fed dfed 7 
7>dr ffefefe ■h«^ fefe 3 few fvirtti 3?r i fed or. el 
feld 7 ^ 31 

yAHUdf — 3 1 1>ff5?3 T S' d'rl 3 15 fedfe y3d 
fed 33T3 f)3S3 37T 1 Ugfe urfe 3 fed Odd 7 ftfe fe 
feftfdlfe, MddWdt M3 Udfe Udfetd 7 3" m- 

wife fern fe wnife fewfe 3 i uefe upfe 

fed 7 ysfe dWW M3 fedfe M3 HWdfe fefaPH 7 
fed 7 Udfefd 7 3 §d3 dfe Uddfe M3 WdOfeT 3d 
df* 3 33T3 ffefe U7TI dfeddd M3 cSlftfedl fed 
foffe jfed fedfe 31 dfed 7 3 tdfed 7 fed 
ddT^TT 333 fewfe 3 1 fedfe, d§3, 5?fe df 7 fed 7 
dfefd*", dfdTK, 3333, HM, Md fed fe WtUdf 
3t>fe U3 feHfe U3 1 

fefeUTT 

Ufefe M3 HWfefe HtW fed fed fedfe 
#3 Hdrferrfe fof fmddr 3d 7 fe fad ufed, fed 
M3 Ud^T dfe dfe dTT oldd 33 3t5 I f03 feWdd 7 3 r 
fed 333 feoHH 3fe>f I fed fe fed HHfefe 333- 

yyfe Mm 7 fed tfe i fenw, Hddfef M3 fefeydvr 

fedfe H33 tP fasf HH dl fe MtT fe 3T3 fedfed 
drt I fed 333 1565 fe. fed HHriH'6 1 
3 333 33 M 7 feld 7 1 16 fe. Hfe fed 

3dfe ffe? Uddl fel3 d 7 f<do( | H?T 

1801 331 fed FFd 7 feWcF H333fe 
333 fed FTHW 33 fed 7 fdIM 7 I Hc5 
1947 ffe? 333 f MWdt fedd 3 
fed fe MWd 333 3 T fdfe fedM 7 ! 
d 1 few y fe 3 H 3 " ^ feM 7 " d 7 dyd 7 33 T 
H333 33 fed dfed 7 1 H5 1968 fed 
fed fe MHjfe fefe 3 fe tlfe fe fed 

— <J 

ddT 3 r fe d35 3 dfedWf 33 fdfe 
fdIM 7 fed 3 d 7 ? 'dfetW d 7 fel’ 3 31 

nf'dfdoTfe 

33331 d3d — fed 3 dddfe 
d3fe fed tffed M3 33-d5rfe fe 
JdddUdl 

dferT - 3fe fe M3fed3 fed 
yffefe fe H333 7 life fe 3! fed CF3 
M3 3d fe WZ 31 Off 333 Ifdd 7 fed g3fdfefe, 
Hd 7 , 33 fe fdfe M3 Md3cT fedd 7 3 1 333 dfefe 3 
ddd oifetgd, dSd, dtffe MdoCd, fdddddlfe, 
f333lfefe fed fedd 331 tfffefed fed ^d 7 M3 
fdUdd feSd 1- 31 felfe Mdcdd fed fadTdfefe, 
fdddcPUfe fed ffe d 7 Odd, feddd M3 ^fe fe fdfe, 
ffeddffefe fed dfe d 7 Odd M3 fefefepfed fdWd 7 
31 



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53 dddd fed fedM 7 TT3 7 3 1 jfefefed dfed §cf d 7 
^fefdWd 31 

3ST fdfPfe - U3-fddfe dd?3fe fed fed 
offe fecm few 31 dS§3 few, UfefoTd 7 few, 
Hdd few, >fe3 U3-fddfe few, innddd 33- 
fedfe few 3dT feM 7 H33W33 feWfe 37T I 

ddlddd fefe fed dWPdd fed Md’IdcT IFdd 

— 0 

U3fe 33'feM 7 fdIM 7 31 fed 1995 3 MdfdM 7 

Mddd yd 3dT fed 29 U3-fed?5t 333, dd dddd 
Hddd, dd U3-Wffe M3 ?dt H33 fey fed dfd 
dddfetd HdrfU3 3 1 

yfedfet - fed dnr fe- 70 fedfe ? d yfedfet 

fed ddff dfe 3 1 70.88 fed UoT. fdt ¥dtfeT 3 fed 
fed 35.06 Ucl. ffe df 31 fed dfed feddd, dfe, 
tWd, dfe M3 3W fe Od T dd dfe 3 1 3W, fefe 3 
fefe, oTUd, fddd 7 , fed, odfe, dd M3 ddd fed dfe 
feM 7 dUdd ddfe 33i dd dfejfe H3W M3 
tfeW fe fldT 31 ddd fedddd, Hddfet M3 
ddcS'dydd fed U3 7 dfe 3 1 fedtMSr M3 3'd fed 
fed 7 3d t[3 T dd 7 33 1 ddldfe fe fedd fed fe fed 



fdfefe 3TWfe 333 3d3 M3 fefe dfe fe 
feoT ^33 dd7T ofdoT FPd 1967 W fed ddT Mrt'tfl 
ddfe fe C|3Wd fed dddd feddd 3 dfed 7 O' I 

dfe ITO3 - drfdfedf fe 53133T 1000 fadt. 
dfed^ddafe-fedlfedd 1 fw fed fed MdoT 
3fed, Fife M3 Sfed 7 331 fe^ 7 HsT fed dfed 7 
fefed 7 fefed 7 33 1 fefe Hfed 7 3 HfefeM 7 fe fed 7 ?T I 



3d3 3 3373 ddT 7 cd# M3T 31 




fedf- dd3 # ddfel fedfe fddTdUd fetf fefe 
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354 



fewna 7 - few aw f?a few>H^ f??a ^ ^ 

ut afew 3 " I fefefew fey TO a 5 ?lf HW>tfaf yaW 

0 

fea fecr a I UW-feawt UfflW 1 ?' a aWW fafl 7 
U'dy'few wwt ?w at ?>ft w ya 7 oidfel a i ?u 1 'H 7 
tayara »ta ?tfeF »T?Wfet ?ffw Wt WWHat 
feww fey way 7 yawa ufa awi gat ?uw 
GdUdl fe^ W 7 ?W GdUdl O' I Hdd'fel, (dd*<lfefel, 
fyyaauwf, ywwwjyw w < 5 fyy^d gat sow 
awQa a ?it way aw 1 uy , wtffea >na fy"tflAl»rfaar 
Gywdi' a 7 ?fet fe?w afe»F ai safer awacpat 
fewfefer fey sow §ww, w?at fa yafet ?aw,' 

ffeat a sf fe ae'Oe, djd , W^, UWd a si ' ss , ^dld-fW 

a affew a 1 aw ye'Gy. , a 7 ^ an afar afer 7 , awa a 7 
www, ?a afef 7 wafer aw cfee rra ?at aa ag 7 a 
cfH fra uawa aw i awat w?wt w^wra rra feww 
dWQy WBt ?t UfHTJ ai few a few 7 ? 7 wtwt 
fwaiwata ?uw?w, fewamaw Sa laaat, afet ywa 
wfetwa uww, faawaw awtfyaa, raana'cs aa 
fewK, Haaw faafetwat, waaw aaalwfelaa rra 
yyrwauuy i?aal staffer hww 7 aw i utawyafey 
Hfya aw?-ofa awaat Eabtf 7 fey wa a 1 ?at ai 
w#wt feyfe?- sw waww-uwa uwfeai 

nrswfet a wnw - ya aw fey aw waaT 7 at 
wwfet 6 , 555.45 ferfet. ( 1990 ) ai aw vaaar aw a 
wit fafferr fey h^ - aa aw i yawt ny auwt fafeyr 
fey ^ aw wfetw a rfa aw wfetw faat >yy 
uswt yaa 7 f?a ai aw fey 1.70 wy feat. wafer 
u?fer aasr 7 aw 1 

arfewraf a aa fra ?yl safer-sirfer 
taaapa 7 aw ua y?fet fea at fea fear ? 3 t taaara 
ai aattfew, wamfea, aferga, aw'aw, yaaw? - 
nafeanfetTai, aat, uwaaat, fatwcidl Jjffa ^a 
HaaaFa 7 aw 1 awal - a wa afaniaaK f?y yfaa- 
awat a?fet mw 7 ?t 1 few a" few 7 ? 7 faaaarywt, 
naafet mw afeaaa alaa 7 f?a ?t a?fet yfa aw 1 few 
1991 a yffesW' nfwaa w?t yy 1 fey aw f?a 
aa# wna a ai wa 7 ?^ yaa 71 f?a nrwt feyat ai 
?w nlaa 7 at faaat wt arai' a w 20 afaa yfeaa 
aw fenf f yrwt lwa^aiafeaa^fePHra 7 
aw ua aaat ?w uf at a fenra 7 w f^a 7 yalyal a 1 
fey* a war d 1 few aw 1 fe ^ 1 at wh 7 ?t 3 T few at 5 " 1 
fey faa uaw a uaaa aw 1 fea tyaiaw ^w 7 ?‘rt 
arw aar a aafeynw fea a war aw 1 fef at saw 

fwwfer «fet Hafer a waiaar few ferat at a yfa 
few 1 ?y aat yar aaatwt wat affet 1 ?a 1 w 90 

afeatyra 7 *^ tagar at a 1 fey? 5 afeat stafet uw 1 
few o(dc< yaw Hfenr a at fea fag naffat yfa 
afeyfa 7 a 7 uiua 7 fea 7 a 1 

• fea aa a sfet afea a 7 feaa aaa 7 sra^ dt 
Haaa aw i Hawwtyaa, ferana, faaaat, wsr?wy, 



uia^a, laaaauwt, aaafet Ma aaa?af naa 1- ?a 
afaa awi fa? at ya 7 wat faaaa f?a ^w 7 aa 
y feya afenr ai aaaa aatw f?a fear awa 7 a 
feraaf f?a aaaw >afa awi aaaat f?a s 
dd!? 1 * fe?a 7 aaa ai fea?at yd 1 *' §■ waaf 7 
fua aaafef 7 uiatyf 7 aatyf 7 aw 1 

fea aaa yaw avaw at ^utw feaaa fiw 
at fw? ua - aaa aw 1 

aaa 7 at frat »f>f faat ?aw ?yat a 1 fea 
frfet a 7 an Hunfet ufd <? 1 a 1 a 7 fuwyaut ua 7 ! 
fea utwt-aa-ufwt fea faa 7 feat awa 7 fea 7 a 1 fe 
uwtw faa HH%at, tfeHw, traffea atat ft? 7 ? 7 1 
aw a 1 fear fwh >na few »fef yiwa 7 aa yf^aa 7 
?y-?u atat fe?w arat yawa aw 1 

aw f?a 14 gataafeafea awfua aw fa? 
fw yw uw— ’yiaKwwt y*t?dfedl, naa 1 
ywt?afeat ( 1857 ), waKwfetw Haafet arna 7 
ywkdfedl (1966)1 fapyw aa ywt?afeaf>H 7 f? 
fe? yaferat yw Haa aan 7 ffeaw y*t?dfedt »\ 
a 1 few awt?afeat whw aw 1 

a.y.-faafer fe?wfet? : 239; fea. fa. k 7 . 11: 53 
sm? a 7 faw-a 7 . Hfeiafer; fea. nfe. 26 .- 251 (1985: 
Jreaa f^atM 7 ; f^afet 7 1995:817; fea. fe. 17 : 1014 

HTfvre-, 31 F f yrff 3 - : fea ayw ua 

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a 1 fea m 7 aaww ufewa at fe? ywtw ww fe 
wat ^ 1 w? few at fauat aw »w a? - fea fwa 
?fet a afepn 7 fer fen aw a 7 yfaa aa 1 afew 1 
fewy a aw f^feTWTfkr 7 w fenfea, ywwf, wwf 
wfa aw ?ut a 7 ^ aw w ?t »ffa ufetw * 
yffeta aw Hfwdf 7 ai aaw 7 aw ? 7 at fwaaa afet 
aw at fea fewra 7 a fer fea yffa uwtw aw 
awaa ?t fwaaa au f?a few a?' ?ft?w a nfe u 7 
f?a ufetwa a 1 few aw f?a fiwwi aw a ww 
ffa^fwarwtfaafiwaw^ac 
a wafer ufaw 7 fe? - huw aw yw wff feti 

few a?- aferw Haa' at Gauat a 7 h$u a, 
f?d ?'* 7 w feafera aw a aa?a naa a fea 
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wfa au fw ? afefew at fauat fiW sftat a 
d 1 few a yaa h 1 d f?a?w few na ww Hfana < 
awi 

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fua>fe aa ??t feur a Hit a 7 ary a 1 fi^ww 7 w fe 
irfwTft (400 at. y.) a ufaw 7 a 7 afu fefww ai 
utu fea few a ufaw 7 a aru wuar 7 a 7 ?aww 
ffewa 7 a 1 few ata fea d 1 few ua at ?aa aat a 




355 



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3 T fi-fT5' HcT 



356 



19 et. ret fee aree, ate fufaerer, earet, 
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free muga, oeOydl, arta 7 , ueaare, feauee, 
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afee 7 1 20 et. net fee eararet a uarea a e refaa 
e rere au 7 e 7 feere ae ot i efea 7 , arae, area, 
earet, e'Sre 7 a uare-ufecre 7 e 7 err fen ere et 
fere ee ai are fee aet ret e 7 feere afee 7 ! 
uree Haferfe a frg Ore feu refe 7 are e 7 treea 
fet ear fee afee 7 i reftre are fee warefe. urea 

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safe, wyrefe a afte-arfe efet freeat fee re ua 
erefae ear e aree aat re \ freura gfeaafete 
efwue rean ire a fereeileH’ Tree safe 
aree et aea 7 eae ea eta 7 ! fre a 1 nrere gae - 
arefee renaat a - Henutea et tat e 7 eaeae 
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e erea a eaiare so aree fou i fre are e 7 >HHa 
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ydi ree arfea are fee area a euret e 7 ae ee 
feere afee 7 a i akaa yen fee areate 7 e refee- 
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a kfee fere ea 7 e fearer e are are ereaat, 
neat, tare a feet reretre e 7 et arfea fee 
eaerer ufee 7 i yn ee e uretea a arfea eaa 7 uurt 
afe erfae a i ereea 7 e uaa fee Herefe-re wa, 
a 7 . anreea, h. anuecra, or. fire, hh gea areat, 
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refefae a areataor fefee 7 a eaar are fee aai 
a 7 ^ ete 7 aere 7 erere fee ‘H^eH-fHaaa , ; 
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aaa aa i 

e-.y.-ft. h 7 . a. (ae i) 

3 T fHW WoT : re fa fee faa re eret eaa 
e reatar ua i fea re ad'fed are tee aa 1 1970 
fee 7 e etta fee fe?t et faieat 47,000,000 a ?tr 
at frnj 7 fee aaratea 2,700,000 re. faat ea 
yatt it ^ar fee afee Ha 1 atke tet tee 
ea HHerar retea 7 ea afat frere ^fe fea re ta 
re fee a T frea T f ea tae, araarer ea efea 7 
yen e §a fafW 1 fee re at aa 1 uare# atre 



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eret ea uakt eaafar, feet, wtretHH irfeete 
ttra frete ea rewt freafear fee ?t afee aa 

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fee eane^e ea ref^atarae a uan araa e 
uee afla 7 1 fee e efaereaar ee eatefet, a 7 ^ 
ea f% urat et tfaea 7 are e 7 free aa 1 

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a fee fee nteat araafe - , efaat efea ea rea 
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garefe 7 ea ana 7 are ae rear et yntt eae aa 
fog e 7 refoa ehfet ta e we a aa ae 7 a 
feeaara are a uftre 7 a 7 fHe traa 0 "d ea, ee 
urea ea uee re 7 a are eta 7 1 

eue-yaet tete 7 fee reaat nfeerea a 
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reaa fee earare et erne a uftre 7 fneret aa a 
feg et eaa ea aar reat ae aat 1 

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fat fee afae aa ea fea uf feu aa 1 et ear a 
‘aeat arfre’ araite ear g 19 ?t ea 20 wf ne 
fee earae ee ere e rear 7 fee en araa eat e ar 
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aa 1 areat arfre ea at ee 7 e atre re-re ere- 
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ey.-^ta. ft. h 7 . 11 : 529; tta. wf. 26 : 251 

cFfHTir Hd : fee aaiat e 7 uere area 

ere a arfee reae aa fere are a 1 fecg et kfue' 
63 e earare ret reet a 1 feg ete 7 gafete 7 Here 
fee nreua etate 7 arete 7 aa ea fea 7 et ue 

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uareaH 7 et a ^ 7 aftat efet ai feg na 7 e 7 efrea? 
tfeeere rafet reaiat efe- e ureuare fee refee 
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fena e 7 arefee et areat eaa ere aara 
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fee eet afet reat e ee et re frej 7 a rere arfre 
uee fee uereaa 7 reae areat e 7 urea ofta 7 ! fe^ 
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fee ufe ree aai feee utu areat ea farere e 
eeHeaare ai 




357 



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nfepp"i toto fUro to t?y £ htouto pitohu 1 " froro of 

fepPH fTOTOI feoT feHdHf TOPP^fe^ TOTUTOTTOUHTO" 
nfeppi hto to to fen toh fePHfef pfef hhtto htoi 
tohvfhto 1 to toto 1 ttoh rororou n i for £ uhtotot nrot to 

TOPP TOTH TOf TPfePP TOTO fr I PPTOTOfe feTO for Hf 
HH3TOUHTO M^g HTO TOTO TOT I fey" TO TOTK 
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feTO nfepp i fety rofpp" htototo 1 ‘feroy uhuh’ fTOTO 
ufelPP TPTOfpP" TOT I ‘fTOTOTO UHUH’ TO 4000 UTO 1 " fTOTO 
1000 UTO fey TO TOT I fey- TOf ^ITHTTO Hftjf TOTO TOf 
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feH HH TOf TOTO d TO*' ?TOTO §WTO TOHTO HTT I fey" TO 

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TOTI 

fey >HMTO'd' TO HHfet fey 'TO'" £ TOHTOUH<T |TO 
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H.y.-fH. fro.H. 5 : 309 

Fora - : HHHfTO 1 ", OrofeTfeH 1 " TOTO TOHtHfro 1 " TO 1 " 
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Hfefro TOcTffh yro hu froro Mm fro 1 " froro hhto £ 

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H.y.-fff fro.f. 5 : 315 

H r CT T H T , oj'd'yl : TOTOHT TO for TOTOTOoTH TO 1 " 

TOTOH 13 TOHHH, .1871 £ d'dy'M'Hl fTOU HfeTO 1 "! 

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H'd dldl fd'c't-n’ c5'7i> feTT HoT (5'76 ijdlM'' U'dlHo! 
dtdk S’ H3 3 Uf?33 K773 3SI fM^d'ddl 3tW fed 
f3S did 1 f3S %ST <^dd 3y<±' , d'd TTH” 33T3 T 3 T 333 1 
M3 fW 3t 3t fe5T M333 M3 333 SH fedTK ?3 
UTT 5ra?3 3 1 feFS M3 STOW ?7T fe?3l' 3t Hf3H T 3 1 
dl'fy* offe’’ WW 3 1 ftS ^ UMfeST 3)333 33 31 
Hdl'3'3 S MUS 3 HT^S H3 33 r 3 M3 fer fes ^ 
U3b>f- 33W 33T 3 1 3dW ScT fen f3S fe^ - 3t M3 
Mnfe 3tT 3 *333 ?fet fe U^ fe3 HK 75Et tdfei 
iffes fe33S Tfet tsfefMi- S33 3S I US’ 1885 fed 
d'ddl TO# PnGd'lrtl 3 d^oiH^d 33 33 <6 'Hie 1 : 
Hf effet gfet I 

MWfet - 22,632 (1991) 

22°53 / O’, 'feu'.; 88°2' U.33, 

3.y.-fku. 3T. ffe. 23 : 249 

3fe?j' fmif : ferfet 3 for mxfm fetW's mi? 

StfS 3 T 3753 fife 6T753 S33, 3ffeffe fa’TS' 

133753 (33 U'folHd 1 *) f%3 8 .dd^dl, 1922 S 3 
fcSU'cS’ feUf 3 M3 3feM T l for S 33^ T 75', 7333 f 
Mf3333 3 felfeM 1- U3J3 offet | Ifefef 3 Mdlfeff ffet 
M3. 3. o(dc5 ^333 fe3 S ‘Guru Nanak As a Poet’ t 
f%3 §3 fefm fey ^ Ut-.M3.^I. 3f fedldf UOG 
ofeff I cf3 33 UfP3 f>T?75’ Hdddd, ffefe fe3 dfed 
fife fel 3 T 33T^tM r 5P733 sdl-^'d 1 f%3 MftjMnjoT 753 
few I fe3 ^3f 33 0375TF f%3 U^3 ^U33 fe3 ? 
3f 313 % Hfejg MfUMS fe?3T, Ifefef gsfedfefe 
llfew 3 3tff 3 33 fe3 333333S 33 7T33 3(3" 

SS 33S fHM S U33, fw U33, 03) 

MfUMS, 3333 3^33, U3fet U33S 33 opfets 7 
M'yfecT Hfer? > H T f3 MW 3 33 K333 Sfe 7 

7375 7375 ifffeoT M3 MfW333 S3 fe f?53 US I fe> 
3t Uftfet UH3oT £ 33T3t 3 513731 ’ 3f I fe3 3tW U3 
HffeoT ddSfe ffe3 HU3 3 Mfe3, S3 3 U3, 333 7 
333, 733 fSUFS, 3HH3 33US (3fesf), 313 3P 
Hfejg & H'fddd fefdU'P, 333 UT3 |3 3 33, ferg 




359 



3331# 



H'fd3 3 H r fd3cl'd, 33 30H77 dlt^O, 773751 33 UfO 
(3t377t) Wfe SFHW 377 1 few 3 fZWW fell 3 310377 
>83 otcl 7 H T ftJ3 f%3 3FP3t Hd'^d 1 §3, 013 773751 
HTOt USPH, WTOT, 33TO >H T f3 dd* 1 ^' UFTOt 
Hrfa? 3 l33frT I 

30 -H<S<^dl , 1981 St. # fTO fed3cV §t H3 O 

dlfcfl I 

CT.U.— U.3. HW-Wte-HFl, 75; U, IT. 3 

>83 U 

: feo at Ufd3 (Self propelled) >83 
U^t 373 333 337t fiWTte 3 fRTT fe3 fa f3F?3351 
HHOlot OOt TOt 01 fed - fedl'dcSH 7 TOt 01 far f33 
51§t 3513T 3 Mdd 33 33 fddd f# UfOft f33 feH 3t 
feH 7 , 337 >83 dlfdd'Ot 3 fc5M303 f%3 333 33 1 H77 
1805 fe3 3333 3333 (Robert Fulton) 3 T H 3 f 33 
8?3133 3 H ?? 31373 feH3 7 U33T Htl §H3 
TO83 d'dUt# fe3 birtof' dd'oili-lcSd HTF3 *83 
Ofd^ddcS o(] d 3T3 33 1 >8tT 3t d'dUlsl >83 H377t 
33Utt f#3 fe77377 Ot HH373 7 ?7dt 01 >83 3t 
3 T 3lit# 1864 at. fe3 3T333 ^'dldd# 3>H T 3 r oft? 
3T3 333fe>8 7 O 7 fife 7 3 1 far 3 T 3tit# §t HWt (21 
|3) 670 K. Ht., W (21 1§3) 53 K. hT. >83 W 
7731331' 1364 fettdMF TO 7 3 1 far fe3 40 3^ IF33 
§t H513t 7733 333 WE 3 few^d 7 felTO TO 7 
31 



d'ddt# 

for f%3 (33 33) 15 f3. 3T 7 . .33 H 7 feHTOcl 
3 T 33 dfdOf 7 33 1 3 1 U'dfl f#3 feH 3 fdH dlfed'dl 
§3 ofW TTfe 7 3 fed §H dlfoofet §3 dt Hfod 
3fTOtdl3d 7 H?737<!cld'§<£ ftl# W §H 3 §t 
103 333 HVT fed feHTO 3331' 3 1 d'ddt# ^833 U3 'd 
St^f 7 odlof 7 331 H'dlol 7 d 'deft# 333 f%3 fS3 7333 
TOlW 33 >83 fetfe dt^f 7 ddd3' 3t fe# fedt>>F 
TOfef 7 331 HM3dt 33 3 7 fe3 i-ld'tH 33 tid'd §3 
for 38P3 7 0H77 7 33 833' 3 1 >8333 333 §t Hcfet £ 
W 3tf3 OWl# 3 felHH 7 3t TOt 3, feel 370 7737 
333 337t >83 3§t fedTOt U33I WHZ U33 33# 
llfet fed 25-45 733 3l WE 7EE (4000 3 10000 
313) 3680 Ht. 3 9200 Ht. 33 3 1- H33t 3 >83 f§3 



fUFEt 3 T 3tilS' 3 dd'd 3 33 733 dold'Qe f?Ft'3 r 3l' 
31 fyd^yl #3 3 T 3til3 33 W1S #3 73^ §^1 
UJT3 TOt 3 1 8 'o(l PsHHd 1 ^' dd 1 3 T 3til# f%3 HH T ?j' 
077 I WS #3 3 T 3lif# 3 33 H3 33T 077 :- 

1 . §Ud«' fOH 7 (War or Exercise head) — fe3 
33Utt W 0T3 ni^TO W fOTF 3, f3H f%3 f3 750T30T 
8TO 7 3?7 f3FTl33 Oftf^f 7 TO 7 3 1 

2. 813T3 7 fOTT (Fore body) — fe3 fTOF H330 
>83 bfot'd fTO' §U03 fOH - 33T 3t TO 7 3 1 feo f33 
f%H333 §t Ef 7 3 O'dl sTdof 7 TO 7 3 1 fen 3 ^3 ^3 3 
§3331 TO 077 I fe3 03 7 3W >83 fe3 H3377 33T I 
fecy Gd 1 fotlTbl 7 §" fe3 33 3 33 773t odd 1 iT 7 
H33 7 103 T 3 T 77 7 fOTF 8dd Ot Httdd Sd'fe'Jf FTO 1 
3 ftTJT fed fcT 33t 3ddl fH3 14545 forff OFK 
(32000 33) 35T 33>>8 0# H§ I H3753 33T fed - 
dlfdd'sl 13P83 (depth gear), OcT 3373 (stop valve) 
333oT3t 3373 (charging valve), 3373 >83 377 
tdlof 7 0377 7 dflof 7 077 1 

3. H1377 7 >80T (After-body) — f§3 f%3 fTO3 
3 7 77 7 3K0 7 >83 §337 330 3 UHtf 331 TO 0771 
fdt-ie cfHO fe3 rt 1 fed (gyro) >83 H3>8f001 3 U03 TO 
0771 

4. ftlSW 7 ftlO 7 (Tail) — f§3 fe3 3333 33 
U3770 >83 f3rT3 fe3 373 3 3 T 00 333 TTHt fecPH 

8P13 03 077 1 

3 T 03tt 3 3773 3 
3f073 foT 7 3t# 3t 
3003 TOt O I 

1) HO 1 feof 7 3 

3773 Hofdl (auxilliaris) 
77§t >8 ! fe7Tt377 >83 

33 r § 3§3 33^ 03 7 I 

2) 03 7 3 010K TO 
3 3f077 7 33 fOTT 7 TO 

>83 >8femltT77 7PE fH773 HTO TTHt feAdd <33 
TOTOI 

3) fOtTO >83 yoftPX 7 77§t 3771 

4) fHTO £ EW 51077 77§t 3#t I 

5) 3331# £ 377 T §3 >83 337 £ OTO 77§t 
3373 03 077 3 7 3 33111# §t 337 fe# f§0t TOt 
031 

6) f770f33 0H3 3 3 T 03t# £ 30TO 3 OTO 
77§t H’fed (gyro) >83 

7) 3 T 0Ul# £ 8fTTOt feHfeld dlfdd'«T§3 0TO 
TTOt OlfOOfet f01>80 03 077 1 





UrUUt#" HsTtm" 



360 




3 wilt fe Hcrfe fenws" 

feH fe difel US" feulm" dl W Hddl US : — 

1. UU" USUl# §" Urfeu UUS 7 USS 

usu ^fufefeu 7 !h 

feus 5WU feu H"feu USU §" fame 7 uufe 
USt UU 7 fefe fefe U fUH" SS UU 7 U 1 " Unfe us 

feu T ui fen life uyQ ust UU" u 1 " fumu 7 fufe feu 7 

USUUU feu feU 7 " U H-fU HUt fUH 7 HSU" >HU US 
fetm hus 7 " feu u 7 u §f feu uufe infes 7 u i unit 
mats HUS S SsT U fe UU UU cV rtlm feu fsUSU 7 
Ul feu SSt §" ufetsU UTSS SSt HfU ufe §" 
feuUHS fefes (injection fuel) 

SSt ufufe US I HSU" HOddd 
feu feu 7 u feu UU 7 ss 
fesu feu feuus usfeu 7 " Ul 

feu feUUS S fed UrffUH 7 " 
feu 7 " U >HU HSfet UIH UUS 
fUUT UmU 7 feus fe few'sfd 
feu ifeu uufe u feu feu #u 
fe HUUU feu mfeu 7 Ul feu 
STS fesuu feu uufe uu 
feu 7 Ul HSfet UIH fenus §" 
us uu u uu fe us feu 
mQ fel d dl feu uust SSt 
ufet uuu fsus feet Ul 
umitt US dldH u u uss 
SUlfet U >HU fefe UU HUfet 

UTS usul" ufufet u uu uu 

fU USS fe UU 7 " HUU rtdl U 

feutui 



dsJ 'd fe" mHtT UUS THU UU UtT UUT 7 ?US UH? 
UU UU t-ld'H Sfet feu UUU THU 7 UU 7 U fu Go d'dUt 
SS UUU sfeO' UHS 7 UU HU i feu sut feu uu 
uuut" us fern 7 u fe rnffeutm usul# Hsfetm s 

ffetfe SS ffemu 7 tfet fe UHS 7 ufe 7 rSHUI 

U.y— Hte". 26 : 705; >>|H fe 22 : 306; fu. fe. t 

5 : 346 

fefenits' Hfefer ; feu UTUUtfetstfet (Torp( 
dinidae) US, fetm feu-mTUt Hgtm US I UUU HUt 
UStm fes 7 HUtm U feu U SS feu H3 7 fefeST 
feui 7 U 7 uu 7 ui usulfe fetm ufet uruhr feu fe 



UTHlitt ul" feu 7 
urfesfeu ss fsfeuus yfet 
Ul feu H'fedHotU feus fe 
HUHffUUT SS HUfeSU UUt U I HSHfuur fuUS feu fe 
UH UUfet U HfU uuru (rudders) §" feu ufeu SS 

us'Ot" ufeu T utifeuu i rydH<5u"squ 7 feusfets 

feu Hf 7 rUS I UTUUtU" feu Hflfeu 7 " Ul" feu UUU UU 7 U 
fefU SS §U HfOfSt fUH 7 t feoT S fUHfTU 7 US UUS 
HU I 

feu UTUtftf" SEt §HUt US Hfeu UUl" U UU UUT 
HUU SUl" fUHfTU 7 US’ UStHf 7 UrUlitS Ul" US I 

HHUU feu UU UU UUST U UHS 7 UUS SUt 
UTUlife" HUU ut UUfeUST" ufwu Ul UTUVflt ut 
uriuufet §■ feu ufe fsuufuu srtu 7 feu 7 u fe feu 
mis ffers usuusr ss uuu 7 hu i uruult ufet 

UTSt H'd6 U fefU US UH'cc UU 7 U feH" SS UUST 
UUU sut fHU 7 HUT fes Ut" UUfeHf 7 feu feuu feU 7 
Ul 



■d'dUfe IjH 1 G1 fe feu Hgt 

feusfe Htur ufenr uts uufeH 7 feufer u uu ffe 

UU US I UTUlife" SylslTHS 7 (Torpedo nobiliana), S 
fe ufe feust UU 7 UUS ust feu HUT >M U, fUH" t 
safer 1 .8 Hfeu HfU US SUTUUT 91 fUSUFH UU 7 U 
feu THU-Hd'H'dld U US 7 fefUTH 7 (UfeutS 7 fe 
HUHfef 7 ) HfU HU-H'dld fe HUSSU UU fesfeiH 7 UU 
feU 72 HfeU (240. fU) fe feH fe fePHTU 7 fllffeT " 
ufeH 7 US I USUt# U 7 HfeU UUU 7 >HU UU 7 UU 7 U 

fenut ys" huu sfe yut u i feu h^Iut" htusT fes 
THSHS fe feust" UU 7 uuutnf 7 US I fes 7 HfeHF i 
Hfeu fe Gfeufe HfU usst HUT 7 feu UUUU 7 yfe U 
Guust h^ 7 feu us uuu yu 7 u i feu h^ht 200 ^ 

1600 USc UU feust UU 7 UU HUfeW US I fe 

feust u 7 huu mis mu s yu'Gu 1 fe feus i 
UTutfes uus 7 yu 7 ui usut# hhu mu ust uu 
uslm nfem" yfem usi ufem 7 usutf" nsfe 



361 



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faHrtl 5" cfed # WJ3 7 s( HO UM3 o(dO rtdl . 
UUdUlM 7 UU I f#?# HiStM 7 f#U feu fa d«Sl >K3T US' 
S’ ufejM 7 f<UU US' UcU Qcg feu feu MUT UH3U US' UU 
M3 MM# HU^H 3 feTUUT 7 fc(H UU Sd <? rtul UUt 

^■uthutSi 

U.U ,-#U. Wl. 10:86; wfe. >«S. 26:704/860; #U. fa. 
K r . 10 : 54 

5Wt?T : fed drtd lilrt ddl U 7 ^'HllSIrt M3 
h rt d: h! rt fed 1 ddtt U fan SI fefawd Ujrtd 1 (sp. grav- 
ity) 0.860 3 0.875 UUt Ul feu StU U UUU3 3 
umu uu uuu u 7 uSluu uu# yu r feM 7 3 7 U 7 ui feu 
St 'Sdd 1605 St. 3 HU uSt M3 1650 St. fed fed 
St feu UHU ^TTf HU - few I 

UWfe cPUHcSt ufeTU 7 U 7 fHHU3 U I MUU f#U 

fSu ur r dyuut ufaur uuutu u fan fSu Muuuulfacs 
St dU'cSd 1 uSt Ul >T8'Sfet«T UMUtU f#U UU 7 - 
UfetHU St UU'cSd' uSt U 3 dHSfefau HdU<V f#U 
3 T Udt?7 ^UUT 7 St UU 7 U I 

d'dStU S 375" St yyd ^dd UU (dddcS ■ ) M3 
^'dfelH MSS f#U UfSU ?3 o(l dl H'Sl Ul 45% S 
uutH3 T uuteu 7 33dH i fa<£ M3ti^ | yTM 7 M 7 fuf#u 
uufSM 7 ufa 7 ui fuMfet, hh M3 uSSfe mSu 
yu'Qu sut St feu St ?U3 utSt rSSt ui off u 

(Camphor) UUfautMUU (terpineol) M3 UU"fUU ufefeu 
(terpin hydrate) M#U S fuUUU f#U St UMUtcY St 

<^dd eftst H'Sl U I 

HIT UMUtU U 7 375- UfUSt UUT (tUU 7 fe#t St 
U3U), HUT 3#t St H3U ffet, HU M3 Sfe MSS §UU 
uSSu UU3 UUt St ^iUfdM 7 Ufa 7 U ! St# HM UUffet 
fSu St feuSt 3U3 oftSt iSSt u uu muu# umlfe 
guru uumIm 7 St ^u# uuu ufu ufet u i 

U.d.-MU. fe- H 7 . 12:68; fit. fe. U. 5:348; te.uu. 
14 : 182 



(f3^ ST^t) : feu f3H3 St HUfw St 



U#t U l~HH U HHVPU UU Sd'rt, f3U3 M3 H d I dl M 7 
f#U feuS U7T I feu afaSSU! 7 M^SfeSu^d 1 U 1 " HStiT 
MU U I MM fSH^'HMUHMfSUM^SfedH^d 1 S Uf 
3 UU ffeU MMt St H 3Ht3 §3 feui # feu St?T H3 



f3TM r St I Stff S iPUft fed dU 1 " dfeM 1- frTFT S 
d33 3 SSt 3T UcTH ufSM T I M^rtfedH^d' ¥3T 
d'd 1 USt rtec Q"d ddl dfe'X'^'rt M3 feddd 'O Ul 
fed FTHCdl M3 dHSt S HUU 3 hSu 1- St HUfUM 1- 



uuStuiHSu#Mu T u.fSu T S3JuStfSu|u T 7ttu T u 
fSu St HU3 UuSt U I fdfe dl W feH^H ufUUU 



ufSSu MU3 fSu fSu SSt U 1 " ?M T UU 1- Ul 



uu# uSSmt 3 ^ u 1 Htu 3 ^ St?rt HfuurSt S uu 
fSu M3 uut 3TUT ^UU# H fed 'St S UU fSu H"^ 
uSt St I HU3 3^ STfeddd 1 U 1 " uStoT U M3 fSu 
MU#fU3H’dd 1 ' S SrS UM U#t fSUMt TSSt U; fSH S 
UU fSu firiUMr ufUM 1 ' U 1 " ff5" UU 1 " U; fSH S HU 
fSu StSt mu IStrSt iSSt ui uS uS fSu S um S 
d feiM*" M3 UU 1 " SIm 1 " UUStM’" fSu St MU'" fSu T StM i ’ 
rSStM 1 ' U3 M3 fSu §■ £ H3 w umu’ feru" SF 
Ul ddl d'd 1 UUrtl Ufed'SI S UU fed UoUH USt 
HHUt rSSt Ul MM UU# fSu # H3 UM 7 33 iT r feM r 
WW U 3 WfifUdH^d' St ufeu 7 U M3 U^3 S 
3U3 3 t#t fStrSt 3Mt U I fSu S uu fSu St# UUT 

tU H3 ci^rt U3 7 U I 




1 8St uSt W ufeM 7 UU 7 W orSt U 7 uu 



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fSu utff S U3tu U3 f# SSt tSu U3 RU 7 S Su 
uSu UU UUSt ufuSt U I fdUdl rt'fefM 7 U U5 7 
'UTU 7 U Su Su 108 |U U3 UTU I f3U3 fSu HUU 7 U 
UfeM 7 fSu MUHU 21 Su SU fUHH StM 7 ‘urd 7 ’ 
fSU'SlM 7 UStM 7 U7T I fedl ’ d'd 1 #UU fed USt U I 

olrt 5<d 'Q<i UU fSu £ d 'd 1 ’ UHKU 7 # 333 
UU3 f5Ut fUUMt iSSt U I feff # GfeiU-SM 7 fUM 

U+U 7 U I JU3 uu fSu feu # fWu St SSt fejUM 1 ’ 

SfeM 7 Ufe 7 Ul Sts 3 UfUM 7 UU3 ^3 fu’# 
'i-l'dJW'UTIUMUfeTUI 

U.y.-#U. fe. H 7 . 9 : 820 

d r d' : feu HSuU 7 fH3 (Self-luminous) M3 
UTUK U1U St d^H'dd ' rt'rt sfdUU fed '<6 , Udlrtl ftfe 
Ul feu U 7 feut dJdd'UdHd feu U U? - # Udl6d 
UUU 7 #! 



f3U3 U Ufa# UUt UUUM HUT-U3UMUTM-U 
StM 7 St?# M3 UU## ^UUtM 7 # U^SSt S U |U 



uuuu 3 SUM 7 u ngu fur# # smmuf ufau 
U7T, MFU # Su Su W fSu SuS U77 1 UU M T U T U 




Ora 7 



362 



S 88 Ora 7 H3ST fSO SOS fe7 OS 7 HOS+ O 77*- OU 

ora tjcT i orat ^fera- rassra hu, fey raTfo ?r uolso 

077 I HU ofef OHSfS Ofe O 7 77*" raSF-HOfO 

ofera 7 ferra 7 or i ss ora rafo Ud'fed os o sras 

Iffes OS >HO OrafeoS 7 O OS'S 3 fw St Ofef 7F 
Hone 077, fiTS 75SUS (Siriuls), ddJ«H (Regulus), 
ffeOO 7 (Spica) raftfe I 

orar-stuotra 7 — soft >HU 77S HU? O §0" OFT 
feraFS 7 OHodfi rao SS UTO OHcfftft ffeufef fOtT 077 I 

fe7 of oof 3 rao sir os tow rasf oftora 7 g ofet 
otuotra 7 f^ so so ^ ora f^ etuot o ora 
e Hsrasfse yos soot otuot ss ora ot shs 

2.512 OT^ 1 " fhPHra 1 " Otft OI feS - fe[H StUOf 3 HOT 
fSS HOiT ot OtUOf-26.72, SOOH 7 ot -12.5 rao 

«,yas ora et efuof -1.5 o 1 soft >w ?ts rant ssf 
otuot osr o 00 whw 0 7 rao TFfo usnra 
yysss 7 et 100 fes fs>>FS st uo'Sddt gouts 
(sootfs cos st hf 3 fsiFS) sra rant 23 stuot 
33 3 ora su hss ra 1 

stusft s 7 hots — stuot hos s 7 raos o ora 
s Uoth st otsd 3 r s 7 hott 7 ! ufos 7 feo so fsife 
usra s fostoo 7 st ho fed 7 sra rau 7 orat sto 7 
tfs 7 st rao os feu sh o2di r o1 st ho 1 ' fed 1 sra 
cffd 7 rira ROT U I ftIHdl sfedtra 7 Uts rao 00 OUT, 
SOOFSt tfeUdlra 7 OUT O' US'S S HOS 077 1 UO 
ora Set OOF S 7 USW SOS 077, fes ?5St oftoUF 
sfef 7 Stuotra 7 UO 1- 0077 SUt fsfdS OOF sfef 
HSHcSHts USU 7 OUFO r UfO SdOHUd' (filters) O' 
tUSOT 77ra t?T S USS St dlddO 1 " HOt rFOt 01 
SddFOt (77tW) UfO feHOt (Ufe) OfeotuF O' UfOO S' 
ddO- HOd (colour index) dfJd 077 1 feH S'W d'PdW 
O 1- OFT HftUHF rFO 1- 01 Otuot UO 1 " 30S ot Ui'UfSo/ 
f^lft UoFF fed«fe1 SOKfeot 01 OftfOfttF 3 Hlft 
fOTUFS sra d'fdFF tfloF OOftrF ura HOO H 'd dfejof 
ud'dti' s^ T ^^Hd l 'feo r firaol'oi 

fsOUU tftUO (Absolute magnitude) — Hdd H'd 

oftouF o 1- ranra 1 - irara hoo - fepHra 1 " go 1- o uo hoo 

fePHra 1- oot ^UO cTO^'§S + 3t ffeHOt OftlO HOO" 

'fepHra 1- foirat oi nrra oftouft s nnra oot o hs ^ 
fTOhft otuotuft §■ fsOUU otUOtuF feOF rFe 1 ” 01 
o^o ras ora ot feHoP ofeot rao ora ot ooP w 
uo 1- o^ - OtT wft feouu otuot ora Traor oo i hott ot 
fsouu etuot + 4-7 01 

HUUt OOt (Relative luminosity) — IdHl d'd tft 
FOFT sra mfeft 0H7ft S mfeft oot Trfoo 077, fetTT SFO 
OftOUF 3 UFJO" 33 Odd r O 1- UfflJUt77 oflO T rftra' 

oi for sra frratuF ofoor Hfeofeft 3 rafuras' f^o - 
Ho r feo T ftraraP o 1 



d'fddF *ft Frfy>>F — nra - urcnr f%o fej 1 " fora 

feoot ftroo tft ho ' fed 1 3 nod ura ora ferra os 1 

feF SOf fcraot 7700 OU rF Hdct oftouft Ot 

foraot Rdiddi 6,500 o, 3 uft# otusf os 3 ora 

OS I ufo OHoftS OftOFF otftfw 00 St SO tFOt O 
fo(GTo( ^O JFS 7700 770f FF§ra I FFSOT OIOF f%S HS 
3 fWS OOOOFf OFFO 1- S# OftOUF of HfUUF 

750100! 1 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,00 ,000 (fes UOU) O I ■ 

d 1 fd'H 1 ’ ot OTOfuF (Stellar motions) — Ora Ot 

?raofer orot uro fera uo 1 " sos ?rat uoft fsot 
or of s 3 oraft fso toftoftifer W3\ feraf ef 
fesF fera rao ooof fen o 1 so fora 1 " fso i foHfef qso 
^ uo so fesF oraf o sot hfi §" ora ot fsraf orat 

(proper motion) sfos OS I oftOFF sft>F fSTft OTOft>F 
HOO" Of UfO OFfUF OS I 3 T UO 1 - SOS SOf HOO" 

yora oftouft s tooFO 1- of ostt 1- so?ft uraf oi s 
ora TFS SS OS, Go dd^dol oftouft S HUUt Uiof fug- 
OO H'd OS I fera Of y dd Of fdH 1 fSO d'd 1 dldl S 
OStufS ^dl (Radial velocity) SfOS OS I fsOTTOTO SOT 
sras 750f upff HUSgOFO Of HO 1 fed 1 W3 0+1 
HUSgvft OtFS' 3 T rsHM'US (shift) S ddl'HS SOT 

s > Hsgr>r rasiFot go 1- oi ooTTras s §fsfsn 

(ophiucus) d'd'HOS 3 fes OTTSf ofuot S d'd S HS 
3 fSTFS O, Of fSFft OTOf 10-3" UfS 5FS SOf O I fSfft 
dldl 3 T fOTUFS Ora 7 UFF S FfftjUTS fSS HOftOS d'd 1 

o rao fes o 1 feo sf sra trfef o 7 fs fsrara 7 fsiftf 
didl s ora H'd ssots OS I 

oftora 7 3\ oofra 7 - o T fora 7 sfra 7 gofra 7 us 1 
sos sot foss feroof tssfuft 3 r usot sfo 7 tfo 7 o i 
FFS SS 3 SS O 7 ora 7 sf fe77f gftf fuO O fs SSO 
rarftfug^sfsrarasrararairasfHsfra 7 ^ § 
sufe o 7 fo jffoo uoofo- oooftra 7 , raoura ora o 1 
SOS (parallax) frlSO of FFtS 7 O I feo SOf oftora 7 O 
S5S O 7 UO 7 SOS 750t TFS SS ra'U'd Sf fid USf 0 
rao fUHSf S US (orbit) S raiff raFFO H7TO 0 7 1 Hc<d 

fssf ora of fos 7 3 fes feohra o s nofs srare 
gsra 7 ts o 7 fsohra sfo 7 tfs oo h’s fussf o ue 
% fsrara 3 T rarara fes tfo 7 oi fes og 1- 3 fsofuo 
c^ras proofs o ora go fora 7 o 7 lora 7 o nsras 9^ 
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1 " os oo t^ fessf o fessf o us o oofrara o 

2,06,265 OJO 7 OOf O go 7 O I fes gdl S fed U'dHo 

sfoo os i U'dHd of hI«' ffera gof ttotoo 

1,92,00,00,00,00,000 OOf OI gof.HFTS jfet USTF 
Sf 7 (light year) fesfet O 7 U^OT OO 7 O rao fes IFOHE 
Tidlddl 3.26 USST sf O TFFS OI fO^S feofe 

fsstra 7 cS'M ffras so o oftora 7 ofra 7 oofra 7 of uo 
sfofra 7 TFofra 7 os i go o orfora 7 ofra 7 gofra 7 hfjo 
sot so oo fssfra 7 soofra 7 ofeffra 7 os i 




siuM 7 s 7 '€ddftuus - stIum 7 s 7 =uuuftuus 

ofet Sf 7 77K UtS 7 fUTM 7 U, frfS 7 fes US fSHS 
feds US : (1) USS 7 MS MS'ddld (based on size) 
^ddftc7y<*7; (2) MursutaF stM 7 ushTsu is^r 
(spiral arms) MS ofddd (nucleus) fed GuhHU d'd ; 
(3) STfUM 7 S 7 HSUUHt UUUTtuuS; (4) UUS S s?US 
ujdct S' UUS d 1 fdM 7 s 7 ^ddilctdcS-tiW d'd (Vari- 
able Stars); (5) IFF (clusters) fed SU; (6) 

SUU (double) MS HUHfUMU (multiple) d'd M' Id I 
fe?F iiUHltUUS 7 S 7 MOIST HU3U U MS fey 7 3 HS 
sfevF S feHHHd fes MS HUfeS 7 fHHSt FI fes 7 
^rdftoUS' St WU faut H'SU'Ut fSHS fUMS U ;- 

1. UUS 7 M3M'o('ddld '^ddllbldS — HOT" FFS 7 
cSUSM SU 7 U MS HUS SlUM 7 S 33 S MfUMS 3 
US 1 " HUTS 7 U fu fey HS S 7 HSH feoT HH UfeM 7 I fUU 
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S Ktf MU^TH o ! fdd USI HdtH fHH MU$TH fes 
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ms ms ssr wis uu ss 7 st h t 3u t fes huh shut 
us us i rfy Ms$m s sum 3" fos^ s^um^ s t? uu 

Ktf SHUT US : SHFS (gaints) MS HUT (dwarfs) SU I 
3 T S? SU Ut f3S UUU S US : SU^S, MfdS 7 ?) <d 
(super gaints) MS t^SSS (subgiants) I MfsSSS 
SU MUU fes HUS feW'W US US I GS'dUS S SU 
3 ModdltH (Antares) MfSHSU d'd 1 U fHH S 1- feMU 
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SfeUM 7 fes Hfe 7 feUTH# S 7 feMur gus Sfe 170 
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9-| HS S T fW sN 7 # SS fSHH 7 US HS, fu HS, 
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HFTHUSU'UI 

2. f 3 Ml S' 1 d fS 7 ^ MS ol'ddof' S STU - H^ 

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M T cFH UIUF M T US MFf fus Ut feoT f%HU (universe) 
u, fsH s 7 wu tssss ui fey 7 sIum 7 s s hu 
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fS 7 ^ 7 fw fkss US MS Hfet MMFH UIUF S SSU5T 
s iusster ufe sfe us i ufus ?uut s ss nfe hus s 

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hus Ism's 7 h t su t fus usl^ u bjs ffer sts uur s 

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3. H^forUHt UUUTferUS - S^STM 7- St SU' HSU 7 

•v •» 

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SS USI SiUM 7 fus H3S UStM 7 oPStM 7 MS 
SHoitHtM 7 . UtFU 7 S 7 fUM 7 S UoPH SSS US' MSM 7 S 
SS S^M 7 fufeS MUHH'U 7 S HUTU SUStM 7 US I 

O HtfHTUHj- SU - fej MfefefefeS ufefeTH US' 
d'd US I fes 7 S HUSUH 7 fUS M'slrtlf^d JIhImH 
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StM 7 UTFU 7 USS UStM 7 US I HS6TU>fl' S SrfeM 7 St 
HfefM 7 H S fSMS 7 ?fe f U fiFf fUS fSMS 7 S 
HUTtM 7 MH 7 7FH pfet SU HofS I 

B HCforUH) SU — feu ©SMI* uMmh US 
aufeissl S SU USI fes 7 S 7 SS ufefMH s 
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fUSM'dlcSlf^ld M'UmltFcS UtPU 7 ^ITHHS UStM 7 US I 
B s SU SHU 7ftu SS S SrfUM 7 fUS UfetMH MS 
MSlHlf^ d MSSlSS UMU 7 ufe SStbF US I 

A FRlforUVfl- SU - feU UfeldSS ITHtT SU USI 
fey 7 S 7 Hgst SS B HSoTUHt S 7 !^! 7 TFS HUS MU 
US 7 U I fey 7 sf HftfM 7 HUS U I 

F mfofUHt SU - §H sfsjfe fey 7 §■ tsutMH 
SU UfUS HS I fey 7 S 7 H^ut- SS 8,000° S H s 
6,000 S. SU US 7 USA HUoTUHt S 7 !^ 7 7FH 1 HUS 
MUU3 T UI 

G mfoTUHt SU - feu HUS st gst S HUTUUT 
13000 SU USI fey" S HUSUH fuur Mfelstfets 
0 (HHlMH StM 7 UtFU 7 HH GsfdlM 7 ufustM 7 US I fe<y 
S 7 HSUt' SSHS 6,000° SHU 4000° H. SU U I 

K HlfUUHt SU - fey 7 S 7 H^Et- SSHS 
5 ,000° S H U 3 ,500° H. SU US 7 U I llfUH 7 feu HUTT 
UHU 3 7 fUM 7 S S 7 ?FH UfFH HS I 

M HlfUUHl' d'd — dldcdl MH Gufefe SU I fedj ' 
S 7 H^Uj- SS 3 ,500° SHU 2,000° H. SU U I 

S HFUUHtSU — fey 7 feU wdlddl HUSHSU 
S S HSU TFfe bfGs I 

R-N 3U - fey S 7 H^ut SS 3,000° S H U 
5,000° K. ^U Ul feu HUS MU fUTSSt S UU? MS 
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4 . UH SU — SH d'd MfSU SU US fsy tfe 
SSt UlUSt UUSt Ufust Ul HUT3UT 20,000 SH SU 
MfSU US fes 7 S fscrfes UU ?FH fsutHS oTI d S 7 
HUS US I USt SH d'd dTfuSUUt SUM SU (eclipsing 
binaries) US US fSS 7 fes HSt UfUS S 7 UUS feu 
d'd SM'd r SS d'd S 7 UTtUS US 7 U I HtfecTHtH (pul- 




3d 7 



364 



sating) vfe>, tfe> (exploding) M3 - dd tdtt 

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a — 

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ddf MH'U'd7> fU 733 fel fedt dl dd for 33 feH 
7F33 fed dfdd" 3 HPM3 fed" M3jfe dfdfe nfydl 
fed M 7 fed dJ77, fefe £ dd3 W (Nova) dfdd dd 1 
ffej# dfe feH§3 3 3M3 Hdd dt MH'U'dd 3dT 7P3 
dHdtd d fed dd fife £ MfdA^dd' (Supernova) 
o(fdt! dd I fed d'd HdiH <Vtf> 3d 7 dl<i 1 ffen'd IJoCH 
S3? ddl 

5. 3d 7 *& - 33 £ ofet ?fet WF fed 33 

Utlrt UcPH dfe fet fed fddfet fdd dd ft-l<y fed 

fdd dfe feM 7 dHfM 1 " fHddtM 7 dd : dd 7 §3 (Star 

clusters), feddjodfe (nebulae) M3 M'cPh dldl'd' I 

fed'depyi ^cffetM 7 " dlfe 7P3 M3 MToPF dldPfe 

H33d dd^UdfetM 7 7P3 HddtM 7 dd I 3 7 fdM t 3 
— *\ 

fd 3 UcPd 3 dd feeT 3 M'oCHdldldl HH33 fed 
fH33 dd M3 felfe fed 3 T feM t fe few fed dfe d I 

<J — 

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6. 3dd HdHfeMdT 33 — fdM 1 3 T 3d 33 3dd 

ife HUHftjMd (Hd3 33 ffedfet" 33 ^3T 3 ife fd 33) 
d3 dcfe felfe fw 3 T fdM t 3 1 " Mnfet" tdt HW 77dt 

— <J 

dd 7 ", Ud fed Hd3 7733fe" d3 3d3 H3t fedfe dd 1 " 
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fed feHfed dd M3T3 3 Md fed MH3 d?7, 33 1 "- 
UjdlH ddfd d?7 I 

fed f33 UoT3 3 dd d?7 : ftdHdldld (Visual), 
d[fo<£o( 'el (eclipsing) M3 Htfe^Kt" I d[foeoodl ydlrf- 
SrfeM 1 " 3 1 " Ud Hfei" f<H4ldtT 3t fed" fed fed 
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fed 7 d 1 fdM 1 " £ FTUddVfl" ydlH" - d 'd fed 1 " H fe 7 d I 

didM 7 " 3 M3T3 — 3 7 fdM + 3 M3P3 fed 
fedtM 7 " ddy Wt fed dd : ( 1 ) fdddd fed3t M3 331 
733", (2) dlfdicCdl gdlK-3 7 feM 1 ' 3 dlfdio('3 733 



M3 (3) feddtdvffed (interferometer) 33 1 ufedt fedt 
U3d 3 fdHrtfeftrd 53d fdd Mdl'fdd dl 

f3Hdfel3 fedUd dfefel" = 2 o-^ 0 ~ 5 logr-0-0 

fed r 33 d 7 MdtJ feM 7 ?? dl dTfeM 7 3 feMTT 3 
M3T3 3 dt fcf 3 ddfe" M3 H3 73 ife dd I 

d^HPHd 7 (mass) M3 M33 7 — dTfeM 7 fe 3? 
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ddd 733 3313 dfe d I 3333333 fe H 0 1 Id d 1 733 
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3?H 1 d d 1 3 3Hfe fdH 3 Md M3 HdrT 3 33 3J3 1 <^U 
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fe Uf33 T 3d3 ufe M3 33 STfdM 7 fe M33 7 3d3 
ffej-Pd 7 dfe dl McSddfe ?dfe feT3 33 d 7 feMdl 
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33fe 3 7 U3 7 d" — 33fe ddPPd U3 7 ofdd 3 Hdl 

0 0 

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dfl^P" d 7 - dldM 7 3 3 

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3 fefeMH dd 7 d I fdlMPd d H 1 fefeof 33 1 " ffefe 6 1 3d 
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d 7 ? 7 g>i33 fd3y« fed fed 7 Tlfe d I 

didM 1 " d 7 H3 33 - drfdM 1 " 3 .y3 33 1 " Z 
HUfe^fe fepfe 3 MftlMd 773 3 7 feM 7 dfe 7 d I MHTS 
dTfeM 7 ffed HdTsTdT 70% dfeftdd, 28% fefeMH 
1 .5% SPddd, 77fefedd, Mfefedd M3 TfetPd Me 
0 .5% 3J yddl 3 M3 dd fefe 33 dd dd I 

drfdM 7 d 7 feodd - 3 7 fdM 7 d 7 d?iH d^dM 7 3 
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•s — 

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feddoT uffefM 7 Mfe3 d d3fe d I fed 733 fed ddH 
3 334 f gfed ^ U3 dd M3 Hfe dfe d^fefe 3 d 
f%3 fdfed 3df3 dd I 




365 



SF 7 feuf ?>U3H, USS 



u 7 utFs - s 7 ^ 7 ^ u utFS u 7 ff 

ft U USPHHUt fetFS F U I fen U 5 PH U 7 WUufePt 

ut ufettrss u 7 sf^ u, fan u <s'e<joT ufsfeffeH 7 

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uu us, feu mi? u 1 yl <-H?i u uff 5 wf itr 

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ft ut ufepiop^ io 6 its u tfdrsdr u nrs gus 

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U 7 fefeS cPS SdTSUI IO 10 TPS Ul 

feUTS St W Iff UT Sfe 7 HUTS U tu S 
H'SS Ut TPFt fug 7 HUS UUSt Ul fetUPUPTF febPH 
fet FUSTPS UUTSt feu TPS W U tfe UUtfe SUUdTft 
TPS SF’-feHF U fefeTPPF SU 7 3F UUU 7 Hfeuft I 

U.U.-fe. ft.f . 5 : 358 

Hfe 7 ftTUf (HtF ftw) : HS U HUS feu 

HddldH fdH 1 «<i F'tt feH H Jit! U 7 H6K 1900 Ht. 
feu sutu fas (us irfans s feur) u feuu 7 fuF feu 
H. US feur U UTfU feu Jfe»TIH. US feur Udfe'St 
uuu 7 nt uu fenfe gsu su 7 feur £ us huu feu 

fUH 1 SS cPUS ffflFSF FU few fUTH 7 ! H <5 1925 
feu ff ? 7 fey feu 3HUU HUW UU feu £ HUfat 
gursFtsti 

UU.-g. fett. H 7 ? : 35 

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ut funs cuff rft Out fe feu uuut £ Hiy 7 uu hufu i 

SU feff F UUt HcU UfF feu £ fuius 7 UUU hsi sfet 
SfU 7 feur S Ft UHt FF UCfjt £ HMFfeS Ut fefes 
Utst UU feu S FHt UUFF S 7 effet I 

nruuupu sfet s 7 ^ ftfui urs feu u Frutur 7 £ 
uuut u w uiu feus Bfufe gus uu £ru fwfeur 
feu FU fusi feu Sf 7 Utfu»r ut FUF 7 US uvrfet 
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SUIU feu U 7 fust ufet I 



UUUt JUfug- urfe £ Out ofut F H .tut feFS 
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fur* 7 Ht i fear ut fuisst §ut 200 u srufe ut 1 feur 7 

£ Ffet S'd 1 feur tft Ut HfUTFfet US SUFt sufet 

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uuis eftst 1 su 7 feur u 7 Hutuuru trfuHui^t u ££ 
gfew ufew ui feu ut ututu f h 77 ^? fesus uut 

SUHF F H r dU'S CPUS SUU U HHti'd TfS fust U 
fufu £ feur £ Hts orus hus feu str hwtu 

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feu HU'UHT’ ufefeW SUUU few US HF H7UPS PUS 
feu 7 ! fen £ sfet U]H UU, fw - HHUH U 7 utor 




S 7 ? 7 feuf PTUFi-T 

( 1865 Ht.); HUSU FH ( 1866 ?t.); UFUHF feUSU HW 
( 1877 Et); WfeHUfF HUUHS (l 878 Et.); UlfFH 3 U 
UUUS ( 18785 t.); UH UfeUUT HfUS 7 ( 1879 Ut); UFU 
HHU 7 U 7 utdf 7 ( 1879 Ut); SUTF 7 Ut Hfet U 7 utdP 
(I 882 st.); uju stun Huifu (i 883 ut.); rtu 7 uru T utop 



366 



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tewa s of - t%F^s wf Fate wafefer hfif 1- ff 
55 FT UF FS I feF S 3TF ap FfejF fWF FFF 55 
USFFF §■ Kfear FFH 1 " f?F FFTO oftF 7 " FI feF S 

araatet tete f tea fte tetw §fk uFFte 
feytw as, fete fte aia sftot awi assist, aia 
wftf a^ar aFivWt, aia whhfft a^ aFiwtet, aia 

HFTFTT aFT ddcS'^St, aff WFS aFT ddcV<te, ajf 

fear ff'ff arar aFistet, fftf attear arar 
dFstet, aaiF ?FFte awr aFTrtet, wte te 
aF?Ftet wf sftf awr aF?Ftet tnna as i 



fen ft feate 6 FFta, 1988 fe ufewte M 

afewi 

wy.-utet ^ . arasw few 

few, HFTFF : UTTF F feF HFW 

fewfet ftea w f?ih tte aatws. feiw artetel 

/ « 

(uteFFsa) fte 24 te 1885 tafewafeFFrfoF 

FHFt atUtFF fes W ua^fet Ft I feF F 1 " utte 770 - 
7FSS FF Ft HTF fefe FaK FFS SFS F FWF 11 

H'rt Ft fena fte fea fw few ter tefew rna 
sar i feF s wntet test fteaw ante fife fte 

aars fetet wf wwf fter a T SF r fftf. wfKFFt 

J *> 

fte aw s few i iw snsF, affteFa f few? 

1907 fe. fte fe. F. »T7iaF SFT ITF cftet I WIF 
fteFWT ife OT feF S fteteSF 1 ' c5 T S' cfet FSHF 

ifUF fete i te f tea ffea Ites wf ate a 
Fiote aars safe aa ffesteF 1- f^ uaia 1 ^' fete 1 
fs 1908 ffea fea sfeasua f yaaa afet f§s f ai 
naraa fsgsF fete arfe i 

fs 1921 ffea fw worst sfaa aa afet, te 
ffeF fte S WQ Ff fe fate few WF SF te FF 5W 
fea HaFsyas stsa 1 ' fter faisr H'F sar uf i fe 
feaHte ajaFwa 1 tew teat fe tea ate aife ar 
ftefe s wste slaa fe waltete tea w fe fat 
few i fea Iff fhit tea ffes fetj afei Fferat ^ 
fete fete wfet wstet teste fet Fp aar^F sas i 
ff tefew few wf ftefe J tes tes fet fete sf i 
ftf afet i aiatws 7 ' wa, 1925 iff as f ww 
fete s hhf f fea 7 as tet ufsf fette afet te 

J ss 

fete S feF UFoTF S SSa 7 fete ! SF FH' WWF Fdof 

s fete s fete fff fea r sa fetei fs f w 

u sc 0 

wtefew te fete fe tens' afet waste Ft feafet s 
FfaF ga offei 1 fefe at Fp fete fe teute nfet h 
few stofettete Ft feafet ste FfaF if teat 
ufews 1 " fej ftea'FF Ft 1 rrna s irfews 7 f naa 
§■ fete te war war ws t iW wf fw 7 ft 
tesattes fe fter sas 7 few 1 

W 1920 F Waa ffeF feF S FfetVfS STHFS 

ffean sas ffea ya 7 fate few 1 fete fe ‘sftra fair 
ksf f fessra fette fteffer fw f 7 fefews i 
ssa ?ifaf te urrsaft wtet sfete pwa 7 ffewa fe 

few Ff, FW tet FS ffe feF sra fete 
FHF r fe ?w fteFTa sat after 1 ff 1 i93ote. f 
vtfff 7 ateft fe fews-fantet sfea asfet ter f 
fete fe uat Ffe fete few i terwa ffewfe few a 
wra f otf tern Ft aaa s fete fe aat Ff 7 
uateter ’>if fea fesFF 100 tea f ff Ft war 
safe aa ste aw u 7 fe naaF afe 1 ftefe « 

fte fteaFF sra - few few 1 ff fea tea fte hs 




367 



ewye 



fed' 7T fe5T .did O'ddl fed fedHUl d Id 1 d ' UHUof 

y = — — •> 

aitut w yu'd dA few few i us - dd feo fw oua 
e tea 7 feua wa alee ae ea Ha i fauaet aaut e 
yaw ee aua few a wife wefe a fea uerataa 
few ue'§el efet feeet § 75 + fe few e fee W£a 
aewuyi 

dHd HHld HU 1 " yU tid'd , fee cf'dldH d'M> UU 
did 1 feJT oTdoT d dl fcT fa§U fet) WHfet WUe ddd 

fe waw uua mat fe hut fen aua fefermd 
HHe'feeefeyjyi'Qe' efee htt taffe fen aa 

HHBH feUT Hfe few & few a yfaHd r a UnjH 

auw eefe fei fey" a afuaa fe effete >ne 
ofafau few w eurt afe feua offer feffa fe few 
a did d^ 1 few ddl e Hd Hd 1 fec^ 1 a fe'H'tl 
W fe hut fee aua aw atfe faffe fen aa 

HH75H feUT U'fdHd'd fe HUT eu Ufe fe I few # 

anew w aua e fedue. a yufe few §" wua el" 
ge HH" He 7 few) 

faf w feuua 1947 fe. el" wwfe aau fe 
yea d J1 fe a fdiw i fer^ 7 ?r uafet fe auffeH 7 

wafe >na fewf ear e wwue aa awfya aua fe 

HfUH tH'dl dfe" I feH d'Hd fe^ 1 a afil g'd afiT M'dd 1 

auat ufe ye fofe a feu" fej weu 7 wife fwr e 
ea a 7 foe 7 Hat are fea v a fen fudd afe w?aa 
ewe w wee fee 1966 fe. fee wue fwr fe 
wyet ae afe i 

fee wue fe fauee aua aw fee aa wt 
fee ea fa fen e enne" at fery e 1 " htthht aue 

Ha 1 fo7 fe H3" TfeHU, 1967 a uet i 

'd r d r cir^ : fee uamfea (feue) e fefdeera 
nfee wfeu fey fea yufet uqf (few) e ffefet fen 
nfdd e fea hth H'd wfeu fee fea O'y uo'd fe 
eef §w net eut u" i fen ui^t fe fefet nAeut nee 

fe 385 Ht. (1,300 fH) Ul HBH5" WSHHI, WfeU a 
1560 e 70 e afcfw euni fen f gefefew nt i fee 
few"wwa T aeefe T u t u T utfeawefewfeifee 
efee fen hh afet afe" e feur ufet e uu feu at 
feae feea euafe yfe §h e aar suiet etaa e 
fen nfe # nee ua i few ea fee aae uhw fe ?7 
eet fewae" efe'd' e feeae hu aw aa fee 7 " e 
feet e^fet aw ei d'd'di^ e 1- few eun wae e 1 " 
e >He fen etw efe uiw §eu ^a-aa aue aw ue 
uai fea fe ifevft few aa fe feae e wi a e 
aaeta fea aue new euaw a few ufew e fey 
uw taupe Hfefe e*" wthu afeu feyfet fee 7 " e i fea 
ef yuat few afet etaw e yfe fee fUaa-fe>ne 
a few ufew effer §" ^u euaw at afue eai ^ut 
uat feae fe vfefet 4 vft. e atr (a.i4 eu) u"i fee 



fau a-g" |u fet Ruee'd ae aet uat u i ui^f e 1 " 
tfent euaw fea feeerut^wut ui fee e eaufe 
fea yfe-aet HHuf aet uat u fea aufew eat 
eaueae efe feafet feet iff i 

"fea e 1 " eu euaw ua afet few eu-ee 
ear ui aw fee uiafet fee u" au yfee yfeaw 
afew efew ei fee w aw aw euaw yfeu 
fee aa euafe e 90 ° e §a e afew ufew e i 
fee 5 fu 2 fee ew ei fee uhw fea uue e ua 1 
aa-aaa 1 yw ufew inra e uw w feaae 1- e i 

y.U.— at dddl'S'sld fHdlv.i feutw : 86 

d'd'U^fe : fee fea went uwuuwiHa 
fee aut ew uue afer feyfet feet ei fee 
>Hd T ea , a »fa feaaW fee neeayua fee 1 " ei 
uuwjw, weta uwfea e w fefeefea feuew 
>ne aa aaw" fee fea uwh w feau feae 1 " e i 
yfanu et fea nreae uruw e 7 " ae e fewe 1- afer 
ufey aea feaa’a ueuw ?ea ga ua" "Rea wa ei 
ufey yfet aaat faaa'H' tow fesawe w 
uwu fee H^gea e >ae fee nraeaeai 
feyfweu efey fee ue afet feat eemew e #at 
aae e gu fee fee wpaea et aafew ew ei 
dfedd'" >ue e*tuw e aaa fee fee wrfaaa r a 
aalw, guy, wiufe 1 " >ne wsuta e fewa yeu*" 
fee awa uy fee yeae e fe wra e eu fea efe 
wa yuet e aata e etaa yfe eur ea ueuaif 
fefuiwa fee yeae eiuw >He aseu*" e yfufe et 
auee 1 " c< 'dd efew e yffewu a fea urfee - 
fefewa et wet feet ufet ei fee fee fea w 
yruy da eaa e 7 aae at e, uug eeare ef fee 
aa afeet feaaur euie fee see et ufu ei 

eenae atet feaaw w auer fea a ^ge 
urw e aeuet afey aae e uy fee h?w e i fea 1 
eat d'lViw w yea yre He, ew few eye ?aa 
aaye na ufe eai awf yureuryw fee feae 
Maagea 7 fee ewe aye yeae tn 

e.U.-fif.fa.t. 5 : 363 

d’cH-UH : waar e ef" fee w fee aye afe 
d'fdW e ?UHU a ew-ye w ea-fe 1 " (cluster) 
afee ea 1 faaa ^ea 7 aat we a waar fee fee 
fee-fee feyfet fee ea i euata Tea eye ?ea 
feY fee aae uwu 7 efe aeu w§e ea i etwete 
(Hyades) wfe aa ew-ye UTefeta eai fefe" e 
aau 7 ef ferff uref e yffayfa .a^a ue 7 aurw e fe 
fee afe feae fea fea 7 fee eae ea, fea ae fey*" 
w ye wae afew ufew ei ew-ye e hw ^t 
uew, Qc ^ 1 e na efe yre feae fee at afet wyrrt 
aae e i 




HU 7 UH 



368 



hh-uff ut»r femr - hw-uff h u HutFF 
fau afeFF fupu 7 u : ffuht urufet ff ytu hh-uh 
nr? aiHu'u hh-uhi dfe'HH hw-uh at nut 
FFHUT UIUF U Ut HW uu feu at fua 7 eu+ uutFF 
fau HUH TFU HfaU Ff3U UH I FFHUT UTUfet HH-UH 
Ffol'Hdtdl 1 U HHHH fau FF §H U HUH tUH §UHUU 
UU UH, HU fa UWcTU HHUH FFUUT UIUF U HHHH 
H UU fHHH UH I FFcFH Uiufet HW-UH UHUtHU 
UFFa 7 U FFHUUT FfH UnH^H 3W-UH UHSUHT 
IFFa* H UU, RUTUUT FFaUT UIUF U HUUt HUF U HU 
fUUU UH I FFHUT UTUfet HW-UFF feu HlUFF ut 
HfUFF 20 H 2,000 HH dUl U, FIU" fa dlfVoed d'd'- 
UFF ut HfUFF 10,000 H 1,00,000 ^ H 7 feH H WT 
UUf Ul FFaUT Uiufet HW-UH IFUWHH ufeu FfH 
UTHWU HW-UH IFUHHH §H ?UUT fau FF§U UH I 

FFoFH Uiufet 3W-UH — rtdldUl 400 FFUUT 
Uiufet HW-UFF HU UH UUT HUT U, UU feu HHa U 
fa HU FfWH Uiufet d'd'-UFF ut HfUFF feu H FFU 
FF UH dj<i 1 Ua I IFyUHH UfeU U HHU UU c(do( 
FFUHT UTUfet HW-UFF fau HW- HLWdt UIH FTH 
UU feuut 1 1 UHU »F§H aHU WUUT UTUfet HW- 
UFF faU fyfHUF HW-UH FfH UtwtH HW-UH 
HUHUfWHUHl 

f^fdoT 3W-UH — fetHH 7 3W-UH fey 
UHHtu UfU UUT H fedd'dM 13 HfUUHf HU UHI 
UHU HUfeH aw ?fea HUH^H FfH ata HUfUt HU 
UUUlfeHWU MUIsfUT 250 HfUFF H 7 fUTFFH HUH 
HtH FF UH 7 U I fet^ H 7 f<Hdldl3 faUUU UtUHt - 
-3.5U+ 10.5 HUT Ul 

utwtH HW-UH - feU UTHfelH HH-HH U, 
fTTHH) - fetft UTHt oTUt ferFFH U I feu HH pH H 1 30 
UoFH ^UUT Ht HUt §HU U I feH H HU feH H ^HU 
Fff?FUHH 'SUT 7FH HfefUH U?7 I feH H ftP>FH 1 d 'd HH 
^TH H G FfH k H UHI feH H FffH tUfe" HU A 

-2 HiraUH H UHI feH H HfUFF f^H G FfH K 
HU"c( UK H UUU d'd HHH UH I 

uuh}F mh ifna - f^HHUU - hh h ffuth 
BTUfet HH-UFF U^F §UtFF HHHt fefr ?FH UH 
uflHtFF FFUW" U77I UU H HH-UFF Ut»F ^ut»F 
UddF.dl FfH HcFH-feFIffeT fefe>F UFFH UH 
o(l dV/F FFUtFF U?71 fed H UH rtdld 1 U fe 
feFFHHU FFoTH Urafet H^-UFT HUFT H 10,000 
UoFH HHU Ut UUt U feUoFU HHU UH I H 7 ^ Ub>F 
UUlFF HUH H 15,000 UcFF HHU H tUFFU 7 ?nff 
UH I Fh^' d'd'-UFF Ul" UtU3t, UUT FfH HlfUUH U 7 

fuMHu ynjH u §T 7 uF nfw aiu Hfw u 10 

yfHHH H ftWU HUt" Ul fed fed UH TUfUTFF U 
fe fe?7 uF UHcT FfH UUT feu FFUHt HHU UU 7 U I UHoT 



FfH UUT U FfflTFfH HHU HH felFFH HH?F U o[W 
TTHUtat HrfeFF HU at UH fUfUTFF U fHH Ut UHU 

u 

FfH HtfcTUI-ft UH H’lUFF U HHHU UHI feu HU7F 77HU 
Ffjft UH U 3 T fUFF UtFF dfeU faHHd^lFF <U fefFFH 

au Huu h i feur ut uut FfH rnfauH u ffh HfeFF 

FfH UH U HfeFF ut f?3 ftTUt HUt I feH H feu 

uh 7 uuiu 7 ur fa ffsff uiufet h^-uh u hh 

HHHJUtU Ha" UH I 

uhrfofu d'd'-yrr — fery 7 u 7 feu H 7 fe ^ 1 ut 

UHU HTFaU U cFd6 fUFF Ul UHUHUU d'd'-UH fed 
HH-UHHUt U fHH U 7 HUU FFHt Ff'cFU UIUF U 7 UUU 
U I H H dH fUFFU 7 URUHUU d'd'^UH felFFH UH I 
HHa u fa - feru 7 ut a?u fersHt fen 7pw uufet out 
uauft i feu h^ 7 FFaur uiufet hh-uff u Hanfe- feu 
ufu Hfw fau ua i feH fau §huf feufet Ffe 47 - 

0 

uafe HUH fuaufUTH UFUHFU HU 7 - feu U77 1 

UHUHFU HH-UFF ut a? - §H HH-UFF f 
au a ^dlsfdl HU dlrt'd'd HU FFaFF U FfU fijH faU 
HH^ hh fury 7 fau uuTHur fea fnufet ua hh-hhtu 
U §H UUH fau UH H UU FFaur U 7 UUTUUT U ufHHH 

— • =s 

uauft 1 fi'cfh uiuf a huh a^fua Hau ffh fen 
nfunf u 7 ata a 7 UH aut fnau 7 nt 1 fen uut nuut a 
feu uh atn 7 fa uiHau htu-uff u 7 auu huh 
aut, uuh fen h 27,000 yauT hhu ut uut §uu ua 
H'd'-Hsitt u au U I 

FTUtFF — UHUaH d'd'-UH fau ^UUHU FFU 
FFU {ufeu 7 H r fUFF ut HUfSH 7 ?THU fel ^ 7 UtFF UUfFF 
felFFH dldlFf 7 ufefFF Ua I UH fHFf T U 7 HU Uih'oi 'd 
d'd'-UFF UtFF UUfFF felFFH U UatFF UH I fet ^ 7 ^ 
hhIuh anu fery 7 u fuHutuTH utunt U UH HUTH 3 
fery 7 ut yua - uwa u 7 feTFFH u ffu 7 ui fIufth 

UHUfta HH-UFF U 7 f?7UUU UUUFat UtUHf SUIHU 
-10 FfH UUH UTH-UFT 7 u 7 Mdlddl -5 Ul 

%UF fau HfeUH 7 - FffHFfH uu uu a aw 
diWol'U HH-UFF ut faFrt UTHt felFFH aUH HHo?U 
Ul Fia.U.HFFU (N.U. Mayall) a HUTUUT 50 URUaH 
HW-yFF U FffeFfa HHU felFFH atn 7 U fa fe7f u 
(^FFT) aur + 290 H -360 fa.Ht yfH HUU U I feH o 
uh 7 Hum 7 u fa feu FffH Hfeu am auur u fuu UH 

UTHWU HH-feFF Ut UU feHFdfefeF - UTHW 
d'd'-UFF U FffHFfH UHoffH d'd HHU UUT U tl 1 a< 
yu uh fury 7 ut feuuu UtU 3 t -3 U HUIUUT uut u 
fuj 7 UFF U +4 feuuu UfUHt H UUH wf&w U HU 
fau FfH ua aut ya r feH Fiau ?fet fkjuu 1 fe?j T ; 

ufew Ufe U UH UU UHI U Hfe FFU 

yiuHa r auHH auu u aa Fftnun mn yu uhi fe 

UH U 5UUIUUT H'd HU fea Ut ^HU U UU UH FfH fe 
FFHTrT Uiufet H r fUFF TFH HUH UHH UH I 




369 



fey - 33-03 f?3 fecr cwd'd 1 ota fecr orara 

feoffcr 3 ¥t 03 AfOP*F 01 

wt FFoPH OIOF 3l Af* - 3? WTH OTOF Ud 'rtl 
1%tJ dfe'oPd d'd'-UtT ^UAHO 3? TO" I 330"fet 
3l tAtf3d WPH OTOF fe3 fidTAdr 200 MW 
A30A f>TA OA 1 

a\y.-ftf. fe. A. 5 : 364 

d'd'-sf I'd ofl (Astrophysics) : feH §" tf3TW— 
tf3oft ¥l ffer fj| fey ^3F-f%fe>>r 3f fen 
33 3t?W feg OOTAl f03 et 0373 FfA §7f 3 
tfesr Ag3 3 rafaffe fel3 33 3 1 Atrad 3 fur 
A3 §• 33TA 3l Afeo fe^ 7FA 033 O 3 HOT A 
WhI f03 3 >>fftPHA 3070 HO cft3l 3303 >w 

?fa fA7rf-§- ‘d'^ocat oata sra- hh3 h1, ho ah! 

fw fOHfl 3faF 3fecT M3 - 30fedr 0TAt»F »ta fe?F 
7FA HHHA Afedr UldcVsF, #3" 3 UfOA 1- , 

dlfeFF 3faF dTAfaF FFffe I OOA %W 33 HOTT, #3 
FTA dlfddF § fdH *HA d 1 Id 3" ^ lJo( 1 >rl fetT ft 
HHlW 33 fd3 h! FfA feH hM <?W d^cT'dl 
ifua ?ral o hhI i feoAl 3 of] A#d r fife»W orfeAt 
(1564-1642) A 1612 ft. ffeO FfoFH-HAA 3 
FffaFfA ah! ofaAf 30 jdAdft 3 pte ft aha 
crtAt oo fn?r fen ddofe ft haao ffeo hoa?ooa 
OTP^OT^fwfeF^^M^afof 
ffFF Hcf^ 3 Ffff 00 HOl f%HH 33301 IFOA 73 3 
Hfetl 33- d Id eft 3 W 19 ft H3f fA3 
HOfecfeHOt (Spectroscopy) 3 fOTFFA feUd -3 dfeFF! 
fen ohm 3 ffron ffo ioor^ a hoa fft HoffA 1- 
f3At feQ'fe fen At Hd 1 fed 1 7FA OHoflA HOoTOH OH 
dd 3 dft(VdHcT FffOFfA Aft fOAHH 03 Wdl OH I 

feH AJ 1 " AOHfedt FfA HHHHH" tftFF 033 ft 
3fe03 3113 3 Hra?3 A HUofeHOTt 3^ ^ Ofe 
FfftfFfA feg Hftraoit H33 tfefet ferai - 3t tfeoT 
>H?W 3 HOT fera ^ 3 H 3 t 335001 t| 3 A cfest I ffe 1 

0IH 33fet 33t 3 3 feraofe 3 fW3 >HAHra 
Qd H03 UoTH 3 -feferaA cSdl ofddl HOT f%HH ddl 1 

UoTH 3 Ot fefefdA ora3t 0 1 00F t §H 0TH 

3 «sfdo( OOT ^f03 0A I fec^ 1 ddl' f%3 foldd folUd 
ddl 'ddld 030T I fed Qh dlH 3t dfdo( >H^HH r ^Ud 
feddd oraA 1- 31 feH ff36T f?3 Hfe3 

OoTAn-rA dlH fer*T TO H33 UW Atir 3 Hg3 
HlfdTOH f3tffet rtdl 3%c(F, HOT Qh f%3 dlH 3 
Ad3oT OOT Hf3 03 0A I feH 3 Iw TO H%3 
UoTO 3 3 33T 03 3 3HI ^ 3# 3 t HCTctOH 

U? fW flH 3 AgfeOT OOF 3)- W 5PAt»F 0tF3, 
ferA 1 ” A lo'Ortd^d 30'^' 3f03 OA, t-IOTO Cl til OF OA I 
fe^ OTAfeF OH 1 ^- 3 FfftWA 3 WFO 3 fed - felF 3 
H^O 1 - O fer H03 OoPH fefOAl fefO# OIH 1 W SW 



33- ffeef 

Hlfd dh d U 3oT tJddtd 1 O HP3 ^H 3 OIH 0033 fefH 
3^F 3t ffeof Ff?HH r t%3 OA I 

feraorra a fen Ihxfa §- w 3 wo 3 

HHd 1 feM 1 " Hi UO Hdld U0H3 03?3 3 feTHFA F3 
OTFOH fHfe3 3l H0'fed r ?AA fl HOfefeHtut 3 
<AW A fetlW |V ?73 HH0 T §3 r HO^ O Hfew I 
fU05?3 cfHA 3 fed" HUHO O tTfeF 0 fef 33 3fdfl 
3 FfftPHA fe3 mfcfeHOTl 3 H'UcS' 3t ^IFddrd 1 3t 
feoT »FU3l Hfe 7 O I feo feH ffet fe HU30H§tjt 
oral 0303 3l ffeoT WHEF 3 fet fe3 33 fl 
fT3cFdl fHA Hofei O 33 ^O - 1303 UWFFA OTH 3 

oh ffeo 03 1 fen sol fen htot ?fa feo- ao! raiOTF 
3 Hdtl 1 for Ijof'H 3 Ora IfeO Hfef3 fefe H3 fe "c^ ‘ 
U3'dH' 3 H3 90 OA FT3 3l ffeoT WHHr ofl O I 

yffel fusr 3 fedd 1 usrra 3^3 o §o §h o 

WOA 30F fw ifer U3T O, feo 30F 3l 

0373 3 f%H f%3 HOfefeHoiut 3l Hd'fed 1 ?3A §3^1 
6dl fed 1 3 Hctt! 1 I HHoTOHoTUl Ot^A feTO A ufOA 
^AOlHHAAAfeH fef3 fl 33301 33 3 HHOH 01 
feH AOt feA' fU3 3 Ff30A 30F 3l 0373 Ff3 
3f30T >tRW 3 fw HHHl fT3oPOl IFH3 5RA AOl 
HtfwratUt 3l fe fOFFW 3l 3003 OlFfftPHA 3 
M'UO' 0"d fetJ'd 30A AOf d'd'-fUO 1 " A HO 3 30F 
feti ^fddF 3 Ho(3' O O 1 ^" > H30A T sf'dl F13 OTH 
HAAI 

HHfeOH Oral OffeOfA 3 WO" §3 3 fOFF hM 
WoT dH' 3 U3 AOT 33 O pHc^ 1 fe3 UHO feHA 
fA03 OA :- 

(1) HOTT 03 33 30 UoTHHPA #H 3 feTA 
OTA fefe OA frTTF 3 WOA 30F 3 feuOA AA 3 

o — 

d'OH'cS H fed Fsfdldl dd 03 1 ” 0 1 ^UOA AA 3 felO 
330 ¥A 3 tFOfe AWA ^03 ft 33 O, fe# A3 
ffe 3301 AHFFA ofel OT feOTOl 33 03 0 1 

(2) 00 fed 30 3 O?30A r 30T OIH HOA 7FA 
faffeOF ffeOF 01 fey- OTH HAA 1- f%3 ffTOA AA 
Ofdd'f OfeOA§OHraflj^§W^fHA3dAlfeH 
3 HAAH feO fOAoTA 7TOl ffe feg^l flTO feA3 3A 
A3 3 fel^ §H 00 30l ^3 7fel OiOF I WA f%3 
AfOOF 3 HU3^H fe3 >HfAOfFF d r Q*dOd 00^ 
fewfeloF OA A fedfel ^00 fHA3 3A feo ^1 3A 
3f>3 OO 7 ^ ^ fAA OA I Affefe 3 ffe HOA f%3 fO 
JO f%3 ofeltAA, OtAfW, oPOHA, A3 Offe HA3 
03 OA I 30Al 00TA#3 HUT 713 33 A 1992 fl. 
f^3 FFOA 1- oferj Arawfe* JAO OH did 1 fdH 3l 
00^03 7FA HOoTJH 03 3 WA AH HHfW 3 
HH3 O I feOTAgr A OfeO 00TA#3 ffeOTOA 3 003+ 
f?3 33 JAO, JOHfe 3 f03 AAH-f%f30F 3 OAO 
f%3 HA 3 HOA^OOA OTT O I 




370 



3. d'd a P<*>ddd HUfed^H a 7 bffebfS otd* feldd 
fa S 7 gsfet are PSHptld ofts 7 TPS 7 a I afe S feoT 
ctreufSoT brt J dHo( oTW firs (black body) HS 5f 9tT 

aflat tT*H5t a fan a 7 are fea a far fa a 7 fees 7 as 
fen air Hdrfsa j fer fa fa fa tr atffbt 7 fefeas 7 

S, UUS aH S HU SS 7 ai fdf'dcrV bfe atajbfaa (B. 
Stewart) S fea Mu cfld 1 fet Ho(d ftiS at QdVl 1 fea 
UPd^ddA S 7 tfe a 7 aa feoT 3HT feS fa # PrePctdA 
bta OTS atbf 7 H l dd l< ^'" feet fefta bISIFa feS 
astbf 7 us - 1 tow a 7 furs' a feufet a aa aar sre 
tat hot sat aa 7 ! bffaa firs a pHU'dcr a 7 
UMdl 1 dHct bi PubiS S Pdo Phu o(d P^?d 1 U ffe fea 

•v 

Prenw sre §“ 3 " aa fear aar at dludd 1 P*Hpud aat ai 
usfer s' sre-arfaoft a btrere f^s fear hsh 
HH aiaba a t fea ana^fe 7 a far sre-atfsor hsss 
at bi^Hu 1 fea bt'ddHoi ocrt firs a bias aaT a 
fefeas at bbjor staas 7 aat a i 

firs a fas 9 a are sat reara bra aaaT safet a 
ga ft tftr fea Tffear yaares, fa auas faa 7 s 
PsHPad area 7 a Pana 1 PreParas are 7 btara fea aw 
atas 7 atas 7 a i feaj 7 reara 7 a 1 fea ret huh? a t-fs 7 a 
far fife a sre fea ufereass a Taw sre aafea 
dtudd 1 at saaT safet fea at uPdredd* J are 7 ai 
bfas - fea faf* faf 1 firs a aar fea ^’U T aa 1- nfe 1 
a, hush stays 7 at saar saret waat afet a 
btdu'd fa auor^a fea faafet a aa aar res Hdow 
aferai 

bpaaa arre fife sat usrer fsetH btaaa aar 
bta aaaa atauar at aaai safet a hot s uar? 
ores' aaa biafet cas fewa? aa febr faiba ai 
fea sat are a uafet anr §■ Psh faa ores' sat ufas 1- 
§a a Hufc^K a.brfqbte- arer nfea afeaa r a 
fefeas" at dddi swt Pdibbd od dl i-pat i are a 7 
uafeta T ubiHsfeafH'bpaaH 5 r 5 PS'ffe'a T a T va 
fea a feffea ^ Hfea afeaar ^a aaai safet ^a 
^feafreareati 

4. afebr a aurora fea aaa ftsd r fesat a 
ua fea ?t asre w atr aasaaa 3 fe fre at ftpro 
faa 7 afe a 7 fe ^ 7 atfof^a fe 7 § aa ^aar fea 
fefeba w asre 7 ai ^aaMHa aat fea btaar 

ddls-idfe a a’febr a 7 «^ddPlo(ds auo^a f »rore 
aa 7 a ores' a 7 etas' sfta 7 ^ ua gafea ^aaftaas 

^aavps - aat a aas aw fea are?aa uuaaw 

**■ »\ 

fea utaa fUorfaar, s^aat asfaar bta aHret ass 
arere 7 ofta 7 feibr at i fea ^aaftares fea aa bfea 7 
at ?aa atat aiat 3ri fea waaffeas a aa ?auT 
btareat btua o, b, a, f, g, k bta m sw aaaa efta 
fea as i btast sat fet^ 7 fefe aa fear ?aaT fer fer 



aaai 7 fea tfeba faibi 7 ft i are a ?aai a 7 fsaa 7 fe 
a HUct^a tfe febr uaa ots ferfe (aasaaa fepfe 
fe dlaad 1 a reare fea afta 7 fea 7 a, a a^ w- 
aa^ afe fea fsaaa areatbr asi fen ss 
^aaffeas sat are bta aafe a 7 uare fea na c 
fearfabr 7 fea 7 a far ot a #cr are a yre gatbr fet 

ta a 7 Has : (l) area (Giant) are rea gfe (Dwarf 
are i fes ?aar a area are a 7 are fa ^are a fe 
are a are a Horres ura aa 7 ai gaa afet aat fet 
bTfear-ai 



as 7 biota arest fea fes 7 ^aai 7 sre hot 

u 

aat srat a a^are 7 sat gafet are bta aucr^a a 
atbr 7 feaaaretbf 7 ffeatbr aiatbp- as :- 

?aar are aaT atfsaa tra fe fenaa 7 

0 7 28,750 Sts' d'dlddS, bFfefsdT atstbfK 



B 0 21,390 | star 

i jal 



B 5 

Ao 

A, 



14,490 J area 

10,520 1 
8,390 J 



afetaaas, atfebia 



area afetaas, brfefsa rea 



7,300 -I aa 7 
6,210 J tits 7 



bpfefss are 



j-uts 7 bpfafsot rea btsfeafsa w\ 
saaft btTfeafssrrea 
sre uanre 



G 0 5,750 
G 5 5,160 J 
K 0 4,650 
K s 4,050 
M 0 3,890 
M 5 3,735 

bfat asfe areft a feaaare arfebt 7 £ reddilotd 
fea ares sras sfe fea reaaftaras a uw fea rea 

•v 

WbrareafeaN, Rbtas reaat 7 1 as fea 7 a fe 
a resHfv gasa reaaffeas fea uarre a : 

< M — S 
R— N 



5. aufe^H^ut aret fea ret ua 7 sat 7 a far aa 
are are a rest a rest aafere ?rre satbs atfe 7 
aareta 7 fea fears faaret faa as, reas fea fer 
are as, a brnrs area 7 aaa at getaa 7 araa aft 
as i fo^ 7 aTfebt 7 §• HUTefeHOTt a^a-^re fea 7 fe 
ai 



6. btre area 7 reats aafet yaa fea aft 
gorws ata febp aureraa airre 7 feoftas atrre 7 




371 






HFOTTH ^Ud 375FM 7 <jyl'H r dtdM 7 075 M3 03 F«o( F 
tT? o fo § u-Hti 1 ^ 1 fFF fife - fotIm 7 OfS i for £ 
35OT5 UOTi" FfOF 3751 tSoToT £ F¥ 3 T f3M i ' F 
5 TUFZH UH 7 fF 3 f? 5 T UF 7 ^" Ft OF £ FfclM 7 FhH F 

fF hof fF 3Ep" fffF 353 vrgF 31 

7. 3 r f^3M33^3 T 3Ffe3#U3 T 33%3?7 
|ir f%3 HFF 3 1 ft W3\ 5P3H 7 f?3 33 §3FF 3 M3 
fU3 33 H?[F 33 Qtl'dde 3 33 3 MFOT dldl 1 fF3 
333 3 753 FFf U3tMF HOT I". f3F fecT 3'3l^3 
OT5375T M3 U3F UJF fsr.HF. f^F 1CT 8 F.ifl". MOT 
feMOT 3 75HT3HT 25 fV3 33 W iFF 33! feiT 
d^ 1 fS5T Mtl 1 (5 fed H !t(d U3 T 33 fF ItfFF 7 7531331" 
3 X lO" 24 HOT U3F UT3 H\5-fF. 3 1 3 T f3M i ' 3 HT5T H33 
f?3 FF U3W fF MFF 7 75HT3HT fe33t OF OFF 3 1 fel 
FH75 MoTH 313F 3 33 fdfHM 7 Mdl 6lc< 30t 31 33 
fel =?F feHf33 OT f^3 fHPtFF 3 fF 33 feF foorfHF 7 
3 f33 f3?5 3 T 3F f%F Mcid' fF f33 f33 3 1 d'd 3 
M333 U3 T OT fF tjfeddl 3(55 3 HMF HF75 7 3 OT 
f?F H^F 33 WT WF FFt 31 feTf*" ifcTH 7 F 7 UH 
3 r f3M t 3 UtT M3 33 33 (~s£H'«> FOT-VTFT? F UrT F 
5333 OF 7 3 1 fel 333 M 7 ^ fUS" 5TfF3 fIhM*" 3 
3533 F 7 H¥F Ot ?53f 333 HOT §5T §"fOTH §H3 
fFOTF FF 33 fidH 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 1 " Ud'H 7V75 HOT F 7 
75313 75OT3 7 3; §Fdddf 3 33 3 Uddl 3 'd'MHsitt 3 
M3 HOT 375 HdH 3 Ud'H 3 fdUd 60d fedHF HHiT 
fF F 7 3FH75 333 331 UFOT f%OT75 fF feH 
>f r 33 r 3 Mfc(M75 7T3 33 3 M333 UF'dH fFF H33 
fWtf3 7 FFltfF3 7 F 7 U3 7 75dr 7 fVM r 3^3! 

3 T f3M T 3t M333t 333 1 " — FH 1 ? fe" uFd«' 

=s 

^fHM 7 f3P>T 3 fsr S^foM 7 3t M33?)t 33^3 3 t U3 7 
Wdl'03 753t §3t tfeoT 5333 §375 OT ?v3t 31 f35T 
5f3cT for 333 1 " 3 T MFc|M3 5T33 rtdl 3Tfef33 H'UcS 1 
3r 3^ 33?3 U3 7 - 3 1 3^ 333^ 333 5T5ic^ 
M3 3f33 ImPB 7- 3 M^f75 SrfOM 7 3 M333t 3 

5T375 5T375 3t o(71U73 cFldl t-PtF) 3 M3 Fdd for 
53375 3 3f33 7533 dlFiFd'd 33F 33t f?3Tf33 
133 33 1 333 f$?3 75S3" 3 T f3M 7 " 3 3033533 75S3 7 " 3 
FD33 33 3 i_ f33 133 7 F<533B T 3 f3 3 r l3M 7 ' 3 
M33?§ 1%3 M FiH dl M 7 3F sfFdc< M^HtC'S' 

5f33 33 Fhld FmJIm 7 H'sJtt f%3l mFiHO Fo(< 5 3t 
3 1 - Mf3M3 fOPM 7 31 feH 3 3755(33 
3 r f3M t 3 M333 ftjfHM 7 3F 3333 3 f%3 fe3 5TH3 
33 3 Fd 1M 1 <^> 3*33 3 5Tf§M r 3 1 

STfW- 3 33 M3 MOT f^MW fOIM^ 377 I 
f35T 3 fej 7- 33 feoT 3 T fecT feoT 333F 7$S3 3 fa - 
§3 fe333 ^SffgM 7 f%3 5T3 3 T H fdfl 7 3 1- fWt3?> 
333 T 3f33 r 3 1 GdiH' 3 F^ofld* 3t 33 FrlH 3 d'd 3F 



id dl (luminosity) 3ff33 33 1 for «se 3t §7>t 3t 
5f333 r 3 f3?§ 3^ 3 33 M3 MOT f^MOT 3Fl 

333 3 7 f3M + 3 33 7 ' M3 MOnf^MOT 3^ OT 7 f333 
fefBM 7 3^ 3 1 " f33 5T3H3 3 3 7 3 T 3 3 T f3M 7 3 
7531331 f37T ?W fe3 ^feM 7 3 7 5Tcf3 T 3! 3 7 f3M 7 3 
33 M3 33F 3T OT 7 -f333 # fe5T ofH75 3l 3H3f 
333 1 " 3 1 333 d'TdM 7 31" Hdl G<^' 3 33 3 753I33T 
3.5 UF3 3 MS533 OT3t U(33l" 31 fof SrfaM 7 3 
5IH3 J H3 H3t crf33 33 I trTOT S 7 ? for H3F 3 f375 
375 §3 § 3^ 3 33 33 : 

S 7 ? I §3753 SrfcJM 7 3t 331" ^tj 7 3 33 ?MOT?fe3 
Uf33t OT3t 3 1 333 fe3 3t 33 3)" K3 H3F 3 SrftJM 7 
M3 Tdt3 33 STlOTf" §M*" 33^ M3 MOTf^MOT 
3t d&O 1 ddld 3*" fe3 33 1 " Tidld 1 & fe" 5dt3 feryfy 
3 3^ 3 Hc3H75 H33 dfc SlBtVFTr 33 1 " 3 M3 §5T 
H 7 MOTfeMOT H33 133 U3 7 31 fo? 75Ht 5dt3 
3 7 3 3 r 33 7 OTMf3HU(3 T 33 7 y i 3l3 l 31 

(5Mmh-hF) 5ni3 t3F f 7 33 H 753 f 7 ^ 
TlfeM 7 3 7 3 T 3 1 for 31" UTFF 7 753133T 6'8 X 10 4 HOT 
331" U13" 3.5fl\ 3 1 fS3 3t ?57jF 5T3T 33H feoT OF 3H 7 ?" 

•v »v 

335 WE H3 H3F 3 3 7 fHM 7 M3 5dt3 §3" 3^ 3FM 7 
33FM 7 3F 375T5 7 3HFF 3*" 5Tl3 H3 7 ~3W >il3 3 
d'd 3 HoOdtt 333 3F W3 33l>3?5 03' 3 1 fcj 7 
f3753 7 ^ 3 MW §OT fe3 foTH 7 F 7 5OT3 7 3 STfHM 7 
3FM 7 M3H?5F 3375'%' ^F f375 f375 dFdflM 7 1 

H.y.-fif. ?F. f . 5 : 366 

37§ T -K¥?5" : fer 3?" OTofFff SrfeM 7 3 5ty3 
375 3 3 T cF _ 5f375 F 7 f3dl Fold 1 H '3 1 3 M3 

f33t MToTTJ §" OTT 7 fe3 ^33 331 fSTf 

3 T H 7 ->5375 7 33 3 3 T5 7 3^" GtJ 7 3F rfF^ 7 ?H3fF 

33 333 Ffcr 7 3 77W MOT? ^8" HTE 3751 
ftTM 1 3 7 3H FOT-HSF 7 3 T5 7 WfHF M3 U^fco?' 
HOT 7 ^ 7 3 MOT 7 ? §3" ar8 H13 3751 HOT TOT WIT? 
3F 7 3 5rf33 f^3 F^-tF^TH 7 F 7 OT375 FH753 7 f%H 
¥F §77 3 M3H OTTOTF T5 7 ^OTTFF 3f35fF H 7 755{F fF 
y5T3cT M755ffiR5T3F (Almagest) §"3 MU'Fdd 375 1 Fft^ 7 

T5 7 ? 7 3F H3F§H 3 MOTF yH^OT3F FfdTdF ftROToOT 

3"" 1333 ofldl 5fF Udd FtH 3 MH3 FdO ^F 753F 375 fF 
foj 7 " 3 73 375^3^1 375 1 

F^-TISW 7 F FrfHM 7 F 3 7 - M 3 HHWHF 
U e 1 rtl dFod UiTF fnd f%F FTtofFH" d'FdM 7 F 7 
? 5 r 5 (FH 75 d'd'OTssri F T 5 7 3 1 uFdtt' y 6 'oil M 3 H 3 
MOT^TK M 35 OT 75 HT 7 F c( 1 d' TTF 7 3 Fri<S , M 753 7 
HHFf (a Aris) F 7 MOT 3 HF FtHt-vF^ F 7 553 3 
F 51 FF 75 7 STF 7 ! 3 § F 7 OT 5 F >)fyH 93 K 3 tFF 375 3 F 
HH 3 ^HFHW F 7 W MOT 7 F 7 WHT FF 3 7 OTF 7 31 
375 F’lHM 7 £ 3 H 5 OT" 75 §F FOT 553 T 5 7 F ? 5 7 F 7 >5135 




d^-H^d 



372 



3377 :?333W 3 =# >333 R, S, T, bFf3 W UH3T 

cftd T fFF 31 ufe 3 >rM di3bF £ wot 

bfoF 3 1 " UMdl did' tH'd 1 31 

•s 

d T 3 T -3375 t 3fbF — 377 1801 f%3 3d 

(Bode) d d^-HdTF dtbT BtH 7 # fAdU'fdd oftdtbf 
w fej ugvrfeor Tjut h?> i fotQTo?- fen >37333 3tr ^tr 
BdtbF #3 Bf?d HtW'^ddl d 1 ? ^tr a*f WW Bdd 
#3 dfed 077 I 377 1930 f%3 blddd'BOdl dfdHl JW 
d fef - Bb-P# W UdVTfeoT feHU'd* offd 1- 1 

d^-HSTT # $5 - d^-BdH fd?7 yd? - #3 
4d 05" 377 : 

(§■) 3>Ht 3dd ? d^-HSTd, (»f) oorf 333 ^ 3 # 

ffd3t g? 3 HlKddl d^-HdTd »fd (?) 33ft 35J3 

bfd ^fet 3? 3 WT^ddl d 1 ?^!#?? I fen fe<vd<b 
*\ 

#3 d^br d w>ee td? fuu few fmr w §b 3t 

fe.H?l'3Id 3# tF 5W ?! d^ Hd3 3 73 ^ d3d 

TO fo?t fM3t fV ^ ^ §#3 S' 

dldT § y Rdd ddtfl 3 1 

(§■) 3# W 3 dd^-H^H - fa# #bT 12 
Bfw# ufmr 077 UdfdfefcfB (ophicus) W §? d3T 
fHHW bfd 077-3 T Btbfr 3 ># f?3 Bf?3 3 1 f?B d^ 
33ft tJcf3 3 3 T 3 T H373 3t HftPJf 13 3 TPtOft I 3of3 
33 313' WW Ufdt #bC BStbF 3 ^d? Old 75?t? 33 
33ft 3of3 ? 3 T 3 T- H373" fen dcj' 377 : 

1. HO (Aries) — 30 >33^33; f?3 olBbfejdH 
BfeB bfd Ht?7 3 fddd'd Bfed 3 1 ofet-^rSfO 3t fed 
Uttrat 33ft 31 

2. f?0 (Taurus) — 30 77^33; fed HO, (UdnlbfB 
(Perseus), f)13T (orion) bfd UtT'Odt (Auriga) 3 fedof'd 
Bfed 31 bf3BW7 (1) bfd OfOdt (1) for 3 HO dfe 
377 I 

3 . fH3?7 (Gemini) — 5 377^3t; fed UidOdt, 
fWHT >H3 <5 fan H3ft77? (canis minor) 3 f^dd'd nftld 
3 1 for 3 Htf 3 1 ? 3333 (1) >H3 U37o3T (1) U77 1 

4 . 333 (Cancer) — 30 377?3t; fe? U35H3T >H3 
W 3 fedcf'd Hf33 31 feR f%3 3M5ftW 3^ 33t 
3771 

5. fttur (Leo) — 1 H T 3F3; fof?33 OMoftH' 

■3771 

6 . 317733 (Virgo) — 1 1 >HU77; fe? 5P3^3 (Cor- 
vus), F'Hfd (Hydra), 3333 (Serpens) Ff3 ydltH 

' (Bootes) 3 fedd'd 3fe3 31 f?3 3 T 33 3 T 3 r fedO 1- 
(1)31 

7. 3J3 (Libra) — 9 H?t; f?3 3fw, fefdH 
(Lupus) >H3 fyHd'dT 3 fedoCd Hfed 31 f?3 3t 
dcS'^d U33 ¥33ft 31 



8 . ftjHdd (Scorpio) — 30 ^3; fe? H3U33 >33 
H3U3 3 3W3 fe? Hfe? few ft# »W3 3 r 31 
fe3 W UW^ 1 - (>H333t3) 3W ( 1 ) #373 3 1 

9 . 33 (Sagittarius) — 7 dtt'fel ; f?3 fyndd b# 

bfof#73 (Aquila) 3 fedd'd 3f33 3 1 WoTR 3133 # 
333t few # fe3 #3 3 1 

10. H3? (Capricon) — 8 bf313d; fej WW- 
K33 bidfert 1 (Aquila), 377, 333t 3t?7 bfd Kt?7 3 

fedd'd 3fed3l 

f> 

11. §3 (Aquarius) — 25 bf333; fe? felTO 
3 T 3 T -H3«' U3T33 (Pegasus) 3 3tf3 #3 H#? 3 1 

12. Kt?7 (Pisces) — 27 H333; f?3 

U3I33 3 373 #3 3 3 3 W 33 IfebF 3febf 3 b# 
UnftJbF # 3tF ?33F f33 T 31 

13. H3U33 (ophicichus) — 11 377; fej fdH^d 
3cf3 S 5f33 T 3f3bf feHdd b{3 377 3 fcdd'd' 3^ 
31 

(bf) 33ft 333 b# f3T3t 3^ 3 HUd?3t 3 T 3 T - 
e\ §73 Hfw 28 3 fff# 3 T #3^ f77H77 

bjrtb'd 3 :- 

1. M'ylftd (Leo Minor) — 23 .sd^dl ; fe3 
fHUf 3 §33 IPH 333 ^^bF # fesr t?t f33t 3tF3 

2. HlT3-f3Ft (Ursa Major) — 11 B'dd; fof 3 
Hd d 'd 377 fdc^ 1 § Hd f3Htbfr 3 T Ldld H frtbfr 3^3 1 
3 1 §3 ( 1 ) b# UF53 (2 ) felT 533 377 1 

3. HW HlT3-f3Ht (Ursa Minor) — 13 H?t; fe3 

M3T3t g? 3 fy«.dtt S# 33 5T377 f#3t felF 3 1 
HW 3 1 3?3'd' (2) f?TT 3t US' 3 r bftfto?? ~3W 3 
U-^d'd b# 333 3Hdft3 3^ SoT? (2) 3t few f%3 

|3t3 3 1 

4. #oT3 (lynx) — 19 377; f?3 13377 b# 333- 
f33t 3 f'3d'cTd T 3 U33 - d^faTbr #133 3# oCWl 
?33F 31 

5 . qrPinjt (Auriga) — 21 3333; f33 b# fH§7 
3 33 f*33 #3 3f33 3 1 bfWB 3T3F f?3 fw # 3 5 
3Uf3t 3 1 3Harte T WW 333f333 r (capella), f33T bfi 
g? 3 fddd'd 31 

6. oPMWj'dsfrtb (Camelopardalis) — 2; 
3333; b# 333 f?33 3 fddd3 333 d^bf 

’ *V •s — 

7. 333tbf3 (Perseus) — 7 77^33; bfoP3 3131 

et Orff #3 313d feu ww-)te& % f, urrai# » c 

t3t§litbr (Cassiopeia) 77^ fWfdbp- ofebF 31 feB 3 
Wd^f333cr(l)3b#bfW3d(Algol) (2) 3l33 df 
dd 1- (tt'sfd'dt gdTHddr) 3 1 




373 



d'd 1 



8. edfetaTdd (Triangulum) — 23 

fed fttS gi-lfe d'ol'd <?'« d'd'-Hsirt HU, UddldB 
dt dsTfed 7 (Andromede) d ferdocd Hfed S I 

9. dtrfes 7 — 9 dorgaa; for sdfedfd 7 d 
6*1 o( do 1 Udl'HH, Htd dt d'fe'Hdjrtrf 6'W fuffed 7 
dfed 7 d fed d 7 ufdtt 1 d'd 1 dHdaTd (Alpheratz) (2), 
UHFdd d S33T d ffea-U3S td d 7 fdtf3 fed (Ver- 
tex) dl for dt feddldTd fcSvJ'ddU cfeddd WWS dt 
d'of'H dldl 1 d I 

10 . ^HlGutd 7 (Cassiopeia) — fed d^fed 7 t 

tfe §Ud dfe\ d 7 cT f H 3TdF fed »t?7 

3H?7 fetfl- d dUd<3 (W) W5 d d 7 ^ SW 
HsTadl 

1 1 . Udl'HH (Pegasus) — 1 HtHH ; fed ddfed 7 
S' U<5' nffcjcj d 1 fen d ^ddl'ol'd d'd fed d?7 I 

12. W'HdC (lacerta) — 28 ddIHd ; fed Udl'HH 
d tUH nfed fecT Odd 7 d^-ndd S I 

13. JTtatdH 1 (Capheus) — 29 Hddd ; fed 
ttttutd 7 , fedl'cSK dt USd'd d HU fed dfed dl 
fed fed dt d'ofH dldF dddt d dt fed d 7 SU 7 

dd 1 ' dfefe dd dkdW d 1 " uftfeul d i 

14 . fedlAH (Cygnus) — 30 (Wat; fed HfetdH 
d Ud 7 USH Sd Hfed d 1 d I cT 7 H dldF fed fed feifet 

d - dt fed a 7 ufod 7 dd 7- sta ( i ) a r 

15 . dHTT (Vulpecula) — 25 adfet ; fed fedl6H 
d 06 ' d'ocn dldl 1 d fedd ddT fed Hfe"3" d 1 

16 . ufad 7 (Sagitta) — 16 Hdfet; fed dHH dt 
doffed 7 d dddfed (Altair) dd d feddd Hfed tl 

17. d flfed 7 (Aquila) — fed HfeS 7 d fed 
nfed d i ddra fear fen fed dt d d dddt d ! fed 
d 7 Ufdd 7 dd 7- ddcUfSd (1), fedldd d 7 tdH dt 
ffrfegr- (Lyra) d T %3F (Vega) fed dHaftd dd fedt 
fecT feafe Hdltd d?7 1 

18. ^<“>6'fertH (Delphinus) — 31 rjrt'dl ; fed 
dcX fe«' d UdH fed d'ol'H dldl 1 d 06' UrT d'fdd 7 d 
djS S33T 7 feufef fddT d I 

19. feoTfttdd (Equuleus) — 8 ddldd; fed 
UdFdd dt tddrfeTdT d dd ?dtt, dftdd td d 
dtdd^ dt fefd d ddfd d 1- d I 

20. HdOd (Serpens) — 9 did; fed t HcTUHd 
dt fed, t ddF fed t^d 1- 1 1 fed d fed d fdd 

fed dd?d tfetfed dt ya^ fed dddTtd dt 
ddUUd did I fed dt US' ddUUd dt ddfew d 
fedoTd dl fed d dt ddl fedSd dcfdi - fed dUfd 
d?7 I 



21. dd (Scutum) — 1 ddfet; fed ddUd, 
ddfed 1 dt did d fed dfed d I 

22. d'fed' (Lyra) — 4 ddfet; fed fedRdd dt 
dddftd d fedond dfdd d I fed d 7 dft dHoftd 1 " 
3d dfefed (1) 1 1 fed d r i d T d-d T d-d T fed r 3d 
ddjt Sd3T d ddUccrtl (Short period) did 3 T fdd + d 1- 
Uftftddl 

23 . <Jdo(«ttH (Hercules) — 13 tJcd ; fed fdfed 7 , 

ddUUd dt c<3*' Hdfefod d fedoPd dfed d I fed d 
dd dddtt dfe fedt dddld d?7 1 

24. 5ra?d tdfefed — 19 Hdt; fed fdtd dt 
d3dttd d fedoddt d^dd* - OTT fd?5d ddU dcfd d 7- 
d T cTdy<5 T t'd T dl 

25 . td (Draco) — 24 Hdt; fed ddTT ddfefed, 
dayttd dt fdtd d tfed dt wy dUd-fedt d dfe 
dfed, fedftd dt fdT? fedfe" 3 T 3 T- KSd d I 

26 . HatCT (Bootes) — 2 Hdt ; fed tftd 1- , ofdTd 
Sdlyfew dt HUd fedt TdW furfed 1 " dfed 1 " dd 1- KSW 
d I fed d^-ksW d 7- Ufefd dd 7 dWpd (Arctu- 
rus) (1) Q ddt deu-dlt d dfddd dHcffe dtdd 7 
fed dtiT 7 dd 1 7T dUd 7 1 1 

27. ofttd fetabdfe (Canes Venatici) — 7 
dQd; fed dVd-fedt dt US d dcS" 7 ?iW (Norma) 
SddFfraidrtl 

28. oT’d 7 Hatstadter (Coma Berenices) — 2 
dUd"; fed fetatd T fe' dt dftd 7 d feddd 
dfeddl 

(a) afet-dsa dt dutt-ys d tusatt d r a T - 

Kdd — fey 7 d^-KSd 7 dt dfed 7 47 t dt fed 
fkddfofud 0(5 : 

1. fear (Orion) — 13 ddda - ; fed dt d^d 7 - 

ifed 7 ?dd SUd ddoftd 7 d I fed d dd dddtd dd 
atadd (Rigel) (1), HtadBd (Betelgeuse) (1), 
Hdfedd (Bellatrix) (1) dt IdfeS (Saiph) (2) ddl 
ddoftd drfed 7 dt d feyoi'd fdd dd" ddoftd 

d 1 i~d d 7 dt fecT aif 7 d I 

2. dtuS (Lepus) — 14 ddHd; fed fedT d 06' 
fed! dt tdd 7 (Columba) d feddra dfed d" I 

3. dtdW (Caelum) — 1 ddHd; fed dfed d 

dud, tdd 7 dt safe d fedara, ufed dt dd dt 
d sa 7 , dad au 7 sfe feufet dd sw d^ HSd a i 

4. dd'd (Dorada) — 17 ddHd, fed fedT d 
Hdd §d dfed dt fed 7 fed dfed d I 

5 . IdfedK (Reticulum) — 19 dSHd; fed td 7 # 
dt dfetdd (Hydrus) d feddd dfed dl 




SSr-HiJS 



374 



6. 0 ' Ste y r (Hydrus) — 26 »R3W; fes 
dZfettH S SdS fes HfeS fSSH W? SS 7 - 
Hs$ S i 

7. SS-«dilMH (Horologium) — 10 ?feHS; fes 

fy Tdef'cSH , sfeyr ms dslsW s fedd'd Hfes s 1 

8 . fefdd'AH (Eridanus) — 10 S#HS; fes fHHT 
S' d'fedA SS S MdsT S' a HlcH 3 oT SS SF sTdM 7 

st lUHsr urafer saft ferrsr sst' fast si fen s' w 

SS dofdcVd (Achemar) (1) MS ofdH' (Cursa) (3) SS I 

9 . .d'dScfH (Fornax) — 2 ?feHS; fes fyfdsJ 'cSH 
HfeH MS eir^ofn (Phoenix) S' fedocd dfed S I 

10. Hfeyr (Cetus) — 1 MoldHd; fes fefeTiTT 
SSAoTH, feW-ft (Sculptor) MS Hfe S fedd'd Hfes 
Si feyr S Hd SS Has (Menkar) (2) MS fess 7 
(Difda) (2) SSI fad S 7 Hfe 7 (Mira) SS 7 fea 
sfaMasft SS SS 7 S I 

11. ffafet (Sculptor) — 26 HSHS; fes rtfes, 
StfcToTH' MS yfefet Hfe cSS feltSM 7 SfeM 7 S I 

12. SlfsSH (Phoenix) — 4 MoTgW; fefeSHST, 
fefe 7 (Tucana) MS 3TH (Girus) S' fedd'd - Hfes S I 
fes S 7 Hd SS 7 ?Tfes MS SScT (Nair al Zaurak) S I 

13. SaS 7 (Tiicana) — 17 HSHS ; fes Sfe] sfH , 

spr ms ^feofH s' fesa'd nfas s i 

14 . M^orfyr (Octans) — feTT fed SdSt S¥ S I 
fell ffet fes SdSt M'dUdfe S 7 ssfet SdSSS' SS 7 - 
HSSSI 

15 . SIS (Grus) — 28 MSTHS; fes ^d^ Hfe MS 

ssfe 7 s’ fesas yrfes s i fes s 7 Hd Ss 7 mw ?sfes 

(2) S' I 

16. rfest Hfe (Piscis Australis) — 25 MSIHS; 

fes nas s sas fes yrfss si fes s 7 ufiw ss 7 

SHSSfe (Fomalhaut) (1) dSFHH S' ?3oT SflSWS 

slfes 7 fe fays fes s i 

17. H'dl^hddtMK (Microscopium) — 4 
MSIHS; feS HS, Has MS SdSt Hfe S fed'd'S Hfes 
feoT HSS 7 S^-HSS S I 

18. ftfeH (Indus) — 12 MSTHS; fes HHS S 
• SdS fes fe^HH MS HAT ST?" fuffSM T SfeM 7 S ! 

19. dt (Pavo) — 15 SSfet; fed HS S’ SdS 
fes nfes S feyr S T Hd SS 7 HS (Peacock) (2) S I 

20. tSHSdfefK (Telescopium) - 10 tHW'dl ; fes 
HS S' SdS MS HS S' fajSS dfe fed tfes 7 SS 7 - 
HSSSI 

21. old A 1 MSSfalT (Corona Australus) — 30 
BS; feS US MS SWHSdfefK % fedd'd SSH - siSM^ 
S' MSS SdS fes M^cPS S T SS 1- HSHT S I 



22. ’fts 1 ' (Ara) — 10 SS; fes feFSS fe UST € 
sfe fesfdw 1- s^-hss s i feyr s 1- ss ssr m 1 ^ 
stsf fes hsts s i 

23. SW (Norma) — 19 HSt; fes feffSS ^ 
SdS fes SSS d‘ fdM 1 " SW d'd'-HSS S I 

24 . c 1 fe'AdjrtH M'HdfttH (Triangulum austra 
lis) — 23 HSt; fes f^Hdol S HSS SS SdS fet 

SHsffe sisM*' fe fesr fessr s mtsps ss 1- - 

HSWSI 

25. dS 7 (Apus) — 21 HST; fes <rfeMBTW> 
M T Hsfeyr s sds fes mwtt ms ife fss ferisM 
SfeM 1- SST-HSS S i 

27 . HdHlAH (Circinus) — 30 MSTS; fes fefdy 
S SdS, 0 feMSTOH MHSfer MTS H ddH (Centaurus 
s fesops nfes §ss sisnf fe fes sty sd^ s ! 

28 . SSSF (Centaurus) — 30 HSS; fes feSM 
S SdS fes fes SHSfes STS 1- - HSS S I fes S T ufes 
SS 7 sfes fesss (Rigil Kentaurus) (1) HSS feMPS 
SHfefS S MS ssfe S sssfe S^tSM 7 fes feof S I 

29. ^foTH (Crux) — 28 HSS; feH HSSH ^ 
dfSS MS S' fdM 7 S Ad dSH fes, SHoffe 
s r fsM 7 s' (+) sddi 1 si fes s s# wv> m t opt 
STSF S dSS fes STfSM 7 fe felSSt HSS ufe S I 

30 . HHoT r (Musea) — 30 HSS ; fed #e<H S stc 

sys fes nfes s i 

3 1 . ord«cH (Corvus) — 28 HSS ; fes dtcS'M 7 \ 

ss 7 fes yn-ps sssstT s msts sw si 

32. fss (Crater) — 12 HSS; fes feur S 
f^STT S Sfe ofSSH # HS dfe Hfes S I 

33. (Hydra) — 15 HSS; fes oSa - i 
S5 7 MS SS SS S safes' s sys S Hf s a fssd 
sa (Spica) IfeSM 7 sfeM 7 SI feH S 7 dfes 7 SS 
MSSHS (Alphard) (2) 3SJ75F (Regulus) S US 7 S 1 

34 . PfoiHdH (Sextans) — 22 .lodddl ; fes fTW ’ 

us 7 d'yfa ms asci' s fesas yrfes s i 

35 . Jjfe^tM 7 (Antlia) — 23 SdSSt; fes 

s sys, ^sda ms (Vela) s fesas nfes s i 

36. ^S 7 (Vela) — 13 SS^ft; fes MSSNf 7 ; 
sds fes fea fssfds^ 7 ss t -hs?5' s i fen s 7 a 
SST MSPH SSF fes HSS 7 S 1 

37 . vfdF (Puppis) — 8 fes afes HS 

s sds fes yrfes si for s 7 as sst npasr sra 
fes ypHS si 

38. a’d'feA' 1 ' (Carina) — 31 HAddl; fes dfe 




3 BOTT ffeB 3 I for B 7 UldB 1 BOT 7 MdIHd (Canopus) 
BH3 3fBd r vT TTtBBBHHtbGbMtGb 7 #! 

39. dTHlttlMTT (Chameleon) — 1 333; fed 
tB 7 3 H3B 33 BOT feB, OTcT 7 MB ¥3T TT 7 ?? MGm 7 
dfeM 7 3 1 

40. t?#3 (Volans) — 18 HcWdl; fe3 
3 7 >#?#M?7 MB UfOT 3 feBoFB nfed 31 

41. feloidd (Pictor) — 16 3HH3; #73 5T r 3 r fe?r r 
MB #33 3 fe3"d? T 3 H#33 3 1 

42. fU3#T3 (Pyxis) — 4 .dd^dl, fe3 
uftlH MB cTd 7 #^ 3 feBdPd T#HB 3 1 

43 . orfSTT H'tflftd (Canis Minor) — 14 t-lo^dl ; 
fe3 fHH77 3 3B 7 HfHB 31 fell B 7 ufUB 7 B^ Onfed^B 
(Procyon) (1) 31 

44. HtSfrldfe (Monoceros) — 5 i-l6Fdl ; fed 
tfefT 3Et?73 MB ##73 H33 3 fedoCd nfoHF 3I3T 7 
§■ cT33 r dlEM 7 WMB 7 3 1 

45. 3#3T W33 (Canis Major) — 14 BTT^Gt; 
fed #(3T 3 333" fefB fBTSftjB? 7 d'd'-HsJB 3 1 #7H 
B 7 SOT3 B^ OT B ^ BM^#^ 3 1 

46. ffWH 7 (Columba) — 18 BHH3; fE3 fH3T 
tf?7H H33 MB UfOT FFW furfdM 7 THEM 7 #! 

47. PfFF (Meusa) — 14 33H3; fE3 t?#3, 
BE 7 # >33 3 T 3feF 3>K T 3 T furfdM 7 GfEM 7 H3B 33 
333" feB 'FffH'B BOF-HBB 3 1 

3.U.-f#.fe.t. 5 : 369 • 

fed H'U-Hdld 1%3 H '3 =£ 'ttl BoT 
HBM feHBdl HdtfeHl 3 7 3 ddlM33d Bt 

Hdd'cbl, 333 H¥3 r TT Gt UB3t MB' 3#J3 Gt 3B 7 fit I 
fefT B 7 f36T3 30# dldtl'H Gt S' MOjGtM 7 ^B 7 f%3 
?t offer fr| 

CT.U.-ftJ.fe'.t. 5 : 372; H.f . 

: fE3 3W 3 oraTFBoT 30T 3 fecf- 
H3Tg3 j%3 feH 77 3 BMfW^ B 7 333-333 3 
fGdB 7 faH3F 3W BH 7 Gb ^fBTMT 3 1 UE 7 ^ 5333 77 
3 T H#J3 12^t. H3t 3 MB fcB dfenfo'M 7 BMB 7 
HtFfUB cfiB 7 feTM 7 fft i feB 3 3# 3 Gdd'fecPdlM 7 
B BE 7 Ha^cStH' Gb HfHB oFHcSBddl # fettHB ofiB 7 ! 
14?t H3t feB fe3*dld 3 E 7 # B fefT Gb oTHB 7 33 
foM 7 MB for S' MOTE" feoT 33373 3 3 iBBF I fell 
if 3 337 B fe3 few ^TFUB 3 TOBFT 3 MBiB 
oTHB H" feM 1- ! of'^d B 7 333 M3T HBTTB <^Fj 
33^3133 3 Wt 3 3 IBB 1 ” tBIM 1- f3B 3 1659 3t. 
f^3 Bf33 MB B"3t33 W fe?T yB'fe^ I H3 1761 
f¥3 U33 M75t 3 c[%W ^33 B UfUBB fe3 B'dl^ld 3 



OwtBTd' MCft3 fBTFi H3 1830 fe3 tPBBVT B 1 " Wt 
HH3 B 33 fBdffoM 1 ' MB §JT 3 Hdl'^B f%3 33F 
fBTT LTfeM 1- 1 §H 3 UB3 3 1834 3t. BB^Tfw 

BTB3B rFBt 33t 33 1 B^ 3 33 3 30# 77 W 
f33t 3T3tl fe3 HfU3 1899 3t. f%3 3W% 3t 
0T33 Ij##! 3feM ir ! H3 1870 f%3 fe# TjBWfBoT 
Bi'dl 313tl 

MWt - 25,364 (1991) 

13°43' f. f33.; 75°49' y. 33. 

3.U.-f^U.3T.ffe. 23 : 251 

d T B Muf, fj^j- jfl- 

feldd 1 ?333 3 H3 77^3 BoCdlM 1 " iF3 3 H3 ufenf, 
fBTJT Mf>{BH3 f%3 fUB 3 1- 3fUB 3W H# I fe3 
MBJBt 3Ht3 ’B 33# BBB 1 " MB 33 cT3 felB 
B33 1 " 33 djdd'el W IT3 333 r BfUB 7 !#! MBJBt 
33H 3t f33B 1w M 1 # 3T3 3o# 3t WBIB-lFBt 3t 
3t 0J33 1 " f# I 

fOT 3^ 3 3f#B ^ 37#H HOT 3^ 3 feoT 

3 3^ fOT 3 MB M r ^ BtHM 1- #T §B 3t HfeM’B 
BBc# U3t 3 3#HH 3iHt)'d 3 MFfB Uf3 IF «3t 3 B 1 " 

Bf fHUl 3 #3 HHHKOT §" f3»'K r l3B r MB 

fed 1 fer Gd Q)i 3t 333 Hd 1 fed 1 of33F I Mdlrt f33 
B 7 ^" d'g #TUf 3 ##1# 3 feo7 3# 3 33TW f%B 75B # 
UW IFBt BoT B 37#H HOT B 7 33 BfHM 7 1 #TU# 3 
Gh 3 r feH 333^ t cfBW cfd - fBB 7 MB 3B5# §H 3 
fUB 7 f Hi! l3Bt I 

feH B HfeM 7 ^ G 3333TB f333?#B 3 ftTUB 7 
UfeW 7 B 7# fW 303 #3 ^HB 7 ?#, TO 3 HH3 r 3 
§3 30# BBT fHUT 3t 331# o#3t I HH3'3 3 G# %3 
33 B3 ? 30# B3 fHW S' f3T3B 7 d cT3 feM 7 MB 
1743 Gt. f?3 fe3 S H7#3 ofiB 7 felM 7 1 WZt BB #TUT 
3t HVRT 7333 wTdd fey SB tl'rH'd 3 UOT, H7#3 3T3 
oTTOHHHB 31 

3.U.-3B 7 . 3T.U 7 .; ‘fHU TOfe fUMOT f#ui 3 7 3 7 ; ffW 
Hd"fe B MO : Hdi fifUT Hldrt 

d'd* : ytB — fe3 OWB 33 B 7 Gb#!" 1#B 3 
fedd 1 1975 Gt. t%3 Htj'fUB dtEM 7 ! fe3 B 7 377 
OTdSW 5,348 B.fer.)#. (2,065 B. )#77) MB M T H T 3t 
659,100 (1991) 31 fe3 IfB 3 §B3 f%3 MTiH^dT 
B M05B33, U3H fe3 3'c('*.d, 3OT ffeB ^7333- 
B #SK fed fyddl'H (Bydgoszoz) 3 7 3 7 Gt 
H333 773T3t 31 feHdtt 1 BfHM 7 3BT 3t lfe># 3333 
3t Ho<tf fe3 <^dl3' 3 33" fe fe# #3 ^3 313M 7 
3dlH r , B33CT77 MB otGGm 7 (Fryba) si# 3771 feflT 
UB fe3 3373, 3333 MB 3^ 3 H3B 33 #B 3?7 
3B fer 33TB MB 3773B oT3t 37# 3# 31 y3# 
HoTE3 fe3 B3#3 7 BfGM 7 MB 1FB 3 lfe># f3H j%3 




376 



nSS : H fdd 

ffendw nfnw fe Fm Fm amt fnnn-wnsF uferft 
nun us i fen ufe fet utHsru dH'fedcf femnns, gs 

UnfnUT, HHtTT 7 fe U373 feWH UHS, WU 7 ffed'fel fe 

3 r w1?7>H i ' ufe untnmt ffe ww n i ufe fe feufet 

fHU fen feHdW tfeUW fe cffe fe HfUH dfert Hflld 

. Ufe fet HWt HUTUSf U 1 fen Hfen tTEffer fefnTWTTt, 

nUdcSlcxH fet 7173H HHf H Uffe fen fear nfewfet 

Hdddl'U Uffe 375% fectH'cS %t HI fen Hfen ufewnm 

H 7 fear UHU ?t ll fe{ Ufe ^ ^g- utfy ^fgg- 

•» »\ 

US-UTHHSUH, HUnfoar Uffe mUS* I fenu fUddl'H 
Hfen fe fefeU %75 40 far. iff. SU Flfet feTO% 57U 
fet w nt fan nfe nun gu fen nfet 200,000 usn % 

Mdfel W '*>{3 <Jd<V tto( 1 S 577375 o(d ffed 1 fUTUf 7 5-ft I 
U.U. - *kK. fa. W. 11:861 

d"dcS : Hffes — fey USS % fefenf fefeut Ufe 
3%?7e T d i i4u i *l Hftfanffen^feHfeTnnffewfenfe 
fefe HfUH H 1 fefecSl cVdld'S 1230-31 fet. fen fet 

fam y<£'Q<i huts nfeu ffefen f^Hftfa>foguT 
feu fear ufetr ¥UW fefeU fet US 7 fet I 377 1233 fen 
fen s nfeu nunf nm urfticnu ujun ara 75feurfe 1236 
fet. fen H33H 7 Hfen fet W few aftfef Ufet I fenfet 
ant feu feus nfeurfuar 75fer feu wm 3 fuiwuife 
TTfedfenn Fm nun arus nut wuu 7 HHunt 
HU 7 UUS 7 am fefe 7 ! HS 1454 feu feGdfel 737377 
iran n feiw urfe 1466 fet. feu fen Hfen ufefe % 
UHU US' fear WTFU Hfen UW'fFiW fUTW I USS % 
3 ^ % Tffedpn us fen nfen wntw 573 % 
ynn pns nt i fe7 1793 fen unfers fen Hfen s 
>Hnfe-^nfefen5fnf75>>f r >>fe' 1919 ut-fenfennlnn 
usfe § ?nn n fen 7 1 

nfe»ffel' HtTuum, fe7 yfe" hsbt e nsnr7 s 
feff'^ T fen nfen fe°r nfwnw fenn %t ni fen 
Hfen trafe fe^wiTt, srun^Torn ^ nTTn-ners %f 
ni fen 1945 ut. fen wins nr 5fej3fe>cr ^TTfedfefet 
Hnfem ntnt nfet 1 Hfen fen nn fefepxnTn nsfe - , 
Tffnfen ura+ s few ^ 1 n nfenn %t" 377 i i 3 %f nnt 
fen nn nn ho* n nun fen nsn nfer nn n 
% 3 fefe ufefer fen fen ufet fen ngn ni fen n 
ds? 1 fedl Gn n nr' fen §77 htt^ w fem tn fn>>m 
nuTT 1 " nmn nsi 77 % OnMdi* fen >Hfn Hfenn, 

fertdd'feotH, Tirt'rt n 5731477 fen 77575t 3H S 
fe^fn oftn 7 ' nun - , nurtn im yfe" fen fesm o?n77 
n Qniiidi' nun nfe77 nun ufnn n nsr ni 

73 T n T n1'-2,02,400 (1992) 

53° 2 ' §\ fen.; 18° 33' U. fen. 
cr.y.->?m. fe. ho 11.861 



d'dTO (Astrolabe) : — fen 3lfe 77%nfe (53175 

fnn T ) yd fni^m w 53377 Tfet nn n irnt? 

•» •* 

fefePHTTn nnu - ni fennt 9rr n.n. 240 fe. y. fet 

nTTfet nnfe wfefeffefn »ffe 150 fe. y. feimnn ? 

fefe HTfe fefe n 1 nun fen 15 fe". Hd'yfe e»n = 

fe % isfe nd'dfe e nu fe fen fenu nunn 

tH'ddl'fe (ntTfer) fen unfe unfed nfeyri u'dd t 

nfen nnfe unr fe few fe fen fenu nnn unn nt 

feyn fen >nffen n fenn ngn U77 feife ?w>n7 

535U cS'dldfe fenjfe fenU77l 

unfe to fen fen fenn fenst nt ufe feno 
(dHddl ) n yu fen nn 7- nt fe fen sfe (ring) <v « uut 
fent nt 1 ffenn n feTfe (ferfe) n fenrnfer (feurfefer 
5ifed oftfeiW unt»T H77 1 fe'Hd fe fefen (Centre) i 
feoT HW' (pointer) 75UF un 7 fet I WnffeoT CfHT fet 

755 m fet fe fen fenu fefe urn fet urn nunut t 
worn fe Hfefew fen 75nr few fen §■ num 753 
fejn fen %75 r rtfdiw ufe n 1 fenfe feoi few HHns 
ufe n fen fern 36o°, rifem yfetw n<7 yfe fent 
fenn n nf fen tynn nfet nfet ?5uft yfet ni fen fun 
3ifn cTnnfe fet Gnfet (nynnt nn n) ttois n fe- 
wfefe^i nn fen n fern %nnynu77>>fn fenc'd 
wfe ufe n 1 fen wn fun fen w nw-Ksfe ufe 
nfet nam fe fefe-Hnrfe fet TTarfet ufet fen fet nnnn 
75nft nfet n 1 fen nf ufe tynfet w narfet n i 

fen 77 m ffe77 fe nn nn fet un 1- Tiurfeui 
W H 5 ?nr g-| yfffer 5TO77 75fet 0^175+ 3333 fet fnfe 

w Tunu'dl' feun oitnt 3 rfet n ufe fen nfet nan 
dHddl f%n nun fe fen ffen fe num §■ fnn una 
fens unmfenfet fet ncr ffen ffewfe»F n+n 7 ni ffe 
fen §■ fefen TTur fk? 5 fet ufet ntr fe femfenw n an 
Hnfenn h %75 nfe ?fe fnn 7 run 7 n uin Hnfena 
dHddl ntfeuf fwfenni 

ny.-uts. few. 1:654; fe.fe.n. 5:372 

SfeTT : ffen nnfe n 7 fear ffefnnnar ufe 
nffewnw unn ni UTTnnnfnint cmn f%n nn nn7 
unfertnt wnnnF uin ufefer n fdd'feHl winm nn 
nt, fen nn unn nsfetufe mfetufe u%75tw Tint fe 
fnfen nn n ufnu yn - nt i ffen ufnn fe feun fen 75^7 
wfet fe fe% ufe nfew ni ffen ffen umfernr 
ffeununfe fe wufsar fem ufe ufe Trnrn-fe-Hi 
ffeununfe fe fun whs n77 1 

3ns am ffen ffen unTTtn n ffear uirfear arnfe 
#rn un - fe ufe fer 7 fe 77fe n fe ufe ufe nnnfe 

— o — •« 

n 7 Fife fuw ni ffen unKci ufe fent nfet ffen un t 
nn wnffeFi wnm fe ffenu am ffen ufe ffen wffeut 
nfew urfe 7 ni unfet nfet ffen ffen ffenurn 7 fe uu 
ffen Hum am few few 1 ns 507 ffen urn amfetr 




377 



397 



77 3F77 f99 feWET 9 39T ^ 913 ofte r .3 + 3R77 
<od d d'H 3 1 " fun 1 y<± f3T9f r I fen ci'b f9*j olrt'^ln 9 
?W f99 331 §1 93 39 3R77 3R 9 7 3f SdR 7- 
3fe9FI HF'cScl 9'Q'd 1 9 39^3 lT93t9F £ 333 

S' nfsP'tftS' y<t'0e f99 ^dd <ddi9cS uTyof i 9f3<r 3 
fefe §1313919 'do! 9R §• 9U'fe9FI 7?9l33l 3 33 
wr f%9 for §93 ‘TO? §1 3SRT’ 913 §3 9 9 T 33 t 
W 91 fU9 r d' f3ZF I 1091. H3t ffe9 feff §U3 0139' 9377 
H3l 913 913 3 d'Q'd' 1 1999R 3U133 FTTR 1 " 
IWI 3333 3 fefeu 33 3 1205 El. f99 3R77 S 
3W UFTS 93 fWI M 1360 f99 f§9 3 f§9 
Ut»R 3t 33t 3 r 333 1 " 3 few 9f3 939T 913 
f33T33 fedol'd 33 fedU'dd 333 3391 33l Fdfesl 
3t M 9f33R feF S 33TT 9R-UT3 3fU9F f3T9f- 1 3- 
H33 33T 9397 9'dMH 339 1 3 fe3 3 9faRr 

UW W 1- H3 T fe>H r l 33 1700 f99 JrTljl" fe'd 1 fVdJH 3 
fefe 333 3 933Wd 33- 335 (33 fefe W fed'H 39 
fi-tO 1 feWI 33 1790 f99 .dd'H 3t <7 ‘dl 3337 IF3 
S 333 93 t33 T fSPH 1- 913 ,<Sd'H f99 feURdHR HR 
did I 759'd , 9l'sid 913 33 td(d9r r feh 3t 377 feoo-fl 
939 331 

fefe 3t 9HRJ 9F3 7 9l d 75 fed H77 3 RoT 3t 31 
339 9tfo3 93K 993 U9753 31 17 9l. 3§1 3 
Langue d’ oil’ fell 3t UWf sHF 3" I 

3.U. - ^177. ft;. HT. 11 : 871 

cfeW : 3Hfed 333 3 ‘377’ HR ^ 337 H93 
9few 3 ft-IH 9 r ftdO 3 39 3193 FTTfe-F s)'9 'OF 1 
Ftft 1 " d 75*1 93 cV 75 3t Hfrtot 3U f%3 d'Til 7733 9 337 
3ftr H T 33 t 3t faiRdl ofhdt 33t 3 >93 39" 7737 ut 
99 99 H3T §93 337 933 7F3 3771 333 %3 
7733 H'Hdd ROTR 337 3t §9393 913333 
fHU'do) 39 f99 FR9 FH3t 7737 K7§ 3 7 §1 3 1 977, 
9779, 19931, 99T93 >93 3977 1- 9Ff9 H3T §93 93R 
7F3 9>3 foFftJd VTdHT 9 fcSFf93 977^ 9 9F f9HF 
few W 939 3 T 3 3 337 9l39 3771 9R 
HW 3 UR 99l 3R" 773f U9 1- , 28 H T 33 i ' 3 99 9 
335 >93977 9331 773t c<ld 379 I 337 9l d36' 93 
IFSF 7 ' 9 HH3 3 39t 31 Vyda 7- S 9>9 Ft 3^ 

3>9 9t 991 3 991 fe9Rt fw 3 i 9 T 31 fe9 lydR" 
9t STTTT 1- f§9 Hl99 7737 9l3t 3^ 3 93 H3Tt3 f99 
9H9 33 3 f377 Uo( 'd 9t 75>9 39t 3, fed 75 dl 77>9 
W3 3t H T 33 t §t fdlidl 9l3t 7391 3 1 H3fl'3' f99 
337 9 r H339y377 3937 3 fb(QTd 337 3 fW H3ft3 
>993 T 3 1 H3fl3 f99 9ffe9 3 H33t 337 3 §939t 3, 
337 3t H3ft3 9 1 " dlfed >93 tfeftRRF" 31 337 f99 
H3Tt3 9t ‘HW’ >93 9337 f%9 ‘WW’ H77t 739t 
31 

337 yfW 99R 9t9F ^r'dlyf f99 939 TF9 



3771 fel^- 1%3f93, H9 >93 933 9Ff9l fe^ ^ 
fe77 r 9 T 9313, f33T3 >93 9313 9W3: 9 SR 7 " 39, 
fdd did' 39 >93 9'd did 1 39 779 T 3t>9 7 ' Hrtift 7 ' 
31Et>9 7 ’ 377 I 9fe77 99 r 3t>9 t feH77fe593 077 : 

* 1^- W3 H9RT3 39 3 99331 39f 5rf39 

3771 

* 1^ W3 39 dR 39 S 9F3t H9f Sffefe 

331 

2 

* 1- >9393 93 9 3R 39 3 f99T3t 39f 

9f39 377l 

* 397 9 9331 feTRK IScT (g^-) fh, 397t, 9Rl 
feFRI 9f3 9193377 KS 9+9 33 I 

* 3W 9Ff9 WW §93 993 93 397 9 
f77H"f93 HTT 1 ” 3 S9 T F 7 " F 75 9f39 377 1 397 9 5 75 327 
fe79 933 1 " 3H39 33 : 

“W ftR f33 1377 7P~ 9 9l 3 t fes 93 few I 

3W 9 93 933 3, 19779 3§ H9R ll” 

39 33 7797 : <9, d 7 ”, f9, fo (d , f977 dcS 9'" f377 ; 
93 33 7797 : ffe W qt, 3T, 9, 93, f93 93 57# 
7797 fOrt 1 , 3 1 ", Rjdddl , f99?73T, dfcfd , f9339, fdd~ 
f93, 39, oisi'rtd 1 9319 377 99R 99 377 I 397 9t 
Uf375t H 7 33 T S HH 9f39 3771 Hdftdd 333'^' 3+ 
399 9t 939 933 75^ 39§9F 773F 9 f3R3t 

oflfet 9*9t 3, 339 397 §t9F 395193 feyfdd 39t9ft 
377 I 397t 9 1 ' 9TK 919 3333 IRSd 17 9 3S 7 " feTlw - 
9 t 9 T 31 

U39 397 f'ett 9 dij 1 9 377 39 377 1 93 r 33 r 
7797 (5T9-93) ?9R 937 FTT 7 ’ S ‘33l’ 9f3 9977 fe9 
(39) 33 7797 9tR 9§ 377*" S ‘9971’ Iw 33 3 1 
9971 997t K 1 33 r 9 3S 7- fr(93 9 1- f9S ?7dFfe9F 119 
31 

‘33’, ‘39§’, ‘997t’ 913 ‘33l’ 9RRR 399 9 
‘f9391T’ (f33) 93l OT 7- 7797 33R 9R 377 1 

9F93377 - 339 397 9t ifejTTl 3 9fWt H T 33 T 
39 §3 9 T f39 9393377 FftFR 9^T Kf779f r flfe 7 31 

0“ddl Hdlld Ue'rtl f99 FRT 7- 77H1 33 1773 f33 

— * O 

393T odd 9*9 377, ftH9 >H 1 ftd 397 (3177397) 3 Pdd 
3^ felfl 33 7F9 3 



1234 . 


5 6 7 8 


W f3 f3 w 


W ft f3 W 


X 


2 




33* 



378 



9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


tF 

0 


f3 


f3 




3 1 " 

» 

3 


ffr 


fB 


CF 



MBW - IFBB 1- = 16 33^ = 1,5,3 M3 9 
¥f tl 



^3bT HBTt3 f?3 £ 3W’ (33* BBT?) 

M3 BUB iWt Mb’ f%3 ‘HBBBT’ (33* ¥^T) U3BT 
ofte 1 " iFB 1 " B 1 £ U*F?iT’ E 1- IF3BT ^BBt HBft3 UBB*!' B 
OBUE - BH3T 3^3*" ?5Bt oft3 r iFtF 31 

CTHt - IFBte HBTte HW 1%B £ SM FT BTBf 
B 'BW-p’ 3 CT3t felF TFET HP I feH £ UtT UoPB 
37* - H>F, Hd'aW, BEBF, flilftfeBT M3 BRfeFI 
MBTfooT ^33 TOt H3lt3 f%3 WBB OT ‘Hdd'^3 1 '’ 
crnt ube 3 o' mbu*3 hbt13 i{bbh?> #3 w feu 
fewfyd BM, fe'BB'B HIT BM >8# M3 f%3 B33 BM 
IHHdl BBT* B ndd'^B 1 fold 1 H't! 1 tTI i'tt' Bt d'ttlF 
f%B o( 1 fdt! , UcTB, 3B - , fl^UBT, BUBp, <+>oc , HUB, 
HH3, rdd'Bl^T, Bcf#, UHcTB, §33* M3 B3f, BBfr, 
U37F nrfe fwEt^ M3 ^tFBtM 1- fr^r 37* i 

33* b bh ife- (uw fcfiF3) h£ w b 37* fa# 1 
cTU*, f^M 1- , BBT, HW, MBT, UTTE^, iTfat, BTftr, B3T, 
Bel - 1 fefa fee 1 H T BBT, M3T, Ufat M3 UHBTB BWEp 
33* UBUft f#B WBl oft# TFB 377 I 

U3B3 ?W 3 UB Bfe fafaTF f#B tfiW 
fBTM 7 B" :— 

1. BBVB M3T B OT-iWff, M'd'dd'B, 
HBd'B, q>F3, 3^33 BIT, B3H33*, 3B3 33* Mrfa I 



2. fcOT MB! B 3 T ?5'-dW^ l d r , M'd'Bd'W, 

hube*, ihb 1- Mfa? I 

3 . BIF M3T B 33* - UtFUl' 33*, B3d3* M^B I 

4. BHBp M3T 3 33* - BtUBEt, dte'd’W, 
oftdd^ 1 Wfe I 

5 . H3TH HBft3 3 33* - cffdd^', BtBB 1 ", BUcT, 
BH3*T, UH3 nfrfe I BFfeB, ^377 M3 f?*33 B^F #U 

HWt»f ^33 3W el - BB73 M UB3 

>7l3or- H T 3B t 3W ftfe-fHt feB 

oTcl^ BHB B fw - UBU3 ^BBlt 313^ HBt 12 
«W W d'dd'H 1TOBT orfer iT^ B UB3 ftfBTO 
<^ddil fiddl'd HWt KEt 12 H'dd 1 B 1 " Bdd'W I^BBT BE 1 
Bl feuT >H3B 10 H'HB 1 ', 14 HPEB 1- >X3' 16 HTdB 1 " 
HHB7 3W iTO 1 " 1 1 H Bft3 3 BI3t 

HWIbB eT f3?v3 r HW c< 'd* B I 

HBfdBF 3t B3t W H3feHMH3 oTB7T 3 1 fHB 3TO 
f3B ^ HBIHE - Wf B fo[ H T 3B r ^ (5B 

3W) 3W EtHf HBitBoT d'B'* 1 ^' W WcT f%3 ?TT3 
Hoffw B3 I S’ H T 3B T H3 HTBB 1- >H5 H T 3B T 
WK >H3 3H H^BB 1 " W& 3W 3t»T Blt3 HWt»T § 
HB-fdlcidl »c( UH3 c(dt! B7T; ftT% «c( BTt3, fes>ft 
Bft3, 31375", HH3 >H3 37T3 HTfe U3 BBEtBT HfBBP 

(>^d d 1 W ' ) d'H 1 tilw Hdildoi d t) rt 1 ^ 1 3 d 
fear ?BBT feHH 3 m Bp UH3 5TB3 B3 fot 1 12 
H T 3B T , 14 H T 3B T M3 16 H T 3B T ^ 3W 
BB* 1 ^' g>T MSW BBB3, fWB, BIT SKBp $ UH3 
ofB^^ScTBtfdlidl 9B3UTBBI 

§"3Bt HBlt3 1433^ 3 UHB 3W W TOU 
#3^:- 



c3H H T 33 T 



1. 3 T 3B r 


= 6 


2. BUB 


= 7 


3. 3^ 


= 7 


4. BfUd'^ 1 


= 8 


5. BHUSt 


= 8 


6. BUBU? 


= 10 


7. |33 r S 


= 10 


8. Bdd'H’ 


= 12 


9. 3 T B3 T H‘ 


= 12 


10. BVTB 


= 14 


11. M T B T 33 T f5' 


= 14 


12. BHB 1 - 


= 14 


13. 3tUB3t 


- 14 


14. crBtHBB 


- 15 



33?t 4T?5t 



1 H T 33 T 3 


4H T 3B r ' 


1,4 


1 


1,4,6 


X 


1 


5 


1,3,7 


5 


1,3,8 


6 


1,5,7 


3,9 


1,5,9, 11 


3,7 


1,5,9,11 


3,7 


1,6, 11 


8 


1,3,7,11 


5,9,13 


1,4,11 


8 


1,4,11 


8 


1,2, 4, 6, 7, 8 
10, 11, 12, 14 


X 



feBMT ? gg fed 3r 

3 + 3 = (2) 

3 + 2 + 2 = (3) 

3 + 2 + 2 = (3) 

4 + 4 = (2) 

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = (4) 

2 + 3 + 2 + 3 - (4) 

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = (5) 

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ( 6 ) 

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ( 6 ) 

5 + 2 + 3 + 4 = (4) 

2 + 2 + 2+ 2+ 2 + 2 + 2 = (7) 

3 + 4 + 3 + 4 = (4) 

3 + 4 + 3 + 4 = (4) 
1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 +: 
+ 2 = 10 





379 



3R5" 



<FW 


VPH^ 


3Fft 


trot' 


^ ^ r 


Nd'dl ^sToT^ l^sl'dl 


15. fF33' 


= 15 


1,3,6, 10 


14 


2+3+4+2= (5) 


16. TT^t 


= 15 


1,4,8,12 


(6, 10, 14) 


3+2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = (7) 


17. 3l<S3'R 


= 16 


1,5, 13 


9 


4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = (4) 


18. IFTHt 


= 16 


1,5,13 


9 


4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = ( 4 ) 


19. drt^'sf 1 


= 16 


1,5, 13 


9 


4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = (4) 


20. filH3 


- 17 


1,13,15 


7 


6 + 6 + 2 + 3 = (4) 


21 . feH3 


= 17 


1, 3, 6 , 10 


14 


2 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 4 = (5) 


22 . >73373 


= 18 


1,5,7,11,13, 


(3,9, 17) 


2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2+2 






15 




= (9) 


23. RyHVfl' 


= 18 


1 , 2 , 3, 5, 6 , 7 


(4,8, 18) 


1 X 18 =(18) 


HF? - 




9, 10, 11,12 










13,14,15 






24. 30H3F3 


= 28 


1,5,7,11, 13, 


(3,9, 17,27) 2 X 14 = (28) 






15,19,21,23,25 





5or<jl'*P" S’ fwy]yt| ctdrt ^ FdT : 

1. fewfe H>H (Slow Rhythm) (WZ 3J3 1 ") I 1 555 2 555 3 555 4 555 I 



2. fe'fifyd R>tf (Slow Rhythm) : (F 3J3 1 -) I 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 I 

3 . HU Rhf (Medium Tempo Rhythm) : I 1 2 3 4 1 
HTJ R F f37T W 37T : F3I3, f33J3 >H3 S3J3 I 



1. F33 



F3T3 



n 

i 



34 

2 



56 

3 



78 

4 






1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 



1 2 3 

.oTfeTT AoP3l»r # f33 UoTO : 
1 . ^Wrlt 



1 5 2 



5 3 5 



, 1 

1- 313 
4 " 

(H^-313) 

2. RM 
, 1 

1—313 
2 ~ 

(ih? 3J3) 

3. 3 
,2 

‘3^ 



HW 



1 5 2 



5 3 5 



HTEra 7 



4 5 5 



5 5 555 



4 5 5 



5 6 5 



1555255 5355545 55 55556 5557555 



H T 33 T 




(U3 3J3) 
fey3 HFWF HUH3 33 33 : 



. 1 . i&3t HF? U3F5T f^F ‘RUf’ Ffrr HFJcF W3t §F >K<W3 HFR tTFt»T 33, U3 f33t U3Fft f?F 
mfFRF WS\ fFiy R3f 1 




377 



380 



2. 30dfl d'tt' fed ‘0 1 Wl ’ Adi ddl , ffclH o(do( 

tow fwr 03 utt, §33t»r 37 of»r (mi) w oofor 
g3t»r ott, uoo ©“ddl 3w ffeo ‘trot’ w f&i Hfot 

3lf^5^feTf^m,3^,y^3W3 3t3^ 
073 fesT'OT H33 03 i 

3 . eo3t usTot f%3 uho ot feo nttPH 1- 573 
3 00 O ddi 3W Ot Hfw 300 3 §00 3 fiTH feif 
20/25 370 7ft R3-fU3 03 I 

4. 30Ot 3W OhT 071 077 TTOdfeo W3 

5X7 35 370 773^33 >03573 H33t 3, 00 

§3^0370f fefo 3W 3frT 773^ 30t Utft»T I 

5. 303f 3W 3 077 077 OI3t~#3 03 5703 
3^ 3t §3 Hfw 5X33 = 175 H33t O, 003 §30t 
33 037§ feo ‘0T3f-#3’ 3 r 30t fWH 30t, 003 
33 feMOd, Htr 3 333 3>H fe3 ?3 T l3»f r W HOW 
31 



§0033 fOT^ fw OOH f33 fo?} - dl'HdcS 3 
333 f33 0307 cfl3 33 03 073 OFOOt fd3 fdcy 
3 1 ” 0307, 303f f333 fed 0307 03 < 3feT" 108 
373 fe3 ofj3 T 3 t 3 r 31 

O ‘SW’ 33 f37§ f%3 H7TW003 3 feOfe feH 
3t>>F HOW 773t 33 >03573 3375^t»f 0f03t>>F 03 
f773 :— 

1 . 33330 33t fe3 ‘WO’ 3tOF ‘33’ H 1 33 

FTTOfOf 1 " 03 I 

2. fdHdd 773t fe3 ‘33’ 3feT ‘f33’ H33 
H7TfeF 3+3t>>F 03 1 

3. 03 33t fe3 ‘753’ 3t>>F ‘077’ HW H3t>0> 
Hfel'JF 031 

4. fHHO 3 T 3t fe3 ‘33’ 3^3 ‘533’ 5333 
HTOtOF 3 + 3fef _ 03 1 



H 570570 3 faT “30F UcT7§>>F 3 33 57H 3 OFOsT 
03 03” feH 333 3 fert'd 1 ' 30 35t 3f HH T 33 r 30t 
3, 73 l^W OO 1 , 73 57>73 T 3t, OTOt UtT 3 3 73 ot H73 
30031 

303t (303'03T) 370 OOHt, 



370-foot 3 f33 foH 0377 03“— 

O •» 



1. ITOdO 1- 


303 TO fWH) 


f ^ 


2. HW 


(303) 


o 


4. lOW 


(WH) 


1 


8. >OW 


(OJf) 


5 


12. HW 


(U33) 


3 


16. HOW 


(505013) 


X 



5. H3td3 773t fe3 ‘OTO’ 3fe3 ‘3’ 

HTtfer d'dloF 03 I 

* 330 3 070 3f ‘3 T 3t-f3’ >03530 fcSHfed 00 

fffer :- 

1. 33R30 3^ 3 H70 (33 H 1 30 t ) ‘33 f03’ 

2. fdMdd H'dl 3 H70 (f33 H'dd 1 ) ‘dfed’ 

3 . 03 33t 3 H70 (UtT H 1 30 T ) ‘3feo feo’ 

4. fHHO 33t 3 m (573 H30 1 -) ‘ddfa* 3fe? 

5. 57'dl03 33t 3 H70 (3 >3330 ‘doffe* 35 
3f5T0’ 



573 3W 3 33t #3 nfcWO (35) IjcFQ 





370 70H 


TTIdT 03 


370 T37y 




370 HOW 


1. 0W370 


335730 


1401414 


4+2+4+4 


= 14 




feHdd 


1301313 


3+2+3+3 


= 11 




ftlHd 


170177 


1+2+1 +1 


= 23 




03 


150155 


5+2 +5+5 


= 17 




Hdldd: 


1901909 


9+2+9+9 


= 29 


2. H3370 


335730 


14014 


4+2+4 


= 10 




f35733 


13013 


3+2+3 


= 9 




fHHO 


17017 


7+2+7 


= 16 




03 


15015 


5+2+5 


= 12 




H5ft03 


19019 


9+2+9 


= 20 


3. 1057370 


335730 


140 


4+2 


= 6 




fd5730 


130 


3+2 


= 5 




f)7570 


170 


7+2 


= 9 






381 






SM 


d'dl 9e 


=m fus 




cftt H73d T 




U3 


150 


5+2 ■ 


= 7 




ScfldB 


190 


9+2 


= 11 


4. SUB 7 ?? 


ddHdd 


14 y 0 


4+1+2 


= 7 




fdHdd 


13 y 0 


3+1+2 


= 6 




fHHU 


17 y 0 


7+1+2 


= 10 






15 y 0 


5+1+2 


= 8 




Ho(ld<i 


19'd 


9+1+2 


= 12 


5 . fddUS d'«> 


ddHdd 


1400 


4+2+2 


= 8 




fdHdd 


1300 


3+2+2 


= 7 




fend 


1700 


7+2+2 


= 11 




UB 


1500 


5+2+2 


= 9 




Hofid<b 


1900 


9+2+2 


= 13 


6. WTO 


ddHdd 


141400 


4+4+2+2 


= 12 




fdHdd 


131300 


3+3+2+2 


= 10 




f>iMd 


171700 


7+7+2+2 


= 18 




UB 


151500 


5+S+2+2 


= 14 




Hofldi 


191900 


9+9+2+2 


= 22 


7. ddd'rt 


d^Hdd 


14 


4 


= 4 




fdHdd 


13. 


3 


= 3 




fvnro 


17 


7 


= 7 




us 


15 


5 


= 5 




Hoflde 


19 


9 


= 9 


‘ yddldl-td’ MSHTO (MS' TOW’ B (25) UoTB fed 3f* HBB US': 




tfbT vTdu 1 - 


ddHdd 


fdHdd 


fHHU 


U3 Hcfldd: 



S3: fuUoTd' HTO ;T r J5' ddHdd fFHt ffe^ ftT3 3TF H5(liJ3;' fee - - 7JW elw = 9 HS o[ fotjfe 

U7TI fe7f OT S fdHdd rPSt fee - = 3 , 3+ flTg- >frggt »f§- figf ^ f%^T 

fdHdd tFdt fetT=7, dS H'dl fed = 5 , MB' dt!« tPddl I 

Sfeul’ e HUS' HHfte f%¥ H3 $ ¥tr ^U3 tTTO SoT-ftra' 3*3 : 

— *, •>. 

1. 3 T f5’:d T 5U r I IFflTS 1 ' I g r f3?7S T I 

2. W & : fTO I 3t 3f S 1 * I TJ^" ?7 r I ^fl" ?7 r I 

3. : o(fdd'^' I U T UtS T 3)' I S 1- $ f£r ?T I 

H 1 H d dl Hdlld fed Hd 3 *S<J ^ dd H'<5 "€'W d'rt : 

1. SUBS: I I UttftS r I3t?3 I tft ift ?3 I 

2. dora'ff : i fErfer. i to fddfsrd if ?b i^b 1 " i to fed fed qt?Bi 

3. dl*d'« l^fuf^g T |lFf&fnq i '|tT r i3'f3 3 T l Br fu fil IF I 

^ 5feft3 MB fSUB foftB ffeu ^ HB 3 ^ 3^ HUltB ^ ^ feB B^ Bt 

; €U3 rTTO Wrft B^B" cffddsF M3 dlod'B US I H ffi-fcF HUTS MB Hfdtfdl 31 5feB HdJU 







382 



;n33 (hw) feu feu ut ufeut BrFraw- 
uddHA ut get u 1 hw |u feu ‘nuftu ut Harr?’, 

U 1 !^ >H3 3 T W 3 T 3 c(d6l UTU3 UfU feu 

HU3WUt fer»F ft feu W MS' H33U urfeu uurat, 

3H W HAdd* Ul feu 33 Ut f>l?53 7 ' S' fe ‘H3T3- 

¥ r 351 nfdMdl1 Ufedl U 1- 3fe i 

*\ *\ 

-3333 feuf 37^3 



U 7 " feoT feHoT U I 3Wlfe TO irat TUFT 3 HH3 
3TO U’ fecTfeuf 7 S' fTTJT U 7 3^ 3 UU 3 1 " U3 7 
31 SlHfet fecTW- 3t 3fr HWUfeTT HUUcl W 

3 ufes t ufear U3 1 feu su feu tru ufddv ife^u 

U[3 HVJU 7 feu uf<J3 U3 I feu URIST 7 HUT 7 HH 7 UU r U3 7 
3(33 >M3 TO 3 few 3t IFKU 7 51U3 fe3 
ttdl'Qd U3I 



d'<6<4ftl , Vffet (Taglionl, Marie) : feu fedrtl 
3t HUTtU Ad jell Ht fdU 3 Udfef Udt 3 HU feu 

3 ^ HHfeol ^ 3 1- I feUUTUUH 23 Uflfe, 



fen U'dlVru [<sdc< 3 fo< h ^t yul 3 fen ua 
o(fert art H 7 i)ul 5333 3t U'&<* 1 ofdrt aT 7 US’ c(dA' 
U3 7 3 I §3 $ feWdl'dTU 3 fe«'?' r ffe- 

5rfe?3 3t UUSU 7 51U3 3 1 " U13 »FU3 H3 3 UUP 




3 3 fe >8313 US 7- 51U3 33, U3K 5133 U 7 HA 
H3 T fe»f r U3 7 31 fe<7 feW" 3 UlfeuFH a 
U'MS 1 d'3l 3 r H T UfH3 feuiddl 3t > H T 3H T 333 
HoldlH'ttl 3 3fet ftTF 5T33 >>ff3U Hfe cb-T 3 &F 
3 d'di o(d A H3, Qc^ r 3 ofd* 3 HM3U 3 felUf 
>H3 §3 3 #U 3 ufeuf 7 3 33 313 3]1U3 517 
?5UI 

3.U.-'^7r. tnt. 8 : 806 

d'feiU, dldUtJ* ftpll : U3fet U3 
>H3T33t 3 feT -feUU^ H'fedoTd 3 r 33H ' 
UfU3, 1911 3 H. 51333 few U33 3 U|3 fUi 
H351, ffel^ 7 H3TJ3 feu Sfe^l fe? 3 3333 
addl'd 3t 3733 f%3 >H T US T 33t fU3 fefF 3^‘ 

u 

U3 (fid<^' ttfU'H'S 1 ) SsS 3 feu W H3 1 H7 
1927 1%3 fe3 3 W?t, 1929 3t. f%3 ^(3. 3 
1931 3t. ffe3 3t. 3. U3T 3fet 3 33 W3 fel 

uni? 5ft3 T i fea 1933 t%3 tnw arwi 

Ml>13H3 3 >H313aft 3t %f. 3. ufefe 333 
U3T 5T33 P3 f W >K?3 fel 7 ! 1940 c 
1962 33 fe3 TO 7 ffe3 ttoldd'd 7 

f¥3 fUHtUW feU 1- 1 

fe S’ 1962-69 3332" fed 335133 

MAl^dfedl feu Uf3T33t fe3 3t33; 1969-7 



1804 St. 3H3 7 513Kfeu SfeUT I fe3 3 fU3 r 3 fell 3 
fefUfffet f33t >H3 1822 3t. fe3 feu fetUfTT fefe 
Uflfet Wfet H33 3 Uffetl fe3 UU 7- §3 U^ 7 " M 
fo(Hrf U 7 " cS'd ofUait Htl 12 H'dt) , 1832 3 fen 3 ufdH 
feuu 7- feU Unis' ferU 7 " 3 H3ft3-3 T 3 fed fey <sWl 
felHK 3 TUU 3t 3tU Ufet I 3U3 ftP>l 7 3 7 ' 33^3 U13 
1U3 HUdd HH3 fen 3t sUT fefeofet feHH 3t Ht 
feufet ffer H313 33I33T fcc< Htfl 351 o< ' H oD 
tSddoll^H 7 ’ fed HU3 V|UH3 dJl I 24 Ufl|3, 1884 3 
H%H3 (Marseille) feu fed 3t H3 S' 3fet I 

3.y -UI3. fe. H 7 . 9 : 765 

d'M'U fee*) (Talapoin) : feu 3fe, anre - , 
3teU T , fejfH Uf3 fefe3 3 M sufrfetuf 7 - 3^ feclHUT 




3J33U3 few 3 ! fK3 



383 



srola' yatafa, laaaHfHaa 



at. tid 1 * ajj 3Ma Mre fey HdWfe , Ui-ry 
gafeafeat asftdi^ fea ytaa ; 1973-76 #. fwa 
fey'ddHa W? fdwIdH HddltH , UrFHt ycSfedfHdl 
ufeni'rt 1 fed M3 1976 at. fey aia *'*0 1 3Ma m 7 ? 
fmf ^TT^ciTr f^re- gTst^frrst f^y- u^rra- f^n - 1 

d'frtd aw fesf'dl, UiT'H 3 a 1 ?! Hrt'dci'd Ha3, 

uwa gSfeafayl 'dsftdi^ at asa, Oh 7 # g?ffeafHzt 

UfeW at H(Sd 3 fesfloid, sf 'ddl faTWT life # 
yfeW fHHoTHcT cfe# W HW # fea 7 I a3 1976 # 
85 ##3 d'foy Oh 7 # MVifedfed] yfeMW a 7 I# 
fea 7 M3 1985 #. fed fen 3 3H773 tafey UE 1 ?^ 
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s.y.-Ht.cft.gu 1986; ftlrm W1S fM»>r-1991 

fentek, cr?jHt?rffe?r s^r 

(Tischendorf, Konstantinron Von) : fes 33H7§ 3 1 " 
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Mtfejf 'stoTH fHfi'fHdlolH’ 73 7V& SrfOTT 7 3OT SI 




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fed fed da'dfefeS d 7- 
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.HTbid fed fe dfetfet hife 
dddfe hfefe td 5^1 fed 
ddU d Ofe# ddd d 
fefeddFd 7 " fed dtl Hfedd 
3d 3 Ufdfet dd fed fe 
OTdT? 7 - d dd ^feTlt HFt 
1fe¥ dd- fefed Fdfel fel 
1516 3t 1538 ddd fed fe 
ofet dddcT fefed Hdfe I fed 
d ‘hfeddd W dt ddfed’ 
fefed 3 fed Hfegd dtd 1 - 
few fe fed . fed 
otfeiddfet fehldfet dt 
fed3 dl fed # feW 7 ^ 7 " fed 
d dd dd ufdd ddHcT fefed 
‘dd Ofed .dddd’ M3 £ Odd 



fedfed Hel<^d3 dTd^Hd fHfdfefd fed Odt ffetd dt 



FHT fecT FF EFftW W3 feH £ ofe fF3F 
FFW I feT H>f FFTT fel 7T FEt WFH-ctF fF3F Ft 
9FW frr? 1 ‘fefdT »PF WEdt’ (ff. 1555)l < U r feST’feH 

ft nrerat Mfe nt f fe fen Ft hf 3 ww 3 cr 

W few fen fel fF 3 F tfeK »HoFFFt fed SFF 

ufgw fi for Ft FBfefe gdir f Fcwfer ftf 
ipr^sTFt 3W-3FTt fF3d^ T <J T ' Ft ?few ft i for £ 
cfe FF F3FT fFF, Htf 3F F HFFt 5TCF fFF §F 
UFF?7 oTiFK c/ld 1 ftOT §" >MFT?fe{T fct?T HFtfe F 



ofl"3t F*Ft F fFH F 1 " fel feFF feoT few FFt ft W3" 
fet^r ?F fHFF ^orfesit fiWFH fFF Ft UFtfe FcT 
HFt ?F?7-gorfo3t ftWFH fFF Ft UFtfe F?vl ‘fc§F’ 
HHFF T l{f^^W T 5rF>>fe>HWFFfeftUFF3FFF' 
KHt oftF^iTOTFI 

HHFF fFtS+ - ftm HXFF F T fFS fiMfe 
FFfe WFF furf^F ftfe fer HMFW fFFF 3Ft PT I 

fey 1- ftrohr Fiffe $ fF^F Ftfe fFfe w eftNe 

>MF apH 1 ^ ' F oTTF-tFF’JF F ffefe F fetfF fed Ffe 





FFFTtF FfffFt FH fFF few fefe F’Jf'F 1 ' FFlW' fF3F 



FTHFF' f3cT5"*' Ft 
ftSt-FF Ftfe FrFF 1 
W fed F FFT" WFFF sffet 
TFFtF! IFfe WAJH'd fey 1- 
Ft»F F FFt^F FFtfe F7T : 
(1) few ffft f^fF, few 
Ftfe FFFtfe sFfe HFWF 
?7Ft UFtfe; >HF (2) 
HHFFFt feFF, few Ftfe F 
IFTfe EFWF FFtfe FcTI 
HHtJsTitt feFF Ft feT few 
feFK HKFFfe f^FF FFt F 
ft-iH Ffe 7 FPFfer FFfe" 
dd'tld dtilw F7T I 

W7WF # ffepfe 
Ftfe F Ft HFtfe FF : 
(1) HHFcft feFfe, fe^T 
%F fef 90° F 1- FF 1- F 
W3" (2) Hdds5et fcTFF, 
fer f%F §Ht # §F- 90° FT 
?fe FF 1 " I f3FgtFt feFF 
Ft >HFT feF §F-tF cffet 



yddfe FfeHt 3K feF fw fefer F>K T ? r ^'feHT fF3'd 

JT'Ft fSFFoTfe ^ WIFFFWr I 



27 >HF]F3, 1576 § tfer feF fepf Ft KF F 

gfe! 

0-.y.->>te. fer. 18 : 457; FH. >>iF. 13:669; FK ’fe, 
18:387; nlF. »ffr. 26 : 648 

fears’ : feT-difeF- feg n-JF Ffcffe F^tngr 
fufe M fen H^T §• fefe fe feFF fer Ffe F! 
HFT Ft few F W feK fetF F FHFF, 3fe 
Ft W^T-dFt fetF npfeHT Ffe F i ftfe fetF - Ft 
fFJW, Frar?7F feWK F feFFT TvST Ft feFOFH 





5W3®" T3FFT : (§■) feWfFt, (»f) HKFfFt, 

(E) HHfTTFt, (K) FHFEfe feSfe- 1 (%), (V) »fe 
(E) fegfetFt, (>jr) >fT§- (E) fef?7 FFt »fe (#) »ffw 
FFtfeFFTEo I 





feet £ : (§) f?7f77 3§t fete, 

lifTT '33 377 Me (M) mFUo( cfel Fdcfe FiHH F^t) fed 

33 90° 3 1 33 U 3 180° 3 1 life U 3 7 £\ 

fete etM 7 fTTfe Me 33 fex 3 M3T (MBtXfe) 
W?'fi 377 1 fex ITT §fe fete yet X?7t feet 3" 

fxs fete w mw Me for 3 htthv te £ fete 
w faye »rfw fee 7 9' i fete et ftxt et ww £ 

W3r xfoM 7 W H33 7 9x 3 HXee fete 7 XdfeTHH 
OtflM 7 377 i-ldd feo( Fd5<i 3 FdS M3T (MHtxfe) Fh< 3 ' 
ffee ufe ufc fecT WT |3X 33, 33t 3 fe?7 MSXfet 
W 3 33^3 9ei HtF tf Fdti' Xd£l31XX 33tM t 377 
e 7 fe?) 7 3 Xddsltt 33733 33 3771 33 fete 3 33 
ftft fete 3 M<5X'dl te 7 3 33*33 9e e 7 fee 
fete' HXdV 3FfeT 377 I fex F^HHd'«1 X 7 H3X fX33 
ydFrt^l XUX fee XXdrt Fdo(<; rt'rt et 3, .did 
iTfWFrt^l HW 7773 HHfU^ X 7 33t X3X ?73t 31 

gefefet xux fee Hxee fete x te 7 x 7 te 

180° 3 33*33 3X 7 31 W3'9^3tM?7 (Lobach- 
evskian) Me dtX'Sl (Riemannian) XUX 7 fee HXd'rt 
Fdte' 3 te^te^TX^e 180° fe M3 MX 180° fe 

tefe? 7 9x 

dlW Fdttf — FdH dirt tft X 7 6<J FdH 1 , 

feee 7 fe ?7 ee ^’FxFdM 7 (great circles) XtM 7 333 

XM'd' fufftjM 7 dFdM 7 o<^ ; dirt Fdo(<i fell 31 

333 7i slXfe MX Fdcy 3 of'd-Fx^M 7 £ fH 33 Fofd 1 
ri '3 9 " I sji-lfe MX cf T 3 -f 33 > H r F^dcCd 33 " old: dirt' 
fete 3 te 33 377 fe ?) 7 7 ? dlrt’oT'd te fee* TXX 7 
31 

X33 3fe X 7 M3e-ftM*X 1 3fw Xfe 33 ftx 
3T3 fete XtM 7 ftTWi- 3t WfeX te 7 3 33^ 
3t3fF ffl3# fer et»3 ftT^ 3 H7iH3 dfe # J*fe3 
§33 33fe 377 1 3fe fet? 3 §lfe et»3 173^" # 

HTT* - §t^ T 3 tl'FdFd'fe 3 3W) F^do('d 35" 

3 33 T 33 333 T fe 3 fe§ 3 t 3 > 3 f 3 H §tfe 
d'FdFd'H 1 ’ §fe 3 333 " odd! 733 t 3 Fi-I<y 3 r 

3133-^333 1 33 1 " 9” I 

3 fe fet^ 3 fe 33 ITT 1 ^ $ >H 3 T (WTtffe) 
fSTU 1 " iH ' td 1 3 bf 3 H 3 Wdd' 3 f 3 " Hdrtd 1 fTSt 33 3(37 ^ 
180 ° 3 " Ufe KfTW t 3%33 3 ^ 3 ^ 7 ^ ufel 

333 3 § >H 3 T fet f§HH 3 33 377 90 ° 

3 1 ufe3 t 3^90°3 1 ^rr33>>fe r §§fH3^ 1 ? i y' 
fBTH >3 33337733 feor 90 ° 3 i ufe>H 3 fr 3 90 ° 3 1 
^3 3 % I 

333 Fd5ci' 31" H <tl - ^ d HXdrt Fd5<t' 3t 

3f^ 3i offet 9^ I 337 fe§3 3 HH§3t 33F 9' 3of3 
ferr 7tfe HHcfe 33 1 3HH§3t 333 Fdcii §f33 
§3 HH33 33 377 I feoT d^HHdil dirt Fd d ct 3t Hd 7 3 

3fe 3F 3 f33 3 33^ 33t 9- 1 3 3tf35n3 



§33 q^t 33fef 377 33 fecf fd33 3 c 

fTft dlrt'cCd fd33 3t»T fri'sF f> 3U3o T 33 t 
Fd(^‘ S' §F ^>T f?3 3ftp>T fePH 7 3% I 3tT 333 fee 
3feT "dd r € i fe3 fe3 fTT 90° 3 y3 r yd 9fe 37 f 
333 fe§3 3bi‘dd drt 33t 3 I 

3.U.-^3. WT. 27 : 95 

ffey77 (Tikhon) : H77 1917 fe3 315Hfi 
^rfeF K313 1 fee gF 3f 3dfe T 3t 333 ^ UTefeFddT 1 
fen 3T K373 7P~ ^'fHrtl fe^fefee H77 T fe77 Htl f 
3 iTcTF 19 377^3t, 1865 £ UH33 3 333 

fey 3febfl yfUTF Ufe3 feF £ |F 3 333 fel 
oTfeTT bfe bCdddfeH Wf3 3 3W3fe377 >>rfe 
K773 3 feFcTe effe 7 U3 H313 1 1753377 7733 feF 3 i 
HtU 7#lfefT3 felF 1 - f^fefet lF33t Ht I 
ufe3F333T 3 33K 3f feffe>T linjF 3377 H3fe 16 
St. fee fee H 7 ^" fepvf 7 bfe fenS" bf r 7(3 T 77*" fe 
7F377 33 fe»3l §¥ 33 felW 33 H313 1 1897 

fee fee sefe77 (33 tfesr fee) fey feme 33 fer 
H77 1898 fee fee bfePHTT 3 1 " few 3f3»T »ft fe 
mfeF fferfee ufeTF F777 ^jfeHd fey bfe 1905 
3 1 fefew fey M 1 bwefe 7 fee ^ fee 3 yen ■ 

UTF TfeF |HF fa^TT wv ofFd I H3T3 fee ?7 fe73 

F^ffldfft brfe fee wdyfe^dK eee iFfee 3 

H3 1907 fee fee §H U33 nffeM 7 1 H77 1‘ 
fee 333-3Fi' 333 3H73 £ fee £ M'dydfeH 33> 
feyS^ fe^3M M§3fee US33T33 3377 75^ 37 
033^733 efeyr I H77 1921-22 3 5T73 33^ H3 

333 3fer eeHwfer ene 7 £ eee 3377 e fe 
fete often 33573 £ fee 3 U3?fet ireefer ; 

333 3X3 3377 e 7 533 e fewi feH3 fdj.gd3 c 

Se 3 et fee efefet 33 fee 33 33 fefe fepx 1 
fee §§ xeevr set 33 T feM r feTM 7 Me g?7, 1 
fee fee £ se fee 7 feTM 7 ! mw ypyet tfe 
fee 333 3 M33?7t FeifeM 7 £ xrtvfefe fee 

fee 7 ! 

7 Mi{3, 1925 £ nefe fey fen et xe £ ei 

O'. U.-^f3. fe. H 7 . 9 : 1008 

: fee 1 

37ft 3 ¥t Me ¥^33 feyfet e 7 esx 4 efe, 18< 
Hfe lifedHXddl (33 rt'fSTTdl'e) fey efeM 7 1 fe 
nee ufe fefeM 7 leue sftet Me yfe 3 fere era 
eer feM 7 1 X 313 1 fex £ |xt < 7 . fel fee ^t eer fi 
1920 feM 7 3 ee^ sTssere fee new £ 3 ft 

X3 T ytM77?7 7 3 H'Fddd 3I3U 773" Xfe oTfex 33 
MafetM 1 - efeefe- e yfe3 3 xerfeM 7 (0 
1922) Me W (Braga- 1923) fee feyffe £ f 
ee^ Mnfe - H77X?7t 33 eeee fw 3te e?7i 
efeefe fee Me MefetM 7 33 f^re 7 fee ^t fi 




ufufufe, dHfed-fuddu >hu tut fe fed 
HUH ftPJFU f^3 T D" I feu gift fefet U 7 toT 7 HHdHoT fe 
>hh Husnu tffe u fer uuru fe i feu u yuH fed mu 

UUdt Mnr feu UU Ud HU HUd feu 7 »fH dfed 1 
Tdfe ?fe" HUdd H-fH rtfe HHdldl feoifed feut I fe9S% 
fe»F UfdHoT ddcS'fe tH'UcT'dl Ut 3Ut»T Ufe 1930 
ffed 7 HUTU fefeu 7 feu feu U UUd cTdcT HH'Ho< 
HfewfeS - fed deb 1 HdfeH 7 ! 

fUUUU fe>fe H'fUHoT >HH d'HcSldcT UUfe" 
HUU feU U ‘dTWd dfU ufcu’ >HH fed'frt* Ijfetfe 
UU HUHfeUH 7 fdPH 7 ! HU 1944 fe 1946 HU feu 
HWI'HU UHfe fe CTUtdfU U 7 OU'6 fdd 1 I 

8 ^rar^uft, 1979 u vrufe ffe* ffer fe hh u dfet 1 

d. y.-JJte'. fy>F. 11 : 771 

fey>fl<re, sFfrrat : feu fed feHd >HH 
fufew U 7 UUH 30 KUU, 1876 U HTfe feu Uffetf 7 I 
HU 1891 feU feU U KTlt U fEUfe»TU HU HfU fe 

dtugnu feuti fefeife feu huiu uu »fu ytfew 

UHd (1893) HUU fe feUU 7 fad U fe JUU fed 
iflddt.THddl feU Ujffat oftfetl feu fe 1{HU dU 7 feU 
dHH feU feu fet HfafeHU U 7 , of*d'sJ feU UfefeHd - 
U 7 >HU fe dfe Qfe feU fefe»fH orUU^U U 7 dU IPKU 
fe I ‘fe tfe Ofe’ fe f«H'U' feU fe ‘U 7 H’fanffed 7 ’ , ‘fe 
HUtfUdT faffe (1924), Ufe ‘utUHUWr’ (1926) 
U>ft fUH-UdoT fe UH oftfe I 

HU 1896 feu feu HWffe HfU fe feu 
urfwuu UdT fdPH 7 >HU 1924 fe 1937 fe. HU fan 
U 7 sUfedordd fdd 7 I 

feU fe HW HUdtfe HU fe Hcffetfe cTU 7 

% 

Ufe<SH r fe HdoTdTU dUU >HU feUH cTdU feu HUH 
Hd'fe'd 1 fefetl 

20 UU, 1956 fe HUTU feu feu fe HU U dlfe I 

U.y.-^U. ft. H 7 . 9 : 1008 

fdtH'd 1 : feU UUU fe d'HHH'U dUT U fe^ 
mu^d U 1 " feoT ufed U ferUU 1 " UfU^d ufud U Q"dd- 
UdH feU ttdlddl 45 fe.Vft. U UUfU U Ufed U I fW 
rl't! 1 U fe feU Ufed Ut ?)fe HTT 1FU UUft feu tTfe 1 

dmyu u M nt i feu m feu u 1- ?r utdiduur 
uut uh iferu u H'tSd'fenr ut uuuu #u feu uu 

Ufed’’- feU fdTfeUf rPU 1- Ht I fed 5T# fed 
Ut d'iHU'cSl Wt fe^l feU Ufed U UHU UU feu U 
?ruufe ^ feu yuu 1- yfe ^fedt uuu u 1- uu ^ uu 1- 

sidddl U fe" U 1 " feoT 06 '<±1 HoTHd 1 " U 1 fed T Ufe 1 " U fe 
feu uutu ffe feu HcTHd 1 ’ Hd'fe'TT 9feyf U, §U 
sidddl ?U U dt feu feu Ut HUoffafU UUt Ut” I feu 
HUHd Ut §Udt feUUd Ifet U dd 7 ^tt'QulS' WUH 



1U U UdUfet J# fefefe" ^U oTfet" UH 7 ’HdU T feU H*" U 1 " 
dl-^dAd fed 7 Hi" I. Ufed U 7UJ€fe dt UU 

feu 3dl fedt Odd Ut HUt HUfeU U Hfe feu U 
feUUU UUTHU feU HUt UTU UHdt HUUd UW HoTHd 7 
Ul fed 7 feU 7 U fe feu HoTHd' H 7 Hd U UdHU, 
H'AH'U 1 UUU ikFU fe > H 1 d T HdT T U UUt Ut I 

yfWt-lS, 399 (1991) 

27° 56' §\fUH\; 76°51' y. UU. 
d.y.-feu. U. feu. 23 : 358 

: feu 9<^1 h uut u uittlufenfe uddr^uu 

ufewfet uu u out uu i fefed*' ut»r u ufutr feufe 

— *>. 

oTU 7 fefed >HU UlU" fefed UU I 

U T U T fedd — feu U 7 O'il fufePlFTiU fe 

K 

UUUfet?7U UUUfet?7U (Francolinus francolinus) Ul 

feu u 7 dur uw (ftp>fu) mu fou fuu u ufenfu hut 

U Ud'fcf > H3’ U'dl'H 7 dUldf 06 I <Sd fe dldUU fejd 
Ufe ddT fe IFdt yfe dTTy fed UHUU fefd tdd'tf UU" 
dU, Hfe 7 fe dTdUU U ufe dUT U 7 UddJ UU 7 U I Hfed 
U 7 HUT Udfe ddyd dfUdfU 7 >H3" UU gfe dfe Ul 




UWfefed 



feu irfe fuu ufeyr ufetyu fe M uu ujuj 
ufe udife, feuut yfe wtk u ufdwt yuu 7 

feu feuu fe fefefe U |U ffeu feuu UU I dfe U 
UUTd U UU yfe UUT U HTdT ffej 7 fe»f HA^'OfeHf 7 
HTfe UU I feu >HUUd UUd UUd fe fed HUf UU fe ¥fe 

fuu fedu fferfe ffeu uu i 

3uu uu feu yuufe yu fou £ fer uu uui 
feu HUU HU UUU UU I feu UU Ou H UUtU fe 3~5 
Ht. fe" feufet fefe 100 Ht. HU fe HU fufet fe H^U 
Hofe UU I ?Jd fHHd HUH ffe yfU^ UUU 7 U I fe^ 7 

u 7 tuu ufe, uuu, (StHcS 1 u feu mfe ^hu uhu 



394 





fcgg wst 



gt H 3 3 'Qgt p 7 ? o 1 U 30 7 sho M^tg 3 fer 003 
33 33 cf HUigtM 7 y^tM 7 fS 3 HOT g 7 # 33 I fS 3 St 
100 Ht. 3 Ht § 3^3 30 Hcfg 031 fell SUB- fgt 
M'S ,; hl 03 iT dttl dttl 33 dtH gut H'tfl 3 I 



fey 7 gtM 7 UlHfu H'dlM 7 feO drt : fdt!-H 'd 
Hd'H'dlO 1 gt WH tfcT sfet foTHVT offe>t3 B'HOOOH 
(Cnelmon rostratus) ; MU FRFHW 3t 3Ht f53 sfet 
fefHH Udl'SUdiH MUdldH (Prognathodes aculeatus) ; 

usnt gt go nw 7 sfet fern ufesfe 

UUlHCddH (Chaetodon Capistratus); fi-thtil US' §"3 
too guo mho feu orfet mu (ocellus) ggt or 1 usvit 
MU HO'H’dldl H 'dl ulSsOft M'HlttdH (c. ocellatus); 

trrTT g trod ufe oor g gg os met fus U 33 g w 



oida«' 03 I feo PhO’oi M 3 " 00 od^-HUd St U 7 rtfe 
031 

too uro gtM 7 g ^ 7 fsg om 7 yo 3 M 3 fsg 

utu-oh Bug miuo 7 npw ? 7 Hi'O'g 03 1 fer Muraf 

— <J u 

fS 3 fed 033 SO 3 3 3 did 13 00 T 3 MS feg 03 
fgy 7 gt fdl^df 6 3 8 33 ffet O' I 

nig f 330 - fog g 7 ufet fgfoTMrscr s 7 

dUMfecSH U'sflHdlrtSH (Francolinus pondi- 
cerianus) 3 1 333 fsg feO offe 1333 S 33 F ot 30 T 3 7 
3 1 for e 7 OOT HWOt-fO 7 , §UO cT 3 M 3 SM - OOT gtM 7 
H 'dlc( y ‘dlo( U'dlM 7 ygtM 7 03 ; US fS 3 St fFU 7 OOT 

gg 7 3 1 ow fro oot g 7 gg 7 
3 m 3 fer gMfe cpw oor 
gtwf st gg) o iso vug 7 
3 fgMHJ 7 33 S 7 gg 7 3 M 3 
fen gtM 7 gg 7 fra 7 §3 foor 
Scfte 7 huo gg 7 3 1 

fer f333 fw 7 g S3 
U3 7 fS3 UFO M3 
OfdMfetM*' OfetM 7 fS3 
fesg 03 1 U33S H3 § S3 
3, gg fer gfeur g gu 
fS3 fddg gg 03, fed f333 
4-6 g oralF fsg gg 03i 
tgggts'gfsg feggntg 
3 uggg M 3 013-33 fsg 
fs 7 hw ofog 03 1 fog g 7 

HU M'd'd Utg, Hdl 33 M 3 
5 ft 3 H 33 03 U 3 feQ'g 7 M 3 
H 3 -H 33 fS 3 f >13 H 3 T 3 ffes 7 



fe 3 f 3 H g ^ om 7 yg 3 §h fsg utu-ih 

Bug HRrog fgo 7 m 7 ?^ y^'Qg 03 M 3 §f fsg 4- 

8, 33 ddlu 03T 3 M3 fgg 03 I fet^' g HpdM 7 3 
ipgf Ui'feM 7 M3 fwfSM 7 W H33 7 31 S3 TJgO 7 
gt &&& st dddul gnot 3i 

3.U.— or. g. : 44 

fdd« >M : fe 3 UdHl.-sfeutg (Perciformes) 
S 33 T gt olldfelfegl (Cheetodontidae) 33 gtM 7 
fgtM 7 3 gddlttlM 7 HStM 7 03 1 feH 33 fS 3 3 
3 SU gr^M 7 03 1 fe 3 HStM 7 33 HH 3 gtM 7 313 "- 

U 3 t ggrg-fggtM 7 fsg IvigglM 7 03 1 



f333HsTt 



fed llstM 7 H33 HU OOF gtM 7 ggtM 7 03 M3 

fjgwlM 7 s+ot feuo fuo lyugtM 7 feoglM 7 ofogtM 7 
03 1 fe ^ 7 tsg urfu oor ot gg 7 or utg oor gt ou 

HWtM 7 33t SSOTtM 7 St 03 pHc^ 1 ^3 001 7 gtM 7 

U'dlM 7 M3 feo( w feu 3 SU S3 ^3 UH St 33 03 I 



fof HStM 7 gt 33fet J50T30T 20 K. Ht. Ogt 3 1 
fe7 g 7 HOto uiHM 7 3 fugfOTM 7 OfOM 7 fe3 fU3 

U 33 sgg gg 7 or i fe ^ 7 g 7 H 3 so 7 gg 7 3, fgH fsg 
§of soot gg gg 03 M 3 gu^ 3 ot sm «utfu?rt 
s 7 3 rsuggo 3 i 



395 



fe-fet 



Fa - fesr orw Ofe aa a; faa aa araaiat aat 

Heniochus acuminatus foH § ^tid-Pd* HS fer foo 1 

aa Sr, fer cnktuF F featfe - aafor akt fkar a, 
foH F U3# §3 fer Fa ka Fa F 1 

U\y.-fo?r. fa. W. 2 : 408 

ffodkl : for fffUF' i UZ3 T (Lepidoptera) ¥d3T 

F ktfw fktr fer at fen ?aar ^ew sw fw 

MktF asi fer or!# Fua fka fer ya sfe crfet 
f#S ftdld as> 83 fey FtHdldU 8<idd Ft J ?UFt aFt 
#1 

kfOkkca ?3HT Ftfe 158 as, fo?y fw 
FHTiraT 18 foSS fFaFtfe Ftfe Ft as 1 fddrtW H 7 # 

HH'd fetj HHT yddfloF fkHa ffej aktfe FFIW 
fHsF!W asi aua-ukt feafkfe fka feaktfe 
wr sfe wi faTory Ftw >83 yaa aw - akfar 
aFtfa 7 UcS I 

fddkl'8 r a Hdid sdH' Fa d'd* fey F u tid'd 
Ft ufa fasF asi H3 3 yaa uuaa >8xFlor F 
FtFFts >83 »rfefeHfe nfw F fkk uni fkaktur 

377 1 F fey ktfew f afara air w afe # afaa 
uaw S3T IFF 1- F F >833 fey fey F afe 
FF as i fer irfaa aas at aa Ft faa-ayaty 
star 3^ rsFtfFkFti 

feakt e 1 - nata fas few uwa fay, gfet 
ura Os fey tfeur Fa a > 

yy.-ksfa. 4 : 488 

f M : Faya Ft ottf F *?U3 faS3 s^ gay 
FaakfFsjfaFtfkaaaai FeyaFfuay 
sa wafe F F Ok a# as- fear fens w a#? 7- Ok 
>83 aa gSS W a3S Ok I Ufa# Ok Ft fak gcTH 3 

w^h (Ffiw) Fk >8# §# Ft h^h 3 1 yysaat 
(few) 3k feat afot a i aa Ok F!W u?F fefe 
aFlw a?7 1 nat# F F Ofe F fey^ ffet fFfe F ?aF 
gFt # ?Ft HH3 F# feF a3 1 gaw (fafe) fF?r a 7- 
mu gfF a ffer 3 gFt taw Sr i yaw (arFF) IFf 

w wr afF a ffer 3 aFt fe ?Ft hhf Hfenr a i 

a.U.-n.t. : 193 ; H.a. 

f37> ^aTcFPX 7 " : H5Tf^3 F # f37> 

maiFtw- H#t8F a?r i fefet nrar?# ‘in 5 >hw ‘a 77 ? 7 ’ 
niarkt a ffer aaF tHo 8rfF araF a?r i 
fej >8ar#t FaTfa # k warsiaFt FOt feFt ai 
3kt >83T#t 'fFw’ nrayra >85rH Ft fefet # few 
faw a i Fir# >8aT?ft F^a >8sr? r Oa Ft >8afet a F 
feta Ft arakt S" i fer raqa Ft^ - 3>8 7 a r tnfe aFt war 
aFKaFtai 



cran kktw # ffer nraTTfer fer w h#1W 
a* • — 6<j' >8333 fefet araauaxa >8di#l a ffer 
di'tt t8di fka ?a3 ye ■s 'ft aa33 3ufe fea a3 

>83 fer rfet 3TT3 HFfF few kt3 T Ffer Fl 

>8W#fa ant >8ai7# a F fk h^ <ft5t aaaay^ 
>83T#t fka #k karfev F uaa kk a^3 fet aat 
3fet a i aoTHafe Ftfe >83i#t a F fer feu F Fka 
kff M ^ a i fei 3>a kar HHnrkt 3 ufr aFt a i 

J.U.-H.f. : 590 

f377-#H : fer fera F w uaw # fea gF 
3 1 ^u 5ra?> aaar aF a?r i 

i . HtFFkr uiaw FF vrFt fka ta for, 
uaat, fei'kl, Fuat h#u, crakt ufo 7- >83 
urakt uja 1- uafa i 

2 . fra din uraua aFt iaFt ar ta fok; 

>8afe>83ug ; Ofe>83ffeie’>8 7 1ai 

3 . gaia urauar >8 T ua at feta fka ta sras 
rfeuiaT urtai 

a.u.-8.a. 

f3?T : fer aut >83 F#t uaH-ftfed 7 F 
fdsfaaasi 

§tr uan foa fos a33 §k, uavr fora >83 mi 
(ww H3 7 " F Ffos fe atr F urwfen 7 ’) # aaiFfa 
as i Hd'dH 7- 8u a hh” 3 at y u H3 fka rnna aa kk 
aa fkuiaFt f fey fos afe+ & uaora aaT yaatfe 
“Pt Otr Ft Haa ur Fa 7 fe, a fer frrafo at” naa 
uaFa 1- a, a fer via Ft naa upFa 7- a 7 ’ i” 

Fs iran foa fer §■ aasr-t ?F s 7 ^ Ft 
afaya foa 1 - a >83 fer a - ‘Hat fowrfe, ‘Hat 
faws’ >83 ‘fet afaka’ 3 a i 

- F U3a foa ‘t-ads T) {kgaairFicrai 

a.y.-ka.kx 7 '. 10 : 130 

fcTOfet : feirFraffeforfoirfoFfet 
FFt afo 1 fkH Ft fcTHH a aastaa a Fa htf^s a 
?H3, fon Ftur fas k3+ Fa, faufet uruaFat a 1 
fer HH3 aa fea rna fet fon Ftw fas fra Fa 
sat rafw a H^a a ffey fka >fo, Haw, afea- 
Hak wfo ana as 1 fer Ft raa kaa, ulGs sfeta 
fek urfa aFt Ft ktat aFt ai aa uan F ya 
Has 7 " fka Ft c?Ft uaa F aas ffet fer # rafaw 
a^aai 

yaa aa aaffer >83 uatopavryr HHcrfe ?a3 
tjdl Fa o(do( feufet Ud'do aa tka yaa Ft 
wfkaFti faufe a fey arufe saa a# Fa a 
craaufe 3 (fasjFtfekuasHFaarfeifaska 
F fek Ft fe a a# Fa # at afea FtaFtur F ya 




oTcT?)' feHtM 7 1H3+, fe # 1 HUfe 7 MU HHUfe-Htfe 
feu fuufet Ut =?Ufe S OUFFfeU sftu 7 1 

HUlfet MU Hfe^Ul ?Ufe feu ufoH 7 UfUH 7 feu 
HHfW feu 7 nt fe hu fe #u Huufe°r ute ife Su 7 
S', feH•UUfe^feUM 7 t^UU#lfeH•;^UUtfecr 

ffe’7 HU 7 i^H TOT ut HU Ht I feu - cTUU Ht fe 1 8#t 
mu i9#t feet feu #t ute wife- nut fuufet fe fuu 
HU 7 JfeCFU" ut UUfHU HcT I MFTafjy fefT Ut H 7 feoT 
feUUHfefeHSUHUtS' ffejU 7 feU UH Ofe fife 7 

fefefe- 5- mu fer u Sfe Hurt feur UUHt fejt S nuu 7 

fUU 7 Sr I UTH W ^fet feor UTfeRfeoT ’fet 51^ S' fet 

fenutu 7 Hdi'feM 7 u^HurfuM 7 S'uuu ls^niftu 

MUfe feu- Hfe ut fUHUHUt dH'Hofl ddrtfed ^H" #U 
feU cTUS- HTTUUt ¥U?TtUU HUt ffeufet ut ?Ufe feu- 
unit feU 7 UfUM 7 ! fen Uf 7 19#t HUt feu UH# 1 HU 

u 7 uufefeu fe# 1 fe hutIu feu uu wz: ife >fefe 

HUS 1 HU U UIU fin*' HEft ffeufet U 7 MUJU ?fe VJMdl 
MTf sftU 7 tfefe HUT 7 1 ifeUTfeH 7 feu §UoTU^ feU HUt 
ffeufet Ut UUfe MUHU cftfet feut S' I 

fefe fe fen 7 ? 7 fuufet ut uufe 3u mSu usru 

UtM 7 HfetH 7 fe CffeU 7 U MUTO 7 HUt cftfet feut U" fe# 1 
UUUTTUt UHU, HStcTH OUoUU, <7H# HUPffe, UUt 
UHU 7 UUU HUt, UUft feu UUH Wife HUt I 

u.y.-^?r. fe>r. xo; 128 

fdHd : Utfe (UtUHH fexjyfecj MTU d 1 dl cV ) U 7 
feu feoT UUHUUU US" U feUU 7 ofUUt Hfefef 7 feu 
HfUU U I feHU O' dd fe UUHt UfeU feu ufe u 3u 
fefefufe feufe, u#h feu feufe mu uuu feu uuu, 

SU'H , sfd 1 * MU fi-PHUUU (HUH 7 ) UH d<S I H<S 1951 

feu ufe U >HfWU UH nf§fe ^ ufewt feu uuut 
Mw U 7 feor HffeFU uu uu 7 Ht I feHfe fertVPtf 7 U 7 
UH’ tT 7 §Ht feoffeH 7 U 7 HfeU cTUU ifefew H'U 1 Fft I 
feu Hfe fe^ 1 U U 7 ^ - UU H7T I UTfew 7 U HU 7 HUt feu 
feor tuuut >Hfe >wuu uufet ?ft mu feH§ hu fe 
fufet fe Ue sruu ‘HfeU ut gfe’ (Roof of the world) 
^f^HfeTjtlfeH-UH^HTHHUfeutHfefeufe 
feU UU UU ?UH ^Ut HUUUr ?JUt Ht U Hfe»U I Utfe ?UH- 
UU?i fus 1 ut fenut ^TTfet HUU 9" Hfet S' Hffe fen HU 

H^t HUfe tUUUfet UUTH U Heft Ul HH'd yo 1 UU 7 ?) 
feU feUXJH Ut feU 7 Ul feHU 7 H3UUH 12,21,700 
^-,fe.>ft. Hffe nUHTUt 22^0,000 (1990) Ul feu Ut 
UMlI'^t HUT 7 U I 

f->H T %^t ffefePHfeT 

feU HHU-UU feU HUfe ffe 7 Hfefet feM'cO ^ I 
feU Q tlt UO'd ’H'H-UHt 1 fef 9^ UU‘?J‘ ?UH 
fufet UUt Ul feH Ut HfHfe fufet 4,848 Vft. (16,000 
fU) Q-l UfeU U ffeU feU UfeHfe XRFU, xfeH feu 
ofd'ojdH HUU, tfe<r-lfe>r feU HUU Ufef 7 Ud'rilhf 7 , 
Utffe ^H few UUHfe U7T I ffeHfe U ^feut felt feu 
feFU Ut HU fefutUUtHTfU-HfeUHU (8,848 Ht. )9- 



U feUfe, felTH Hffe Utfe Ut HUUU ^ffe HfUfe S' I CTH". 
UfeU 7 fenut UUHt UU HU'§t!' Ul UfefeH W fe 
U3U §" UU fufeHf 7 feu tT 7 HUU 7 U :- 

( 1 ) UfeT feUT (Chang Tang) O ddi UfeU 

(2) fe3F-ut U 7 xfent Ofe-fVft UUU 

(3) g- Mfe Hferut ^U3t-HU<€ddl ^ufef 7 

(4) HUf Ufef 7 UUHt ^UtW 

TTfer-UfeT UfeU felUU 7 UfeU U Q dd ^H U3U c 
ifeH fUH 7 feu 1,300 fcT.Ht. HH UHU feu Ifeu 
UfeU 7 S', fefe feU 7 HUHHt HfeU S' I feHUt UHfe §Ufe 

4,545 nt. Sr i fenOfe Piet fd ict d Ftn 7 u?) i fenu Ofec 

?H UfeHfe tid'd Oft Ut ■jrttHU feUU 7,723 Ht 
Out S' I feu UUUT feH" §" HUH HtHTT 7UH 1 ?)UUU U?) I 

fedl'-St U U5Ht Ofe-feUF feu o(d : o(dH U UH 
UUUt fHH fHH fUHU S' Ug-oTHHfe PfU HUU fe 7 ^ 
^tf oUU UT) I fen UUU feu sOdd MU U'fclHH 1 ?) U 
uut UfeM 7 ffecTHU U?) I UfeM 7 feu WU ^U, 
HOu Utt'H feu ffeoTH U ofd'ojdH UUU 7 feu <= fUU 1 
SfeM 7 Pfct IP fS T HcP?) feU UH 7 Ufe 7 S-UO 1 fe HdftU 
UUU U UH'd d'H feU ^UlU 7 S' I did! 1 MU HUHHfeu 
UfUMfe" U ?t ifevft 0u-fHt ? 7 H' U3U feU Ut 
U7T I 

din 1 fUTfeoT d'dl g MU HUT Ut UUU^oTUUt 
Uffet S'! feu HUU HUfeUUUfe uuu Sr I fen uuu feu 
^UHlfeu ftTHS 1 fdddl ^ HUTQ' , MUU Ufe, fUHTH 7 U 
HHTTfeU UfUU 7 SfeM 7 UUU feu UTJH S' TFU 7 S' I 

fddd U 7 UH 7 tld'drtl Hdd Utfe U fecljfet 
(Tsinghai) MU HUUfe (Szechawan) Xffe 7 U TUH 1 
HUTU 7 fUftM 7 UffetM 7 S' I feU UHU U UUU 

HHUUUU UUUt fHHfefHM 7 U fU feU OfeU 0 1 UtfU 
feu Ih" uu uu mu ufe u fuugfet MU HUUU life 7 
Ut UUHUt UUU U7 1 feU UUt ufeMUt IjUUtM 7 U 7 
S--feu fe rfeurr S, stumt, Hotut, hh#h ufeM 7 
feSr ut UU feu M'Of U7T MU UUH" MU OUU-UUH" U 

uu ?1uu Su utu mu Ouu-uu^t Mm 7 feu uw 3" 
feu u?r i 

HH€'g - HHUU fe uut, HHUUt HUU fe Oufet 
MU UUHfe U fUTU'0' feHU Ut UHfeg S M^U UUH 
Ufe ofet cTUTT UU fe?} 7 cTUU 5HtM 7 ~U Hfet UUT 7 

fefe fenut HHfeg ^uSt S'! uu 1 irfeO 1 uunut tiiu 7 

?)>ft 7UH HfetM 7 UU 7 S U5U Ufe UUUU U UU feu 

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ufeufe-ffeu ^H 1 MTfutM 1 - feu Ufefe Ofeut feUT 7 
3UT UUU S UHcT MU MfU UUU U 7 SU 7 HU'OutM 7 
UU tlfe fe UUU M'OVlM 7 UTUHt UtM 7 H?7H?> 
UU 7 UUU"-yufe ^UtM 7 ut 5U UTU 7 u >}hh S' 
HZFUU 7 HuiOutM 7 UU I UUU-UUHt ^fet U feufet 
fuftfM 7 feU ^UU 7 ¥UU UUt S' U MUtOfeU ¥H feUT 




397 





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Ft ^‘Fl tt >H 7 y3 377 1 fuVPW Ft>>F dcirtlof 7 wt\W 
fey fei'ddl «o(s 3 FWS - ddl» 377 I 31T<5t f3H3 
feyttfeH 7 3fa?H T et ^fetw - ifese >H3 tStea FS 1 
fcfHH 7 3 tJdfld' <V» rsofloF dFldf" 377 1 



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fey HIT 33 VT Ft Qfe>dl 757 ?t f 77313 3313 7 F U'feoT 7 1 
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WgrfeW 3 r 3 7 3 Ft I 13 ?t H 3 t fee H 3 TO 7 3 1%3 
feno fer eTHF 7 !? fee yy» fe>>ri 377 1247 fee 
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3S 1 at iffeemfet 3771 ewfe 3 FfFt 3 Iff fife 

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« 7 H 7 feF TFirar wea fee 1 1 fee 7 , 1000 Fn'fe »fe 

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feae eFrfe esfet ttFt e 7 gnnere sraF 33 1 




s fans i 7 gt Fret fee ee fte 7 fe, hs 3 " gu 

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fefHPetufefel 18 feFrfefegfee efeW S fetfe 
fee mms 7 ew arftH ate ms uHrfet eyg^ 
et none set sw ms xlanae) fee e efeiMM 1 - st 
Fruits aftstM 7 rue i 

fee fug 1 i 8 fe Het fee Men fens fefew 
susf 3 W ms ues 7 efe fee Mnfe rfit Frufus sre 
yet fe i isfe net e Mutes Her fee fee s mus 7 
guear fires fete sffeM 7 ue fere fee efe fe 
anwrtt d'H<H> s 7 ueh fey 1912 fee sts fee 
HfeM 7 e ee e ms ee sue feus s wwrj 
esse ws are fee 7 1 fee sfe fee etst ee e 7 ms 
e fowl hs 1913 fee fee# fee ets, feus ms 
gee et tee eet fee MSFre fets-yefe s ugfe e 
fefi-fM 7 fee gftM 7 feiM 7 1 yett fee? ffers tie ^ si 
fete fe arise fts, ets its m 7 few s ugfe fe 
hutch 7 fete fee ffeM'ese tut efee hs, >H T er r 5 ' 
faen-i fts 1934 fee sfg 1 eefet w et hs fug 1 
ets ugx fey fe gue # 3 T fuM 7 1 fen fee" 1940 fe. 
fee ets s fete e eefe ser et eerutt et 3 fth 
fee fe fafe fowl fee els ugfe fee fe erne 7 
o(<jrt set ee ear gee fee 7 Fit 1 ee 1949 fee se- 
els fee erftQfsHe sure fee w s 7 ffe s usfe 
feee feeefef 7 uftre 7 gfotM 7 etst te 7 Hars ses 
e Weil? fee 7 1 ee 1950 fee fefe s fete et 
Reset eert fs ares 7 ee fowl fete s ets e 

Meet ues ares set erfe ee 7 e nee eeft us §fe 
— •» 

ears 7 s 7 firfeM 7 1 Mute feee ?f fes feM 7 FratM 7 
hss 1 " ee sfeM 7 e esfet Her s efet ftuus 7 fans 
utfeer (etfeer) fee tferf 7 ! 21 >fet, 1952 §■ 17 
Horet eete efee fete f Htree feet >e r e T et 
feetertt »fe ete 7 eeee efe e 7 e fewi enfet 
jee 7 e Fflee >eftjope 7 eree nfe §e uw'Hcfl orefe 
eee fete e fee 7 hot e eeeeee eeege ore feet 
ue efet ie 7 e eerge eee feet 1 ee 1959 fee 
ynet enr eee ee »rfe>H 7 1 fetet enfet Her et 
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fee Her ue ee 1 

fe'dftofd 7 

fete et fet ?ftgt uefet eeet, nrfeme set 
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wftir Qfeet e err fee esrge eei M'dfuofd 1 e 
w wre uet Me uf ee 1 

fe^ — fee feee e 7 ot 7 ^ ee ue fe<7 § Jre 7 
fee efeM 7 set few fefefer fee 1 e hot e 7 Mfee 7 
feee e fe etfe ee 7 Meirg 7 fege eeetM 7 es 1 
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eee tpe-yefet He e et gefee eet e 1 efe ee 
Mfee fife ufer e 7 Fregye efeM 7 Me ue 7 rfer e 



fe fet hh, M 5 Hyee, ne 7 , Htfete, HdistlMH, efe 7 
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yetefet - gfelqei rtfe ufe ee e e^ee gt 
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yee 7 fee yet eet e 1 e fet fe w ene e 1 §^t eee 
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srTH^e 7 Hfefue sftetM 7 efetM 7 Me fee fee ee sfet 
eefe eefe 1975 et. fee fee ufeet ge Mire 
§eu 7 efe fee Men feeee e nfeM 7 rft 1 

fetet nee 7 eee ere irne e?r 1 fey 1991 fee 
uhm 7 et §e fereet 5 .06 feetMe Fft 1 fetet vfetrr 
60I eee 1 neff nee M T vre?ft e 7 H'us eere gt ee ue 
fen §rdirdi §■ e 7 ^ efe fee set ofte 7 w nfeM 7 Fft i 

HSMe 7 - te 1950 e ufen 7 fet ftee uregF 
eFresrfetM 7 et fee hs- i etst ufths - ee Mfefeor 
feyMe 7 e 7 ^ etetM 7 efetM 7 ee 1 ne Me rfee etrr 
feyMe 7 nerfey HfetM 7 efetrri fee Hue 1985 fee 
eetM 7 Me getM 7 geonru 7 et feieet 296 ft efet 1 
rfeerj fet srue 7 , erre 7 e fevreet Here yee 7 e 1 

MTgerfet Free - fey 1951 ee fetet fee fe 
e* - Ore ew eee ee e w fee eege fee fet 

— u 

Hgfet e 7 fen ffefe Fre 1 fevrH 7 ue r e 7 e fefeM 7 fee fet 
fee ne brefHM 7 fe au fee Bmvfte, fere Me eee 
e eefe tee 7 gfe ueee ee ee 1 etet unrie Mute fe 
nee 7 e 7 feavre gt efeM 7 e fefe efet fevne 7 ue i e + 

u 

fuafetrr sfet weegyee efe - ee uefeM 7 e 7 nee 7 
eine 1991 fee near fet fenfet 21,842 fe.rft. Ffti 
fee e rw ge egfet eeer efet M T g T efet mm efet 
e 1 fete fee arfe get egfet Me gt ee 1 

gue — ne 1951 e ufefe fe Me ge fenw 
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fee ne Me feue arue 7 , ee e yfe ee gfetM 7 
fexet fee 7 fue efeM 7 fefetM 7 ne 1 fee gue 1 95 1 
fe. e fug 1 gt efe vm ene 7 fee 7 ue gee sue fete 
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fee see fe efe sue gire fee e ge e few 1 

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fee hs i hs 1984 fee Her fet huIm 7 e 7 uen- 




fefftfeW qfftfe 7 fftfe 7 I fttftt UHTfiT US' fey feTTffty 
0 ^ — 

frrfw ftt fe^Eg 7 fttftt yfetl H7T 1988 ftft fey 

2437 IFfevrat Hfff, 67 Hftiiat HfW, 14 Hof fttftt 

gy?r fey fft?l 0% fefftfey HEg's? 7 ggftfty fttfttfe 7 

orator i h?t 1985 fey yAfeyfyfet ft t gyfet yfet i 

fefty^feyy fttferHyttd' ftt fet HOfttfe 7 07T I 
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WoT . 

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tTferfti 

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fey yfet uraftftfe 7 fey ay feft ^ »th fty ut> i 
yfet uraftyfet- ftt foiyftf 1951 fey 200 yti fe?ft 
yw feorfttfe 7 ygfe- TT r feF r F t ftt htti yft wr fty 

«ftt otdrt <?'<*> tT 7 t)d<S '0 0771 Ifto H5 7 tT 7 yfet 

lyyTfe^H 7 ^ yy o?r i 

f^g^t hktt ife 7 , fkcff»r >k# gift vfey 7 ?ro 

ft 1 ift Hfeyr feF ft i ks 7 §w fegfe? 

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feyft et Fit i feg ^ 1w fey f^feyft & felw 

fyy y?> i gift ifo 7 1%y yfey scr gygyfet h1<6 

ydld cfy?7 yt uferfew uft - oiyy h?>i feft owe* 
•» ~ 

fegy ^ ^ fy^ gfeyr fey gfey yift ft i 

y.U— fft. 18 : 372; Sy.nte’. 18:357;^. wf. 
26:718; fft.fe.t. 5 : 378 

fjydl ypftrar ; n3wf gyt ftbfet ft 1 yy ft 1 
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ftfeTfen 7 , qryMy ?ryor >yft gift ftrafe 7 y ftft ft 
feyfttyf 7 fey yy ?raT uft yy fftgftt yfey fey feor 

HO 7 ?! Hd'oJ'fe ‘The great Deeds of King Gesar, 



399 fftgftft, ^rngtyig- 

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tuft yfeyr fePH 7 1 

y.U.-^y. fe. H 7 9 : 996 

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y i fftgftt yg 7 ftt fmft d^fe'ftl y i feg y hw yraftt 
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g.u fe>r. 9 : 995 

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feQ yy Bhtt gyyffe y ug?7 y, fenjft yraw fgy 
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400 



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gw >) Fd l HdH B 3W3 >H?aKg BTfoBB ?ffe3 
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feOrtH Bt 19 Ht.U. #^§B3fiTO3f H3 03fetl 

g.y.->j)B. few 7 . 9 : 996 

fevravr?^, ^IfooiH (Timmermans, Felix) : 

OB tffe3 §■ orvpw feu Pad<j<£ bibb IroftfeH b for 
grrfBB dfrddd hbct w rof 5 gwf, 1886 £ 
HWtfeHH feB stB (Lier) feO 0fe»FI H3 1916 feB 
feH B 7BFW ‘OfferfeB (Pallieter) B slUS BTO for Bt 
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TO (Brabant) B Bfe3 $ H^BBT 9S 7 t fB3fe»F 3 
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B3 1935 feB H3B3 7 B BtF 5T3B 7 hM, feB B 
73^3 ‘Boerenpsalm’ SUB 733 feB Bt Hnddl 33 
ftPiFB 7 B Bfet I 

24 iT73Tdl, 1947 S' Sfa feO Bt feHBHWT Bt 
H3 B dlOl I 

B.y -nt?T. fe>F. 9 : 1017 

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tr.U.-’fcr. fy. H 7 . 9 : 1019. 

. fentB W3t>>F : fen fur BBBt 
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B.y.-J. 3 g 1900-1980. 

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HBBfefe) B BfeH 33^ # B31 

B.y.->)l3. f?. H 7 . 11 : 793 

f33y3 : BBBt-BBSt TO f%B 3 T f)T3733 
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bFWt -3,06,237 (1991) 

11° 6'f". f^B.; 77° 22' U. 33. 

B.U.-»>l3. feB 7 . 11:797; feu. 31. ffe. 23 : 396 

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401 



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rt^olodd St yidl'S'dl feS fdd'd fey 34,500 HfeoT 
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U. 

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12°36' f. fOT.; 80°3 / U. 33. 
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HOTSf - 75,301 (1991) 

8°30' f%S. ; 78°7' y. KS. 

S.u.-fgu. ar.ffe 23 : 391 



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fffSS > H3" fes f-33 fes 7 S 7 ?? 7 SWH cSSS S 7 S3 7 Ht I 



feH foJH'y <S'tt fed fcifdd SSSfeS 3 4ft Ufow S’ 7 d I 




uri^ as fes 3fe*r fedfesust s 7 feu slws 



fsfSSHS Utf 3" jfefet 3' HTSfSt H§t 33 feS fesS 

s 7 sret hsss fes 7 3 1 fen hf 333 fes irefe-, ts 

»f3 fe?l3dl3 Uisfe §t HSf3?y33 U3St SSSFSt Ht I 
fet fes SSfet fes 7 Hfs»r sfeH 7 3 ftlSS 7 17 ?t 3 
19 HSfaf 7 ^33 HH3K3 7 , HS'lSi* 7 mSlfe? 7 >H3 
SSfelHfei 7 feSoPS SSfef 7 KSfefef 7 3 333 fSS 7 3 I 
H3 1866 3 fe3 fe§feU753t 3 1 

S3 fes feoT 33T 7 QtiM fdlol Hfdd S fi-lH fes 
Wf ferofet 33X75 338733 >H3 353 feSS 53^3 
3 3W3 S3 1 fe?§ 3 ?375-?375 St fes 3 U33 
HSSSSt U13f §3 §33 fes M 3 pt 3U3 7 >33 
feolSS 7 >H T f3 St HSfefef 7 TPSfaf 7 S3 1 fes 3 fe'M 1 ^ 
fes HfSS fefw 7 3 7 feS-fTi! 7 §33 § 3 fet HSSTT 
tpt^sfest TTTS HSQ3 9 3 7 J53 S3i 

XfaS 3t H3 § fetfSHU § %U3S3T sfe fes §t 
333 S' 3 fet tdS H3 7 3 fe§ 331331 feel 3H St 82 
Ht. (273 fS) §3t §5t 3§t 3 1 feH §t few 3 14SS3 
75Ht gfefal 7 SUtH 7 ifes 3t»T tsfal 7 H^fefal 7 SSfef 7 
S3 1 333 3 SS UtfeX 7 3 ifes sfaf 7 SSfefef 7 
SHfef 7 sfefef 7 3t»T HSSfef 7 S3 nfe fex 3 3*1373 S3 



?]■ ofst #y3WT fe>f 1 33 7 S3 1 333 3 f%3 c?3t H33, 
KfSW >H3 ofHl’ S3 felfSH 7 S^ 7 ^! 7 33^3 S3 I 

WTOl'-HlSS-a^?^ lT.3-7,11,862 (1991) 

10° 49' f\ f3S,; 78° 42' y,3¥. 

er.U.-^3. ft[. H 7 . 797; fi?U. 3T. ffe - . 24 : 43 

; fes 33? 3 333 f%3 >H i S3 7 IJ3H 
S' f3S3 few 3 r feoT HfSB' S ftlSS 7 feoT fS3 3t3S 
Wnsr3 3 33 3 yfetl SI fes Hfss Hssf- H33TT 33 
- H 7 33T §U3 Hfe3 $ I SfeSTS 7 H3F33 t33U3t S 7 
HSH3 10 3. fer. Ht. 3 3313 3 3"l feSU^t HS3 
3 7 fH3 WW 3 1- HS3 S ffTF 3 >H3S (f33- Fjt >H3 V3t 
3 7 »f3S Uf. f%F3 W S) yf|- fei?3 W Fft U3t S3 1 
fes Hiss f33H& IRFS- 3 U3 7 fes #W 3few SI 
cits 7 tSS 7 S fer fes U3H3 3 §143 Hcsfet 
>H3 {%H§" HS’S'TT S3 IWTIH^ S3 1 fet fes 335- 
HS03 feir WWlH'* H3S HfeiH 7 Sfei-H 7 & I 

f33U3t HfS3 3 1 f33H3 W~£ 3§t § 3H3" S3 1 
feSUS^ftTSS 7 11-12 fe-Ht. S3 7 S Hf3 ft! 7 3H3 T 
Elfe Sfet 22-23 fer. Ht. S I #T 3 1 " 3H3 7 1942 Ht. fe3 
feF 3W3H 3 T Ht 3313 33 3 20 glW 333 t 
HS^THiH 7 Ft f3H 335 CFHSbtf 7 $ 33H3 333 i33 
FfcT § Sfet I UfSB 7 f33H3 W H33 fes 3 HS3 33T3 7 
3 S3 7 f33 3?t US i)f3 f33 HS3 7 §t qtSoit 1HHH3S 7 
§■ tufcM 7 H33 W ytS H35T3 3 3?KH 1 3H 393 fesr 
HH3t 3 HU33 cTS fefe 7 1 H3 1933 § i fet^H3tH33 

w h 7 ? 7 uttr s^Q'st si s 7 # for nfss fes 

SfesSST 3 §33391 HSfet 3 H33 >H§ S3 H33 ^t 
S3 feS # 5^ tSHH^S S 7 H33 Ijfefe 

H33 SI fe? 1954 fe3 tofHH^S 3 ?§ § Fj 
%S3H^3 feHS fefeiHW 3t HS 7 !!?? 7 cft§t Sfet I 
S-dHy | c5HHH3t^feFfeHSfef3>H T H'§’S3HT?5 5 
3UH 3t Hd'feS' fefet 3fet §\ feHS fefe’JSH' 
HSrfeS 93373 feSUSt HfSS 3 33 cftst S I 

>H3oF fe3U3t feSGS tFSfHoT S33 3 r 3fe 3 fefw 
3 r StS3FS33ySS 1 3 7 f33 r g! 

iJTWt- 1,88,904(1991) 

13° 38' §\ fes. ; 79° 24' U. 3S. 

3,u.-fit. fe. § . 5 : 380 

fe^rtraret : htss 7 uss hst (w?) 3 fess 
fe^- fes 3U3t sss 3 yfes sfes fegust ^ 10 fe. 
Ht, S3 fes usfet §143 HfeiH 7 IffeSS WTS’S & I fes 
H§ ss 7 ^^ 3 feiw ufe fes us 7 ^- §xt3 sfe»r 
sfe»s §1 757 Ht. (2,500 |§) §St USSlt §§ fesf 
3 feel HISS'S SofSH^SSSSlt §t U3 7 3§t Sfe^f 7 
feS H33 3tf3t §W 3 SSS »9ft3 HIS SOfeT 'H33 7 
fes fes SI fes feHSS ^Hfet 3 1 feel ssN 7 
5HS Si feH H33 3t UfeSSS 7 HSfe #tf3 sfet 




fcFFfeFF 404 



fayy if faF 1- 9 f fart §■ ftiFW nttur fee - feHF 
MFF M'Qe at ’>f T feP>f r FFt Ht fFdt H'tfl I sl'dd Ft 
»fWt F ufOM' fet cTF Ft tat sWfcl tF HH73H T a>' 
Htdd dloi rtdl Ht fHPH 1 " I tT c(ti MdldtH tH't! Ft ~3f Qy 
HT UFUF TFW (Sfel i-l'd F *o(d' J &o[ ri'ct Ft 
M T fFP>f r afet fHtttfl Ht I HFF F Mdd'it fet Hfe ojdt 
foUF ?fet fHFFtl feH HFF tit UtF ?5Ft dtH'd' Ft 
fdlctdl feF HdO'rt fet »1'Q t! FF U?T Uft UltHcrlj aft 
MifFFaTI 

HFF F HTHUHT FtW" Ud'dld-F feH MHy'rt t 
fFH <J 9? Ft Faffer y£ l GyiM T FH7 I fet FFt SFHT 
MF TTff fFF Ft HF FF FTTI fey 53l?F>F feF 

iruanHH, M^nr afar nrt arfw fIff Ft sat nar i 

HFF F^ fOT Hflid feF yiF MtF Mdl HF 3y 
ft hoto - , HHarat FFfy gaw a few afet fi fet 
yft»F, ffe# Ft»F FttF >HfF Ft»F FoTW Ft 
uwt»r rfet>y Far i fet afet fthf F^ffe mf hftw Ft 

■— d 'S' 

H<? FF US’ I MTfafW fed drt 1 MF Hdof <V« FUclf! 

<1 

TO F taat Hfe^ aFW Ffw Ffe»F t HfF fet 
HFd'H t WTfet aFW UFfF»T tF note' FI 

W?t - 17,080 (1991) 

13°41' §. feu. ; 79°25' U. WF. 

F.y.-fey. ar. feu. 23 : 393; H’fu feut»r 

fdd^fdMd : FtVRWf FFT (FFF) F 
fFFTWUF few F tFUH HMWF feF HF tFFtT few F 

o — 

ttdl^dl 10 ft. >t.fF§feFfeHfeFHfnFFlfetfHF 
Ft F 1- HFF ^ faTT Ft»F FFF »ft MFF Ft»F t/t^'d' 
f“F §F feFF^ f'oTFtoF 9^>F F?7 ! fet HFF’F HftlF 
>HF 3d?F ^ FF5T HdF^'d >XF .dd<^d1 HFfF f%F 
sl'dl fdlcidl fed rto( FdH*' iidl ’H'Of dfdF F?T I 

- 1,68,642 (1991) 
i3°io' §■. feg. ; 80°i8' y. Far. 
a.y.-f^v. ar. tfe. 23 : 402 

fdd^ihK I cfdtt d'F (FFF) F W ^fcfFt fdH 
f%F fyd^cS'yTyFH (fFtFK) fe^r % WfFoPFT 
FHHoT f%F feo( SF 1 " frid 1 H fdd F frTFF 1 ’ 
fyd^cS'y'UFH F 5 fe. Ht. FUF f?F hIff Iff 
sidK'rt r<^y<S F 1 " fFoT ^sJ 1 4fF U'dTtS HFF Ffew 
SfFM 1 ' FI ftP>TW o(l d 1 i-TF F fe" d'^rtSd Ft HFlt 
fFWHF F IFFt UIF^F F F^F MSF lfFH T 7FF r F 1 " HtFT 
Iff HFF f%F, FF f%F >HF FFF f^LFUF f%F 

feTtWFFFI 

Wt- 31,868 (1991) 

8°21' §■. feF.; 77°5' U. FF. 

F.y.-Wu. ar. fe-. 23 : 399 



fe?^FtW : d'fertrt'g FFT (FFF) 
tltl'^d few fed fFoT HlFF ^ F FF^F HfFF F 10 1 

— d — 

Ht. Ft FFt ^F HfFF F I fFF Ffedt ?7Ft F ^FF > 
FFF feF F# 1 IFF ^ftW 3faW F I fFF HfFF 19 
HFtfeFFFFdVTFof HFltF F HF 7 ^ HFTl FoFF >HF: 
Ht FCTWFFF FFF HHFF F I fFF HF F fFF FfFF 
oRTS FTF feF FftF feF I fFF Ft ^F §" Hofet y 
FFt I FF H'M i-irWdl F Hdlft feF fex Hdlldo( ( d 
HFHt F HF # HFTtF UHt fe^F F t HVFFF feF ft 
« t! F?T I 

>H T F T Ft - 14,495 (1991) 

F.y.-R T fy : 39 

fddF'rtl : FFF F MW FfelT FFT F fe 

as »\ 

ftHrt feF fed feo( Hdd^ddrt dldtj Mh^'* F ftlH 
HFFFr fFFUFt SF F fFFHTFFt HFF Fft f 
life F I feF cTFkjHH »fF fFFUFt F FtFfe 
feFfe UFt ^1 feF F fFFUFt HfFF 62 fo. Ht. ® 
feFMFoTFtUFH 41 fe. Ht. ^UF feF F I feF HF 
- d T feyF FF FfetF §UF ^ftW JfeM 1 " F frTH o 
feF HFFFT S' MFlfet (FF TTfeiF tF HofF 7 FI 
xfdd feF fecT UF'dl ftUF fH? ft F H 
HUFFlfetW H^fet FT MHF'cS HfeM 1 " FfeM 1 " F fffl 
FFHcF SFt FF HFfe 5Tfet feTFdt feF HFW 
FFI UFfet fUF F^7T ffet 365 UFfeF FFI FFoT ' 
HF F fear fFF F HF T HF HFf Ffet ^"1 HfFF Ft HFlt 
feH HFF UFF Ft FI 

13°11' %. feH.; 79°37' U. FH. 

J.y.-feu. F. ffe. 23 : 397; fe3t»T : 83 

fddftrt^ttl : feRjr — fen f fdf^iF 

oCd'HHTT F tF (5'rt ?t H , fe:'>f r TFF 1 0" I fed sf‘d 
UF ^UFt FTT FfHWTi'y F 1 " feF fey F fiTFF T 0 
life Ft §F feF 11,433 ?■. far. Ht. f Fart < 
Ifew Ffe»F tl fen Ft fff »rwt 25,01, 
(1991) 1 1 FFT F ft) ftjyt feF fddrtft'irtl ftH<V H 

^ar ynar f i tanfe?? H r feHt uhf fen fe^ f 1- Ft 

F I fed H 1 fd« onFFFTH Ud'WldF 3 1 Hy F 
Ffe»T Ufet HTVF Ftar FF 1- tTfer 1 1 FfeFUFTft Fl 
fen ftT^ - Ffer ifevft urfe fea 1 Ft fararKF 1 " f i 
F fe>>r fe^- F FFF fet Ft UFH £ FfFF 1- 31 
fet Ft FFUtT TT^Ft Ffet J fHXW FI ITUTFHD- 
HHUT FforfttH HFrfW feP>F tl FHaTT 
HFTT t 1 feF HHFF feF tF feFTF r 1 1 §FFFt HFc 

yatar m fea m*'* 1 FUFfy ffet fta & fff 

Ht I flat feH HFFHFF Ft HU HH T HF Ht I UftTtTJ 
HFFFFF F HTFfe ttt 14 fe. Ht. ttUF ^IF F?fe 
aaddi'd Hutua FFfetFi faF^rfeu.1 Hfea ferr 
F 7 HFF-yaTH F ferFF 1 ' F+HFUFaft FfFM T F tt o 
FIFM 1- 1 1 feH F PTFFfar Ft FfFM 1- F FF FF ftT 
aH 1 HHFF HfFF UHHHcTSFfet ^felM 1 ’ dfedf" 1 1 




405 



fafj - at ^'dfaoTd 1 ' aa Rat a fair Gt tow, 
fearo yi'Qi, gat Ga yat at aafet TOdt Qa^idi' 
GwfTOdaaigataaaatyi'El fe^'t rr TOr§ 1 ^3 T 
Qtjq di ai 16 at aat :a fea aaa atafet fHwrofor 

at^T Hddldlfetf*' 3 1- o< t!d fdU 1 31 
J.U-^te. ftf. W. 11 : 797 

PddAtt^ttl : Hfera — fea 3*33 a aa aaa 

as 

fea HfUd H T fHW?7 r f a 1 ?! 3 fea ut F a tF 

HTO-HoTHt ftTU^ 3fe3U3?G3f3>>F3tf3yaGU3 
3 I fea§ fdjS'dtft wt fe^T tTF 3 I WST TO 
a H>f fer afaa ?ira w yfaa aaa a^ ati 

TddtVftGttt’ <7 i "d r f>fB' SW fro + 33 + #Wt (dfWdd 

+ o'rt + 'S'?? ) at hUI a y a 1 for ana aa? - 
aH33 dTO fea 3 fe f^ aa fe^ Gt H3a3T 3 miG - 
f5fKHdU'§ ataaaatsawatdyaaGGtatatl 

for wfdd 3 fytHrtl Gt HOWbl U r U?T r HK 3H 3 

31 fea yaa fea fear ^ GtUdfdid dGa to - few 
Gi fea aat aua, frora, aitaa w ifea wu 
toGt Gduai ferfea UcT 1 >>fgfeor afro fea faa 

Hdof'dl o('«tH 33 fHdd Waafet. - oTHFtT yft1«dfnd1 
<V HHTO - U?T I 

»TWt - HfTO : 1,35,825 (1991) ; H. d. 
3,66,869 (1991) 

8°45' G. fea.; 77°45' U. 33. 

3.U. - ft. fe f . 5 : 380; >>t3. ft. IF. 11:797 
PddHdlrtH : aGRrtcVg 331 (sJ'drf) 3 H^d'dl 

fea fea at a^ a 3%a a 1- fro fey afro a 
(Vldd 1 Gd<sl-sf'ddt drt d'd O^d H33fet H fdd 3 1, 
ya, warddi 20 feat. (12 Hfer) Gt g^t 3" 
<?To( / h t ai fro afaa <? f «1 GG 1566 at. fea 
tf Gt fey fciHdl HtrPua oTlGl afet at PhHcS 
aw? fey fey afaa w aa iroa to few 1 

fey afaaf^ywtaaarGdCjdi yyfuaai 
far 3 fewd 1 fea wfod yyy roia »G1 yfet ufea 
aifeGGtaMyTO 3H3 33Tfa3 3Ety3f>>F>f3t F# 
ai 

>tfa i Gt - 34,601 (1991) 

9° 50' §\ f?3.; 77° 59' U. 353. 

U-.y.-fW. 31. fe. 23 : 394 

fecJVPoreW ^ftd > >f r 3' : TOTFTOT HWt 3 felT 

* — 5S 

fw 4? r fyttcS- ?T3or w 3?7H ufawp fl*^dl, 1895 §■ 

fma fea fefH'cWf fed afaw i fea Grit Gh3 t s 
fea^ f^cTH %B3iF w JFtaraa )# i fea ^ frore' 
»f3 toi 3 fea TO3 uftrot yoj3 

srtati ferr 3 7 aT5t >H3 hw fea 19 aa^ 



ferawni 

^a 5 t ^feaa TOafenr i fea a wya w totto fey 
aaita a opwa a^ ww ytat i 

tot 1939 fea fafwa^ $ ny^d fea^'a 
yd'fe^r fep>r aa ifea aaaa ^ nafta a 3 a at - 
firxfl’ feat afet i tot 1957 fea fea a waaa at 
TOTta ^ncraat TOfta aaaaa at fuat ?rar 
Havctaa ata r faPK r i fea aa at fea a i oFHTOuat 
yfeaa’ aa ‘nafta aroa >HoraHt waa ; w awa 
iCuaafeRFi 

19 aa€a 1 , 1967 §■ fea at ita a afet 1 

a.y.-j. a g - 1900-1980. 

fdd^rt'Hrt'Gl ; aTfkaarf aar a faa^- 
w?l H'y^'dM'd fe^- a fea a 1- a aw w 
asa-Hdaf a i fea Gtfet a T aat at fearoa- 
traa?aK anr Gua ^fe>ir a 1 fea afaa a a 1 " a 
a ‘ufeaa ^naiat yo'dl 1 fea ?a afaa a fesw- ina 
uat fea vsdd w) faat aaf ^ fw 1 1 fea afaa afe 
fesr dd'^a afefesraafafWiyaGaat ua?ft 
ydddl afaa a fra arar feaiyadaaaaa 
ira^at avara ara mia tfa fw at»f wf Ga- 
^fd fea a Oh ^ w aro hh ' d a oGd 1 s 1- faPH 1 " ^na 
gaa >ya aa a 5 a?ft Gat aa aa feat i afe 1 fa^- >na 
uwat a a*- fea a fea ua ffet at tfw ua 
HH'd a aafeaaa ^afejr >nat fea aaa 1- cfet a r a r 
GfergrfewfTOFiGTf affeag- fea^ddd'd 1 irGa 
ffef a?rat cftat >na y'dddl §" fa at aaaat wet 
aa- aa ast fen fW a ira^at f fenf ¥d ¥d 
ufeaa fa una'd'd sraa w aaa fea 1- , 
faf^Taaafet G77 aaaa feG 1 fea ?f 1 aG 1 uwat 
fea aaa T a T a aa a aat at w ftre' fea ira^at Gat 
0 "d wr at rt'd a au fea yaaia aa feraa 1- far 
ira^at a wra aa aa a 1- fea fe<^ 5# 1 TOH 3 fea 
uarat a ua*- fea gynddl aaa sftat yddayl 
fea aaa y^ r fe»r frow 1 - 1 aaa (afro-aaro) a 
Hata fea fea fea mr aaia 1 - a 1 yraat ua^ at fea 
Gat Ga fea da ' it at era fea fea ^ wsnw aty 
aai'Q'G aa 1 fea uaat >na aaa at fef a hwh a 
aa ^<5 aa aaaor a^ faaaaa ata 1 - afe- at, 
oiaaw at>/r safety fea aaa Haaa - dat a 1 aa 
1753 a 1790 at. atafeYGroaataaaaai 

fea aa faa^awfet aaoa w fea aaaa, 
>H T a-a>H T K' fe»'d at»a dat Gutf at aat »ia fea 
aaa ?w daa a 1 fea wf at aat ?t aaiat a 1 

Wat - 1 , 09,196 ( 1991 ) 

12 ° 14 ' G. fea. ; 79 ° 04 ' U. OT. 

a.U— f^U. 3T. ffe. 23 : 401 




406 



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fdd^§^ : feu - wShHOTIT eHT ot eferw% 
w.tft, mot few ot fee efee S i fee- efee et eewOT 
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ofeer e i fof.F net taws ftjOT>r et seeiH'yl aer 
ot sie uOTef of ^ i fen Hfey fee OTd Hed gw ! 

fee 1 fee fire mot wf few hot fee# w 
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e# fee# fee ei fee efar to*f efefe- ffe 
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wsw-fwoHOT cot e ue fee fee OTsdt hot sot 
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swt w w vftOT Tsuh w > T ’ fe ot fee ottw et i fee 
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mot fe ewt wee-wwe fweer e efe i mot fee fe 
fee Hew ffef mot fee ew fee uee-Hew efew e i 
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ewe fee sot ffer ew fe fw fee fees'" w 
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fee Se feswe S# ew i fe^ msotot fw ufswe 
ototm e ufet fee Set hott hot uer $ ew e 
ee<ee eelw otot e i yefe sw 1 eOTfe 0# etOT 
fee ototm - fee se 1 " # MefOTtM*" fewfeiMOTr el" uewt 
met feet e i fee hot Mfefewe hot fe uaefe eftfe 
ewfiwgi 

W# - 38,564 (1991) 

13°8' f\ fee. ; 79°55' U. He. 
e.y.-feu. hi. fee. 23 : 399 

: otShw wot fe ufewt new srfs 
eew e fee wee ot hot weraei 300 fe. w 1 400 fe. 
e feesre efew otot ei fee set ewt ttw neee 
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fwfeH 1 " fdl'OT e l 

fda^^d fed« J fe e eje ot wye e fee fee 
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uye othot fee hwotw oSot few e ue efe fee# 
tews, as hw ew fee w WOTfw ot otot eee 
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odd 1 otot ei fee et otot w e r fewcr eewOT et ofeet 



'HfOTOT e^OT e 1 ‘§ew' et wf>rw we?’*' e feew 

OTOT W fwt SOT OT HOTW OT W feewt fw U1 
TTW cftOT OT HcfOT e I 

e.U.-fij. S 2 : 506 

fdd^'el : fee wfewww we e hotso f 
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fe.Ht. (6Htw)etfei WOTfOTOTSifee i86oet. 

fee et ?r e otmh# ot hot-hoth' Sot et 1 fei 
feesfetOTe (eefew fee uswevr) ue ufe 
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ferf w eowerewe e ?e otw eSw»r wot e 5 
feTf fee tweset fey' uey wtee-wrew S' 1 ew 
hh ew ew nee e esfwyr efef Hewfee §- 
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eerwetyf w 40 w str feOTHtr ot fwetMwew of 
e 1 fee efee fee eeffw efet new, tfeer efw ■> 
Meteet efet e§w eefeiw ewi 

nfWt - 14,495 (1991) 

10°53' f - . fee.; 79 ° 6 ' U. HW. 
e.u.-feu. 3 T.fee. 23 : 398 

fdM (Sesame) : fee QfwfHMHt (Pedaliace 

ew ot fee seet, yfetwe 1 ' hot e, fee ot fefew 

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eww fw fww hot sw r Sot e i fee e Sot ot e 
ue Tewtee ew# ejwfet ot eie |ot sot Sot 
feeet wefet 2 eet. w 2.5 e.et. ws Set ei S 
nee Seffw mw Meet otot w 1 ftw few e 1 we. 
Shotot eew wot e ueei ot U 3 T hotot e fer uw 

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stot w et fw7 w fwwew e we w otsw f 
fepfeM T otot fw e 1 

fww mot we w otS eiee w fee fes f- 
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few e otw ot eer hsot, fw ot ww Sot 

fee OT WOT OT UCfeT OTW, OTefw W feOTS 1 " HOT 
esfeNe mw Mwe wfw net st oftwr otot e 1 ft 
e efet Meet ejw ew ftrs fww ot otot ot ot^s 




407 



frewar, w wary? 



yfef fo ife W^W fw $ HsTTftcT W aafof" §" freW 1 " 
w 7 a 1 ear? for fuare re aar wd" ret few 7 re 7 3W 
J5W afare 7 " fo fof fo W Htr? reare fof faa- 
awfj re aaftfo W" fo ret Hrfwa 5T3W W?t few 7 re 7 
rew wafo ffo w a i aiawre wret ret few 7 re rew 
w (few hw fere yrefetw re) reare fere 
fwwfoH 7 W 7 O'! few re #FF ret reare W # 
aaftfo WEt ret offet Weft O' I 

U'.U.-fefe.t, 5 : 383; fr.U.f&.U 7 . : 210 

fdK^r : ffea foa W (3W) W awj'lj? 
fe^ re 7 afaa a - feare 7 nfret r-aawyw aw ufot §fea 
»fe reread 'ya afaa re aawt wt arear §ya refarr 
afore a i fear yfoa waa aHH 1 ? 1 refore afore 
fore 7 a ua fo re 7 fefea'H aare 7 yaw Taft a i aw 
1857 re area reaw fo a aawrew afare realty 
?aw few aia aw foa cfo forafe w fore fore 
ireaftre reare are safer aw i fa rew for rea 7 foa 7 
reaa 7 are 7 at foa fo aarere 7 fo fast wat at ua fas 1 
aw-uafo aww ?rew for awt awt fre^ re 7 for ffer 
rewa area aw fawn faa 1872 at. re fefauwfo 
aa r fere a i foa ajre rere rewrft reaw 7 ret rerererre afo 
a i fofow faa feare, fafore >refre refer aawre 1 
feO'Husal w Haafer atrefer afore aw i 

rraret - 42,980 (1991) 

27°58' f .fea., 79°44' U. Wa. 

ry.-for-aT-f^a. 23 : 359; rea fear ufo 

ffetfoT : aa re wa are fare §■ fewer fea 7 rere 1 
aifaafre^rerew, area, area arfre ?rew via rfe aata 
re fear fya warfore refe 7 ai fare are re aat feaa 
aw aaa fewaaat rear ?rw wfo fore aw 1 are few 
(are 1 -) fewa fof reawre faayre (aw) fewa warfere 
awi 

urea yaw wwrea iawre Hre fere afo fewa 1 ' 
w afo fear re afo ww w a wfew afore 7 ai wa 
faa fore, aa re s'd'few, refet re anrre, aw re 
affrere, aret fo re feaw, aret are re aaarew, ife are 
re fefeoja, aat ^a re rerew, aat are re 5rfaa, aa Hre 
re faaiaa, few re area, wre wre aaa re reaaa wr-r 
w a fewa wife 1 " reretre a 1 

r.u.-ft.a.; aa. 

fec?^ oTK^T HfeT : for foa areT a frea fea 
re fware >are areft a a aa are aw i rea arer ref re^ 
fea fere ^t »raat fere aa >are >n^aat fere anw 
few ret aare aret a 1 rtaaaf fere aare aa ?afere a 
rfe atare aa ret rfaat fere few ?are aret a ! for ret 
are yw, refet arrea-ayaw, aret feare yfe aaret 



area a 1 for $ are re faa ufaa fere arfojr refo" a 1 
fej d'di rea, aw, fewar mw aaw > H T 1 re arer tpw 
fewre - a 1 for faara-aa ucfw areT a 1 for fere waat, 
rerere >>rfre ^aa aww fere yrfre aw 1 

»rreat - a 1 " a ar a, a a a a a a, a 1 - 1 
areaaf - a^aaaar, a 1- , aaaar, a^wti 
a.u- ftafta raaa reauw (rere ufer) aret 1 

fsvoc, afeT didi'Ud : w afaraa fewre 
(1856-1920) w ‘awre ifo rewaftfe-arfeora a' re 1- 
ww re a rereret arereaw-forra w ?fet aa freret 




y 1 <y> araraa fewsr 



re yfwfeiwre rereret nrwt ww wret foare a §wi 
»rafecr rerere ret wret re for reTrarerw re 7 " rewa 
arewfeidt (aafearea) re fere a^w-areaw urafo fere- 
23 awret, 1856 $ faw areraa aaraat re ura arre 7 - 
arefot fot ret ay 1 ^fear i fop- w feara wreraa 
faw (few- arewfefet) ret wreat rexft aret (feara 
faarew-affor rear aret) ?rew i87i fereafo>ri 

fef ret fafw ^aa aw 7- fere 3st fe§fer fa 
at fre^ 7 " re fare 7 q^reyat agw re aafo freaat 
fafy-»r fewaucraa aw 1 

for ulaa fafw arereat, aw re fenarre 1 ", 
aw ffeor, fere^w, ware, faaaatwr re arfere re ret 
afoaawi 

fop- w reaw >yrereHW an 1 fed arre rea^aw 
otwt (1885) ret aanjw sffeti fo srwre fere for 
aa aa 7 ataa ret aa 1 foa arrerre rerere fere ret aifwre 
re tjlaa rew fo 7 aaw 7 rerere aw 1 

fere W Arctic Home of the Vedas, Geeta 
Rahasya re Orion aarefe fwyfer fearefor fop- re 



UTfS3, fefeUS 3 HS3U 7 fe felWS 7 »fe H^'tS 
US' ut Ufet sfddlw US I 

UU sfdldl U 7 HUH 1 rldl'Gi ftdl Hd'd'Hdd feu 
UTSlfet 3 ffeifet U HSU fes 7 £ ^feufe Wpt HSfes 
Ut UUUU 7 HR[ ofldl I 

fe ?} 7 S Utrs USdOS HH'fedl ??S HUU Su $ 
d'HcSldl feu U#U cjfe 7 3 - ^ 7 ^- (HHsf) 3 HUUU 7 
UfUTUUt U ufefeu UfdSoT 7 HU 1 " fud 7 ! feTf s ?u 
cfes 1896-97 feu U^-feUS 7 3 USUT U UUTtuf 7 Sfe 
d'dd cTUH 7 §" tjfV few Hdt J5oF U UU~UfSUU rtfcfl 

fuifeu uruTuu quuur 7 ut fe ^3rrat ; ’ ufet uuft uuu 

difcfl I UHJUU sid'fe S HU” US 7 U USUT-cTfeHSU US 
3 feu 3u UfUlUU-WUUU S H 7 ? fefe 7 Hi- UU5PU S 
1897 feu fuS 7 fefe UTUTUU 7 feufa fecT 7 S UUcUfes 
U 1 ” HotUH 7 td (6 1 fe W I sf 'd-dl ifeddd 1 rtfdd feu feu 
HafUH ut ufefet w u fafe'ler feu ut Uufe- fesu s 
UU cftfet ut fe 24-25 uffeuf 7 U feWS UUS 'UWtT 

hu 7 urunfiTO-ufluoPu u, feu jyis ? uufeT 7 i’ us 
US I feu cfe f^U feuS 7 fe 18 huHsue ut fu gsfet 
Ufetfe 1908 feu fe^i- fe £ US Ut HU 7 US’ U HSS 
US feu UtT fed' feTW I fed c5‘ UUU 1 U t 3 Ufd s r fe 

VI 

Scf 7 S HUoPU fecfe UUoPfes U UU feu Ut 1 882 feu 
UU Hfeffeuf 7 Ut UU fefet Ulfe ut I feu 3TJ 7 fe u uufet 
UdddUrUUTUSUUfeStyS'dfe US fUTf 7 fe fefeufS 
Css US Ut UU 7 124 E Wits UU 7 fefet Ufet I 

fe?fe s wus sf'Hi' s fouu 7 uuf uuTufe ui" 
S3 3 fe?)' U urffeWvj'd 1 S HU*" u usss few u 
Uffsw ffelU tz US ut U^cS' -Hdl’yl »S H-^d'd s 
wife nffeuu ^Pt uuru uus sut Curfew i feu 
uwt ^rfet u tsusu 1- us 1 feu yw uuyuut 

(Militant Nationalism) U USt US I si'dd U UU HU 

feu SU+ ut uast £ feu feydu'd 1 sufewiiunu 
feu Hdd'd wife ffeu ufu?u U ufet U^USi- 3 1 
uwu u ^nutufet # fe7p" Pr y=rfed usi uuuu 
wife fetu u fei^ u ufetw s inuu feu f3su u 
wuuu 1 " ysuu UUU iHU 1- S 1 " uus, uuuut §" 
WJ*'G3', uufefefuw W UUU UUS U U^UUT 
UUfS oTUS ffet »?§SS sfew fe U fe?7 s fesu uf 
1908 feu 9U) - fereufeT U UU UU U fe7 ut feufet 
3U %U UU3U ir§s ut UU uul- fe I 

feSU 1889 feu UfeTUU fe UUS UU U tTfeS- 
W feu S'S uu uu 1 feu feu feu U1UU UU U SU 1- UU 
ife feu UU I feu WHS UH 1 u fes HUS' fjfefe US, 
US 3" SS (US dldl'Ud feSU, feflS UUU US 3 
SS 1 " »' rlU3 US) fefe fed HU US I fed UfeU feu 
UfeTUU HUS U HU §3 26 UUUU, 1919 S > Hf>{3UU' 
WE US fet UiEUlW S WUS HfUfU UFUSW & 



8 T HSl HWUT3 offer | fer 1917 feu feTf fs tfer 
feu UUS ?U US fe ufefe SUE fust fe I 

1916 feu fesu S wfe U US 3 llfdrt 1 UK Ui 
HfUH HU Ufef 3 feU SfeU UUS ut fe^ - S SU HS 
(Sfe ug 1 HfeoTdd) feu 1- US SUT fuw I feu UU1 
sfeusfeu uus u ufe US UUU UUI 

Hdd'dl Sofetw # Hd'HcSHl U 7- UfetUS, UUUli 
UUS 7 - S W§U 3 >Mfe SS ?T-fHSUU3S fe 
HUSUWBtuiUUfwWMS^UHl 
fSUHUU SUHSGT feSU £ feU 7 Ui fe?7 S 189 
feU 'UUS HUUST’ fe HUT fefe UU fe UfeTUU S fe 
§■ 1929 feU WJU^few I 

fefe W WES USS 7- 1 >HUTU3, 1920 S UUT 
feU UfeW I HUSH 7 UFfe U HUfe feU 

“u 7 # US HHUSl»r feu ufe fe fesu fe 
Su 7 u ffefe s Sfer sfe fe nfuw 3 8fe fe fu? 
ufe uuu 7 wruss fei §u fes 7 ^fer Sfe s 

3UTUS HS I wGs UStW lit^tw 0d*' 

WUfeu 3S3 U fSUHS 7 UU W UUSUftw \” 

—0u ps ufe 

fdrtoc : feu feu fe? U feuu 7 UHU U1UU fe 
we 'wru 7 ' 'wtu 7 ’ »fe ‘ssrfe fe? u 7 ut feruu ; 
feu U feU |U U P>Sd£ us-us uus, ufe uus > 
psssss 1 feu fe fusus US 7 fufe fefe U I 

stuf feu 1 ?fer feu 1 
feu usi uuu uferii 

(US 7 

fesu 7 U 7 ^ W |U feu u-us uus Ijfeuus 
HUTS, 11s usifeufeGuujusui 

UJU U fuu UI (Sfd IFUS S'! 

feu ts UUI H 3 HU UUII 

feu fe? s 'ufuasHS-’ ufe ‘uusu 7 ’ fe uf? 

USI 

UUU U'dH'dl U UJf fesu feu fe feut j 
wfew fe fefe :— 

f^U SUT HU 1 fUUH U 3U I 
fes US UUU I §S |S UUU II 

U.y.-H.t : 592 

fdWcJI ot'el d'dl : UTUH3 HUffe UU3t U 7 f 

ufsu US ut" Ulf feu uferu fe feuuu us iiuufet 
feof UUU SHS 7 U I fesUT ufe oUfe EUT U 7 feu HI 
usufe ufe UUTU UUTfe sfe Ulffe ^foTU 7 u 1 

U 7 ? = feuus = uus - sufe, 




i-t'i/t = ~ ^o(d - HUd<i , 

= USH, >fe'dl = H3tT, HVF = >fa V3 
>H T fS = H r 3‘HU^U J OTK,U77i'H r 
ni^SS "RT^IT, UKUHTHHl'd'H 1 ' 

fey aw fes fears, SS few m3 Hfef gS 
HIT y<5dl did H't! S7T 1 fey d'dl Wff?T pHd.^ 3JJ ddl 
yd'tdd’ rffS’St’ yeasts I 

S.y.-»Tfe cfiq d'dl-rtH-dJdtS'K fftW 

fd&dli-il '. fes sf'dd S’ d'fHttrt 1 ^ d'tH fes 
iPtffuSH HSadFS S cSddld, yHSS SS fecT ufedS 

Sf dtS §• ireus fffef fear WZ offe 7 I cQf rff 3 §y 
few £ Hfr fes ufe s hf S’ stfdfefeH 7 fays fetr 3 
QdcV > H3T dis dole US I fePi cede for Hfci'ft S 7 cV 7 
fdWdJtft ftPH 7 ! E T> HS fes fey CTS fes fey feoT 

dldt^'d' QiiTd'H 1 ' fERH r l 
S.y.-H.S. : 592 

fawraT at : fes ss feet faddy'* tfesf 
fmt 3yf y?fe w3t s fe mss 7 hs# 1 wife sss 33 
Osbrs fes foyf afet fossf s us afef Qyt»r fes 
fes HSJ5 7 *1 S 'Wife' Sf S37T fa?5St 9" fay cSS* - fey 

iMddy'A felJS^sfeTSH 7 
Sf St as* 7 HfoW tfeS 7 S I fey SS fes ^Hon?" UBS 
Sf HfSH 7 dFEt afet SI fey fes HTOVFSt fey 3 
yyd'^ttl sf ^afe 1 affaf afef s 3+ far hk s aw- $ 
OT affa 7 S 7 yS I fes SS y'fSdoT tf^H'U'dd Cfosst 
dtd* 1 S >HS for fes f{f 3JS 3JS nTdd fes Hoife-id 
SS 7 S 7 >H5oS<f ara?> S 7 CT377 offer SI 

s.y.-H.s; dssf ?^-fw fifty ush 

fe&BT BfeT : fes 

fWiff 5"S S 7 fear >HSS | 
d'dl SI for d'dl f¥S fdtdd 
>H3 S?T nft 

H T ofi’ fTS HS m S7T I fTiTFS 

’hs ush st fey a^sr fes 

HSTS SI ^St HS UFTFS ’HS 
feWH^JlfeTOT? § 
fS<S S StiT uftlS SFfeW 
iT^SI 

»rssP- y grn u?ry. 

>y^sst - y ?ruH3ry | 

oryt 7 ^ 3 fey fes s?s 
ys K 7- 3 fyy?r y^w hItw 



‘hit i{^y ssyE■ , fes fdAdn §• fstw sf feysP 

feftPH 1 " I 

3\y.-H.t.; flr.t. 

fd^dl 1 *' : fes TO S 7 feor Ifste 
tidd ss 7 yp fyy s 7 feyys f{l9w (yd yd ) 3 ■Qft stt 
~fe( SS 7 yfl- >Ht fes fSHST ?F 7TW iffi^CT 3\ Udf 

HTOHro H'HOI dttdl sI'Hl Udd 7) fdAdl rt' oTfSS yP I 

ofe got 7 s 7 fes hs s far fes yys d'WdHdl, ipwn 
»fs stnyres us 7 ^ 7 fedd'd us 7 yf w foy 7 
us^bw 7 fro oc^H^d, ^Mrtywsfyy^s fH<sfwdi 
Scf oTSTT fe(7 IRPWtnr §• fddfAdl fbrs 7 fsp>ri fey 
fddfedl S 7 fedlfdm 7 sfe>>T |U fdttdl'cS 1 ^1 fey 
ysss Q“dd fes dlti^dl sst <sfdtT| ytl Vi'dlft oTW 
fes fey yss §■ >yfes srfss yf uss H'U'dd |u 
fes >Hfes ?sy sf ?ss csfesr m3 fs yys 7 
rfef off# sfet & fair 7 3 >nfes srfepx 7 3 ftfe^yf’i 
wjs s^fenr s fefe f^'HtS 1 ?isf st wfet 3 # qrys 
gysTri^'yfeoi >Hfess r sfesi{ r sf7r fdHdi i (S 1 yss 
Erfew & uhs us ferasiw 73 s 7 otet yss tos 

TTSf^l 

S.y.-fS’.fe.S 5 : 422 

f375t (Spleen) : fes ffefe 7 ?ref >HS HS dfe 

feysH s 7 fear >hht ah fest fess s yt ipy fsst- 

9^ fes vfe-UdS (diaphragm) S fy«o(« fes yfes 
ssf ti ^y-^y w3\w m3 ^y-^y §hs s ij^shr 
fes fe^f s >>rars, yi'^d, asr-ju m3 yfesf fes 
^yfe 7 u r fedf r tss 7 yf i 

H7?y fes fswf S 7 S 7 ? RSISST 225 3f. SS 7 3\ 
^ S ^ >HS SS fes f^rjf S 7 S 7 ? §?f s 

Hdldd ^'d S 7 0 .25% SS 7 S tT^ fe fettl yddlw 
fes fes Hdldof s 7 ? S 7 0.05% SS 7 SI 

— fesf nfe’css yorw s 7 fear Sy >hht 




si djf fes yfejy fes fey fe^^tufy§5r#fesHfef^f^-H^fefws 7 f^fsyfesqHst , >Ht 

dST S 7 #S^ ESS S I fe^SHW yts>Jf#H T EyHy’E r WfSTfeUEI 



fesfew 7 410 

aa 7 a, few fe waafe aa 7 dfed'd afe a wa fea y^'Q^ 1 ' wfe? satar fey aw sa 7 a 1 fast Sa as 



afetSH fe OafestWH TTW fear tfe afef fefeW 7 9a 7 
9 I fea Uaa ^dfe (Htfe'dt) UHa fea fast UHSt Wa 
fast fea 7 ft afeW 7 as I 

fast fear diywtd'd uwr fe yfet afe 9, ffeafe 
aSaa uafaw 7 fe aafSfst fea afe 9i fea awfe 
fear aw<t' dwti'd oRiTnOiMi dt; 1 9 few a 1 fea uaa 
waa ^e ;?ua as i wau'di feaa a sy-Sa fea 
fsafor fsaftw 7 fast uafew* irastw 7 fefew^ fea 

Urtfe W 7 US, fiddj' S H'dlrtH^fesJ (Sinusoids) d (lit 1 

as, S' wat ffew 7 f^d'^' feu yfe 9 t-dfew 7 as i 
fey 1- sa Fatin' feufewfe as 7 a tfe wa fe d fed a 
aa | s , rt1o(rt' (ucttl h”w 1 ) eras' at fast aiaaw ofe 
a! 

usu a ay St afe 9-a9a wa saa i Haa usu 
(shIoc fey) S wfswfSa feratw 7 aife (nodules) 
aurfew 7 as, fery s nsfejaft orwurrsa erfaa asi 
fey fea fafafeta fefeaa aa as i fsfafefe 7 a 1 
fes 1 # 7 9a ft ata as fe# 1 fesafefe, faafeferwfe 
»afa 9a #S #S as St fey fea aa as i 

s^-asa sa ?as aa Hfesa^y at aat aat 
a i afetsfefew 7 at feacrast fe fast-spafe ss 
aat afe a, faty fea fsfafeta aa as faai? 9st 
ast ata-usir fea aa-fka afe as i aaa wa 
ss-usir a 7 uaw wa vraa 1 " #a-#a feafe fea #a 
?aaatai 

Sa — fast aata a 1 " fear aaa^uas war a i sa 
Hi'Qi ^ e feaaa fea feafe ya ffkor ai fea 
aata e hi ? # satcr-wap fefe fer a, a 
ddtgswiaMw s feaaa at feafe a 7 iw sras; 
tefefew 7 tF aa aaiat d<i * at s mhk sas at 
aHaEF wa as i oret ^a fer fesaa^ w #f #h sraa 
as, ftry f#a sa fe safe 1- svia 1 " a i 

fest w aa #k fstafea yd'Qd 1 a uaa fer 
a fys^ 1 ' fea ufaat^a ua 1- sras >na ^a-aa e*e 
add'd^F a 1- sar ots a 1- sk #t sraat ai ofet 
irat»y fea fea saa-aoraf^ a aara aa #t #k 
sraat9 w aa 1 a>r a aaia # sa at s T s-aora T a^F 
at sa § #tya r ciaat afaat ai aiaa fea »fe cfet 
^a fui 1 ¥t, fest STS-donay a 1 - Sa an 
ciaatai 

feisuaat atynat afehF fea fast fea at 
aaa fea fesat lr afe sa aa 1 ^ ^s Sa wai a 
aa a aa siaat ai §a as-ast fea>F >xa aaafeF 
fea otrat fea>F fea ast-fwa (bone marrow) SFa- 

dcfaTf yd'Od w aa ciaat a fea sat fea #t 
afewf fea fesf fefea afaa sat fesr naa#aas 

ifet a, fefefe fea #h 9a Sat >j?3t a 

if #^>>1 Hdd* a i fea a cfet Sk ftfe fslfeafe 



?fs, bFaat aa a, ufarffe^ ass ura fea as fe 
Sat 9a sift aat fe asSt ftfet sar na S yd fed 9 
feat ai 

fast a fedi'd — saifsa feaifat (origin) a 1 
fes^ EFfea at 9a Sat abrat fSot fast, a 1 w 
aat 9# ua fenafSa Safe, Sa ,|, y r fod Hbaatfe ; >na 
fe>>Fiier-ys a feaFfe a 1- ijys fea fea a^a tra 7 
ai 

feJTdS'd fedl'd' fea aa-aasa 7 (congestion) 
Sa a i war ocaS aa-aasa 7 , faaat fas a tiy aa fe 
dote ; fed id a Ma 1 ^ aa (cirrhosis) bia fast fea sa 
a saia fea aersa/fems eras afe a i fast unat 
fe fea fe»F antpfe fea fwy (thrombi) aa aa 
sa ua 7 aat asrsa ?fs fas fe sa at Stvrat a 
Hofetai 

Sa tF-rfea (engorgement) 7EE W-T aa a fest 
a 7 bfora sa 7 9 fea 7 ai 

a.U.-^TT.fe. 21 : 244 

: fea fea^ aar (iw) a aafet 
asT fe^ - a feaa a faaa 7 aSaa afe»F at larfeor 
sat, yd'oid' a Sa fe# feS’iF Sffea 7 ai aSaa 
afe»F fea bffea afe 7 fe Boraaf >>Ffa Safe sfe 
aSaa afe ufeora a^'fe»F fapa 7 bta fea a 7 uatr 
aSaa afet craudas s aftw fawi spatiaHs 
fey yd'dd' afawt yet s fej >Fa S fed aa- 
Safe fasfebF #h >na ?fs at fasafea ua-ferafe 
Ufa yd'fenFi fea iF^a usfe fe 4000 fes^a 
feast ua 7 das fe aaaa 7 a i fea a s^ at fasaNa 
as-faafet ^a?F ?fs 15,000 Has aat fe faafet 
Stfefefeai 

24°5i' §\ fea.; 85° 30' y.sa. 

a.u.— ffena-feafea MftiHa; ^'Pedotedl tfena 

fa- 1983 

feHoT fHW : fea Saw few 7 yafetfe faa 
febraa 7 fea s 7 ? 7 a fea a ara-uiaTfew 7 a ^aa 7 
wa aw as a 7 Sfe aSaa at i fea s wwa fa aa 7 , 
afet aw law tee as S aaaa 7 aTfaa a aaw a 
aaa iraaw a 1 wfaa feSw 7 wa few aa few i aja 
a^ fea aarfe a aaa aa 9a wa ‘aa 7 wa Sa 7 war’ 
ddHcvS afet wa aaaa eftat i fea ya 7 wa was 
aowsw 7 aw 7 ww few a aaa - iffeww feS afaw 7 
9few 7 a wa fea few 1- sars 7 sfe wa Saip- fea ft 
aytw 7 afew 7 as i 

faSar few, feas ‘aaat fe^ar few’ arfa S' 
afaapfaw 7 fea 7 at, a Saa ajafaa s sw 7 aa? 




411 



ure nt ?fttr a# i fen nan ?nt §• f #crat erura-’^ 
fen 7 " fen 7 ftU 1 ' 3 I 

yf|- aia arfan few i# 3 1686 nt. (nH3 1743 ) 
fen gsmiw #3 n fen §■ wow nga £t nfewnt 

>H3 Ife nfdyd'few n HHof'd 5133 ^ T f?5>M i ’ fw 
fen fej 3" fyHy' ?fet cFVf few t# WT 33 I 

wife fetfepncna*- wina fen n 7 nnfe 1687 
Et. fen 3few 3 03 §03oT3 WWa fen 3 nafe nt 
fent 3133 fti fen wwn wwa ferre 7- 

33+3 1706 fe. (HH3 1763) 3 3# 33 OfeW nt I 

J.U.-K.t. : 820 

fdrtol 1 : for 77 3 f#3 fewrat U3 33 fa?# 
fW fen ITcSoT 7F3 3 r few J# 3 ft 3Jf >4333 3^ #t 
3 3# UfWI fen 3137# 3 nW ?fa3 l#l 313 
USnjHdTT 3T3 3 333 T ffet H#y few >33733 313 t# 
3 fen nt cT3 nt 33W 3733 nt cf3 fe3t J# ! 

frF 7# 31f 3tfH3 nfejn t# 3 3# fW ij^ few 
^7 3>HWf31^33 3OTOTH?3W 
5# 5# I fen 3 >Jff>[3H3 3 WT fafa 37# 3f33 T feofet I 

3173 f375n few ># faun 7- ?33 W3 T#n 3 

wain 7 # w nsa 7- fit i no ‘fawn few’ 

J.U.-H.£T. 

ffaHcft (SF) : fen fer t fan J 
‘faj fa d 1 ’ nt fold 1 i r T3 r 3 1 fen 3 3'd 333 33 33 
>H3 33 333" fen Htt 1 H'cjf dol'W 33 1 ti'd >33 >33 
H 7 ^ fUg 1 313 W13 >33 333 3 >33 fen 313 33T3 1- ft, 
ffT# :— 

H333T >H' fa olwlMdl >33, 

3f3 3f3 >3373 33 H33, 

5333 f3 3TW 3Tfer, 

3f3 3ftf cTKoft 303 t#? 7 " (5135#) 

f03TW 333 fen few# ^ fen 33 30 £\ ff 1 fen 
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to 1 

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g argg^gg m 7 ? - froltrtg grog afa ufa I# g# 
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tot - — glM77 grg ggg gl fafaiMTia far fag 
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its 1618 feu us Hutatya ut aar uut t 
Husar, austsfe ^u s yaus aur feu tafear hs t' 
yras wdj aras u 7 uss sts 7 s 7 fejtvitya ya 
ypaatya u tfeaaa hs u uaTit aau 7 a t s afe 
uiarfeya s naags ara fust i yu aur 3ar 'yaas 
yfs 35 fec( yfeya feu uuft uu-ufeu usut afe 
yfs s adfe*o! yyfoy >hfs ru arus feu araua 
autffeyaias 1625 feu fsvaaar u afe ferrus u 
s uaast fe suatsar sw §■ amua uy u feau s 
fesfe Gs - uhu 7 arus u §uh ?as uhs 7 ara tus 7 u 
fe fa asfear gfe afess u arau feu ya tu feas 
u hus yaus aur feu uaaife ^ uayu ysa ferr 
asi %hus ffeu u fs? as few yrs 1629 h 
feu fsflrar fe afe fyus tsHsar u wit ua 
us fe Satyrs fe ysa a afeti uu yfe agfes 
Hues anwga - uu ’afesau s yss ?as us au 

S Hf oil fe Sfe Hdl ySK OT, UUH 77 t fw U'g 1 H 

fus 7 yfe feu u hus as us ua afe^feuya gr yaiu 
tfess-feafe yfe a T Ha 7 u-feufe hIuh feu h 7 hs a 
few 1 fea uas tfess s yaaaa hs u ys?rfe 
feu feaus 7 ua gt su a ufet yfe afet aarsts 
3 ss aars ^as u usgur aferya s fea auras 
ua gyfd feu Hsutffe ss yfs u 7 uh arts 
ysa farffer ssfear ua 7 feu fear gat sss at, fi 
sat attas u suas s yfys 7 asg ay ayfuW fe 
u sfey fe hss gfe hubs, gsfetas 7 §■ w 
su 7 Hsfes u 7 ssu u s, fu fya uhs 7 ara 
ffes 7 1 as 1634 feu ystca?fe ut aat-yfsn afe 
afe yfsas uat us u fifesas yfs Osa u 7 u 7 ^ 
ysKafewifeasysautFfetas?usuHHst 
a afet ya agtas u 7 h'uhs fea afe uaHst snr s 
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419 



3ttn, 3 cth 



fen - Hvf huh nt fenut g3t fen fe® faH3 nt^r 

HUt 1 1 fe'H T fedoOd d'ctd HUT® old A ttdl dc<d 'M" Ht I 
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fen felW cTyf®oT3Ht, UdHd’d^'Hl M3 
HA Phh cS 1 rt HfUdl HUd Ut dl8®d'd 3" 

3 fet M 3 fen ® gws'Od ®nt g'jdwhr 333 h 
H fUTFfeM 1 - 3 WOT £ HOT - ®Ht WfeMM H 3 H 
dd 3 " feu dcfd'M" 3 dd-HfOH otyfeoi 33 Ht ITdcSl 
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U< 5 H 333 HT CTftlOT M 3 fUMTOT M 3 HHOT 
<sVd» 3 fl fflrr ® mw £ hu® nt 3 T® 3 t 3 yfu 3 
gd'S'fdM 1 " Ht, fedd'd dfcl Ht I dH Hfe HittdAd H 
UHHH 33 T 3 T feM i " M 3 " HU® 75 1 ® 533 Ht ?t HcFH® Ht 

fedU3 h® unt Ht feOfer feu- hh eufe-feM ufe- 

33 IWfUH c?3® 31" §feH feH H® I 

fe* 1 H'dldfe Hdl 1 H 1 " HH 1 cS ~ r-idl HdHlff 3 HfUd 
3 fUM'Hd 1 HA I dld-H 1 ® 1 ddl 3 cOdA fed Hdl d^ 1 
33H HH 1 ®3 dUl^f STT feH HU3 mutM 1 " HfefetM 1 " 
H® frtfp" feH dfet’Hr ® fe HTTtFH ?5Ut Ht 3375" H 
Hofl I feH cTUcT MU-lctlM 1 " dddl <55d' yHtM 1 " c(dA ®Vil 
HH3 EFU Hrft HOT-3UT 3 3U3 HfUU + -fer3 t feH W 
3? 3 ®H VF3 oTfetl feH AHIhH BHHH 3 OTt 
cT3H Ht 313-375- rife HcftM 1 " 7PW fe®y® fcFF rTOT 
31 ftfe-ftfe fe3 tfF >H3T ^fetM 1- 31^3, HfUH, 
fife 3 83 333 oOTtW - UIEWF" I for HU feH 33375t 
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U?53-H9 T U?5 T H'd Ut felttd' 3 1 

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33 £ yul" 3^" U3T3 1 " 3H® 3 UTHl E#! gUU 3 
t§f®3 3H3TT 33 33t7T 3373 >H®33 UU £ 
33fH3 <Sd' M3 33F3 £ d fei di 1 Htfl H33" 1 33 

cf3 t33 f3F>FT 

M3 £ M3feor guu £ H33 Hd'q'dl 33 3t 
feSTUl- 3 33 fe3 H3ft43 3t3- f3P3 1 

11 : 711; >)t3.>H>r. 26 : 684 

dlt) (Thibaut) : feu O dd offedl 33FT 3 
6533-3-33 feOTOTH^ % nfU3 3 oFOz Ht i 



feH 3 375H 1093 Ht. f%3 UfenTI fe3 HtnfHW 
3tfe 3 U3- Ht 1 fe!H3 3tM%75sr 33 fef3 33 3 H3 
33feffeft f33 3feFHT®3-?5t 3133 f3F 33 Ht I H?5 
1102 fOT fel OT M3 3333 (Chartres) 3 cT&Z 
HfeM 1 - M3 1125 3t. fOT 3tMfeF®3 pOTTO 
feHf HU75 3 5T§Z H^feM 1- fUMCI fefl® HH?) £ 
HH3 3® fo® 1- fOT 1- ffTH 3® 33fen3 U3Ht 3 lfe>ft 
feS'foTMi- 3 3Ut M3 r feM f " fOT33 feH 3® <fet3 
®3t 33 U3U" felM 1 " I fed MFJ^" HH" fed ed'H 3 3U 
3TT ?W ^3 feMofBt Ht I feH £ ®3t M3 ®3t 
H3T 3F® 33t-33t fef333 M3 3frfet 3feH 
3f3tlH75" 1135 fOT feHA MOf® 33 3®3t £ fedlW d 
3 3dH'U H2® fe® HU'fe3 r oftstl feH 3 HVF oFOfe 
U®et 3^or3 U3 fey3+3Ht) feH3tff3 10 OT^dt, 
1152. £ ®7>t-H3 3d A (Lagny-sur Marne) fey Udl I 

3-U.-nl7r.f33. 11 : 684 

3^ #3 (Thibaut-IV) : fe3 7533 3 
HOT3 Eft 1 feH 3 H75H 33fer fe® 1201 Ht. fe3 felH 
3 fU3 orOfe 3tt 3tfe Ht H3 3 fefg 1 333 (Troyes) 

fey ufenr i fef®u MdiHdH e fen ut fen et 

fefeM 1 " 3 UHU UfeM 1- 1 fed 1 33 3 fe" fe3 H'dH'U 
?Ht M75fe Ht H®oT 3 ijHt Ht I feH £ yfetCT' H life 
t®3H3d 3H^lH3 T U3flfg 1 -tH§- ^3fH3M3 
fe® 33T fe feH §3 3HEF3 £ 3fU3 (1226 Ht.) OT 
3 # fe®3H rt'feM 7 fePH 1 " Ht I SFHHHT ®Ht ^3 3 
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A'® feH 3 H3M 3" feWI MFJ® VFK fe'H Ht 
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H3H3 HfeM T I HOTHT 3 feH H3f3M T ® H3H 3 Ut 
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ofetM*" £ feH Ht H®t UH3 oft3t 9"! feH HtM 1 " 
c?fe3 r 3 Ht fe3H feH H 33® fufe H fa®3 ‘H 
U5rfe3 UHt I feH Ht 33 1253 Ht. feH 7533 3HT H 
feH Ut UUH75 1 - H H375 3 UHt I 

U.U.-nte-.nol. 26 : 551 

<dl3 rd , d'ofH (Thibaud, Jacques) : H3HT H 
feH 3fe®75-3HcT 3 353 27 H3H3, 1880 £ 33fe 
feH §3# feH UfeM 1- ! feH® OfeH H H3lt3 fefeM 1 ® 
fey feffyM 1 " 1(313 offet M3 HMfH feH OfeH H £% 
fey 3fe®® H3Htlfe5 1898 feH feH Ht^HS" t®® 
H M T 3otHH3 r feH HoT® (H®) UFfedf Wpt 33® UfeM 1 " I 
feH33 3Wf3M T 'M3 1905 Ht. feH feH^ H3TTM3 
HU® H H®3H5T U'H® ofWHH 75 1 ® fe®cT fe® 
UFfefe Ht IjfetT 33®t Ht H3U® 1 - offet I fevfet H3Ht 
3fe®® Ht 5® M3 UH^FHt UfetHtHH 1 " 33® UHH 1 " 
HfetfeHt Jftl 




420 



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fey ffb aB mb fea §tr yaa fea to yy afwa 

ydd tt'ct ffet MB felT fey )7dd at dTd dl?l I 

htb aa 7 fea fea ife mb Mayafe - a ary ya 1 aga 

ufircr 3?t MB H3B 7 , 3TOTF ^Tfe - JTOW B 33 £ 
feyBfet FPBt 71 773331 B afaM 7 £ # M 7 ^ £ 
ferny ?pv> fea ere? feyfet FT?t 5" i 

fefdo 7 a - Wcjy £ Mnfet 'gBt a feyy mb 

Ml3T ?t 573 3" yMB fenG) cF^ 5fet I fen £ fecf'd 
c(d 7> M3 H M 7 73B «8l ^dfeM 7 H't! 1 at I 5fet 

cfetB did' §ua ■nfed wdi 1 or feoTd craa mb mott 7 

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fea at? wait a 7 hb a ya faya fesa 7 it 1 Martar 
3 featMB Frat a stt mb 3? Mia yfetM 7 sat 
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M3133i- f?3 H? MH^3 KtW £ 1781 3t. 
dsmfewfelz HH'fe’dl 3t HaRjfV crt3h y^H'd iro 
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33 U3 1931 at. fe3 u£ 33 3 HW7T Herat? 
dd^'Gi 3at feof HH3 T Fedration Internationale du 
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d'H33t StaMS 7 !# H-6T3B 7 - fHBT3t fey 1879 at. fea 
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M3 5073 3 fedora B3T 3H# §K3 3t3 3t t^t 
y, dldMaar 33t £ 33 *'« m 7 !^ - ^b fyy y 
133 7 7 M3 3t3 33t 77B - Uf ^B 7y £ 3ld3' 33t 
?3 ^y 3B 7 T73 7 7 1 33t £ fa377 y fy3 y 3377 



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S3 7 TTW fH33-333 33 1 H T H3 7 H3fef3 Gf3tM3 3 
ftt'dP 033 f%3 33t f3T33t f33 3f3 OOtM 7 313- 
JW3t HH3 7 fgM 7 f%3, 3331 S3 ?t fer 33 1 §3 
003 T 3T3 HlHfel 33 M3 333 fl^ 7 3t 333 3t 
H a 1 0 fel 3 f3 Od 333 H3 3 33 I 3t3T3 33 1 " 3t dt 
33 OSKt 3t3 3 facSTTtMMT 033 f33 0333 31 fer 
S3 3^t f33t fdlidl *U HW H3tM3 g3tM3 3 
333t EHtMTHt folFM 7 f33 ?t 3f33 33 1 

a-.U.-^l3.f3>F. 12 : 59 

3HoTH T ?>' : fer 33oft 3Wt 3130 3t 303- 
Ugvft mr 335 - H303 S3 331 fo^ 7 S 3 7 3t 333t 

fdlOdl 333K r f3H3 T 3 M3 H 1 ?! M3 33353 OHlM 7 3 
3P>T3t 33F f%3 3f33t 31 H3 1979 f%3 fe^ 7 3t 
33 fdl30l 2,28,000 7ft I fe^ 7 & fe3 ^ 71H3 
dld'tS 3 0 ddl fdH f%3 M3 M331 7 f3H3 T 3 3 Q d d — 
03¥t M3 f33-UgHt f3K f33 3t 3f33 7 31 felF 
HK3 7 J 3 7 337rutM3 333733 3t feO 7 WW t33 
S3 ^33t M3 TftdtM 7 f?3 3t f33 f33 3f33 
33 1 fe<^' S3 7 3 ^3-^3 71H3 offedl 333f f33 33 
f33 fo^ 7 3t M30 T 33 fdl33l f%HH 33 3 1958 3 
FMF, M3 fai23t 3 S3 7 Of3 cft3 fl 7 ^ ^ fe333 
3 03f^3 333t H7P3 f?3 fel^ 7 S3*- 3t fdl33l 
3,125,000 3 3t filM 7 ? 7 3 1 

MOf 33 3 fo^ 7 S3 7 3 r faWfcC OH3 3 
d'^fesl 33 3 fe3 S3 O^'O^H 7 iW M3 337333} 
3t33 H3t3 333 H3! fej S3 33M 7 f33 3f33 7T3 
M3 t^ 7 , aofdtM 7 , 10#, 313 M3 f3 0353 H75I 33 
fiFTOt 3 TTW M3 0T3 3t H3'fe3 7 ??53 fej S3 
03f3'#f 333 F53T 03 33 M3 fey 7 # 0'6'y^Hl 
feM 7 ?! fH# 7 31 fed S3 dlttlt) M'fel a<irt 3 
3H 3t 333 33 1 37T 7 W ofdM^l 3 33H 7 33 192b 
3t. f#3 3t H33 7 3 # 33H«37 TO!m?7 3337377 

^3" M 7 03ft 3?>f3 33?ft W 33 ft!3t 1 

feiy 7 S3 7 F 7 717333 H3T577 ftf33t 
M^tft OH3 §3" M3| 'fdd 3 7 # 1 ^3 33 Mo 7 ^ 

303 3337T77 S3 M7ft3 M3 MM H'O'dO S3 7 
t# 313 377 03 foy 7 3 MFlSt Mfdfer ^TFoFO 




433 



33clH T faR3'<7 



oi<w3 33 5ffert 3 1 fe3 Hot fedfe 7 '^ §1" 3 ftfet — ^r^tor 3t tra^t 013 §fe 033*" §1" 

3d^'jt 3^77 t fe33 3W f^3T HH33 377 I 5^ fH3t H33 §OtB§ 3 1 

IT.y.“>fe-.fg;>f . 12:61 Ht.cft.f. 1988-89 H?7H03t Oft tfe? 33 - TTOfeHSW, 03331- 



H^orH T feH3 7 ?> : fe3 

snwrtfeH ore fe^tot? H33B 
3 5333 3T33W fcg 1 fesr 
37333 3 fau^ enlor Hfefefe 
3 Hfe€B3t OT ffB Hfe3 31 
feH 3 §33-033" 

QyyfeHd'tS, §33-UgH 5377 
ottH'foiHd'rt, OSH ¥3 51HOtoi77 
H'dld , 3U3-USK <^7> old'cS 
013 303"-03U" <^S 

>>I33T T feH3 r ?7 3toF Ufe 1 " 
?73T3tOF 377 1 033 - 3 OSH S77 
1,120 fe.Ht. (700 Hte) 013 
§33 3 303 S77 560 fer.Ht. 
(350 Hte) 331 13 feH 313d '3 
3 4,88,100 S. font. 

(1,88,500 S. Hte) 3" 3W 
Hfoor Ofeor 3 Oft fe3 3t 
W§ 3,859,000 (1992) 31 
> HH3 r H T t r feST 31" 3 T 3U T 3t 3 1 




33clHfe7H377 3 oT37^ HBOT^ fewre f%3 ^1113 9fe>>r 6333 



f-Ol'fydl fsfePHBT 

0333 - feiT 31333 W 333- fefr" HO 33 3 
TTlsf 333t SW 3 fern 3 33 033377 3 1 " 80% feTF 
BfTOofH 3 HfooF 3feOT 3 Oft feH §" 303 

013 OSH S77 ffe-fHtOH 3Uff30F3feo3 3lfeH3 
303 S77 3775P77 0333 TT^tof" 2,626 Hi". (9,600 f3) 
§3 ^tfe-iTBT UBOfeloH, OtlfOTr Oft 3 T 3 T fe3 
0333 333 331 OSH S77 HfOTT) 7ft# 1 033 Oft 

tmfrwr ra fsBore 266 >t. (1,200 #3) §3 

Q’HdQdd 033" 3 - §03t fiTO" 3 Oft fof? St 303 
S77 205 Ht. (1000 f3) §3^ 513377^3331 033" 31 
oTOB-sOdl 033 fS3 333 OiofMd Oi'Qt! dfdd 33 1 

33^3 - OBTd# SOdfSOF Oft HHtOf" H3fefef 
3 0f33c7)" 3BT fS3 Hfe3 33 cldt fe§ W 375S9jT 
H3 i §Hit 31 feH BraVffef" fS3 S03 3I3H1" 0(3 HBtTtoP" 
fSB 33 331" 3 1 3T3HtoF 3 f373 fS3 30133 013133 
35° 3. 3 life TO 1 " 3 Oft SO 3 SO 331)33 51333 
HW 3 303-033 S77 S 1 " fSB 50° H\ 33 St" 033 
Fife 1 " 31 333tOfr fS3 fe)T 3 §37 31 3W f%3 
331337 UT7 3-33° H 351 # 033 FTfer 3 1 fet 3S 1 " 
fS3 73ft U17 33t 3 0(3 S30 1 " Sf O^l" 33t 3 1 

33033 - OTH" fef 3 W Sfeof" 3 fau^ 1 " 
Qfed-Odol 33 3 (737 <5 1 W 3f33 r dfeof" Oldrt H 1 d Id 
fe3 W fe3'13' 31 feK 3 fefTT 1 - 333 (Tedzhen), 
H33P3 Of3 >H73cl fe3 3 33 OHO 3ffe)T 377 1 



>H3 OTTfe gr gk 3 Bfet 3 33" 033 ^3 
33 3»1 feHK 3t H3303t f>373t 3 ! STOfe-^TT 3t 
03H3t f%3 33T«t >H3T3, 3331, OftTfe Of3 

01037 fertt! 377 013 773tOF" 3 ^"feofl 3 7377 7375" 
5373" 031773, 33 3 3303 013 H35T3 013 33 3 33T75" 
fk753 317 I 33K" >33375" 3 333 033 f?3 R3tor 3^" 
^rfftoF TT^tOf" 0(3 UB3 feTTT 1 " 31 30§t §fe 033 7 
f%3 UlTJ 013 o(y] 35p r 3^03" 3dlo3-0dl03 fH773to3 
3771 

fe3 §33, 33T751- feTTl" 013 3’d" r dH fM33T ?33T 
HWTt 33 fH753 3771 0333+ ^3 OU 1 ^ 

013 333tOT, tild , 3-903 fe77, old 013 ofdO'd rffe 
fH773 377 1 OTy- 3f303 3 7737 7737 fei33, 331771" H3 
013 BRTfet f33?7 fH773 3771 3mftoi3 TO 3 1 " 0331" 
33 OB^fel" HBBlfefor 3 ^3 tF 1 " ?fet H33tof" §t 
fdc( 4W1 Odrtdl'd 31 dHOtOf77 H 'did 1%3 331" S^ 1 " 

3 I 03 yfelor ^ fViTTslor 377 1 

fefdO'H 

feK dl3d''3 3 1 " fefeUTR" H3fef- OBW 31 331" 
H31" y-.et. t%3 fen § 351377103 3 fro33 3 fWfeor 

Jit I EiT 'Wl Hoi y-.El-. fed' ddoll UXrt'^d' <7 fen §3 
3H3 cff3 H771 K3^t 013 ofe^f H§t 1%3 fen §3 

ferrfToit orafe- 3 1- sm^ 3 feron 3 ^f rfet f %3 

Oditt' 3 H3 3Fftoi r 3 dO'O 513" fed' 1 00^1 H3t 1%3 




434 



dOcOP'foHd’d 

foWI f^fetHdt d 

Hldd HVf fed dd dt tdt d'oT3 Jgdd 77^ fed §" 
OHt nw fed fHF few fowl K77 1925 fed 
ifel'Hd Hdcf'd ?t feH 7 ) K^ft 
dl<£d'rt y<J 1 fed 1 I Hldlhd, 

1990 fed do(dH T ?)' KVOtH 
H^l'Hd 77 Hdd HXdl rt'» 
ugHd 1 urfad OfO fed! I 
dKHO, 1991 fed fed 
dWPaKK W fedtOdd 
KOOK d 7 fed ^HO 7 KddO 
dldd'H HdfoWI 

>H'dfyo(d' 

tffetT - feu - Gtfefdd 
•drt 5 c(«, dlUcf ?><£■ ^ 
yferr uddd 7 77^ ooya a 1 
oCd'ojK H'dHrt fed 
HOTTTtHtWT, tffed 
Odd 7 d feTT^ fd dtW 
ofet 50 TTdtW tr<t' d 7 Ud 7 
Tfe] 7 O' I fed rtHld-ddT 75+ d 7 
fed TTd 7 §77 d 7 dHH 7 dt 

IfeafHd o' fow o' i cfet Hddt 

dlfotW SOTUtWO M d « OWW §rdddt OIK 
wt d?7 fdw dt 9rr ora ootw k? 7 wt wrdHO, 
1992 fed dOcfd'fcSHd'A >Hd y'cTd* 77 dddfol" OIK 
dt HUTTfet HHd cfet KOtW O' OKdW oftdl 

d77 KcTdt - dOO 7 1UO dd 50077 fed dt fKt dt 
fodfet ?7st ftfoo 7 dt »d afoot ai feK sro# 01- afet 
77foo i ' >Hd K77 Odd feK tffet dt W d U0 7 cTOd 
0771 5(WK HdKd d Ud KKd dt Kd d 1 ddt K77 
ffodfet Hfd K0Wfot-77fo0, 3WHKat 77foO Hdt 
Odt 77 I feK ?7fod dt fKdt d 7 cfe 1 950 few fed HJ 
dtd 7 foW Kt >03" 1958 d d d 1970 Kt. dd feK 
77fo0 d 7 860 for. Ht. 3d 00 >80t feHtl'd dd fed 7 

fowl dwtwo kw dd uadd wt iooo for. nt. 
dor d 7 fKdt-ddd yo T cro?7 Hot ctwh TTfoo d 
dd llfo d 7 ^ HO dtd 7 fow I 

ddly'dl - fetOHoFdlfofOd Udly r dt a 
fdOdt for fiddfet d wfe O I dUd feddtHfcfdH77 
0 1 fed e dfet foK fed foHdt form dt oiw Gorol 

rifel O fKK d > OK77 K^foOd fofKK df dot OK ^'«1 
oTlTO d 7 KlrT IdWO ofld' folW 01 c(<£o( 7 d, rfdt 
Wfd # GOTfe tfod 077 1 #¥* # ITOtW TPdlW 0771 
fed f?7 >Hd ^IHdd'd 1 * 00 # feddt O I dd^W d 
^ Ofo r5K77 dtW td 7 # ITTTd Od I fed Om d orl# 
ITHd d 7 dK Ot oTTOt Od 7 Ol feK d fed 7 ^ 7 077 > Hd 
KKdtW Gdl'oT^ TfodlW 077 1 Kdd, Wlfo 

fd77 Wfd Ot fHTTd 077 1 §KlfoH77 K T 010 fed >fet 
ITTTd d 7 cfH dtd 7 tfod 7 O I 



Odiidi — K?7>Hd ijy 1 feK didO'd d 7 ife>it dor 

aod ot feorfed ^ fey d77 c<fee,d77 kto cro77, 

ORTfed fdWO 3077, >fetw >Hd IKKfeOT d 7 oPOf- ^K 



dftd 7 fPd 7 Ol WToPW oTtfOddT TOdfoTKdKO >Hd 
H'd dOcrH T f77Kd T 77 d 7 feoT ^sJ' rfcS'Hdt Md 
KfoWddd ^dO O >Kd fed 3fUd >Hd OHH dt dd fef' 
d GdfoOr Kdfo-ld 077 1 cidHTj’^dHof fe¥ d77 §■ WHS 
oTOd Md KHdOt tTOKT 7 dt HOKd cT077 d Otioicll 
HyfUd 0771 fed OTdOTT fed d <0UlW OIwtfdM 7 
ddd Ot HKOO^I 

-OdVPOOr - fed d Od Od Kfoo 077 HW TT 7 ?? 
dd 9 d 077 I dW-dTTOFd 077 TP'dfo' dOdHfotW d 
o^ot w dopfd ydo 7 fed Kurdf OoT fdtforKd 7 ?) 
^ IPO 7 W tfodt O I fed 00 077 77 fefo 7 d 7 ^ d Gd'^d 
TT^dddt ^IK 77 1990 fed fed dtW 077 TTfefe 7 dt 
§77 HKfet 2,120 for. Kt. J# I 

KdcT 7 — dOTOOt, 1990 fed fed KdoT 7 df d77 
Kdfet 22,600 for. Ht. Kt fdK fed 17,800 for. Ht. 
ifoffW KdoT 7 K77 1 WlcTdd >Hd HKOdCotOKO) KdoT 
Ofot fed dd 77^ d# Od Od I 

dofetvraor — Ar*H<4 Hfd d'H'Gd d-O'gl HWT 
Ofot fed dd dd 3d 077 1 fed 3 1 fe«'«^' 
WloPW d tfSH, fdO >Hd UOd fed dd dO^Odt 
ddO*- ^5T # Odfet dOKd dWO 7 W§d idd dtW 
H'sJttd' ydd 077 1 

Ijfefd Hf 00 — fed dO T dd r 77t Kfoo WToPdd d 

few'<0' dd# Hdt, TTdtd-dToT Hfd dOK77 T d IT HdHcr 
fed d 00 Ujfof KfOO 077 1 




^faoPW d ^d 7 fed cTUKJ dddtW dOoTVfotWO M03 7 



435 ddfcm'd 1 *' 



Woi 

H3¥ 3 loft M3 M3¥ 3 loft M3Wt, $H3 M3 
dlfe(tt'<5 fed 3 UH¥ ddofH'c*)! o<ylrt 377 I fed H'd 
dyfe dddl 3H 7 3 7^E >fe ¥ 7 3fM 7 s/‘H'<S : 5 a3 3771 



§¥3§ tfeM 7 3 TTHd Cfe fvTFTf- 33d 7 3 fed 3d 
¥33triti 

^3 ¥3 fl3 H3¥t ¥33 M 7 ^^ 7 t fadS 7 fad 
dldM 7 3 0 dd— Udd sf A M3 dlM?7— Uddd 3 



feTj 7 fe§ ¥33 H?>t HHAVFTi 377 I H77 1992 f?3 fe¥ 
¥ T Wt 3t M<Ad' 7 .9% flMofdl l{3t f¥.Ht. Ht I H77 
1991 fe3 45.4 U3tF3 Hfddt M3 54.6 ¥3tH3 ¥f 
iff Htl H77 1989 fl3 fe¥ 72.0% 33W7jt, 9.5% 
§fft, 9.0% §3¥¥t, 2.5% cdd'IdHdfel, 1.1% 3' r d'dt 
M3 5 .9% 33 77H75 7 3 &¥ H77 I 

fffftfM 7 3 fedd — fed dl<id'iH fl3 fedd M3 
fifeM 7 31 m 7 hmIm 7 HOAd 1 §fe¥¥ 377 i ilo<cT H3t 
fl3 fH33 H|753i- fl3 533t 3l¥t dfff 3 1 fet 7 ff 1 7 
H'A 3of 3t §H3 ffoT ffffeM 7 H13 M3 rt'dHt 3 1 H77 
1989-90 fl3 feff 1800 IffeHdt M3 H<3sfdl H§3, 
77 §3-fef3M¥ WW M3 38 3dAM ¥ t 753 M3 
11 H3ft3 M3 cTf3 3 H¥T7 H77I H77 1951 fl3 feff 
fecT H'felH 3t M¥ T 3Ht # Fra T ttj3' oflfft 3T3t I 

33T ¥¥¥ - ¥¥¥¥t Off fe3 dlid'd 3dff , vret 
Wd'd^, d'H'Qd M3 ddH<Vl'dH¥ ¥3 ¥33- fl3 
ifeM 7 IfeM 7 I ftTH f%3 42 ¥f faff, 15 ¥H¥ M3 
74 Hfddl yHdiM 7 HH-Rd dc5 I 

¥3Ht — fed 3t ¥3Ht gdA 3 1 fed gy a f%3 
100 ¥ 7 ¥¥ 33 37> I 

WW 7 — feff 3 7 dS 7 33 33T 3 1 " 3 133 fl3 fe¥ 
Ht3 5¥H3 7 33M3¥3f33 3 7 3 377l3H31 T ff ¥3 
dS 7 «fdd'Q<i 'ttl ¥*" 3 *d dlrtldd'd 77^77 ^ 'a! 
TTRd 331 3t ¥dt 3 1 

3. U. - f3. eft. a. 1993-94: 346, 409, 734; >>13. »ftf . 
27 : 278 ; Ht. eft. H. 1993-94 : 436; >>t?7.fa. H 7 . 12:62 

ddfofHd 1 * : HU 1331 Mm 7 3 1- fed fesr ¥33 
1 1 d'dAldd 33 3 fe¥ f%3 QdHfofHd'A, 
3 7 f3cfH3 7 ?7 M3 f3f33ftitflM 7 ’ dlcid'H, cddTo()id‘rt 3 1 " 
3¥<tl fdH' , Uddl ddoO-pfrtHd'cS, 0 ddl M.d.dl 1 - 
feHd'cS M3 3t7T 3 T fertinlM^ Wldld ¥3H¥3 T 3 ¥33 
HMW 31TI ddtfW'oT 33 3 fe3 ¥3¥ 3 lfe¥ I# 

377H77 ¥333, ¥SHf ttjH 7 ?? 7 , Idddd M3 

M.^31 1 f*3d'*' 3 UtOPvrfetHH U3H3 7 StM 7 J^StM 7 3 
¥3 3 §33 ^3 IfeM 7 313M 7 3 1 fefdd'HdT ¥¥" feH 
¥33 §■ f377 d3Tfecf 1J3 7 tfeM 7 W HoTO 7 3 M3 
335T ¥3 3N 7 ^¥-^¥^>3 feHHd'ttM 7 3771 fe^ 7 
f H3 3 ¥133- ¥3 few HfefM 7 1%3 H 7 
< 1 d 1 -M77 <Vdd fdd' H'd 1 Ht, M 31 M3 fed 
(idotH'ddld) ^fdM'^* 3 H3M 7 dfeM 7 1 1 fed 

fedf ¥H3 W M3¥-¥H3T ¥33 3 fflt M'dfed' fei-lfet 
¥3 cT2 |- 3 feoTHT 3 ¥f33 t §3^ §t ^3 H¥fe>Hd'A’ 
fed ofldl 33 375t HM3t ¥3t §3 rT 7 MHf dfdM 7 , 
fH3 ^ftM 7 M3 FWddd ¥33 3 333377 SldM 7 ? 7 3 



§33 33 M33fet ¥3H3 t 3 Od 7 §5T IfeM 7 ftl fed" 
§¥h'G 33 7 3 t 3'ft ¥33*" 3 1 " 3t feoT fund'd 3 # 
33 T 3I T ^-¥W¥3H 7 J53t ¥33 ^cPI 7 tl for 3 
§¥3" Sc A dlM77 H'ft M3 §33 ‘nrt H'dlydlM 7 3 1 " 
t-ldlrtl ¥33 31 ^feH seA fed ¥33 feddd 33 3 
ydfelM 7 3 H3¥t ¥3 3 M33 §oT dfdM 7 H'd 1 3 M3 
HfetMddcS 33rlfeM 7 3feM T 3M3¥3¥33M753 T 3t 
M3 3tM77 H'<6 f^doCdAlM 7 ¥3¥3 _ J53tM 7 3 o(3t~ 
¥dd' I feM 7 dfeM 7 3 1 

¥3oPH dl A 3 §¥3 M3 ¥3¥ s^ A 3 ¥33 3 
ddofl fid 6)d1 H (>Td sdfdM"S ' ift dddl) fdd' ¥33 
H77M3 feH §3t feH 3 T 3Ht 7T 7 HHlddl^i f¥M 7 3l 

3t3 ¥sT, dHdldlM 7 31M 7 f-fHHd 7 ^ 1 ¥f33 3# 
dS 7 A'A ^fedtM 7 377 1 -fen S 7 >t¥ 33T d'ofA 1 HoT?7 
H 1 3¥3 3 itfeM 7 IfeM 7 3 feH^ ¥ T 3 oftTT 7 HHfsre" 31 
feH 3 §33 ¥3 3tM?7 ET77, ifeH #7 dMldirT M3 
3¥3 ¥3 §77377 ¥3¥3 3771 fet 1 3t 13 3f¥3 3 
Mfe-^Mfe ¥3 §3 ¥33+ §¥ tT 7 77¥feHd 6 §¥ dt 
Hfef3 31 779 fe'H d 1 6 3t ^3 £ d'dA' HoT?7 3333 
fl3 dt ¥33 3 H'<i l r fi' d'dlH t’fdM 7 M3 §H StM 7 
Hd'fed TT^tM 7 ¥3 T c3 M3 CT3d3 ¥fet HTMm 7 
ddt'lM 7 33 1 dMldd M3 3tM77 377, £('<1 31” dt 
¥3¥3 oHlt §3 377 ¥3 fed - dHdldlM 7 , H 7 M77- 
77W § H3t3§3 ¥3 f%3 M T §3 tT^ 3t §3t 3oT13 
?73t 03 7 ¥331 33f¥H3 T 77 ¥33 3 7 >t¥ 3 f¥ 

¥H¥ ¥33, flH'A 3f¥3 M3 §3tM 7 ¥3¥3 H^tM 7 
3IM 7 3¥ 7 13 7 3 33 tfe it feH 3 33 177 MHfet TT 7 ?? 
M T 3-¥ 7 3 oftH 7 W H¥3 7 3 1 feH ¥33 3 fe¥ 33 3 feH 
3t y 'ddl HtH 7 ! 7 *3 !h ¥ T 3 7 ¥§Ht ¥BtfeM 7 7> dt ¥>3 

Ht M3 §7*" 3 HtdTjt, 3 33t M3 §77t HHfet 
TffeMH 7 ! 7 3 ¥33 ¥3 fed ¥t3 7 1 

33f¥H3 T 77 3 7T 7 31 1 xfelt M3 ¥ T 3lt H3IM 7 
fedd '3 fe¥ M 7 ¥ Oh 33¥ 7 , fiT^ 7 3 M T ¥3ft 3H 7 fe¥ 
1%3H 1§ ^3t Ht, 3 7T 7 3 fuW Ht ¥3 fefdd'W 1%3 
feH 3 7 fe¥3 Mrffe 7 3 f¥ Htdfet §¥ dt feS 1 3 H3 3 
¥fdrt lH<5t¥ H77 M3 20lt H3t §¥ 3dl¥H3 T ?7 3 T 
Hfk33 tld'Al dt fed 7 1 MP§3 ifetM 7 H31M 7 fl3 
tH¥tM77, 33¥ M3 Hdfe 7 133T ¥d'dl'dl ¥'A'yGH 
MOfe 3HM 7 HH3 feH ¥33 fl3 M 7 3 T ¥3 33 M3 
§7 3 77¥feH3 7 77 3 M3 W 3 M'O^dd 

HfeM T 3 T 3 §" 33t ^fft ¥¥3 ¥3 feM 7 1 

M3 13¥ 7 M3 ¥33t ^f¥ ife feH ¥33 f%3 
33W3 7 ¥33 M3 377 ¥3 7731M 7 1%3 ¥3 T 3 7 § MHjt 
¥M3t 33f ¥33 3 ¥fet § fHiH'tl 1HT3 TTfdd 7 §3 ¥ 
H3 T 77t¥33 3§¥3 T §y<£ 1 feM r f31M 7 l'l 




436 



ddfolHd'cS 



Urfet Hdt dt. U. d Wttt Pdfed'Hof'd, ddfdd d 

hh nidd hw e feud tfe ww d Hdw fed 

y^fcw ‘yrfer dfe-’ ?r w fed dddferfet ?T3Td ddr 
dfeyFI M H?t 5t. y. fe¥ fHcStid Hd 1 ?? fe 
drydjfac (Mddiw ddfWraw) yfd Hwfar (U3dt 
Qdaro<Hd l *)^UWd^3 + §H^>f r ^^H>f3 _ feH' 
Udd fed orst d3?d nfad - W Udr VrfEW I feddt Hd d 
ddld yicVrtl fj-lftoofl Hd d d'Hcert HH dd cfet wfdd 
fefe fafe fed Hdd HidST Hdt dfed # feoT d I ddt Hdt 

u. dt. e yfdfe hh fed fetd dt ifevrt to - d Hwt»r 
>Hd Hryddfef dfe fe fedd cfedt ddtfe d ddWdf 
yw ndfe fe ofet ww dfed >Hd fuTTf- draT fefei 
ffe £ fftedit d ?fe dd ddfe fed ud dor yftffew dd 
hf fe ufofet ret- dt.y. fed §d micf dt fed ynw ?fe 
dr d'ld fiddd' Ofed-UiSHt d'dd feel dffehfr dfyW Ht, 

HHfeUd oldd d ^ d 3IF I 

HryddfaT fed dddt ddtfe d feed d d 
HHfe dd WWZ dt 138 dt. U. fed fed dtfet ddfed, 
tfedT dtyfe (Chang ch’ien) <v « dicing HdrfUd 
cfdd ddt d?W dfew | dfe §d H-TUfe Hdd fed 
>HHdd" dt fdvF Ud §H dfe UdH dfe HUfeUd cftd d 
Hd 1 ddy T f?d}f’ dtd >Hd UsTHt dH 1 " fedcdd dUrdoT 
HI'd'H'dl ddt 3Hd dd fddl Hddd dHdFd £ dTO 
dWt ‘fadST dd’ d ?dd ?dd d T ofd r HdTd H^fdd d 
ddd dd dd ydW »1d TOd fe d i-TyfdHd'fel 

Hfdd 1- rfe ^fed dd Hfed d 1 ^ >Md ddd'cY 
TTyfoHd 1 *' fed dt dUfd dd dHK »fd dd STtHdi 
dddi" dr dUd 3dd Hdl ifWdl'd d fed dHdr 
ofd'ofdH' Uddd d fed dt sl'dd dd >>ffe dd dHd UdH 
dd HKdfed, mw, H dd W yd'fddd fed dt dtddl 
dt U6'd dot ddfet dK dot fed H77 I 

dfe-MrofHfefW ddd d dtdfet dd ddK uy 1 
yfHd yddHdl Hrt I dd dfet Hdt dt. fed §H'cV d 
dd ddK Wfdr fe»fr fe fed ddK ddfedddl dfet did 

UtT fdPHr yffe dtd d Htfeyr £ s) 1 dd d 9dt HS 1 ” dr 

MfW7 ^dd ddt oCdfonr e dHfefe dddddy 

Hdd offer I dd ddH USH dd HHdfed ddd fefe dd 
fepyr i ffen fe feddd ufeyr dHddt dfefet udd, fe 
Utfet Hdt fed fed Udd fed Udfdd dfeyf Ht, dfe 
; dfer gfe 3 oT IffeyT | yfw £ yfe^t Hdt fed »fdfe 
dd tdifeyr fenddf UdK fet ddt dyfoHd 1 * dr 
UHd HdK Hd fepyr I dfefet >fe 13fet Hdt fed fe fed 
dfdyyr | 

OTfeHdfel' Hfddr dt tfcfet feddl Hydd'- yfe 
yr'ddd fed 7dd offe THd fed ddd d feddd dddt 
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dd ddlfenr »fe HdHt dfe d dHfd>fe 5Tdd fedfet 
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(Genghis Khan) d»fdr offet dfet ddfet oPdd fed 
tdHfefe fe dddt Ofdd drfeyfr rdd Hdy id- 
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dHd-Kddt dd feddddT (HHd) d fe Md fed dH 
dfet Odr Ht, £ yfrVd dt fedddddd ddT idd fed 1 
£ HHddd £ fed fecSfddt Hfed’ Hdr fdfer I 

HJJ^t Hdt fed dfet HHdr d»fd r fedd d dd 
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dfedfe dd 'rt yfd 0(^ r dt yHdfet dfddfe 
dd" dd Tdd F5dT ddt I 20^f Hdt fed fefe dfet? 
yfe feH'W fddfet yd Old' oTdd |Ht ddfeddr? 
ydd fed d 1 yrdd dffer ud dd Hdtfe- fe ££ »r. a 
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19fet Hdt fed dtd yfe HH feddd ¥d dd Hd^ 
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3Hd £ ut fed d dF Hvrffen- fepyr fen ?r 
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oPdd drfeyfr TO dHdFd ?d dr fed 

yrddlffeyr ^ gfe fep>fr | 

d.U.-Jjfe. »fe. 27 : 246; >>d fe. 18 : 792 

ddfeHd'A : Hfed — dddfendW dldd'd 
fed dfedfr d fedfe fed fdHdfd fefeHHd dr fed fe 
fetrd di yfdfe fed dwt diyfeyp- f^- 
fedd oy 1 rft yfe Qy fed £ yydd fedd Hd y 

fee 1 dfet fet orfed ddTlfeHdl 12 fet Hdt d fe 
HfedH Hd, yddd yffdHd ddfet, fdH d 7 14 fet HP 

fed fet HdHdr Hdfeyr fepyr 5 ^ 

fed yrdfed ddd fet yfed Ht I Hd 1864 fed ft 
fed ^fey-fr dr dHtjr d fePH 7 I fed fedd fed fed d 

cfet fedd dfer H?dHdr fet d?7 I 
yddfet - 73,000 (1983) 

43° 18' fe. fed.; 68° 15' U. fed. 
d.y.->>tdfe.Hr.l2 : 56 

ddfolHd'tS iraW fe^t : feadftdfe 
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fedddt d >Hd dddTdd >Hd ddddW fedcj 

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feddt dTOT ffe ddd 3yr d dfe dddd 1 " d fd d 

dtdt dW'd' d?TdUdtdfeT ddl fdr-fdfd-ff 
HdoT 3,317 Ht.(10,883 fd) dt fdfet d Hdfedd 
dd £ Ud olddt d I 

39° 35' fe. fed.; 69° 15' y. fed. 
dy.->>l?r. fe. HT 12 : 61 




437 



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fain e 1 ' 95 tfafeb U33 wbM 1 ’ Huwbu fw M3 5 
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7,79,452 fa. Hb. (HH3 5tfF) 3 fan 1w 23,764 
^fafab. 433 gw(aw) M3 7 , 55,688 fa. wt. 

3HtM T '(M6'd<Y>lM 1 ') faE ite 1- 31 H3tM77 HW f%3 
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333# HH33 cfbt 33 33 M3 fej cffeb M T 3faST 
3333tMT fat 733, MEffacT HfTOET H3T33 

(OEEC), M3 ft) of HffafaT M3 faH'H H3133, fa tb. 
Hf . fa. (O.E.C.D) M3 TOW 3HH33 HUf 3 1- HH3 3 1 




343- UWb Wcfb fa fee T 333 M33 



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fe3 EH M T fe3 T cf T 3 MW 3 1 " 31 feHEb UW 3 
USH g3 3Hfeb 1,552 fa. Kb. (970 Hf3)M3#33 3 
FU3 W ^3Wb 640 fur. Ht. (400 Hbff) 31 fdtfesr 
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M33^3 3 USWb 333 1 



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dfe»r Ifdd 4& ?fne dfe dfe- hw fee" w $ fedd 

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fe3 cTW3 3 fBTM 7 M3 fe?3 3 fui 1 §H>33 Uf33 

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33 T 77 §H>373 3 ¥S>ff M733WfM T M3 3W-¥3B 
g3¥ f%3 ¥3 fWticSdltST B33 7 §33 5f3i3 5f3 foM 7 
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39TH3 3 33 fTO 7 fBU 7 ! fe3 H3t 3 M¥t3# ^f^M 7 
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Ht fefH3 753tff ^Pt ur3-f3T33lM 7 ¥3T 5T33 
M 7 3Ml?>tM 7 3t’ 75oT §¥3 S 7 MfowfeT 3 33H 7 3t 
M3 3t 35T Tret I fer OnTi'ya 33Kfe3 3cT ^TTfBTM 7 
fe ¥fdWl <Ssj 1 Hd! 33 7 ?7 M'BHITjI'MbIm 7 S 7 B 7 ¥W 
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33 1908 f%3 33o(l' M33 ^HlTTr 3fH3 
3 7 ¥ 7 S3T 33t #¥ ^ §¥>371 3 tSfR'73 3 

■BOtc/lM 7 fe3¥ M3 HBIBBT 3 TO 7 ^" ^I'dld'dl 
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M3 H333 0¥3 geS 7 ^ TTB?" ^¥ fe3 fOM 7 1 

¥do(l M33 fed! f33 iTBT M3 B-dl'^d M 1 H 1 01 
3! 33T 3 faBSl' fe 1919 3^ 1922 Ht. 33 

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fea’cSdf MUfSMM itW OT*W MF357f §" 3 f33 3TE1 
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(3B5ft) BftTM 7 fBTM 7 1 1 77^33, 1922 $ 3]^ 33*77 
MB^ ^ HTTB 7 ?! 3 ¥3 3 1- # ¥ 7 3H 7 5f3 feTO fBTM 7 
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MW 7 ?! 5f3 f^ 7 ! M3TW OB 7 !* 3133' 3 33 3 77^ 
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fe3t 3T3t M3 §T7 S' ¥SKt 3BT 3 MW §¥7737 
M¥3 7 §3 3t ?t BTJ f33f BTHt I 

27 HHt, 1960 §" ddo<l BrT 7 77 feef 775777W M fndl 
ofHBT BMt ¥ 7 33t 3t HdSf'd 3 1 " 3¥3 7 ¥W3 

fero I feH 7737 3f3 3H77W MHBWt HlB BTHt M3 ¥ 7 B3t 

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fH3 UfBHt 53*773 33 3 f?3 H33T3K 3 3T3t ! 9 BWMt, 
1961 § W3H3 BMt 7T? 7 B fe'U 1 77 ¥sT77 ^tB 7 fBTM 7 1 

12 TT3B3, 1980 * 33^t OtM 7 3feM 7 3t3 TOT 7 
* BtfHBW HBcTB £ f33 3T310 1 f53 f^d 7 M3 
¥‘d«l>f3 dd fed! felH 3 3WB3¥ H'dlM 7 d'HrtldoJ 
UBTtM 7 3 3K-33T ^t *¥ 3 313 1 McfdBB., 1981 fe3 
f?3 Hfe¥’*o( MHBWt BWTOt 3T3f 3 TT^ 7 Hfeu 1 *' 
fBBftTM 7 fBP>r frTJT £ 7 77^33, 1982 * y>ff B3-H3 
d'dl Wdl cfld' fBTM 7 1 

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ddift'd - forar fay Haiw orat at aat 
Ga' aa 1 ?aa aaa aaiw tatea fema a aa 1 uorwa, 
^wa ; a^a fea a w aaaa awi fa 1991 fea 
20, 199,000 oa.dwaaTW’aAFti 

uf ipww - fOTOTyraHaaarwHtatuH 
w aa aw 1 F6?atyF ) hs+ uia a fa wat yar sa^ 
ytata 1 - w uatna aratya aa 1 faa aa htf, aa yia 
5 if fairw fca yraa feaaa a 1 

net irwa - fea a 1- feaw aa Katya aaa 
wat saa to a 1 ga Hia, stw faaia yia aw- 
^Hf fw H&tya aatya TFatya aai ha 1991 fea 
27,379 za HHaat Hgtyp >aa 39,401 aa afeypat 
watyf aatyp aiatyp ha i 

HAyra 1- — jrAyfa 1- fea at ypafew a 1- w 
yprpH aA 1 ihaaa wsr a 1- 1 9 atnat faH r fenyaa 
fea afeyr Staya ai wra^ Hayraa yatwt a 
ka iga aiatyp- uai ha>W faipaTF fea 
gaa 3" fw a 1 aga aa hw a fet aya 1- at aw 
yp fw a ua yia^w fen Hwyra- e ftw Aar 3a ?t 

o 



aat <dsslyF HAyfa i " a 1- tgonn 3" faa 1 " a 1 fsa wa 1- 
aara, femra faypa 3 ha, HtfHa, orara, aataa, 
fydwl a r hhpa ypfa ywfa at»r HAyiar wartyr 
3atyp aA 1 fen a ea ipa-uta atyp #fp, ma? - a 
fenaat hvpa feypa aaa atyp HAyiar at HaiUa 
aA! 1980 feyp a ypaa a fey yntoiw HAyia at 
spat faaftra Sat ai 

ypa^H'at a hpta — aaat faa Ghhat aar aw 
4000 fe. nt. watyp awa watTP ha i aTwaar hwa 
ftta fay aw uaatyp at Qn'dT fa spat Of 1- yafeyp 
fap>pi aar 1991 faa na an faa aw-waT*' at 
Wat 8,429 far.Ht.HtiHWa T ^fwaarfafeyp 
afeyp a 1 W 1991 faa fay 31,261 fsr.Ht. W 

Hdof'dl HadHI yft 27,960 fe. Ft. IP 3 oT HHa^ HAI 

aarat Haw aaif at ypaarat uat a 1 fanayw yra 
yiBpar faa a yfea-anraat aa^ yiw awi fw a 1 

fj 

few 24 aa yfaa- Wt aa 1 ^- yfa ua i 

HHaat ypawpat aat yadarfe at fwa 
effetyp aiatyp aw 1 ferayw, fernta, ffba Hanfe, 
ferteTsPaA yfe aarPA fay atyp asrtyp Waarfe 
aA ftfe" 3^ ^-^ypat yfe ypawat aat a 1 

aipa - fan W faa 1 spjar^ qrg- gtyp atw, 
yrw-yfe atyp atfe, aw, w yfe aH^, HHtAat, 
uaaw a § 3 wa, ayfewy aHW Hfe yfe fatfay 
rta ypfa yaa aatyp featyp ua yfe HHlAdt, 
dH’fafeoT anW, wa 1- yfe feppa at»p Wa, 
feawat aaW, »fW yar, HAmrat aw, ynarr »ra 
afe ypfa aw Haiafeyp afetyp aw 1 fay 1 a 1- aaa 
aira ataar, yfat yiay, aafe, (ataafTsa, tTaH?ft, 
Hgcra aar, HWAfyp yfe faawt ?aw W a 1 

war 

aaat aay yfe Myp na^atip fayePd yfea 
a 1 fer oiay fay fe^f naatip a 1 Wr ypfa aa 
aAi ush yfe yaa ^w # Wr faaa ypa hai yaa 
fafaaw FfW f^a feat feaatypat, aaat 
HygAfypfe ' yfe aaat fer fra yp t ani fey - 
HWyp faa 1 aaat Wp a ha a 1 W viaa ipfeyp 1 
feif a fey ypfa aht fey dwt-fewt an Hwt- 
Haiwt hw at ahw at fayat 3fei favPA HniayT 
aw # fey srat 3a ahap a 1- aaat Wp aat hw aw 
at afeyp a 1 fen aay mpaA aaoft at ua i w ydAl 
yfet ai fei7 wop a lyaiafe arw »ia >Ap yfwufetA 
?>hw ?pw hw yfefyp awi ferua at ywaa nafe 
aaaft ai 

fer 1993 faa fen an at ypwt 59.87 
fewtyfA nt 1 feaw hw 3 1 at fey at an saiwa 
Wfe sat a 1 hah aa at fen fer faa yga feypa 7 




3 I feF3 fa>fa Fdft'fa gF3 7375 H3 FF fafafa 733 
MF FIF FF I FFM FF 1000 fast 28 M3 H3 FF 1000 
fast 6 (1991) O’ I 

fat fa g3 fat fal feF feF ffart ?rfa O’ I far# 
?f f M3 fair fff utf f i gF faFF* - feF 

faM^Fi ate far ^45 fanfafafa 10,000 3 gF 
far gfa HfucF feF FfFF 1- f i far f usfa m 3 GfeF- 
Ugfa fdfHM*’ fad faddl ffal't! 1 O'. H 1 FHF r H'dld 
M3 Ugfa H'fdrtl ¥3fa feF fat facRF Ft fdIFfa 
fa^TF 1- F I feH3§75, W, fefatF, MFW, 993, 

FrfatMFrFU fetj f fat yfdd ff i 

FFF M3 fat - 3Fcft F 9F3 fal 3FcT iFfa F 
FF PhTj' Ft sHF fa 3Foft FI fo? 3TF feF Mdfa 
M3 FFfa F HFfaf M3 EdF^ £ 3F3 fefa F MFjfa 
FFF falfa ffaTt cTF ?5fa F I ffa far 3FF M3 MFfa- 
FFFt FFF tFF FF I Udfa M3 FU3- Udfa fafa F 
ftffa feF Ft FdFt FFF UF753 FI 75FTslFT 1 fafat 
far MFFt Ft faF FF I 335ft F CRJFt far, falFF HUF 
3 fett MFT HF, ddcfl HHF t Ft F3F oftfe fa?>t faF 
FF I feF F fat-fat Hfafa, UHTtf 3F 3 fefafa feF 
9F3 Ft fat fat FIFF CTTTfet, MWlFtM 1- M3 CfFFt 
FFF faF FFI 

UFH - fen FF Ft 99 falFt W3t 3Ffa 

HHWH'cS' Ft F 1 Hrtl rtoO F U'dfHF FHH-ffeFT falF 

FF FF UF 1961 Ft. F HfFTFF H3 T FF 3Ffa F UFH- 
= * ” B % 

ffaW dlFF'F cTFF fFH 1- fcPlF F fflF MFFF feF 
fm U3K-HyF fa F3FT W FF §3 U3fa Fdt FI 
d'FTildl F FFH-fFFUtf FftfPF ufeM 1- tt I 

fHftPK 1 " — ddoft dldd'd Ft FFFJTF FF feF FF 

feF uf fay fst frraF 10 FtHFt at ffi uFtifa 

> H3 t 33oT F WU3 Ifdld'rf fad fFttPH 1 " G fa 5 'fal tHd 
fFF 7 1 CT37F 5T3F Ft 1980 F F'F 1 ' faF F r y33 T 
Ft FF FF ^ 65 FtHFt 3fa FFF 31Ft I Ff F HW faF 
F T FfFoT fafiPH 1 " F3H FF fF3t FIFt Ft FF 1948 Ft. 
faF ipfFHFt FFFF faF FtfIFoT ftTfaPF HF FF oftdt 
HTFt I IFfFHFt FFF 3F Ft F^'«l HF3 Pf3 fFFVft 
oft3t FTFt FI fet FFFfat »f3 >KlWFF fFFTFFt 
FFF W\ FFI F77 1990-91 faF fet 29 

MAfadlHdlPF M3 408 Gfa"-fafF>Hor HHF 1 ^ 1 ' FFI 
FFWFFT F^tW Ft fFFTTFt HFt MFT F^W M3 
MoTF 1- faF Qdttdl M'F FtMWt’ FF T fF3 F I 

OT-HFfeK HFT F MFJF - faFM 1 " Ft F^'HI f5Ft 
ITFttF FF75'FF T fF3 oft3 OF FF I feF ¥t UF?T FfW 1 " 
Ft 3^ fafFM 1- HFF 7 ^ MFt?7 F7T I 

fFF3-fFF3FtM t Fd«3 i # fet FFFtMr F7T I 
far 1990 faF fFF 150 feF3 3FF FFfajF F7T I 



FTrT-FW 

feF 29 MF^FF, 1923 f feF FIFFFT FffajFI 
far 1924 faF feF F T FffaF FfaFFT fFf afeM 1 - 1 fF 
F>f FHtSff MFfait FF^FF aftFtdfetlfar 1961 
faF TT^ FfaFFT WfaM 1- feTM 1- M3 dlid'dl jfaF F 
MFPF 3 FFWl Ft fe^HF' oft3t dfet F I dTsT CT6W 
MH'y«l F UF3 FF7T, 3Fi5F) MF''F«ft F 450 HFF M3 
FFF F 150 ftW Ffa 3TF M3 fefa 3 15 

HFfe Ft ^Fttfe S' TmffiFdlt ^t offeft I Orfttfe £ faj 
W Wt FfTTM 7 fePH 1 " FI FF 1980 faF feF fall F r 
UFFITT FF 7> Ffa fmv\ FF7T3 MFFWt tcTT F dfetl 
23 McrgFF, 1981 f 71^ FfalFcS U/37T J5Ht, 
F7rF75FfeF MFF75t FFfet dfet I M3FHt 3MOIF 
faf MoTfFF, 1981 feF MM3 5ft3 T l 7 7TtH3 ; 1982 
F fF?T feF Ffad r 3 F fFFT oft? F OoT feF IFTF 
UfeM 1- 1 MFF3 feF Ft UMFtFF F 1 " feF FF7T F I OFF 
21 F^FHFFM3M33F tFF T Mfacr'dFI 

FFTFt IFfatMi- - far 1923 feF feF far Ft fecT 
'dTSd'd ^F FFFITF FFF tff fet fefa 3FFt ufat 
UFt Ft M3 Qd FFFt Ut 1 946 3F F3FTFF dol Ft I 
feF fag 1 ofet OF 3FFt UMFtM 1- gt TFFTftfeoT faF 
feF FW F dlfaM^ I fel^ F Ffa gt TJFtMi" I fe^ Ft 
FFF-MFfet FFF feF Ft d'FTjIdl feF ofet faFF 
FtM^FHFtTfafa^MfetM^IMFFFF, 1991 FOT7T3 
MFHFt FtPF Ffa feF 3f IFF W?t 3 178 Ftfa 
fF3 F 5FH3 1FU3 oft3 T I HFF3F M3 HF3 FHFfeoT 
IFFfeFF UFfetM^ 7f 115 M3 88 Ftfa 

fafetM 1 - 1 fe7 3 fe3 r 3 T ' URtlfezt lF3Ft F 62 Ftfa 
M3 3>t^fecr FFF F 7 iftfa IFU3 aftFtM 1- 1 

HF r FF UFMF - FF’cSF WHF Ft F3F3 tT33 
F>fF falT F 73 UFT feF gfeM 1- UfeM 7 FI IF3 Mfa 
feFfeFfa feF M3 feFfeoTF Plfa orfafTF feF #3 
OF FFI 

far 1930 f feGmiw otff mfff moff gt 

F3 753 FoTfaM 1- FF I 

HFT-FW F3F75t - 1 FTTgcft, 1934 3 fe^ 
KtfepT UFfet ?5feF F I 

oTdHl — feF fa Ffaft F r F* - 3Boft 7513 F I feci 
75fe feF 100 5T|F UF FF I feF 3dfa fa3 50, 100 
500, 1000 M3 2500 fa fefa>>F F |F feF UFfe3 
UFI feF F 7F75 fa 75t3 1,000; 5,000; 10,000 
20,000; 50,000; 1,00,000 M3 2,50,000 H75 'F FF 
feF fa UFf753 OF I HW, 1993 feF feF MHFfe? 
FFTF 9071 faffafa F F3FF M3 fecT Ufa 13, 06: 
rtlfdM^ F dd'dd fa I 

5F T — feF F 93 3 dOT TSFd F ffaT Gw ffa 
far 3 Mfa FF M3 fecT 3^ FfeM 1- fafaH 1- F I 




443 



FFoftHfHF 



tT. y — ' fa. fa. 27 : 266 (1985), fa. fa. IT. 12:56 
(1985); cfa. fa. 18 : 577; ’far. fr. 22 : 588; Ht\ Gf). SfcT- 
1993-94 : 1296 

Hd'aft FraflH : 3Foft Hafe 3 H 7 3tHFt tT 7 
HoftHFt HFTt3 ?t feH 7 WW F 1 TOU 3F 3 fed 3Fcft 
fpft Hdl63 F 7 HBTt3 F, MOT o(F3 F^Ftm 7 (3Foft 
F Hrtd'c 1 ) F mFTU'3 F 7 feoT HHd HPc 5 o( tfrt) F 7 
HHTt3 m3 P?Hfe3 F 7 ? feH fen FHUtmF HFft3 F 7 
feHF tFPTT F fan F 7 ftft W H'csfHdl HHlt3 F HH3 
m3HH3 3" §3U3 Ffem 7 FI -H'cSlHdl HFTt3 Ft 
ifTFftnrar ?qt uopf f fhh, H3, HScftm 7 , FfetF g?>t 

F 7 # 3HH, ffem 7 m3 feHF QUHFF 7 Ft ?H3 F 7 
HHtT 7 HH3 F I feF HHlfe TFfeF UfF3t HH 1720 Ft. 
feH CJFU feH FF feH m T fem 7 HF feF U33 F HOT" 
m HIHFFT FF Ft ftT tWH 7 3TfFF cffe 7 fe PH 7 1 feH F 
i-l'*lHdl 3FT feFFT FFF 7 Ft m^t sed'd FtFFFHFU' 
feH femojcT HH3 affet FTFt fF¥ feF ftft UFHH3 F 7 
feoT mfeUH? 7 fefa 7 5Fll¥l 18 wf HFt FF 7 ?! feF 
ofet oTFfet mofe feH3F FFT 7 HHH GOh 7 HHffe 
FF?! 7 ? 7 feF FHfem 7 fePtf 7 fefe fe Gluck, Le 
Recontre imprevue (1764) m3 Mozart Die Entfuhnmg 
aus dem serail (The Abduction from the seraglio 
(1782). 

18 sit HFt F m3 m3 19 sft HFt F Hg - feF 
3Fcft Irft FFT FFT Ftm 7 3FF 7 Ft PcSdsiM ?!H3 Ft 
SH feciF 7 feF «§t ft I m3 7 FFof 7 ‘Ala turca’ 
feft Ftm 7 F’Wtm 7 u^fetm 7 QF'ddF', U33 Ft 
feWFFt fHdAl (Haydn’s Military Symphony) mfeH 
HFft3 FT3t 1794 Ft.; firH'dd (Mozart) Ft Piano So- 
nata in A Major, K, 331; yltfert (Beethoven) F Die 
Ruinen von Athen, (The Ruins of Athens) “Froh, wie 
seine soneen fliegen fel3?rt F fHH?>t 3. 9 3 F I 3HHt 
H3t Ft HfefeGTF 7 fe33t faoPF 7 Fft fe §H H3 Ftm 7 
IwS m3 F'FUHlcf'FF 7 (feoT UoTF Ft Ufet3 Ffe 7 ) 
§3 H'cSlHdl HF-uffeH33 fFF 7 fePtf 7 Fft feH 3 
mHtfH3 3 r F3 T (Pitch) Ft mWFt HFT3 3 F3K fFF 7 1 
’feF TPfeF Gr 30T F 7 Tbps’ F fe ftPiFSFFF 3?ftm3 
HF t HSF (1765-1823) 3 mofet U3?tt FfeFSFWtl 
3 feFFFT Ffl'fFt Ht, Ft mFHF HFTt3 feF 

HFI3Ft3tl 

F.y— ’fa-, fe. m. io : 197 

3Foft FTfe : 3Foft ttoo F 7 TFfFF Ftcft 
FF T ff5m 7 m*H'd §rft HFt Ft. U. 3 FF feF ^iffem 7 1 
3Foft sen 1 feF fotf fif Gferat HFfetm 7 feF msfet 
HFt F §FF3 (Orkhan) fHrt'WF 3Foft H 7 fF3 Ft H3 3 
HF3t FF?! 7 F I ^U4F (Uighar) ^U~H3t feF fefem 7 • 
3Hoft HTlFF F 7 HF3 H 7 ^ ftfe 7 ^dfolHd 1 * feF 
fkfem 7 F, feF TFfFF H¥ 3F 3 fF U3H F ITS 7 



(Texts) 3 7 3 HHftj3 Htl llfet HFt 3 HFTF 3HF1F 
(Kashgar) feF feHWfHoT Hfem 7 F r F 3 fa-W 
feF 7 ! feH HFt Ftm 7 F HF3?UF3 FF?! 7 ? 7 FF3FT 
fefersr (Kutadgu Bilik 1069-70) m3 Ffe 7 ^ 3UF3t 
> 3-3F3’ (Divanu lughati-t Turk— 1071) fviWFlm 7 F3 1 
‘Ffe 7 ^ WlFFt 3-3FoT’ UH3 oT 33oft WW F 7 5THT F 
ftTH feF 3Fcft sTH 7 F HHF 7 Ft dltF 7 m3 mtTF 7 
feF fF 7 3 F mF^ 3H 7 feF fem 7 fW Ft^ Ffet F I 

1 lFt HFt 3 FmF 3Foft TPIfF mnjF 3F 3 F 
yfy 3H 7 fefeim 7 ?!??’ hht 7 ^ yunt m3 uent Frrfe 
feF feoffes Ffem 7 ! UFFt sOH 1 ?' feF HF3 H'fddF 
F 7 H 7 feF FFIFfet HrfFF fefw fePH 7 ! feH H 7 fF3 
Ft FF3 7 HF3 HFtm 7 3of 5ft3t Ffetl feF prlFF 
§FH3 m3 3 7 3 7 FF feF Ffem 7 fePH 7 ! 3Fcft TPIfF 
Ft FFt Ihftf Hnr USHt FFfFF mFFF GhH 7 ?^ (Otto- 
man) HfejF FI feF HrfFF mFFfef3 (Azerbaijan) 
fejHFt feF fefW 7 3FoF F 7 H'Tdd FI 

F T FT3 7 Ft H'fdd 

3Foft TOt USVlt ddfdHd 1 *, FFfemfeHtm 7 ?! 7 
(Transoxiana), FPFfeH >H3 UFT3 Ft feUt Ht ferfet 
HFT3 7 Ft mFFfet FTT 7 Ht >H3 GF3 7 F ?F3 Ft feF 
3F3 m 7 Ffet I ITFf^t HFt feF FFTF fey HF3 ^Tjtm 7 
ctW'Hofi TFfFF F 7 feHfFF HWd'3 FH3 HFTF 7 Ft 
mFIFfet F3 feoPH Ffem 7 ! feH FPfeF feF feWtJF 
HHHtm3 ?'«' fem old! mFtfeF 3%mfet (Alishir 
Nevayi) Ht I feF mUF H>f 3 HF3 ^Ftm 7 ofet Fft I 
feH3 FF fNTO’ fed - , cfet lft3 oTfed 7 ? 7 m3 ? r dd'd( 
feF 9F feHF fey I 3Foft FPfUF 3 UFHt m3 USHt 
oT3 T Hcffe T F 3 offet UF 7 ’? Fft I feH FFft^ feF H3 3 
?FF FFt TOF ^fet Ht-TTfe3t HFF Ft F I feH feF 
FFSFF F FPFFft Ffe3 Ft ^Ftm 7 3H'?1d UH Fft3t Ffet 
F m3 mfeF FTF ^3 femofFt Ft HyHtm3 HF 
fdH «' feF H'fdd feF UJF Ft ?FF3 ftiSF 7 F I 

ifeHt (fTTHFft) H’fdd 

feF FTIfF 1200 3 1250 Ht. F feFoPF GhTTO 
FFT F 7 ?ftF UHF FtTF - 3 U1F3 7 Ffem 7 ! feF FrfF3 
Hfddl 3F 7 FmF 7 FfFm 7 fFPiF Phc^' F3 SFFft 
HfWFF Ft feoT HcI’dlH'Wl UFFF 7 Fft >H3 feF tfeHt 
FP1F3 ?3t UtlF 3 “FHt” FPlF3 Fft ftlFS 7 ufe yf- 
fOT KoT 7 Et dddd 3 yfem 7 5F3 ffet ?t fefem 7 
fFPH 7 Fft I feH feF mm 37T3 7 BHt FFtHF fetw^ 7 
m3 Hf33 ¥FFTF 3 c! 7 3 H3F33 ffet UK ofH 7 ? 7 ?t 
3013 331 feF o(t)‘<^ 1 fepiPF 7 FFFft 3 HHtm 7 Ffetm 7 
H3 feFT F 75T3 3F! fej 7 feF HfeoT3 # F I 3Fcft 
FPtF3 feF fam 7 F 7 FFtH ofet H3, fefF?! 7 F 7 HfecT 
3of §1TF yOT IF 7 ^ Htl feF ifelft gFU F H'Pdd F 
HF’FS’ 3 HUof'tfl FFfF3 Htl ffe>ft Hrlt^ febTF 7 
olW HFFOfet, FFfecT, ftF-FFft m3 §33 

feHHF 7 FtfF H 7 ^ Fft I 




444 



aafenfeja 

Hfewownfe H'foa 

fen H T fU3' fawew 1400 fat. fa uftw W 
oifea r fea afaw afew nfad a i fen fen fa afe fe 
dfeyfal feat afet ai ufaw nww §w ya an 
awa' nafer ggtw tw gafaw few M3 gnat 
aife gW g? HWra gt fet yfafaw WW fat I HaW 
gSHTfe nfatW, fadd 1 Hfafeg gW fen fufafey O', 
fyfarwang au fea Mfenn ifetn aMW afaa ai 
gag nwfe fe Oh bryifat acre anrr aMW feat afet 
a M3 gfat gfeaw fe aa?n nsw?! gfen awa? 
afat a?> i gy aa gfeaw faafet (Dehhani) aMW 
1300 3" uftw at»f antMf- afetW a?? i fen a 1 y^m 
nann aafe ofet, nagn gran Mnat fat, ffanfe awat 
aa?n aaya fegd'fe fetftwi ffan a^>f gfeaw 
yfe w a T gci M3 fa« fa few aa 'few h?> i ffaa 
ofegfe Mfag air ag yaw a 1 " aa 1- antw an 1 ffan 
H>f a 1 " Ua an Hfefafewafafaa (Mantikut-tayr) (ugtw 
fe nat) ajaaaat (Guishehri) aMW 1317 fen ant 
afet ynag a M3 ‘Mfafag aw’ a 1- ‘afetH7rw’ gt 
aaagyag aifeaaf ynafe fnfwa'ffag ynafe 
aa 1 feifet aat a Myfe ag awnm nfaaa at aafe a 
afe-fea fafaw w nga 1- a 1 fea nfaaa fea ‘aafe 
(Suheyl) M3 fagyd'd’ Ha-fa (Mesud) aMW afew 

afetMr HSdHcS aaya ynafe aai nefe swafe 
H'fod fen Mfeaat emw 1390 at. fea afaa 
ffangnaTrw (iskendemama) M3 aafe una at anw 
‘Hfeaw-fa-anfe at aaw fawfe a, a 1368 fat. fea 
ana at aatat awa aat afet ai 1400 at. a gfata 
aWHaa afafat (Suleyman Chelbi) at HHya ynag 
agfen (Meviid) fa a Q.diad at uhh fea ffeit afet 
Tifea3feaa%f^few#wt 
fea fea i5gf aat fatw wrffat M3 Mfeaa-a-afet 
few Haagua?i dfeafe' a at aara fea 1- w aaa 1- 
ai 

Hwfe aaaor fe gaM T 3‘ i4fet afe fea aat 
uaa feaaafet afea afeja - i5fet afe fea ea 
aa 1- ai feaafeja fe M3 Mai awt a s# 

M3 HSdti* afet a 1 fenfe aaa 1 - afeia - aaaa aara 
gw ai fviaaf a aa a Mat fea fea Hfeoft-f?r- 
^fa (mw f ufeaa gaa gfet) gy aaa a^ a 
MHd.d-fiaR - (lishref-oghlu) SW 15gt afe fea 
aat afet a 1 fea yaaa swwaasr a m 3 afea aw 
fea feat aa aatM 7 fafeMw - aaa afera a 1 fea aa 
a feaafea afeaa^fea cfet araw wt aa fea 
Mfetw 1 fefe fea feaa gfea (Kirk Vezir) Kaagyata 
yaaa a 1 fen fe fewg 1 ' Mfet ana anaa adcsw, 
feaaa afeia - aa srafe Mfe fa^-ufe Mfe 
aeafe ana aaaa srafe anna aa 1 isfe afe fea 
natfegtM^ a afera gfe ftiMna faw, few fea 
Mfeaa afet ana few feHgfea afe fiaytM t da77 T fe 



Mfe Mferaufeaw fe ufenat gaaa fea ftafew 
feffera, Hafegyaa aaTafe aa 1 

aaoftafeia fea gaaa a^-fear aa aaagyaa 
aa fea aa gaa f feaa 1 ^ a feiHa ?aa ‘Ha wa fea 
awfe a 1 fea fea Mfear aa 3 r fear fe pwa 
afefew a ana fferr fe afe 1 fea fea unr (Ghuzz) 
few hw fe? aafe- gaasr aa fea aai fea fea 
gfea srafe anaafea fe ?ftg?r Mfe ana* - afe feaanr 
?aar gaam fea 1- few a 1 

oWTToft' HfetjcT W fgoC H 

i 4 fe Mfe isfe afe fea aafe afeaa Mnjfet 
yfe ftraa fe at Ma fea fea aaftaar aj^ fe ufe fea 
a?n aafe afeaa - a 1- feona fea affeMfet aa a a 
aw fefepanror aafewfe - aa ftrnfe a w aa 
-crfea T fe agator Ma aaa aa 1 

1 4 gt afe a Ma fea safe aaafea Mfeaat Mfe 
afefefe fea aa a aa fe gfetw ofet a? aa 1 afefeft a 
fufera doifeofl aafewawy'O? fefefaa feat Mfe 
Mnfef Mar a uaatMa Hfa a 1- hto? Magiawi 
Mfaaaaw a Mdal orata 1- fafew 1 fa a aa aw 
fea erfed' fe fe aa?? feat 1 fea a? a aaagyaa 
dfetMT fea aafe (Hamdi), Mfet (Ahi), Hfeat 
(Meshihi) fe aa fed*' a ?fet do(* 1 o( ?aa fegw 
aaa aafearfed feanaagyaa Mdia* irfewi 

i 6 fe afe fea gdtw owatora afeia fe aa?? 
afei fea air aanr a Hafegyaa afeiasra ayat 
(Fazuli) M 3 afet (Baki) a? aa I aafe a Qdtfe 1 
aaya Ma aa+fear arfeaw fwfefe 1 fafeM 1- gfeM*" 
fegaw fea ‘hf ana’ aaagyaa ai afet fe 
fegar fe feayaa 1 " fea a fe fafew fegafe" fea 
aaftaor ara Ma sea ya aa 1 fan sraor fa fea 
Magaaa ' 1 a aaftaar aw fe yfe fea aa 1 

i 6 fe afe fe afeia a gaaa a yaa fea fe 
fewfear ufet feat a Ma fea feaya 3 T afe fea r a 

UW (Sinan Pasha) fe d? 6 ' dH'y-Ma (Tazarru-at) 

fea few a feafe ai fea afe fey 'd daw 

(Ibretnama) dd'ilM^ fe yaag fa afetfet (Lami’i) 
gfe aat afet Haagyaa aaa 1- a 1 fea a? fe aa a 1 
Haagyaa ana 1- ftwfeaaw (Shikayetnama) fa 
agfe (Fuzuii) fe aaw a, Haagyaa yaaa a 1 fea 
afe nafea (Sadeddin) fe yaag arraa-agfetg 
(Tajurat-Tevarik) gt Haagyaa a I 

1 7gt afe fa fea fe gfe Haagyaa fejg a? aa 
faaa r fed feMfet (Veysi) M 3 aaaftat (Nergisi) a? 
aa fafe a agtfat Ma gaag fea gfat afe fatyfe 
Mfea aafatatw feMfetM 1- Ma aafe afaaa a ?rfe 
Haffawi fea air fe aa a 1 gfew ayfet gw gfe 




445 



57fof (Niff) offo^ ft fed dr 3ft3-5rfe d3 d 
HOofeUdft d'dcS 1 3 Udd .dfd& 3 3 3d fetl Qd 

ddfeMfet wfot w sfet 5rt i for d>r rradt s 7t §3 

3idfe footer i meis 1- hw 3 1 dcfor sfet 573td rtfeM 1- 
3 fo Mfoid in dt §3? fed afosr 5ft i fen 57 draw 3 

Odd fed TT 1- 3 of! dHftl M3 ftdd 1 S ^'fed foMfe 
H3 d^T ddt dF fed d3 d dtfor ofW'Hloftt ofet fed 

U 

?r H^-ti faw 33U3 uftfe d 1- Hdy3 ofet 3Fffosr 
18fot Mdl fed dfedf fen S' ‘dHcV MdcT’ (Husnu 
Ashk) falw 1 fen hh 3397 §33 oift'aferw Trfod 
fefo fear H33dy357 feddd ofeMG hs 1631 fed 
fd 3 (Kochu Bay) s tfofo? rot fed 3 r i-rfttf35r 
fed <4 feftP>F fi-IMtit fefdd'Hof 'd cSh 1 (Naima) 57 yyd 

3U fed Soffi oft3t I 

fed 3 fe?3d T 33 dt 333ft Idfed 33 fed 
»f T fe>M T fad S Mdfo 5fo5ft dd33 fed fo3 r (j | 14?t 
ddt fed HU'Tdfe 33" fed Mt^d fad fed ofO'afor 
dt H57I fed HO'cdfe d 1 " 77 5Tt 3 575ftdt 

3W 1403 dt. fed dfddff foMM §3 sTcffe-T 
offedfe 3 r dfedT ItTfft (Fuzuli) 3>tf T 3 T 1555 dt. 
fed 3f3W foMd feH dlfed fed 3fSt 3 1- 53(33 
5f33dU357 5ft I 

§35357 dfojd - fddfet dfojd fed fd"d»?d 
yH3oT (Hikayeler) ?3ftf3fS 33F 3W 1284 dt. 
fed feyt afet I feoT tffe'ft H57d Md3t (Yunas Emre) 
dMdT feftW foM 1- felH fed 33 33(83 H3TF33 
offedfe H7TI HfedTd (Mevlut) fecf Cfdfdd dfe3 r 
HHV3S dfoft (Suleyman Chelebi) dMdr 1422 dt. 
fed foot 3iat i fen fer dfefet dfed 1 535 ft 
3833 T 1600 dt. fed; fed 33Ht3 (Tarih) fer 
feTdd'Hoi 3VT ut33t (Peehuyi) 33133 1650 3t. fed 
£ 3H3"^tT, d"**’ (Keshy-Uz-Zuman) UHdd Hdl 3 r 
3H crfeu-isat (Katip-Chelebi) 383^ 1655 3t. 
fe3 feftf83l3T83l 

nffXffSoT oTO (19fet »f# 20fef H3t) 

(OTH5f3 53f33 WJ^t 3fcf3t 33 3353§3 T 
Udld U3 T 31 feT 3H o?Ft H'fed 33 fed 

»T3t>v3"3 ^7 S ld?3 aTOH.'*^' ?3W nflfst 

33 3333(1 for HK FPfUdcT 333 fed ?fet 37 W 
feSdHd 83fo>3 8T3 Hd 3 Uf33 t folMfot fetdt 
(Shinasi Efendi) 7 fe ofet M3 03333 ift, S 
dSdtH3 (Tanzimat) 77 d( 3333 W ddHt 333 3 1 
33dt fed Mddd - cffoT I for 3 ofo U3 Hfo( dt IBS 
ffEd 7> ?3d3' M3 E'dof 3 333 fed ofo d^ 1 7T>7 
daTfotM* - feM 1- 3 foTdJdd feMfor I dfod 73ZoT 3 
MBS fed yfo>3 £ ¥3S’ (Fatherland) Eft 3 3M3 
dMd 1- 1873 Et. fed folW foM 1 " Ht I Ufod U3 1 - 
73dd Mfofd Htdd3 (Ahmed Middhat’s) 3 T ‘UHS 
Hfotd’ (Hasan Mellah) lit 3 1875 3t. fed felw 
fcFTM 1 ' 1 



ddofl H'fdd 

HdTd lfe>ft 53f33 dlTOdfet Ht 1 Mfofd 
hT 3 t 33 W 73dB- £ UHS 5ifot3’ dfe 1 333 Uftfe 3fo>3 
U3 3HS 3 r TEAdlyd' (Intibah) M3 ^ lrrKt , 

(Fezmi) 3 oTHdd 1876 M3 1880 Et. fed fed 313 
Mfofd 3 TT^K 3 HdrgS 3 3S I fed 3t 33 dt H?t 
UHSt iraiftMd MEdS UoT UVftd Ht I §3 dtM 1- 
orfedfe- 3 T fojfo Hora3 (Makber) 3 3 1885 3t. fed 
feftfMH foM 1 " I QH6 dddof fed cTdoT ?t fed, f33S T 
fed feoT <333 'dOdd-M-fod' (Duhter-i-Hindu) (The 
Indian maid) 1875 3t. fed feftfM 7- foM 1 ” I 

H3d3-3-f?l?r (Servet-i-Funun) 77 €3 fed 
3BW 3 3 1890 3t. fed Udfed dfehT fad S 

ididfedt syar s dfeM r i for for 3331 3^feor 

fecT33 (Tevfik-Fikrat) fed^'6, H'fddcOd M3 A'dft- 
533 '3373 ifefo’ (Halid Ziya) S HlfadoT d33 fed 
333 Hffo HfetM^I 3dfeoT S 3or#3t M3 ?fe H33 
foM 1- 3 offed 1 3 B33 fed 3ddfot ffofodtl 3W 
rfoF 535ft Hfold fed UfeW Ug>ft ?3dS5R3 5Tt 
(3H3 W 33373 fwsfoF M3 H6<f<33T 31 

fed for fed M5t 3 35fo4dfet 5fetMr 3 r fe dt FIcTd 
3; fejfe fed 3?33 BOfetdts (1870-1934) M3 
yfol ddHt (Huseyin Rahmi) 3 1 

1908-40 dTHVF 

fed for fed 3 T 5?33d T 3t sfe3 S Jdfad §33 
333 Os* 1 ^ O' feM 1 " M3 H3fe <t M3dt 3 .d'dHl dt MOt 
B33 1 ■%»! S' S3 3 E3W M3 FFdt srad 1 "^ M3A 1 §fot 
H3 Sftdtl fed 53T §337 Ufofof ?dt dfeM H'fdd 3 
M' S tH'<± oid^'feM 1- foM 1- fed 3 fed dfe fesfl 303 
3 dfold Scd dS 1 UdOT oftd 7 tdaf f?3F I fed H5T fed 
3t fddyst ftfos dt 3d7T ?t 3 33t dt 33 fo ?fet 
§ dHcf d ' EdT dTdTddcr 3fe3 T dt fodt W 33t fo I 
fed dfo 3337 H33d3357 Sfetfo fed Hfedd Moffo 
(1878-1936), CTfotM 1 - dddir (1855-1960), OT 
Sdfe (1898), Mfedd 3dtdt 337f3?33 (1901-62), 
Sdtd irfed fed§35r (1905), §d3 d333tS, 57fotd 
tHofl Mold M3 ft did fddH3 5TS I 

fed 3f 53T 3377 TEdST M3 fecTt oRlfotM’' FTdT 
51333 Jdf03 ?t fofW idd SETI dfotd M33 (Ha- 
lide Edip) 57 H33 dfoMr 77^F> fed I §d 3 Tddfe 
fed £ 3<73 T t7 > (Handan) (1912) M3 ifotofot 55 !77 
(Sinekli Bakkal) (1936) UW 357 1 fed sf35T 3 77^7 
3 0 fad'd dddfd 51dfeMr^r ^ (jd 5133 5733 M^d 
3571 fed 5W 3 fecT 33 ft r <3Wd' 1 d CP5T3 odddt 
ol'dHHftdlfo (Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoghlu) 3 fen* 
ofet Ud35T 335ft dfold S feTtM 1- 357 ! H33dy357 
ft'^rtcl'd 1 3 r ttlyd ofotdd'^Wft'^iBof'd dtlTd^dt 
fdlftdloift (Reshat Nari Gintekin) 3 fedd 57 T d75' 
ddffed (Chalikushu) 3 1- 1922 dt. fed M3T3dt fed 
MSd^5ft3 T foM r lfVf57or3fetfo3foyfefed§>fo 




446 



JddlVfe, sfer?7 Hdi#fe3 



h«s$VIa (Omer Seyfeddin), ddld d'lrif dddl 
H33?U377 H?> ftT?# £ 5fet fa?7t da^fer atw 
U33dr Tfet Hrfd3 £ faatw I 

1940 3" grW ^H'fdd 

fea aif fer?7 wfet ftif at ^ 3 aaw at aajr 

tt'dlc# ?35HW at :?33 ofet 7F3 753# f#3 77^ 
cfet 7fetW 3aat7#W wt>>f I far HVf #377 datfe 
fed 33133 Hd77 (Mahmut Makal) £ fei43 fe (Bizim 
Koy); W33 333 £ fe?73 Hfe3 (Ince Mehmet) 
uaasp fotrtwi fenwr 333?ij3?7 ofet 

Qdd’cS #7# oFfeoT (Orhan Veli Kanik) 3few O' I 

J.U.-#.f§\ 14:29; 3. f-10, d. 196 



WUdfl 7533 o( A' 3 HtdA t!d fea dddlcW 77 

oifeF >83 ffel 377 1843 fea gi# 

t U T F T H T> ?F at fet offe r 77*75- fe at 33# I### 3 
afet i fea for afo w ust aa?# 5# far #354 ar 333 a 
far fa TTfer a trow £ uat stvrofet 77*75 faat 
nft ffe fea for fea faafetw a* t-fesafetw 

3tf Q<y 3* Hdl Hdl fed 03 33 143" fen dl75 3* fed 
ltd* 3*># Bt fe" 3»‘tld HKflWfe £ feW77 ddti 5133 
cfKr 3* 3T75* 777# tffeW 3*3* afetan 

dddltS 1 ? 77 H'dl f33 Id 1 tTl Adi dldl 143” 377 
1842 fea fed" fdH'A' >833 3" fe 3* fed" 77*Trfe3 
33* O^r SfeWI fll# 31' fed* 1J7#77 feW333 77*75 
fearWJW'aT# ^fWaa^rvf^FISrferH^fea 



dd'dlft^, FfecT Hdrilf^tT : fen 33*77 31# 
<V dAd'd , o(<^l 3" A'dcfof'd ftlH # aa-feWF 7# 
33753* >8# Wife UW 3 33*7554 3313" £ 03" 3377 



‘ddo( 3377*?* glJ^'Oe 753T #4W >83 f%3 feHtS 
<Vdd feua W33 543 ffe I fec^' Wld - 



fe cfVFW UFTO" 1#, er iT?>K 9 ?fe3, 1818 El\ £ 
(Orel) fe 33^ 3 fecf ferfeUF »f^H3' 3 UJ3 - 
3fe»F I fell 3t >F H3t WftB' Hi.l 3ddlA<^ W431’ 
VF 3 UaW Hsf ,r H W Ff3 HU'H^fe 3 'ci'^dci 3 1 " 

333“ fwr wra ofenFi h?> 1822 fe fer 

ufera 7FH" TO14 3t 3at 33" 3 fe>>FI fej fe^W r 3t 
gr# H'fddoj'd # f33 ^ 533" >833 

fU»F fed 1 " feT 3l»F fetfe 3 31433 31 HW >83 
33 U l 33 3 3 3 31 3t fefeF 3 fe«F?r 1838 3 1841 

Ht. fer # asrffe at yAl^dfedl' 3 1 fefeF 

1F143 cfetl §3 fera et ~feW'H€l 3 r ifefe # # 
fer # WIST tTfe fe FOT 33 at BHUfet fet 
DIBITS' cf3a a 1- 3517514 offer I feT # H#J33 offer fe 33 
£ Osh at»F ffer fer fa 33^ aartar 3 1 



iT333?7’ (1848); fe 3333’ (1849) fe? fe a 1- 3337 
?F3or c 3 33 feT a 1- 333# (1855) l{fe 3cT I 3ddlA-€ 
#fe-fe3 ^ft^33 5ffelfe##^fea#25 
31F ta33 Slf^fe >83 H3 life# 1F1T3 afe I fel 31F- 
f%33 fefe, HTfe - >83 f'-Hafe 8Fta 3>3 3?T I 

wua fHcf'dt afe a a3V7 fe £ ferfe ar afer 

3fe 3 £ 3fe W H5T fkfew I Sfet U^t 

feat ffe £ fe £ £s£ £ rfa #a afer afe 

fewa srafe^w >83 wat 3He3at §314?7 cffe i 

fe^r 31F fel j(d 1 fea feH<5 aa 3 1 af# W ddl ^dl'd 

at uar at wa ftradt oftat i fer a awagir fer £ fed 
H3fe at aa 3fe >83 fe #a s^t airfefe fe 
fewa atra ar waa afew i 

33 iflddiHyddl fed fed Hdl A at da 3K" 

333fed- # fe’ ?a at wifet %3- fea ^3F3 a afe- 
ar aa 3#a fer caw uarar^r oferi fea atw fgrar 



fea A ( <^rt at feaa ar a i wife aadfetw fe- 




sfea 33dfea 



3 ^ 35 # >83 3WT3ra 3 1 fea a 1- feaa at fe fea 

arfaa a 7 da aoI fe Qo hI^a a U37F t# ar 
ffeatifeaiadafe^?afed?Ffed^t A T fed r 
a ^ >83 ^ a at^ ffe wstw 3dr?ar §■ 
aaarfa 331 33 1856 fea sfew f |fe3’ feaar 

few 31 fe wa afe# - ’ (1859); % ar afe’ 
(I860) >83 fe ar IFddr'd 8f3 333’ (1862) 

fe a 9a 33 1 gat afe3 £ fa?# TTfe" fe^- 

dddlAd £ 33 3t 333 >83 333 33T A'« faafew # 
fe3 53377 fe3 at H3 HTTniF 3Ft I 

dddlAd 33 ^3 d 3337# 377 " fepH 7 ! fea at 
qfecF 353 fewaaa fe afeat at i gat arfeasr 

tffe?7 333T?fe £ liaa S3t at! 3 l 'f5H3fe W3 
fefeasft 7735 - fe at fTafet at 3ati 377 1870-71 
at safe >83 fraaat at safet dfe fewaaa fer 
3337# fpfe feP8r| 33313^ ^t Q<y a Hdld Hdld , 
UfeSF «s)A >83 fed life fea W d dfdct Adi ftlWr I 



447 



fejdfes 



Travel fed dfdffefe fen s *idd’ (1864) nit W 
(1865)?ret>>r%^^>f^|FU^>>f T ^?7 T B T 7^ 
W Mftwtp fefe i §d avr dys for s ‘awfe (1867) 
s 7- d 7 fesr fe 04 fafyw at i 

tjfUTT fed 3ddfcfe dHl Hp^'y 'd d 7 fed dyS 7 
df I add dd, dllfed SS%Hd, dTStdd dy, Wats 

fey >m§ 3sfe fear ?gy fiv sy°r s fed fe afe 
^'Osfdld fefe > tffe for SdT tlHdl Srfedfefel dfed 
fe fed <Jd 3d fed 7 Pdd' I dS 1878 fed PPH S 

Ofed fe >H3ddWdt- d'Pd'ddl STdTdPr d 7 ^hl-WPS 

fedW fdP>F > Hfe dS 1879 fed ^/TofHddsS y <5*1- 
?dfHdl S fe)T £ ’JfMt fedldt SW dSdVTd fed 7 I 

minis' »HJdt ; fefes fed - fe dddTS^ S' cdfe §d 
fefwi fedffis 3 7 fed' (1877) for a 7 vfew 
5# I ‘fe fey >H7d dfefemtd Kfe (1881) >tffe ‘oTCdy 
faffed’ (1883) fad fe>fe Hfe»F dfefeH 7 fijTfe 7 dS I 

3'ddlS^ dfel 7 farad 7 fe US 1 " SdTdT & far fed £ 
’yufe fer to fars 7 fwd >ms udddfe dt MS fedfe 
fed fe Ud 7 Sdld 7 d ffe gfe d'fajd ddyd > Hd MHld" 
ddf 7 ^" fffe fed S Wife feHH, W, dd fd >Hd 
oTTd £ a# grafd ay sar ¥dfe»r d i 



yddl<5<^ d 7 dO'd tffdd d Sd yQdfl^rt ffef 3 
d3dd, 1883 fe, S Slfeyifed^dduldddyddl fed 
dypdfeM 7 fdRH 7 1 



d.U.-^.^. fedf, fed; >>13. fafe. 18 : 778; >>l3>>f>). 
27; aW.^S. 18 : 568 

cfetT : fed fsa-Udfet a 7 §d 3d d fvTdret 
cPdd dd fe trfdfT fefe 3Tfe HSt fefe dl 3dd d 7 
fefdWSdr S 7 Ph<H dfeoT (Citrus medica) d I fed d 
dd d 7 »Tcra id 1- >HS ydfefaf 7 SdWd »fe 
dddfeafaf 7 feJl'd 7 ' dfeof 7 dS, fed Ifd, HtTHS >>fd 
dlfd 3d dS I Uf^lT" dd 7 " ddT flfedd' dd 7 d I 

U3" SdHd, ^sS'ol'd, fed 3 1 TTofed > H3" cffe^H 7 S 
dddfe dF dS I U3 T “S^ (Petiole) U’fe'H 7 " ^ o<y| <^'d 
U3«t dl |S ^ fe^S W tJfe^T dt 
’HoTfeS fed' Sd Sd d/fe'ir d dd fed $dlt! dS I 
dsoit fedt sdd ddr ird^hd dsi Qds td 



?fer 

fed HdJ 3d3d3t (tropical) > H3' dldVT *Hdd 
3d3ddt y dd 1 fed ferttl 1 d I ^Htl H'dldl ydd' fed 
fed dt OK’S d cTHd offet dfet ^1 yd cTdt 
feurtl fed fed dt Udt ddd ddt 9" > Xd fed d dS 
JTOdTd ddT ’Uddfe 1 " 7) dd fed dS I fed d dW Udt 
d^ 1 ifed ^ Ufd75 T dt rtd fed dS MS fec^ 1 7f 
fedfdd dnjdTS Md yd Sdt ^'d'<sde fed dd 
d Uoffeiy fed 1 * dl fed d 1- dd fwifep >Hd ycf 
Uc(‘Qe fed <Sdfeorfed r dl fedd fsrtd >Md 
d drt fe ?dd dd > H3 3d fdfeTydfer 'Q< i fed 

cfldP fedt 3 1 



ddlt"d tldlof ^Lfd fedlW Udfaf 7 dS > Kd 06« yd dy — ^fiV>H^'vr r 8dfe75dd' 1 • 781" i)^tSJTd 3 ’ 158 

d 1 f5'rt si'O H ' ddl >TV TFH <il ddfey Odl'H’’ dS I 

yfeTd + fe fdT<£dt 20-40 dfe tf I fed d 1- ?S ddtiylrt : fed HdWS fed fddcTd d ffeyf - 

wford fe dfdd r ffer ud 7- 3" i ufers ^udd fed w J Kdife & i HHf^d fed fed § 'cf^d aory’ nrod 
53T fSd ?idr Ufed S' fed 7- llfedd feW3 T d^dd 7, dSI tfe Ud^dt ^fSdd dldd^S fe d’dfa 

ffer >Md ddfWTTp Hdfet Udr dl ^fe ddd 3dd, dd >Md d?oT dfe d 1 tfdcT 3jfe fed ddddtS 
ffeyd 7 " >Hd 3d ddfet Od 7 O'! did id Sd, fdddt fe dfetd FRd dd fefe 31dP d I fed yfe $ dfef' dl d, 
fedufed^^^dfeddfesfel >tfefe^fe3fedftd T ^ordfe3'>HdS T fed 7 'dddfe 

ddd d 7 dd aafe ufd gy d-ldsdid ud 7 dl ^’Q'fe & fed d 3d d wdad §■ fe dinyls fey 
dd? dHfe d ifed fed ^ for fe dTWS ffeyd 7- d 111 
dfed^ feddryy yfefedP?T r SUd r dl d.U.— H.t. :448, 598 





448 



E 3 tE-fe-tte 3 t 

3dH 3-fe-sJ tfdl (T\irbet-I-Haidari) : did 1 * 

feE gd r H r ts ufe ^fer fer arftra - it feiJE r heee e 

EH3 EH" Hdld3l 123 fE.Ht. Et gdt 3 id Jit!' 1 ' EH" 
Hfet HHE 3 E T feM r 3! HHEdt EEfe 3 feE Et 
Oeh! 1,341 Ht. 31 

UftTH 7 feF §■ rRTE 3 <’3 ?> T f5' EPfeM 7 feE 7 Ht I 
for E 7 H^E 1 73 of d E -§E -e 1 c5 333 3 HEH3 3 
fW I E3H-§E-Et77 333 E3EH 7 3 tdETt fedE E 7 
HEt Ht ffTHT Et H3 1230 3 H3T33T tfet Et I for Et 
HE §• Hfed 3 HHJ3 feE 3|333 T 3 feHHE feE 
E377 T feM'feTM r Htl 

feE Hf33 Edt HE HEE 1- 7373 33 Eftfe" 7373 
HfeM 7 dfeM 7 3 1 feE 3 §"33-333 EH feE 33^3 fEH 
3 3333 377 3 13333 33 Et 3733333 3 U3 fen 
Hfed Et UHH feEE3' felt 3 r feE H'H’d 3 fiddd' feE 
•33 EEdt dJHE <3 h f?7EHE" ^‘ttlM 7 33 3TH3 77H 7 
Hf<J3 T yt gfe 7 ^31^3 dTHtM 7 fed IlHM 7 dfeM 7 31 
H77 1871 3 TO 3" Uf3R5+ feE Hfed Et ?E HEt HM§t 
33t Ht U3 oTO" 3 H^ME fed W3 E EEH 20,000 3 
Edfe 3ftr dfet I 

ufdH" feHE §3 3 UfdH 7 dH, 33feTE33 >3 
MdEFfTTHEEd fedof'd EUM ^U<* of 'd<5 , Hfed fed 
feEfH3 35" HdT fUM 7 I H77 1956 feE fe§ Et HFE^t 
19’, 807 Ht I 14?t HEt feu ME 33 3 ddcfl ofd'c5 
(Turki Quran) EH 3 HoT fed M 7 E EH ! fcf fe§ H33 
ElFdt M3 faHUEM 377 1 

Hfed 3 »M 3W3 3 T feffW HE 7 §lHT r f' 31 
feE EEE M3 3 Efet H T 33 r fed EH 3 3373 dW 
fed 33 EE 3771 fed 3 few^ 7 fed 3H 3 sH? 
E3 T §3T, 3EHt EUH 7 fdMM Ed77, §77 M3 HlstfEM 1 " 
M^3 3 §3§3T U|f53 377 1 

M T E T 3t -35,000 (1982) 

35°16' §. fed. ; 59°13' U. HE. 

E.U.-^E.fHE’' 10 : 50; 22 : 572 

dd<S yddW (Thorvaldsen, Bertel) : 
fed ETTHMoT 3 T feE UfEE H3MW Ht fedE 7 
MHdd’Hddt Tv^-bfrt'Hc/fe'E Hfed 3 *3fe fW feE 
Etl feE^ 377E 19 77EE3, 1770 Jt. $ 3377-33177 
ffeE EfEMH feE W ftra 1- JTaTE 3 3H3 H3 r §W 
cd'dtdld Et I oTEt H'H fll3 r 7733 EE E377 Hdld Jt fed 
M3T3 33 3 MEJE" 3773 3 1 " feoCH E3 HfEM 1 " I 33 
EHE EU7733T77 >HEEEt f%3 WEFTS' H313 1797 Et. 
f%3 fE3 3E U3f9^ M3 MEISt E^t 3tE77 feE 3 
EE3 E3E 3K f%3 3HE3 r fEM T I 

33^35377 £ ETTETt EW E33 UH3 Et M3 fe3 
§E 3t 77E77 E377 f%3 333 EKSH 7, Et I E77 1802-03 
feti ‘Jason’ 73 E 1- E3 few E3E feE fe Ufefet 



33773" 1333 oflJl I feE §" f?73 773" MEEE fE773 773T 
UE M3 3H 3 EHEratEfetM" §t feE" EHEt EtfetME 
E3 fePiFI feE cTE 'EM E3 M3 feE U3M3t 33 
33337377 §t ufefEt 33 33 3E 377 31Et I feE E77 fec3 
EE M§3 Tfej fW fE 1820 Et. f%3 feE §t EEEEEf 
f§3 40 Ed ’feE EH E33 E77 1 §E HE7 fe3 fej7733T3 
fePH" M3 fe-FEE H3t ; 333 3 EE^'? M3 §E f%3 
^felEE’ M3 ‘HE 1F77' 3 E31E3M3 3 H3 E3§3 §t 
MH* 1 ESfet I feH EH f33 fen <3 EEt 337 TTHFE I E77 
1824 3 1831 3E feE § 3E f%3 ufeE E3E 3377 3 
EEE3 3 E33 ^ifeiF EE Et3" I 

M3 1838 Et. f§3 33337377 E3 ETHfEE feE 
H33 UfetT 3E3t 3 3U ffe3 tlTEME U3f3M" I EU77- 
33T77 f33 feE 3 feE H33 Jt E33 MfFfeH M3 
E3^§3 TTSt 377 f§3" ffe]^ 77^-Ufefe feET33- 
EHEt 3" feE EtfeiF 77W 31 24 333, 1844 Et. 3 
feE §t H3 3313 feE M3 T feH-UJ3 § f§33 fE3 Jt feE 
3" EEE3 r y3^ r feM r feTM T l 

F.y.-Ma'.a'.W.; 18 : 349; >>f3.fe;.H T . 9 : 974 

dcF : fe 3 Efe 3 333 § EUFfeM" 33 T 3 USEl 
3 F 3 fe 773 f 377 3 " EHE-EEH 3 1 fed dl 1 d Ed'dlM 1 
§U 3 E)fe 3 33 3 394 >ft. §t Qfe'Ht §3 Efe 3 3 
feE§ feg 3 IFE 1363 Et §fet 33 " Udfet 3 ftdE t 
77 H 3 3 t fEHtP" W U 3 H 3 3 feM r 3 I feE § M§ 
SMfe - 33 R 3 77 ^ EofelF UdfetM" 377 
feE EUE 3 ffeEfet 3 M 3 33^3 §3 3 fe #7 Efe 

f %3 Eftw fe 3 57 r ftEF Ef 33 33 Et H 3 <i T feHt" 3 
U 3 feE 3 1 " U 3 Ufet 3 fe 3 ? 7 Et EfeM 33 t 3 fe§fe 
fey tddlM’ §t sfdEM 3 f 3 E E’d 77 feE H 33 E 33 33 
3 I M 3 EH" fett feof t)dl' id 1 td 1 d Et E 3 felM 1 " 3 1 fel 
fe§EH 77 Jt Et 33^33 31 

MMfet-46,066 (1991) 

25°3T §. feE.; 90°14' U. HE. 

3.y.-fg3.3T. fe. 24 : 62 

3d fel W : 3 T fEH77 T 3 3ET (333) § f§3 
dd'UHt ftTH feE UEfetHHfet M3 EHfetHHE 
Od’dlM” E 3E EfEM 1 " Ef33 3 ! M 1 trl 1 tfl 3 UfdH' fe 
feE 73 Et fEHtEfet E 7 feE Hf33 f§F 3( fe 
Efed feE H3E3 E3E EE33 3 1 feE Hcfed fedof'd fe 
Ufet77 few 3§t Et fetE feE 73-H3W MET E 
E tEE E 1 " MfeE E'63 HHt MEE3 M 1 " E fefEM 1 " E3 
E77 I fe3 feHEE E3t feHEE §Efet EH 7 E 7 
TTETT 7 Et I feE feE fE§EUH3t ¥t EEfeE 3 E Hf33 ' 
UEEEH’'0'Et 31 

M r Efet-27,640 (1991) 

11°10' §. feE.; 79°36' y. 3E. 

E.U.-f^U. 3T.fe". 24 : 62 




449 



dWHl : feo 6d1Ud1 (Labiateae) 33 F 7 UF 7 O' I 
feH F 7 fcfdld-FFF F 7 MfeHH F30H (Ocimum sanc- 
tum) O I for fe3-03t M3 UO~Od1 UF OF I feo UF 7 

wIfh 7 of 7 or feF f 03 wot hw sot of ofi 

ffr Et-st M3 fIf ftfe OF OF I ofet TTFtM 7 F tw 
Ufe ?t OF OF I M^T 30 3 fe3 F30 feF 6 fF SOT 
OF OFI HUF-UF (Calyx) W 30 3 FFF3 &F 7 O' 
>H3 F? SO OF 07TI UOF-UF (Corolla) Ffft W 
30 3 WF-UF 3 ?3t FOt OFt I feF F tt OF 

OF I §UOF FJJ F 4 UF OF OF I U3F0 (Stamen) 4 OF 
OF F F~Ft0W U3F0t (didynamous) f3HH F OF OF I 
FOfetF F F fdF OF OF OF I 

3FHt FFtM 7 F OTOH 330 feF fOTFt rPFt O I 
feo WO M3 U 7 f3F3 7 F F ftOlsTdl F3 3W feF 
fVIFtfl 0 1 feF F U3, HttT M3 H'd 1 OF 1- dt F?fet F 
30 3 ^OfeM 7 iFF 7 O I 3KFt FO-lF^W M3 UO 
FtM 7 HtH'dlW 7 F FtoT 30F 'ttl 01 feF F 7 cc^ 1 
FFF, FoTH M3 H3fet OK feF ?0f3M" Ffe 7 S' I feo 
tFF S' Q3 FcF FF W3, faWF 7 ftOT ftwfo 
FHt F t *fotmTfe3 F?fet ?F ?t ^ofFM 7 Ffe 7 3r | 

3FFt F ufFM 7 F 7 F 7 ^ 1 " HFdtM 7 , FfFM 7 FtM 7 
OF FtM 7 FtFFtw 7 M3 fFOlO FtM 7 Ofe'dlM 7 Ft3 
30F FFt ^OfoW 7 Ffe 7 O I feF F FTT UfcM 7 F 33^ 
f)TOF FOT 7 3 tPOT FW HFOfe feF 003 FFF UOFF 7 
01 feHF U3 F#0 F 7 F trfeM 7 F FOfWF IFF 
U'OIf OF I fecT WFOT feM33t FFt feF Ft H T 30 r OF 
331 U3 M3 f3F FWtW 7 frlOF 7 OFlfeOOOOfeFF 
Ffet FS" FfetF OF I FfFW 7 §" feH 3 1 WO H T 30 7 FSt 
O'oIfI O I feH F ufeM 7- F 1- OF FofO 00 OF H#0 
feM 7 " F 7 ^" F 7- Ud'F 1 OltTO 0>lc( O F’F 7 0 1 UfFM 1 " 
W OF 03^0, Off M3 fFOtM 7 OFF FFt 
^OfeM 7 WW O I feF 7FF OF F 5fl3 W ?3H ^ OFF 
O F*F OF I 

feF FtM 7 " F^ 7 " F 7 o) 1 ^ 1 HFOtM 7 " HlFO C>lc( 
oTOF 7 O I feF F^M 7 " d'rilM 7 " F^ 7 F 7 UFO H30 7 , Hy- 
KUtM 7 , ofOF 7 F H3 F^ M3 Oof 1 F oCZ H'O 3 
?0f3M r F 7 F 7 0l 

3HFt F fF FfOF, MFOF F OF M3 UPMF F 
OF TTF fkfFF tPF ?FF UOft M3 HFOIF 3 MW 
fHFF 7 01 feF 3 feR 7 <€' FWFt F OtF FFF M3 
fUW-MOT 7 FtM 7 FlFfetM 7 I^F =003 rFF OF ! 

O.U.-^F.M'F. 30?t. 2 : 2319; ftot. U03F : 173 

3757^, r«^di4l3 fHW : UFfet F feF UfFO 

M3 UFOcOO F 7 FFF 2 MUF, 1926 Ot. F fUF 
OF WST fFF 7 TFOO (OF U 7 feF3 T F) f^U OfeM 7 ! 
feF F MO.O. cfOF KW U30 ‘QF'F 7 ’ F 7 FIFFF 00 
oftF 7 1 feF 3 W1F feo OF# f?F 003t O fePK 7 1 feF 



HFFfFTT 

S' Ff%3 7 foUF M3 FOF^F FHF F 7 HF FOUF 3" 
Ot Ft I feO MOJFt orfeo 7 Ofet HOfelM 7 §" oftF FF 7 
Ft! 3F few Ft ^3 OFF ofOF feF F feFF ufeOt 
UOFOOtlHF 1961 f?F UW FOoTO F feF F OFT 
oTFt Ft UFFt OFF cftotl feo cO?t FOFO 7 F 7 
FoTfUF ofFt Ft I MOiF 'FO-feOFO’ F 7 F oTfF HO]fe 
fFF feF F M'yfoof OOT FtM 7 H03 FfetM^ HFO 
Brf^F 7 OFtM 7 OF I feF F du*' U30 F FoT otif^ Ft 
dildHOt FFt M3 ctWI tidd'd' F FdfUGT f^MFJoT 
UF’Od OF I feF Ft orf^F 7 f%F HHH3 7 , FFF3 1 , 
FF 7 Ft KU03 7 M3 HOfFM 7 p ^FO OT U? 7 ? 
HFF OF I feF f^F feOFO M3 Oto OFt OOT ?U0 UTOF 
O I feF Ft ^H 7 FF r 0 FO^F J F 7 Ft FHOt oTfe 0F6 7 Ft 
010 dlfed few Ft F Fl^cS fedd'd F feF fOF UU 7 F 7 
FFF oTfefet UOTO 7 cfOFt O I 

O.U.-U.HO. H 7 -O r . fe-.d. (1970) 

HSHlS'H : feo sl'dd F 7 feoT FfecOOMOT cT^t 
M3 fOFt F WFO ufeir OTF i 0 7 HFfd3K T 7TF’ F 7 5T33 7 
Fft I feF H03f^t F 7 FFF #30 UFF F Ofe 7 fe^ f%F 
OTWUO f%U 1533 Ft. (FH3 1589) f%F fecT OlfeO 
WMF F WO OfeM 7 ! feF 3 ^tr feF F ^FtcTM 7 30 
00 §F ?t U3 7 FOt FOTF 7 ! feF F 7 Ft^F O^tM* - 
arfFFfetW 7 OfeM 7 Ft I FFUF f?F Ot feF F feF 7 
F 7 F 7 feM T fed 3 Qd) TFF cFOF feFF 3fe HOT F 
OJF'O 1 OT077 7 fUM 7 ! feF FF FO^ feF f feF OFVFF 
HFO F 7 HO'd 1 fHW fOTM 7 1 fed FOOOt FT 7 F did UOT 
FFlttFOT F U'd FO OFT 5TF 7 FFt M3 OFT sTdldl Ft 
FtftfM 7 IFUF did! I 

30 fFO 33 3FFtFFT F orfdOdl F 7 FU ?t 
tfePO 7 UOHOOdt tOFT M3 OFT 30T3t Ft FOIF 
W feOHOtff HFJF 7 feF F? felM 7 1 m 1564 
f%F feF F fF3§0 feF ofe 3 'OFT M 7 }^ 7 UFF’ Ft 
OFF 7 3t3t IFF 1623 (FH3 1680) f3F FOftfeU feF 
Ft H3 O dfet I 1574 feTF 3«HlF 7 H F M^ffUM 7 
f?U ^ 0FTFf03VTFF , feUFt M33 oft3t UO feF F 
H3HF 3fet feU" oftF 7 fet dWHld'H F MFJF 7 FWt 
FW tffeF fedlOM 7 1 3 7 Ft feF dt 1623 Ft. feF feF 
F 7 F0 7 3 OfeM 7 ! 

3F?t feF 3FTftFFT F 7 H03 fe§TT OfeM 7 ! §F 
F 7 OFFS' FFFT §F Ft TTFIFF 03 ^3-3*3 FtM 7 
OtS 7 f^§F' Ft M3 §F Ft FOfTT 7 F fFO 7 FOT Ot 
FFF 7 Ft UO 3FFtF 7 F feF feoU 3 UTHOlFM 7 ?fet I 
MWStM 7 Mfetr OFF 7 ? 7 ‘Ffed'dittl’ M3 'feOF- 
Uf33 7, feF feF F §F feOF F 7 FUF? §0 3 §FU 
o(1 S' 01 MOTS' M33 Ff^M 7 feF drtHlti'H 3Ht f3HH 
FtM 7 Hdldd FtFfetM 7 F 7 feFF fOO 7 1 fe^ 7 F 7 fef30 
feF Ft 0F7) 7 ‘OFF'oy^ot^ feF M'Qfe' O I dteUld'H 
F rffeF feF ?'3H» UK, FF03 7 M3 fUM3 F 7 M3 7 ? 




450 



3WTl'3 T H r feS' 

afaz erafe for few aazTfe ‘afizvfe’ nrz 
o(fed r sfe ; fea fe fefe za farz zya 7 hz 7 ffera 
wfez'-zi 

ZOTtzHT few aazfe- fez uara az : 

3 T HWf5 T 77US' ; Z'K WfcTIW l]H<5, t-l'rtcf) Hdltt, 3^4- 
^fddHWr, UW3t H3TC3, dllz^afe, f^Hedild'^fe , 

few OzfaaT 7 , Z3# awfez, ZZ’Wt, dfed'^fe, 

d6H'4>H'do(, ^d'fdl'H 1 " Hzl fUfSl , HdHdl , dsJMlW 

anrfez, Aar-afe, zferdwz, zzaaFfaar, 3X3- 
fZZZ, fezaTZF^Ht, fydH'fdof's* , ZTf 7 - 

fez, few awfez, ZaHaTfe oft 3TtZ, U^ZZcWfet, 

dflZd'Z', ZZHTZ ZZ^, ZZZZZfefZ 7 , aTjWZ UZoT, 

fawzfeftiar 7 , a'zzcrz'ife, uzzz awfez, az- 

fHZ, Z^Zt dWHiZ'H fe oft, fez fez, Hddofd 
fuzz, par ya^, ifefen fe oft zfet »fe 
feuzHzan fafe fez uM¥ i2 azzffe at 
yvp-fzar au fez dHHfe'H few zztw fefew azi 
arfe aazfe zz zar at ai izztzzr few aazfe 
fe yfzfe anzz aa wtar 7 zzzfe" fez z z 7 az feaz 
fea fez sfhz a afetw 1 . 

‘a'HzfdZHTZz’ fez dWHfe'H z azr aarfe zzt 
fezz uzhot zzz 7 tiz 7 aftz 7 , fefe orfe ffezt zzz 
fez fe a^ zza fe fe ^ zza fer arfe i 
a.y.-fSr. fe.f .; nta-fez 7 . 9 . 175 ; fajF.fefz. 

3'KKl' <fh 'fys : wfz afet swta fe 
awfez at 3 ^ zaife z 7 zz zzt feat a fefefe ann 
o< ti 1 z 7 Hd z yfaz 7 ?zzz y 1 «Hlcfl z wuz <j)z 
fez ofld 1 a 1 for z hziz fttz fe aw-aarz az az 

Q t5 1 Z WUZ cFfe fe cfH 1 Z 1 Zfefe - 3 T H 7 feZ Z at 

zfe a 1 zzrz ofet zzfezzr fe fez fzzfe z zzwlcft 
cfet z fazt az 1 fafe fez anf-zferz z zzzzz zzt 

ZRZfeZ HZ ZZ aZI H T ZZ~tTfeZ few fiRZtW 

Hfzzzfe" z 1 " zazz zzzt awfez nrazz ^aa-r zfez 
HTar’ fez ffez 1- a 9a azf waiz ofefef fenr 
azzfe" fez zat fezz 1- 1 zzaztoft a r H T fez' z ferz 1- 

HlfU'H'dH aTH'fei Z oTEPZcT fe zt ZZZt rd'H Z 

uzz-ariazfezraizzfeafW'azfeaz zfzz’z 1- 
arzfzar uzz anirz - , a^zz 77 x 3 , atazzaizz nfez 
hi < 5 or az? 7 fe- ( 5 'w fezz 1 " a i fea zt ‘a’HzfazHZ’TZ’ 
fe HFuzt fefe zfzorz a fez ?rz zzzt aTzfez 
fe ^zzz- fez zzr afenr a 1 

ZZZtZZT Z ddlZ'6 Z ZoT-aftPHZ 3U Z 

§iM sraz zat fezzfadvrzz’ fe.azz 1 " oftzt 1 fez 
z ufez*- %zz zaiz zztHT z, ffe^- z nff zazzr 
fe hz fez az, zaizza z zor-azor fu t ffeHcrz 
ofld. 1 ftt 1 zzzt z ‘azizfazHzaz’ fez fez az^ fe 
zaizt z 1 " zazz ofld 1 a, Qa zzla z 1- fzaajz azr 
?fet a, §a z*- zaz zcfzhzz fezz z 1- Hizza a fez 



zz?afMlz>fzzz r z>izarazaaHfezz r u?rRfe 
afew fe 1 fez zf 1 " zzzt z azf zzz r zz irazaz zz 
feaz aazt z 1- za aaz, aaz hzzzjz sraz hiz zu 
azt tZ aat zar Hfa > H T z T z 1- irzz sraz zst z r fe > H T 
z fzafei afzHr afenz fe HTfenz wftz a ^ aafe 
Q d fezaz aa 1 

zHztzzr afaz < a T zztazz r zz’ fea zar z 
z 1 ^ z, aifazz z taar z 1- , z^- z tz 7 w z 1- , aafet 
z fewz z 1- , ztz z fer%z z 1 ", Izaaiz z zaarz 

Z 1 ", o(tj 1 Z ZZfeWZ Z 7 , fePH T Z Z HffaTHPZ Z 1 " HfZ 

uaz z a^TZ z 7 zzar fzarfeHZ ai fez fea 
zzanztz ufazfzzlHf 7 a 7 zza fed 3 d fezz 7 a 1 fez 
zz zvrzar, trafear t azzl fza nfez za nzfe fea 
wzarz 7 azt afe zt 1 zzztzrz z fez Hfaz-tzz z 
Hffe^zz 7 z za ajaz a ^izht ?t zhz-t niar aa az 1 

afaza-fezaz, ^azzm, nfeza-fezz 7 , 
nraa-alaa, ww, dfed'-zarzft nfea zfe uh 7 z 
< a r HafezH T ? 7 z' fear fzz aw a 1 yza arfe z uz fea 
fear zavr afe Hfzw fez 7 a 1 fez z 1 yzazizzfe 
Z'H z Hfaz fea hzz 7 htz fea nzsz-auar zHza 1 
arz 7 e utcr fe zuza uzz^tz eftzt a 1 arz z 7 
zj z nfeta z^ - fez fea azz 7 ai uzz arfe a 
fzzat z zzzt a i H T fez z 7 zza fazt zfez ffeE 
zatzzzzz ai 

zzzt azfez few fez z arfearz fezz^ 
zfetw z tyfzw fea fea 7 fez 7 a fe zzztzz 
waz zz z zar-zfear 9 z az 1 

ay— i^vfte'z-u: azaa zz uuz 

d*W , yg T : zaz x zzawa azr z fz 
zww fez z 7 fea fez zfea a fzaa 7 feazEvaz 

o — 

zfea z 22.4 fe.zt. (14 fez) >hz fezya z z. 4 
fe.fe. (28 fez) fe zat z ?few a 1 fez zfea ffe 
fear zfz, ferfCfzat, arartrz 7 >hz craaw w 
Hi'd'zua zfew afew ai fea fear ^iraz zza a 
1 1 uafet z 0 a 7 fea zfe fear az fea fewz 7 fe^z 
z 7 zz a 9 fez z zazz 7 zfe zaz z zfe fefew ffe 

zatrf wfez aZI ZZW (Dasara) fefera ZZ Z 

uazzfet afe a z 7 §z zif fez fear az 7 zfz < 
fefez 7 fez 7 a 1 fea fe fera 7 fez 7 a far fez zza 
a^fya >hz zza 7 z aTferw z zazfew zt 1 zft 
fea ftfezurfet fe hh'Iuz a 1 

WZZt - 23,012 (1991) 

18°l / §-.feZ.; 76°5' U.ZZ. 

a.y.-f&u. nr. f&a. 24 : 52 ; fsvrz. 1 ^ 

feWffedHoT OT-fefgpiro- : za fezz 7 
yfetw fe zfet aaz nfe ffezzfetez 




451 



d7>cV KHd c\H~fe fdlM+TT 



dttcS'dHd 775--fefOTM+?7 fed 5+575" dt3+ 3+3+ 31 



5+3 5+3tM+ §3 Gweasar sselvfar 3+ M53 53 + 
3 I for H<it J rtH)«d l S QdritVHlttd 1 (irritability) 3+ 
77+ fd3+ 3+3+ 0 M3 fed fe§3 y+3tM+ 3+ fed feBH 

ffed oi ^'d'^d’cTof dyd)&)M+ Qastffe' 3 + an 



srask 1 ' o?7 M3 fe?j+ 3 1 fe+ ont Mfefef3M+ 3fe ?5Ef 
M+H dd ? dlcJcf'dl dtfl HI 



503 feH77-tjUdl fd5H+ S s^3 d, Hdl 50 
M+3tM+ fed d5 &f 3f 31 m+ §3t itjtv? S aifad 
d3?7 75dt fefel H77 03 077 fe?j+ S foffdOO 3+ 0]+dt 
fold 1 tH'3 01 Ofe 5Udl fd5H+ fed fed 53 5+5 
5#dt-Mor (frit >m, d?7 M+fe) 53+§3 o?7i 53 
urgent f^g- gy W3i' few 3 f05533 df 03 077 
frldd MddcS) M3 d 'Udl OdvlcSfe <Vtt Tot fd 1 hfl id 
03 077 ! 5T7 3 fed# fd3 S' §3377+ M53 5+§3t d, 
§h fre fed foffyoo fed §3 dKt+tet m+ 3+3t oi 
fey - dddfeftdwfeo § 3377 +^ 3 f§faM+ 3d ore 
fret fti § 3377 + o+of 53+ ret for door 3 + yre+ 
(Impulse) dt fed 5+ 3 3fft 5+ 3 5003 dt H'ddl S 
triridd' (Conductivity) fed 1- H'd' 3, fed rfl§t! 
5fetM+ 3+ 33+ 013 31 33 Kfffe 575+ fed fed 
03 dd 03+ 3 50 cS'dl-t-ftt 1 3+ fed 5+3 did: 3 1 Qd 
5333 fed fed 5j3fdfOM+ 75df 5H03+ ddt 3, 
feoddd (effector) 3+ 5077+ 3753 (MOT) 5(0 §3) 3 1 

dl^ dfdd IFcfl 

fjd3M+ y'<*1 — fed fed 33 U'dl 0771 cfet 
503M+ 5J <il M+ fed cVdol fed 5 r dl 3+ 03 03 077 
fere fnSfef (Cilia) 3 m+w S m+uk fe3 fewQe 
33 1 013-777# 3 773dtd 3fd3 fedT 5333 H33t»M 
(Motorium) fe3 fed fed 6 03 077 1 ftrStW 3tb3 

fedH'd dddd' fe^ 1 U t <? 7'>3 fed fdK HOT Ht)'i»o( 
Hdf7.SK 3t 33 ddH'^Vt^r 377 fe03 r OftPH 1- 33f 
UTJ3 re - 3 1 f33 fef3K33 fHHTH 53 T §3 077I 

553 - fof 53-K3 Lretw- fe3 33t 77^- 
fHH3H ?70t fHW3 T I fTStW f%3 iP3t 3 r ^ 7333 
3, §3 HOnr (pores) 3 K??3 3 53 93 7775 
33375 dd 1 3 1 fed ddc<d‘ 53T377Ht3 HT3 fec^ 1 S 
H333 fef333 df03 077, 3 §333 33 7737 g3t»F 
3771 



Hldddd — rirtl fed M3 dfel 03 fed fed 
5tt3333 irefer 3 #3I3-M3T H333 fefed7d' 3 33 
3 3K 333 377 1 fec^ 1 fe3 33T fec(fed ufeKF 3 3U 
fe3 tt fetd Od 03 077 fel7 3 H3 53t f!33t 3f5^t 
03 ¥3 H33 077 I HH33t M79K3 ?03T trel'Jf 3 

55333 + fre freuoo-fefreo muooh 33 o feo^ 1- 

fre Kret-HTO M3 U5t 3 533+ 31 5fe3t-377 
5+0375t 53+ 3d 5033+ 3 M3 f33533 533+ 01 

o — 

f33533 3 |Uf (033) fOK 3 fed 053+3 ?+03+ 



fSdf53T+ O fed?ri 53+75d (Conductor) 3+ 3H 333+ O I 
fe5 dOH 3 1 35t 5+5+^+ f<S3753tM+ 077 feddlM+ 
5‘ddrtl 53+ 3 03+ TT+dt-fre (plexus) fes+§3tM+ 
077 M3 fUftM+ 3feM+ fe3 5HtM+ 3fei3d fed H3H 
03tM+ 077 1 fed Trel-t-l'Ti §3377+ S f575'd f33+ 0 
M3 5HtM+ 3t fed fenfed ljt3%M T= 53+ 03t O fed 
d'dl 2d<tlM+ 0333+ 333tM+ 077 1 




d'HlsHfeol irfmr, 5533t M?ffe?7+ M3 375tfe5 
fed f35T533-d3d33-fetd33 fedOH t>T753+ O fed 
fed 133533 3 fe§§33 3 fedd+3 5033 tddd 3 
dfet-dTH" § §17 3tM+ 5+5+3+ M+ 3fetM+ 077 I ddt 
5+d+ 3 feo 53f+d+ feff5d 5077+ S f3 77^-35 fed 
50d+ l33tM+ 03; fe?j+ 3dfW f feSufed (Syn- 
apses) dfod 077 1 

§3 ifaot 153^ fed fed feddfed fed-5+df 
d+3d+ 3+ dH 303 077 M3 q077+ dd3 feS fdH+ fed 
Ot 3+ 5d3t 9, 3§ fd fed77-553t t{fetM+ 3 fed H+3 
HOfefed 50d5d3t 01 

§3 553 Ot^ 3f03 5+Sf - 3f§-fed 3 §3 
(fedf53) 5+3tM+ fed Mdd+ 3^f+ 3 ?7+dt feddH 
fd?53 077 1 H+3 §-5fet 5Hfe3 !{ r §tM+ fed fed 9+5 
77+dt-H75+, fcSQd r * (Neuron) 3+ 5t3M+ 03+ O I fed+ 
5+31M+ fed M+H 33 3 77+dt 537 OltlF fed fedd 3d 
03 077 M3 fet 1 } ' S d+dt-ddO M+53 077; A51M+ 
5+5+^+ 5375+ 3 35 fed fed dddt 3+dt-53 (Central 
nervous axis) fed fedStM+ OdtM+ OdtM+ 077 fere 
77+dt d30+ S M+U5 fed fH75+§3 0771 fed dfeot 
(peripheral) 5375+ fed df febfetM+ O d 70dtM+ 
(nerves) oTO+§3tM+ 077 ! ?7+dtM+ <35533 3 fefd33 
MOI+ S ^H3t 77+3t M5035 - 77+3 f575 T §3<M+ 077 ! 




375?T r 3Kor 3H-fsf3TM 7 ?7 



452 



fcfofo (Segmented) dl^ dfod U'elM 7 (3T#3, 
eft# nrfe) 3 H##a" 3 M3T# f3K fs3 fforaT fo 7 # 
fan f#3 7^f-KW # alw 3 7 fe33 fo 7 3 M3 
?r#t-a1w i ' M3 Hfo 31 m 7 531m 7 3 331m 7 33 1 " 
(Strands) H'd Hdld 3# UdtdtflM 7 377 I 

33 #3" f#3 fecT 33 T <V ril-J-frt 1 vftM 7 HdlM 7 
* 'ril-dfe' (ganglia) 3 1 " dtd 3 1 fed d"l3' ?7 T #t-3fH } H T 
733 33 3 #33t-?7#t fow aafefoM 7 3?7 1 fo 3 
fa# f#3 fenrar h 1#3 fo 7 3 i for tt 7 # 3W 3 M3f# 
fol f%33 ?TW, TT^-ljfHM 7 3 for H333 

3 # gf#»r fo 7 3 i icw ttwI 3 M3i# for 3?#tm 
fo 7 § rfo 7 irot-aftptr w for rfo# (strand) fo 7 
#1 a% #33 ufolM 7 f#3 wMraF ifw ?7wt 3 
06' dtfl 31 

3!#F — ©fW 3 H#3 3 33 fo f#3 for for 
drH (Vrfl-dl'd 1 3 7 Of 1 3 1 [tty 6'#l~dl'd l 3 M3 
ftTH'.dl 3 f?73?73 cVdlM 7 Hdld 3 33 fotTM 7 , UhIm 7 
M3 3H#f S tfolfo 377 1 foj 7 ufotM 7 #t 3H#t f#3 ? 
331 333 Hdld 3 Mdltt for fS3, HS3t-TT77 33 377 
fiH fS 1 3 a T 333 for, H'ddrtl H^ 1 33 U333 <J7> 3 
faHvaa 333 33 1 fey" 3 M33# for 3 §3 S3 tt 7 # 
3H 33 377 f33# foS" 3 3 73#tM i ' 333 M3 ?3#t 
333 t 33 3333 331 foj 7 ?3#t 333^ fWrJ fed 3H 
H7# fo §17 3 snrfeM 7 7737 frrSufor mwg^'foe' 
377 1 3H#t 3 33 sfot HS377 7 J’TW Mm 7 3333 33 
H33tM i ' 33 1 for Mfof 7 f%3 fH33 T TT 7 # H3fc3H 
3Vf 333 1 " 3, §7T ffo f3H333 fo HS3t 7331-373, 
73#)- 333 f33 333 (Connections) M3 333 (effec- 
tor) ?7 T 3t-H i f5' M 7 ^# 377 1 133333 3 133333 33 3t 
c'3#t-H7? t 3t R#t for Uf3333t MW (reflex arc) 
g s -r ff fo 3; for 3t H3 3 H3P33 f3RH f#3 3 
M3t>f3 M3 Tfot-333 f%3 §73 W fH3t#33 fo33 
M I ffo3l 

a^ta & tf3 







^t3# # forar M# MBIStM 7 3 T 3tM 7 3 1- IT# 3 1- 



3ltfo>F H33t M3 U33 3#t~tfo 3 
fe33 T 3 for 3t3t f3HK ^ 73#t 33 ?t fo^ 31 
for S f333?773ftM3 (intemuncial) 7331-33 3f33 
37T M3 for M33H33 (adjustor) 3 1 33 333 1- 31 
Mind 7)3l-H"» fHd.io ffol'-dl M3 ?) T #t-3 r 33' M3 
for 3 of'3d ' f%3 33 33 M3 3fo OT# 3 
for 3#t 333 3 §3 33 33 M3 ^ 0777?^ 3 1 - 
HxJ'd 333 tt'3 37T, ffostM 7 Qdi-IO 1 ^ ‘rt 333 3 
33 # 33-33^ 3tfo fsrfdM^r 3 MH3 tpffofo U?7 1 

^cJVF f%3 3t 33 33 33 M313 7j T #t-3 : 33 J 
7>'3l fHH3K 3 gil 33F 3 3333 333 377 1 3133 3 r 
f3HT3T 33 33" 3 3^(3 Qd ITS'-Ufo, dldlci ^ 
M 7 !-^ M 7 !/ 3 for 333 3 Mdl 33 1 " 3 M3 Mfi-ld 33t 
33 3H 3l St3 ddlo( O'rt 33 H33 7 3 U3 fed 333 3 
f 33'fo' 3f33 T # M3 H3l3 3 M3T3 33 33" §33 S" #3 
3fU3 377 M3 3>f1?> U33 (burrow) S" ffof^ RK 7 
ttdl'Q'3 1 31 

JTHtfdl 3#K 3331 — 33K <^ddl (Nereis) 3t 
3Vf#t" f#3 33 33 377 U3 ffol f%3 M3 7 , 

glrtd 1 M3 H33H3 7 3 3Ht 3# 33 377 fiHds* 
dH r fefeei 33 W 337 §333 33 377l3foT3 7 
f3KT3T 33 f33" WW 3" for 3t 3H?# M3 dH'fefef3 
Haforfo# Uf3 H#33 T M3H33 7 3t 3 M3 for tfW- 
Ufo 7 M3 Jy33 #33 W 3H H3 33 fo? 7 3 U3 faM^ 
.d ddltt 1 3 tH't! 1 3 1 

offc (H 7 oft#) — 533 VfoM 7 M3 odfejM 7 31 m 7 

33l fefotf 7 ? 7 uffoffor (Instinctive) dt/lM 7 377 fed 

qfot 33" fof 7731 H33 H3T §H TT 7 ^ fHR3H 3 f?>333 

333 377 fenrar 7 333 ufot f33 ufetf 1 3 3t afeM 7 

dfeM 7 U3 7 #1 ulwfw fofoF^i" S' ftw 3f 

HHl 3331 § 33<3' fofol WlM 3 U3 foj 3fe'3"d3t 

(Reflex) Mforfo' TTfo 533 ffoCF 7 #¥333 fotM 7 

33 I f3 7 333 ^ Hl33 31M 7 WlM 7 

tuajft ^ fHTW Mffo 7 U3 7 3 f3 §3 

foy - SfS3T 3 Mflfo S3 y^'OvlM 7 

377 M3 33 3H #1 UfS3f33 3#3 TTT* 

3331m 7 dfdtdlM 7 377 1 9 d-flUd 

UfolM 7 fS3 St 33 U fed fed 
•> — 

fofotTS 7 31 m 7 §3 t 333 7 fofoM 7 33 
fFTS 1 tXiU'dlM 7 fS3 77S-3K RfeM 7 3 1 " 
33-3M3 7 M 7 ^ I 

atfTFdt tjfol - dl^fl 1 # U 7 - 
31m 7 3 33# 77 T #1-foT3K fS3 
HdfdM 7 (S'W flif# HtfHTT 7 tT 7 dl^~ 
ofoS' (Spinal cord) M3 fo f#3 #53 
f3H T 3rM T f3 7 #l 

OTH77 7 - HtJMTT 7 W 33 3 f#3 
fl'fe^d dl M3T 3 U3 feH §3 foCdl 3 



453 



Utt<V dHy UF-fgfdTM^ 



ysfe udcss 7 w u^Mm 7 uu i feu - hhh?^- 
TTufM 7 ftstcstM 7 feist §■ fsHrur gu 
usst u 1 foyu Oust dl^u'diM 7 s Hyw u^usIm^ 
fgs yfeu stM 7 udy fafeM'S 1 ’ fir fsFUT S 7 yang 
huu fsM 7 ? 7 uyrd i for u feft'v wte yfedyF u 

if USt fey HgfefgU (Voluntary) UdU-UUUt gt ust 

d fau stM 7 fusTT 7 ^ ufusdut ugu 7 st w, Tsut 

feHdH S' HU U W U MTToTUU (Integration) S 7 
fed 7 U77l 

fSVFdl S Hgeft MU UU Cjdy feHdH 7 St HUjyf 
onUiUUHoT HUUU 7 gy-gU SfUtM 7 fgS ife-SU USf 

d i oret sfef dt^tpslM 7 (fsg HgtM 7 ) fgs nwt muf 
MU TTUt-ySd 7 S 1- fey fgHF feHdH US 7 d ftlH f 
SddU ufetu feHdH yfdS U77; fed feHdH HHUt 
IFcfefe fgS UUt US 7 ! fSHTdl S TTUt-ySd 7 S 7 

Myu urfetM- s gy-#y aiufe fgs fe?fe ysd 7 st 
HUUU 7 S MTTHFd US 7 dl tSHJdU s fed u fug 
ugfM 7 st sys-eyut us ust u, §f+ s feud-ysd 

gsf US U77 MU fe7 fgS UddU Rfet?7 USd 77dt US I 

bjCjdl' S M'U’d 6fe dl^U'dl U'yflM 7 S fSHTdl 
S HUU y'dH'UHy fdFT MU f?fe 77^7 H3UU gfetdd 
HUB* Hd UU 7 JSdpfeyr felM 7 d I 

fSHTdl - FU UfetM 7 fgS fSHTdl TTUt-feHdH 

s 7 feu huu ut Hddl fun 7 u i feo Hdld s MdiA fen 
fgs mu Hdtd s w fetst-Mdi 7 ttut ufeM 7 us 1- u i 

fsvrar s tfer fufe us U77 fs?f s yroru, nsud 
yrfs fgs dl^U'dl'bf s gy-gy difu 7 fgs gudg 

fi-fUS U77 1 feu US f<JH-MU 377 (telencephalon), 
fedWltS HU (diencephalon), feu 577 (mesencephalon), 
HdfeUH (metencephalon) MU HUTS MfeW’dld' (my- 
elencephalon) U77 MU fef 7 St 5SUU MU UH VU- 
^yu us U77 1 mu 5?7 s 7 yy fcfe 7 mu feuutu 5?7, 
feu 577 MU HfU 7 Mfeuw 7 UU S UU, fey’U UU U 
577 HUH (Brain stem) old'O'd U77 Fo(0Tu fed UU MHT 
S 7 M'OM dcS 1 

fSHUT MU HUHTT 7 iSU SUlfeU (paired) 77U1M 7 
SUfaf 7 UStM 7 U77I HUH77 7 A'rilM 7 (spinal nerves) 
fUS HUSt MU UdS SU dF US U77 MU fed H'd 
dl^U'dl UfetM 7 fW fey Uf 7 stM 7 UStM 7 U77 U 7 # 1 
fef 7 st femut ^y ?y ust u I fsH ( .di <s ] b suIm 7 
cS'rilM 7 HUSt MU UdU dfeM 7 S ofel" Uf S HdlciT) 1 
(Combinations) TT 7 ?? UStM 7 UStM 7 U77I ofet fed.d 
H%St MU ofet Udy cfr USlM 7 U77 1 

f?7HU _ UUdl dl^U'dl U'<±1 — HU U f?7H77-UUd1 
foiHH 7 f gsty, FFoft HU dl^U'dlM 7 lUS MU 377 S 
fM feF §U HSU S 7 CfefMF (Superposed) UST U MU 
HUU 7 MfeuW 7 S MdTU fUF S ^Ud fey HdllSH 
us 7 ui iju!mh u Hdtsu yfeuyn gy ufeM 7 us 7 ui 



HglM 7 MU f77H?7-UUd1 HdsJltt 1 U guy, UU ?Sy 
Ud fs-tftrdl' sly*- fgs feF S 7 M’dPd MU HUUU 7 
gus S 7 ^ U77 1 H7vU fes feF S 7 MfyU fecT 7 #T Sfe 7 
u fy feu wf s fufeM 7 § sy us 7 ui yfetyF 
feddU77FtMU (Intemuncial) TTUt-FU 7 S 7 UfeM 7 
US 7 U MU fey dJSWS'd MUddF HS^'S 7 UI fed 
TTUt-feHdH St HU S 1 ^S UUU St 35 Ud d I 377- 

Hdfe fgs ^susu ufugdut ysu mu §77 s suy 
dHSU-duu us U77 1 fei^ 7 fw yst ysdi- s 7 HUdy 
Hdfeu oPdtyF MU UUU USd TTHd US 7 d I 

3<tU'dl t{fet (HUU HHU) - fe^ 7 S 7 odddyF 
Hgst, Udy MU HfegST (Association) IdfeM 7 fgS 
gfUM 7 US 7 dl H#St fdH, fedgt?7 HU S fey U^, 
5HHF (thalamus) U fSFdt MU H577 StM 7 UH'fdU 
(relayed) l[d?PW dfejF ydS 7 dl HUdy (MFFfeF77) 
fdF f?7H77-UUd1 U^U’dlM 7 fed gd US UU Ud HTvU 
fgs fe^ 7 U yfetyF S 7 3UU 7 fefe 7 TffeM 7 US 7 dl 
feTf fefeM 7 fes, fs ysu 7 dfet usfyf udTT’g 7 u 1 

MU5T7577 S Ud dl? 76s l d 77H77 HUS U77 1 

HdfeH (cerebrum) S 7 HU 7 U77 (frontal lobe) 

fenu-utfet HuufefM 7 fgs huu id 7 us 7 u Ud fed 
fs-lfcldt fyHF gu gu 7 US 7 Sfe 7 t MU ffe-yqdt 
3U fgs fed fSFUT S 7 3UU 7 fefa 7 U^ fQ'S 1 d MU fed 
hu u uidRsu gyfydu Os 7 us U77I H^y fgs feu 
yur ud u uuy us 7 ui fen fgs yfedys fhu us 7 u 





454 



'33' 5 ‘S' 

feuy OTUt fy>F3T et»T H? 3 §3 tfau ytM* 
fefUMfe’ fey fufe U T fy T S’! SdlOT cffuScTH" y UU 
33 foOT 3 ffe-Ouut OTWtw OT, W M3 
3JOT3 1 ' fey TOT UTTi feS 3^ ?OT t- 

ta OT 3 dfey fewer djOTey uro feyr 5-1 few 
uuyy ^otIW uOTfe ? 3 OT n’t fewer 

rt'eioPdl feelM* - U?> M3 feH'dl d6$ cV ril-o<ed' 
ytW farfUMfe" §3 feWTO Ufet STO ytyr*)r| 

hot m# Su u<su r dl ufetMr fey feHyr us# 

S’, W feU - Mfe HU3?UU?r feWTT-feTOtMr etW 

uasfe w Mcras w yufe - yrofew y fror uro 
Si fey §cffey?7 Sot ffent y MOTfe - $ any aru 
#ytw fe $ '^€Tft feytMr ot; @yud£ y 

33 3 feoT HX 1 1-0 3U ddlfclMr yfe % 3 ?> h#u feo( 
HTC BfeW (Reflex act) §H yt M*yy 3 yyr #3 S 

fet fa 3 ut MytHfew Sro ’TfpRTp- yut aru totto i ot 
difd fe 3 fo( fd^x 1 •== : fyyr far Hd><i 1 , yd> yy yr fey yy 
otto yt uroy M3 fey ferutMr afet Su yyfertfeyy 
Mm y mutt atfeyr fey yy y?r i try-yu ?ot an 
ctja < s i r« r H + to tfe 1 " mutt dirt 1 fewro o'Wl yy y 
yfe yy-yy yfeyr y feu i 

yfet-feroH fey saw (trends) - mtotSot 
M 3 fefeMwtOT eutfarw yyf aret-tHrow y 
OTyyHor yfftPHTr ot? 7 yy yy fey sanM HUHd yy 

yy : fyryy M3 frof ?0yfe yytyy Msfe 

y few yt yfet yt yy fey yy : ud* 1 ^ 1 y 
maota, fey a ray ote t ffew fewro MTOrofear 
yyt S to fOTOT yt MHdJte S’ yfet S’, mot? y 
yyfe fey yyyfet, fyvryr ?ot hot HS3?yy3 
few?r feyyfer y ota sray fey y fy^py yfet 
yy fyvrar y mfe - wtto H^feyy yfet 
uay-yyy yy y§y i 

>feyt fevrar yy 3 1 yyty Hyfeyy S’ i fey fey 
sfet y^ yfrr (ufe M3 ^ir) yrywyy feffejpy’ 
fewefer y?7 1 ufe ’dtvwyy yt §yy?<5' ^Pt wft fey 
yyy yfe^yxt wysr »’ iw y fey fe Srfet fey 
wytuafety Hdiri'* r> H3Hy 3 diy^ti'd fetfeyfe - 
fey fy »p*-o!ot »r yy yy feyy fe^yy y »roy 
u#y y7r i iyf >HOTy fey y feyy hot y wjy 
^yyp^-Hvr y >H3 ot yfep- yy M'tyfep- 
33 nyf >fev yhr c ?yfet yy’ yt wm offety 
yyfer 33 feyyfer wsr-afty fefe fey 
nyfefef ifety y?r i nfejt fey3T fey Sy-feyw 
^ny ormy cry yt Hofet yyt S' fey sray fey hf 3 
^y yfet S', >nfey fey y Mot yyyyy »fefeyy 
yyy yt SjOTy y fey S ' 1 



dtt't! 1 * : fey yy yt fecr aty S’ fyy fey 
yytf y feor ot# fey yy otot yy 3 feyfyy 
yy S’ M 3 fy ot# fey >ot, yy wfe yy 

yOT tot uyyy irtyfl 1 - yy S’ fey y ^33 
yfet y My fyy S#i tow fey 3^ y 

yy TO 7 T yy feury yy S' yy yy 1 fyy afetfe" y 
feStr Sy y wgy ^t >?iyyray toSt yyw pw 
5 ryy yy 1 ^Hrictw ?t ffexfet M 3 yyHor yyy fey 
pro ytH 1- yy y 1 

y.y.-K. f . 

3^ : uyy (ro) yy y yaSyt fe^ - Mfenro 
fe" yfeyty 3333*33 # Ery yyjfet fey fey ftfe S' 
feuy ayyyyy yfuy 3 13 fe. yt. yyyfey S'lfey 
fefe fey whct to 33 yyy nyp- S’ 1 fefe fey nt 
to Mdird yy yt y fey djdd , H r y HHfey S 1 

fey ^’d Mfeut M 3 ffeft fe yfet TO 3cT TOtF 

y Syt 1 Kor fe^y S’ y yy 73 $ 33 ot afe, y yf 3 
yfejyafeyuyFftii^y3irOTTOy5MSyfet 
offet 1 §ny tot fey fe yy tot yt yj May yy yt 
tfro yfro fey yy §y tot ?yy ?fet Sroft 1 y 

§y fey ot yy 3 t TOtr Sroft 1 fey Sfe yy y to 
yt y y tfet 1 fey ot ot y yj yt yy y fe^y rft 
yro H'foy 3 yy sr 33 fey m t feyyvry Sy 1 fey 
ftfe 3 sufet fey y ysr to yt 3 wjy ?ot y afe i 
d|d yt H^t to Qy ay, fey 3 otot to^w ftfe yy 
did 1 3 y 3 lc( tfyy yfuy y ray y nut fepyy u 
few 3 3 to y fu yfey 3 iW Hurt 1 fey t 

§3 §77 yt Syyt 3 yy ufu yfey uuy w 1 

wfery ftfe fey fear hot- feuy yro, hot 
TO wruy S’! 

TOFyf-2,332 (1981) 

U.u.-H. S'. : 599; fsIHfeSd fe HS-»?fM3W- 

feyfesz 

33" H'foy : uyy yy (W3) y nauyt fe^ 
Mfeyyy fey uy OTyy^fesr fuy fey fetr y urfe 
u^yyu ijt ujf toot yt ?ot hhot fear 
fefeuwr uiuy>w S’ feuy 1 - OTs^fey M3 
MfvraHu y feu <5r r u uyt yuft 3 fear uuwfeT y afety 
tfey ot S’ to Mfeynu y toot 3 tottot fOT far . 
nt. yt fut 3 S’! Hfedra yt ary ary fey 33 y fear 
toot Sw w 3 Sot uy oti feu 33 tot ^t fy 
ygy ui 

U.y— K.S. : 449 

fTft, S HtMc 1 ) : wnt y fey ftit wnfear, 
fefeTMfet M 3 Ulfeyty 1- TOOTH 18 UUTOt, 1201 3 
did 1 * y UUTOT fewer fey yy feu Sfewi 



U.U.->fe.fw. 16 : 290 




455 



SSSTOHS 



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hbists s TOftt - s saroatw^ fws as ^ tfw 

Fas 3 MSHS S' few fes FS TO fed 1 fcHM 7 ! FS 
1256 fes for tow to shr n>ww trr sw fro 
feTMT MS' 1258 fet. fen FS TOFf S H3T5W fit 
n>W FtS 7 fs 37# fF W 3RJ3 FTHW 7ft I MOfet 
ffe TO3HF USFt FWS feH 3 H'd'dTU feF HSa 
MoJirld-iddl I 

feof tos ^oH faiMWFW HTOatMS ns s ss 

§Ft S M3Ft MS TOFFt fes FBt yHSoF fegtM^I 
gcrfes, SWHt, MOfe'dldF, Oif 5 h1mF, MTOStMF 
MS OS StM 7 URSF 7 S TO llftw M3Ft MSFW 7 S 
fes s an frosa nsrfeMr i 

fen S 3TfS3 MS FfSF TO3 Ft USSF 7 foOtM 7 1 
MOJSt UH3F ‘feW-F-feSTOSt’ fell feF S FlfeM 7 

stM 7 ainlfFOtM 7 st snt wast Os Ftsti cfet an 7 
HSATOT 3 feWF 1 ‘MTOW SFtat’ feF st FS 3 1 
Fatw 7 ufsf nst frst si fen fens feFFfeM 7 st 
1 lFt HSt St UFSF ‘sfetffe MS-MTOTOF’ 3 MOF33 

nifeFSF^OFfsroa^tfaO'i 

fensfe}- fafOMW 7 stM 7 Fst fs fh sorro tos 
fen s tos Fa r«ftfM T n i fen s moisT ^roscr §■ 
tofsw msw fens nns mffss tot sw Of cfts r 
ni 

26 FS, 1274 St. £ feSW ffen HSISS f%F feF 

st ns n nfet i 

o-.y.->5te-.fe>r. io : 205 

H^TitTHTT : fen froa a 18 t sf s fen 

ss 

TOSH'd Ft - fFFS 1361 3 1352 St. U. SF SW FtS 7 
Ft I feF S fOS 7 S 7 S 7 M T H7iTOU dirt 1 (Amenhotop 
III) MS feF S 7 MFWf S' SSfeloPSS (Tutankhaten) 

i# 1 fen 1922 at. ffes ant-FasHS sir fas m mois 

HFTO spas Ft TOW HFTO n I MWSSS (Akhenaton) 
ferns M T KW feSFWW ST MSI¥fet oftst Ft, St H3 
flI33 feF3 HFtSFWt FfTOoTTO S fefiS SW-FW 

saw arofest toh ms tot st fbT s' usn-FgrfOs 

TOfeSTI 

feF St HHt S sPFTOl HMrfeS S UST S 

fer fen Frfes ytiwo HFdloCd 1 (Smenkhare) tF TO 7 
ife fe fensr ssarot ya^-us Mfwnt ifei fen 
n'SF'd mwsss wnw few ?ro HHararor s Ffe- 

FFW ^F aw StST W FMfel' >fe I IW-F-MTHTaTF 

lptjf Ms«st iFfFMT s fes dfeiHaa ms awsT 
Hnws s usr sarsT n fer srww ssfeiapFS, 

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afeia Ht MS nSHTO (Horemheb) F nF*" S' F3SFT Ft, 
§ MWST ^ FSTTOra HST feMT I 

fo7 HWTOfTdT st FanaFst Mnts at feFS 
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fSMT MS MOIS fOsr F FtFF # FfTO St TOMS 
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SSStPHS an feMT MS HSar, HSStMT, MFS ms 
yars SFfSMT # f%FF MfFoTOT $ HS TOW TOS 
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nstMT aWStMT S HFtopa odd 1 I MHS (Amon) 

ursatys Htdt fe?p- nasslw s hwff #, 

MWSSS S SFS, MSS (Aton) fe ?F 3+ ata-oPSSl 
TOW fed' felMT MS ?F at Qh O' d FSH SOJ did 1 
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faffw s ?F MF SF MSS S ?F fefg- nt opfeH 33 1 

fens aw fw s fe# 1 fw saw safes nanaF st 
MTOFfet ns fHFatMT S ^sat FtatMT fes ITS fHFa 
s feF yaw fesa sf, feswt f fastwr s 
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TOSHOJ SMW MOIS F'dltaS’d' st FTOfesr HFt 
SFtMT SHF* - S FSt Stfe SW FS TO fSTO TO 



456 



ffetoPfBH 

y-lid'Aoi et rtdlsTdl 18 H'H et fee fed fen et Ha ?f 

diet I ftfe for? 1 ' feet et fee 7 PdO'd 1 ?r dfem cPee, 
wet ear diet fa fte 7 »tfe fnfe ferret fern? 7 ?fh 
fewe o)d^ ' feWI 

fee et Ha 3" ee err 7 fui 1 nefew fe ferre 
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wue net w et f few rft) yfee erne tferr offer 
yife ferr er m| fee A'oiea ee fe" ewe fp fe p 

few fdTWI d. 6 rt' 0 <i-ddd fed fo(H sTt feyio(fel 

ewe 7 eerw tf ee 5 pea, fee Horae 7 eet-eTeria 
feur yife fee efeut 1922 et. fee fee wide feee- 
yerarit, jvde wee ewe 7 fetat diet yefet ero 
dt U 3 r fed ! 7 I Hd 7 fe" d'H fee %fe WH'dcV ydH'd- 
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met eetw fee fee fere 7 few »ia §17 et rrawe 
ffefew fetat diet w ferre ewe et rrfeat et fa 
diet 1 fee etw w a M'eei'e 7 fa fee fe et fee 
rrraa 7 ddew, efeeee a Here eefa ee few rft, fe 
wue 7 aw ae fewi 

feed fe 2oe efet mAtPA fee eeeta efe 
(Ramses vi) fe nane a aaTWHa fe Horae a fue 
fee rft, fe ee affew few a 7 wet fe f^gr 

fee ow fe net fe feama mew fe Horae fe 
fynun et efe fewi 2ofe efet maea fe wffe feor 
fee Herae r aet fern Qe 1- fe eeer fewi rneefet 
eaefew et met rrsrcft eet msfei ye fe et feee 
nane et rrfefet me ua 7 Bee wf fee err fee fee fe 
geftwe et M eftw 1 

fee Horae fe yfee ere e 7 erpfew Tee - yefyyia 
dftw frieea eete fee ee fe ey fan arae 7 ffee 
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efew efew rft yia meefe ee 7 araa 7 fa Herat fe 
ew fa w eft^pm efew rft 1 ea fe fra fa efe 
er wed eye 7 rft wf fa et net yra Huee 7 
(Wrappings) Qfe met Jld y^'od'd yra yfely ue ee 
ere 1 eraer yrfe yeer fe eraer ewe - w-yHaoi' 
eed fee efe-e^t Herat e me wrat urae ee e?r 
yrfe fej^r feet wre ffee fe . 6 <v Q d erae fe efew ee 7 
rft 1 ee eee sefetee, eefetw, ^yfe, ee, efewe yrfe 
ee ^rrew tph - ?e 3 e ee w 1 ferre rrsrae fe few 1 ^ 1 ' 
fee et ee feet fet Hefe^yee uoifet ?fet ei ferre 
Hsrae e rrae ffee et 1923-33 ffee e^ee sneee 
ewer fetfj- |k we pw 7 ^’ yeem yrfe 1963 
et. ffee cifdHdlecS teefete-feHH' feee ewer feet 
‘feTTmeTr’ yeeor yorfee eet 1 fee e feH 1 ^ 1 ' 1977 
et. ffee wet.et. wr. weeee ewe 7 leemee' 
: et |K >ee feee ecwde (The Tomb And Its Trea- 
sures) ?>r et yrresr uorfere fetfet diet 1 

e.y.-yte\ fee 7 . 12 : 17; yie. >nvr .27 : 290 



: fee eyet mee e mfeHTef 
eer e feenepie (Chidambamar) fefe e 7 yeerr efee 
e e ffepneet rrfee e yee H'cs'd met fe efee 
e yre de yre eee efet Gh rrfee o 1 h h few efeyf 7 
e 1 ne ffee fee rrfetw ee?r ?w fee se 7 fee 7 fefe 
ee 7 rft ue i 6 fet riet ffee fee yeeetetw et fee 
yeerw erfet e ee ffee ffeoiee e few 1 fee e ewe 
fey fey rrfew ffee fee ffe" ^«Gdl w yie 
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e 7 erfet ffeore efew ue ewe ffee Heera efee e 
ffeme ee im «■ fee efee e 7 nee? eee ufefewi 
ee i 960 3 1 fee rrfee ffemr fuw ?7 fee 7 ferw 
fee ?eH fee et Hdeei'd §- fw ofte 7 few yie fet 
Hr? 5 yr?f Heme did i fee e (S'H et efet eee etw 
eene 7 fet eeftyr sftetw efetyf 7 yie- feefeim 
ffeope fet rnfet efew 1 em fee ere et pft feet 
HeedFe ei me 1970 ffee eer e ffeerft we e 7 
rtdis/di 12% fee eeedFe ewe 7 efew rft 1 h* 1974 
ffee yerm eefepfee m eym-yee fen 8 ffe.rft. et 
eet ^ fee fet ?)fef HeeeFe emfet diet e fee J eree 
fet eefet fefet Heeepe efew me 7 ei ee 1866 m 
fee fefmrHfet ei efee ffee Hfd'fe-epHeeT 
g?ffeefeet ere rraue ee cphft erei 

Wmfet-1,99,854 (1991) 

8 ° 50 ' §■. ffee.; 78 ° 09 ' u. we. 

e.y.-yfe.fe. h 7 . 9 : 206; feu. ht. fee. 24 : 64 

f^t : wee 7 yee eer (sodd) e yeet eter^et 
ftp e 7 rrfee ei fee yeet feet enfe Hfete fe^fe 
(ufen 7 neera) efee fe 1 680 ffe.rft. fee fen mffew 
ei fee wh ewH e few 7 # fet wfeat net fei 
wreH fee rrfee e wrrme e yee ffee fed 'fet 

o 

CjHcS 1 ^' eee wefet enn 7 , ffen yrfe ame et 
uerw eet ei 

ypmet - 43,904 (1991) 

17 ° 22 ' f-. fee.; 82 ° 32 / y. fee. 

e.y.-feU. 3 Tfe. 24 : 62 

fey ; met?) meat err 7 fee rrHH fee eefta 
rre §■ uera e fee fern e 7 iyee orfee e?r i eerenee 
fee fee fe fecSHA 1 ’ fere 7 ifee 7 e i 

we fee fe fm yfe et feorat e 7 efew ee 7 e 
yrfe fee et feefet faww feiH 7 fe fe fe fef 7 fern 7 
ae eet ei fee e 7 fee fee fuefew efew fe ye 
yp ee 7 e i fee e ye e 7 Wcpe ea yics - Gein 7 eiHrat 
fee ee 7 e yrfe ye fa eefe et ifn e^t eet e i e^t 
eet yfe e feespe Hereer wf rffee eee et fee ue 
fe ee ye eeft me fefet met e i fee fee e eee 




457 



§fe?r, rewfere 



f fa re arre ffff feret a # rere frit £ rereret re afe 
fere ate rea re iia tea 1 - refer a 1 

fa f ^reffer tre aa ira refere fere ira re 3re 
fatff rea reft reft a 3 are are ft ufaft Q'diwl renre 

feR 33 3 33 HW at freft t fet 3 ft 3R PPPr 

ftrfrew re fe> odd 1 t-t : rd 1 a, fere 3<jr fere fere 1 
‘aiare’ ft >H 7 re 7 re iirer aft ar i sfre aft^ re fffcf 
fere fear are aa re?? 1 frejrtr rera ucnre arer ai 

O.U -Rtf 1 ? 3 S5r-H 1 H->HfRS‘ 7^fV 

ffet (fe ) 1 3ft ^rff Uretc7 ot 1 f6 tf 
are ai irretre care 3 re re are 3 or fejR^nrea 1- 
rtt fare an anr-fre for re rere ‘§re ret’ re 1- reir 
reare are ^narere fare hit irirft re 1- h 'OcS refrerr fare 
a - 1 Kfre rest re <|ft (fererefe) re rerre at arere reare are 
ferea aairere S’ refrere i 

•\ Vi 

irffre cpre fere R'aaat Raftre re- ^Kfemre reare 
reft 3ft re r urear are 1- ft i fere^re rere fare re >anjre 
Ha re fere 7- re ^ R T aa^R^R?ttR r, aaaiH re 1 " »ffre>PH 
reare aren 

aret aret fere arer re reafeft retft 3 fea rear aftre 
fea # are rear i fere re rrre^ fere rere >arew 
rereftret offret arft i aarreat arfere fere fere re ypepa 
>R3 rere §■ rer re rereya ret Rare freret arft ^tt irre 
fare re wapa re sre oicM 3ft are 1- freft aret frearet 
far urea re rear affre re arfre reft mr urear affret 
reret a i 

urea fere fat taire, fkare, reairet >*3 aa 
urrat rere aftre pare - rerefet refet a i 

fret fear H'U'di re 7- aarr an »ph 3a 3 
reg re rearret §• rerere 1- reare fear are rere frerr reap 
a i fea re fere fear re re - re rere aa 3ar ferret re 1 " rere 
arre rearer re rear fere rere a i fere re ft ret rerefet 
54 Httffea aSaet rerefet 9 attffea aret an fere 
are- re fa far fere ureret are re^fet reret a - >R3 rere re 
freare ira fere rereret ret |fe- rearfet reret a fere fere 
3re ire re ft re ferew ufe rere re naret re re fej feat 
RfetaireRrereareffefwRfereftreretre T aarre r 
afiw rere 1- a frer ^3 are fearret ai aat re rerea are 
S' retr re »TOret fee 1- yrrerere fere few refer an 

fereretj fere re rerefere sfet are are ret irfaret 
ffere fere fere^ ift ferea'R ir re rerefere are >R3 
freare irfe are are refer Q'difV rereaa re rea 7- re na 
rere refe arei ufefre feR re refet rerea at 
rerrfere re - farerer fei fere # reft rear fenre fere 
§arre ?rere at rerefere are M3 fereare ret ?are ?fet 
rearei 



ferererj utpr re rear aftre 1 ' fere re wa33 r fere 
rerer ret a Qo R r fere frere aa rtt ret cSol i 

a.u.-ifafR re aa are a. 21 

3U 1 ", STfvft : fearet re fere fereaapa ^ rerere 
1430 ft. re reaiaaT tfea 1- feaaffejri fea ls^tRret 
re af 1 a 1 Hofre re 1- afet >H3" infer fe^rreret fti Rre 
1451 re fere rererefere 3 1 rere fea ferere ufa^a aaft 
fn arare 1- ft, fere re frerearea are re 1- U3 r r^aTre 1- ar i 
r?t 1458 fere ferere reat fereaapa fegrere aftre 1 " 
fepirnr# 1495 ft. fere >anift H3 are fea ff§re ret 
Haureret are fare 1 "! farafrerr 'rrre aa arere*’ reft 
affrefer arffef fere refer Haramtrr frea aift»r are 
aa fed'd 1 re faiare fere frerefarr areare (Annun- 
ciation) rfe ?t refrerr afew ai fea reat ^rea 
Harreafre (Squarcione) ret arB T -uaira T re ferea at 
faa r yft fere arre T -uaua r re fefrea at fea re rraret 
fret re $7T3 aft3 r i fea ret»f arft f^ra 7 ' # rerere, 
ufeR M3 an fere Rarre re afep>r afe»r a i 

are 1495 fere taa r fea fearet are a aift i 

a.U.-^a.^re. 13:828; cTS. Pte - . 18:565; nfe. ft. m. 
10 : 188 

3d]* 1 , H^TcffecS : aure re fea HdildcPd re 7- 
area 9 reaaa, 1882 ft. f Ma fea aferr i fea re 
20 ft aft re aitret aafta f fferre srare fere area 
Hd'fed 1 offfti aftre >W3 ifeiaa fea faffeir irua 
srare 3 1 r 7 ^ 1905 ft. fere fea Offer rere 7- fewi 
far fea re ttfeare Haai^Horl re fwre faft 1 




■fen'orfdA refere 7- 




458 



an, aiHH 1 ^ waan 



fcpar yrwyfwa w Offer f^ for j wife 
HaTfefeaHifeagfejHyHa au fea ffeaw jafe 
fafefaa aftH 1 " ifeH^e HHTta-fea HW (Margot) 
(1914), HWtWfef faW? (Jardinde Oriente) (1923) 

fe fm i fen 3 1 fyft 1 ^ 1 for w UHaior-fefe nafta yfe 
ana nafta fe afawi fen w wh^w wt faww 
<wl fe HdOd fawa oil d 1 1 fed yisJ fdsi a £> hw feyfe 
wat yan fe wwaw at i fan w nafta w wtf ffen?- 
fer fe fwfyw i 

14 awfat, 1949 at. §• nafaw fey fea fetfa 
a aiat i 

13 : 835; >>te\>flH. 27 : 246; ^.fW. 

10 : 193 

3a, dmd 1 ^ >H€''fljo : anar a fea hwh- 

uat fefawwt w wreft a uaaw aatrt 8a feat i 

•% 

fea fe aaa 23 nat, 1817 w ufaa fea afewi nw 
1838 fea fea w oe£<*> at fearat aaTW feati nw 
1840 fea fea o(Hd(Sd<5l'H T fawi aafe a yaw 
fusr feaa 1- nw ffehf feftnww aw a fawi 

fea <5 yfwaft a H'fea irara feanw a 1 & fviwa" 
8a crawt na feat 1 fea ayaat wsart a fefearr wr 
fefta fea ftswanut ww aar few 1 feaa ant yfeaft 
a aalwaff ^fw (auawaafe^) a awaV (aifor-wH 1 - 
naan) aaat 8a fefe 1 fea 1844 fea afeas »ra ia 
w pt HHaat wfet fafaa fea wa fwart nfe 
(iwavfeafea) at aa afe feacpat fafe 1 aa w 1858 
fea fea facr crta 1 - fe fefsm a >nfe aww fnwtw 
feaa Hufefeafea ua aw fafe fea ga wt-hw fe 
feaa (5'rt jsht aa awi ferna wsaft fea fwHaw 
afeft 8a feati fenw feor afefecrw aiww fe 
nfeuafea 1 -! 

nw 1857 fe ufafe aa wufe aaa Hfe nafe a 
wfefac? oma a wsaft a yffewr craw a at 
fyd'Qfe fei nw 1867 fea fenw jaw wsart a 
afe7i-aaa ferat fe 9a fefei fea few aw 
afepfe “Etudes Phycologiques” M3" “Notes algolo- 
giques” aa a fer at aa §aaa prfea afe>fe 1 20 
>fet, 1875 5 - afefe fea fen fe ita a aife 1 

H.U -Jotefe. 22 : 170; >Da. W. 9 : 986 

3ffeK, : for 8fwa n8at ofet w 

aaa 13 naaa, 1894 fe. a fea wa (Lodz) 
fea fewr i fea Q^a a 2 ofe nat a cfefer a fea 
hw a r nfe fe i fea hw a fep a Hfeaa aafe- a fe 
a Skamander fea 1- P't" fel fea 3HW HHa Hfefe 
fe>fe waravfefe >na s rfea 1 " fe afe awt $ feaa 
ctdrt fe fee 1 spaa aa fea > H T fe ? >r r i 



fea a wafet feafet a 1- aaar Hfe tfea fea 
fferfenri aa fen^ fer fer^a fea tw^aa a ;? 
pfew >na H'ydtd aa fea fea 1- life 1915 fea fea 
a sTrifew Hattfer fefafew a wj? afea ga 
odd 1 fea a. fea naa aaaar feanai sfe at fea 
2 ofe nfe a >hw fea feafe a nfejacr 8 aa fea oa 
>Hfe 5 a nfaHra fefafean a a few i fedfe'di 
ara’ (isi 8 ), 'fe afenai wardfe ( 1920 ) >na 

fedsfH HHsJ fea HWa’ (Words Bathed in Blood) feH 
few aa fen^ ga a afefe uopfea aa afelw 
yH 3 fe aa 1 wife! iwaaat aaar fen a a-hwat 
afeaw fe ?aa sjaa fear wat »fe afew-aaya 
na-afeat Hatft ojfed 1 ‘ufea gja^aa' ( 1949 ) 
feat 1 fen a feww fea a 8 faw J 5 fe afta fe fw 8 1 

27 aw, 1953 fe. §■ a^ira fey- fen fe na 
aaifei 

a.u.->»la.fg;>r. 10 : 207 

3TP^t : fen ufe §■ £ aafe’ fe wya aa 1 fea- 
wfefe gw fe fesr ijfefe ufe a feafe awafe, rra 
a af 9a ya^ fe nnafe afe few awafe yrfe fa 
fafe feyfet fafe ai fen fe ip^t fefaiwOT fe 
cTJ^fetfatwr afetfgfe (Chlidonias hybrida) a I fea 
oraaa a wfea fe fecr Hfe sh1« t yfe a, organ 
<5'rt fea ga yaw 1 " afe a 1 fen fe aar wife ffeF 
Hta, aar aaa §few, Ofe afear >na aa jaw fe 
fewt fea fewt jaw afe 9 1 waar fe aaaa f^a 8w 
ufew a ya ua ?aw fe M >na fee- ^or aa 
fana aw 1 few a uaa awfe aa aw yfe fea aa 
Horar 9 ua ufet few fea yaw ufe waa w§fe a 1 
aafe Hfe fea afe fw ^wfe fe fefe a sra a 8fe 
at arfeafe 9" 1 uaww 9a f^a (arafe a hhh f?a) jsa 
wt fefe fea a fea wt ua fe aar °fw a fefe 9 1 

fea wustw" wj 1 " mw aa aw 1 " fe?r sracr feora 
fe few f%a fewa Iw 1 " afafe 9i ufet fe Hp ^fe- 
aya 1 " hw fea o/dd, ofta-H^w, sa fe satw 
tfew ifetw sa a w fefe ai aa a w 
afew afew a fenfe fe fea asra w r ffe fattfe a 1 
fea §aw hh 1 fife wfecr 3afe a ffeife 'sralor, 
orafer’ fear gafet fafe a 1 

dual fe feor aa fenn afawst doal (Steme 
aurantia) a # afewfe % ^a-aa ffelfe a 1 fen fe 
aar fe wwwt a nta 9 ua fea ga fea afe a yfe 
fen Q” d aafet aar a aana aa aw 1 aa utw aar fe 
afea yfe yy fe fewfe fafe afeait ^aar afe a 1 
yaww aa f%a fea fe aar ar^- arw a fefe a 1 

3few t ffeat feaa ormita fea gaww 
aafe a 1 ipfet fea >w fa ffew fea fea a^, fefe 
wfa fe atw-Rw wjjfe afewfe ai fen wjjw fea 




459 



33T 5TJrga 3T3" 



fee 2-3, Ueaf 037 WIMref TT Hewt 3eT e W feer 
!h wfew §fe ef^" Her>{f rT 5(TH?7t !Te ?re Her>{t 
edf e ■dd'fcf 3 fe U 7 T I 



et gif afaatfee- erfee e eet ee HHfee fasf 
wu wifet h 1 ^ et we wuet moat H>fe aarra 
W 3ie fee WU S’ 7?7yd Ha I fee H>f Wf 23 H^e e 



TT.y.-lM : 73 

33 T 9 UW, 3 TcT : fiftr e 7 ?# arar fe^ a 
fife OTK et 3fyW rtdl H.dltt HOWR a r ft do(d rtdl 
wj feet fee wefe wire? feeti we et nete 
iifew e ere- w nete efe (at ajf writ e? at) 
e tfe ^Pt ?t afe are ea 1 w at gfe iiwj at 
djf dfddlfae rfey e re tr tz H'fjyee Ha i wu 
tft er ucra Tear ?eaef at et eu ^feeae fee ‘aje 
ft Hfae’ fey - ufaat waa, 1621 et. e afewi wu 
wife eeua e ufee 9 nffeeay ae nfe fey 
wue uffew are cMa'aua w afei wf e fee 1- a 
wir at a aa usea et fefew a |e Haay-fefew 
>xe ufe-Heryt frraife’ er usru ?t offer i at aij 
dfddlfy^ FTfera - e wee a Safer rwafer fe^ ae 
cfda'aua fey- #i?t eafet see l - uet a* - fa aa aj§ 
aaT yyrea atae fe?e 14 fre e aai wi a ge 



aa r-^'a He i wf waisfar 20 hut fayaa naT 3 t fee 
eta, wSe - a fear fee Here aai ae few! fee wsfe 
ajj at aij afe %ee H^fae neier e e nee ‘aw 
ycfirt^ orie e ^ef-ee hit eie e - Hdi? ! aie et 
fee gre Hcrre wefw i §e 22 Hef aw wue wu e 
eif wp?r§e earue ue fe w eefe e Here - e 
'w efe e’ ysre e ww ef ef feet 1 fen 

efr 20 hw 1665 at. e 44 Her et fw fee wu 
w ayre ajf efet §e feanere 3 e 1 

^eeiaereeeteHefiwfene^ey^reee 
few ue fee fee eraei r faw e ee yefet >»# gei 

e fee se et fe ^77 §■ eeat Mfeore e ee 
w^er ifedT ms ^17 e w§e ^fet ear ye efeeff i 
fee 1 - seifew H? ue efue - set yfe H'fda feor h<j'«<£ 
uufet Heer e ee ait ^ (fcpe- aue fe^ fee) 
ofleeue e ©fee-ifeK fee wr nfer et fee e ift i 



fee srHe S' e yd few feer fee eip- hht 



ee h>f fee fear e we e tts* e^t uaee e s# 




Wt fe tee ¥fe uere efe efe 1 §e fefeereorw er 
fwe e fe we er ufeer fe feweT ee et ie ear 
e net 3 e ewe fe?p- e tar eeree crfdd r hj ee 



ef ajf #3r yy’ed et 



eeee eet e efe Hre^- f^g- ^t 
erfew 3 1 yete $ 1666 et. fee weew 77 eie et 
eeoier sftet fe erw? fee iroe et ?r?>Hpit efe 
qfeeufewi 

weeye < 7 did et HH'U?r crae 3 1 ewe 
ajj et eee-uew wet erw^r nfe efera eee 
fe^ ue 3 e witwye (feeeFere) yee yfe fey 
eerge' ve?r yfe ew wfe e^r e are 1 &r 
yfe^re e use ee e ufeer eere- are yfe 
fed dij evr ^'o( fee ge 1 fee euye e 

eer eer feur eer weer et Hfee e ee afe we 
e erar >rHer efetya^ ^ ?ee ue cfter 1 
?njH w e §e e>r ue?r fee ae w fea 
vfa^'a §- §e ge e 1668 et. fee weeua eae 
we w 1672 et. fee uee e wee efaera e 
Qe at ew 1 few 1 



ne 1675 fee othvM ea^^ e rrafecr 
Hoid e ea eae wet ee ftfer e ere e e we 
feet ^e ee ue yre aee fee tfe 
cmfew fee eae-eery arae aiei feet uoee 
3 1 ufeer ware fee at we e eet eer few 
feiwi HXorele a r eH'a waree HHe>re 
eee etaa Ohoth e eowO'few efew wu e 
■ 11 ?feea, 1675 et. e feet fee Hfe-awtee 
fefer 1 we e e^ afe jw fee efet nitern 
■ >ae efe)- fewer et e ?t eet aeaet ?ae nete 
offer faiwi fe?ft e e f e *1 ear fee fee Here 
e we §- eete offer fefw, fe ue - ajaewar 



3 tTfnur 



460 



fed 313 Hfea 31 W 3 Hata' (fe?W HE) W HHcP3 

afet sfe hw 3 d 1 yfe3 '• fw ffea wuw wa maa §h 

Hy* 3 c/lcT 1 ftf3 Ucf docydltH dldno^'d' HfeW 
3few In 313 tit W feH td'^d fed 30<T & d'fe tid 1 
tit »lfey7 U33 f33 Wl at 3 H'feHtPa 313 3TfH3 

fHW fe 3 H3 Hf3cP3 73W HHciW fey! 3(3 3TfH3 
fifoy at 3 Hd'^3 fe fm uwp- ya nfaa Trwr few 
fefw' 3 : — 

feorfa ia fawta faa- ua ya few irwwi 

ddl tt U 1 1 ! d fe few o(dl 73 fecSd >>P3 ! 
ddl Hd'tdd 5T tdttd s(Ci tldld 3 Hc< I 
3333^33133^^33333! 

W 3W 10 gf, 7 H3t3 >>(3 18 f33 did diet 

fea feawnw at i fe gif aw yfaa fga 1 # aig aaT 
ypaa tit a aiffe, w, tfeaicrfe, few, Has - , 
yanfe, tranat, a#, fawar, fe?s, awfe, hw, 

HHa, H'ddl a titlfedl aw fg3 59 HH3 >>13" 56 HS3 
33 i aia at fe yaff nyd gawiHfe a i fair fed aar- 
jaa, ^'ddH^-Hsa, aat at qwfe, feg3-H3fe, 
fedrtUW 3" fesfdd 1 d'd djd tft 3 >H T U5' few Ijdld 

fea 33 1 aia tft a feg3 3 yfe a 1- >aftp>fe 333 3 
fea aw huh? a feat a fe ayfwfe 3 fean a fan 
gwgaw fea HwfH3 safe 3 sacra fe yaw 3nn 
a uh3t fea aif fe fe yfe >H33 H3¥ »fe §aya 3 
few a 1- wfe fer ffer afe ai 

a.y.-tfftf fefeaK-ft. §tr ffrv »fe y. 3iy ffirur; 

K.f . 

fefe fHW : faa HHaa yaaw few a 7- ddlip 
at fen a nawFa aafea few fe fra fuaa ffer afe 
a wuaf fe afena fea ufewt marife-fity aaT 
aaar fer-ferat aw w w few 1 fen a 7- nrawt 
73 #a aw fe , ywa fea huw da fed ffey a ya 
sraa aat faa affka sfe a ffew H3 faw>>f3 33 a^H 
3 fed few afew 1 

faa Has ftfe a HdUcV uaafe a aofet faa a 

o 

faa woHa ufawa a 1- fei-uw fe 1 feaa a w 

d<i >H3 W«fe d'd<i ffeH ^ Utl'd fe UddT 3 

ftfe aw aw aat ?w T §' ?fet fe i »rufe aw-qat a 
awfe wze faa 1845 fe. ferar ftta afe w aafea 
Hfe»n §h fef h. wfr ffev fw.aa w uaw H3fe 
fei 

W13 Hd<^ Ua 1 " 333 ffet ffeT 3 ^dldtH 1 <S 1 M 

aiaa au fea ai333 fea 1- w fw aTcra §■ avraa 

5T33 3fe fita ife 3 33oT 3 >>}aifer 733 33T g# I 
fan 3 wiife fdi<i-f>fe aw qa waa > >faT3wr r 3 
feaawafe swat fea gfe aafet a aaiawi faa 



ffer - aaaTaa fe ffe Maifea 1 " 733 fe yfe gawat 73 " 

fewfefewi 3 aa ffer afew fe feaWa fe swfe 
aawffefefga fe aw utw few hw fe fsrfefsr 
afe, hw a 3 a nwfe fe awfe a naw f%a aaa 
upafe 1 fen « 3 ' 8 l a arw ffer 3 Mwf aa a ta- 
afe few wife aa aa faahfe 1 Maifer Hfe fer a 

HHdH'dl fer 1 " a ffefe 3 H 3 ofa 3 HHf 5 T 3 Tife H 3 I ffeT 

afe ffer 3 »fe we ffev 3 feaifefe 3 »pa 3 t gawa 
a Q* 1 fe 3 W Hang’ feff 1 fferffer gw fa 3 feaiafe 
3 fear uraw-uaa afet fan aw a uafe 733- 
feHHTW fmratnr a nfSHa 7- 3 ffean aa a aan 
faw a aTga 3 a 33 aa Hawa uh 3 a nfe few 1 

ada 7 ^ a hwh a nasa afanr fea w safer 
a ya 3 §a fafe faiw nfe fan fw w upw 
orawfenp 1 naww 1- aaata ffey a 1- HHorwt fafeopa, 
wd Huna npifaf wa fga fena 1 " a :— 

fer ffey Haa r a, ya ga fafe, 

mat 73 T 73 3 W; ffer S 3 Hfe I 

ww ffey a fer ffey 3 ntafer a tfy fga 
nwHT aw 73a fefer ffes^fa qa afefenp fan 
H'd ntaiaa ffefenr ana aa 3 Qdi a few 1 

a.y.-H.g.: 600; fe fir .Wfe. afew-nl.fe.g r .- 3 r . 
feur; wf.fe.^t^ 1 -. aMHfe feur; fe Mfef W fe fe- 
anfer ffev 

HTTUW : ffel 73ffeft (Lauraceae) a E & ua 1 " 

a fan a ua Hata gw aa U 3 1 ffer a 1 " HTTHirat 

ffeaPHVW fe M'QdH cffew (T.aurus Cassia) 3 1 Hfe 

dtiaa God ddi a aa a 3 1 fec^ 1 ufaw 3 hhw, wta , 
nay, Hfe >xa nraw wfa ffea gafaw aw 3 " 1 ffer 
a fwg fen fe safe Ha, aafe wfa hww 
aafea sat gafe awt an for a 1- aa fe gaitr gw 
»ra aa ute - aar a 1 " gwuHta aa 7 a faaw fen a 
uffefe 3 1 feaaa an for fe gaa 1 fn gy§a afe 
oftfe awt a 1 fen fe awfe aiaa aa a 1 

a.y.~H.y.: 600 

: waa a nraw aw a feaa-feafe 
fan fga arffaya' a 1- Haa-HoPH a frrafe 
qanOaa afaw a hw fea fea g r ffew ai afaw 
feja gfnw aa spaa, fed afawfe aaaapa fe a 1 
fey swow ma faaaaif ffeawa Hfena aaa aw 1 
fet 1 32 ffe.vft. feaa gw aayaupa fe awtuw fer 
gfe aw affe fe rpfe a >xa Qfedl hu nasr fe fen 
nfaa fga fe feyfe 3 " 1 nfaa a fea nwwf agfet nife 
fe S’ 1 wgapfe Hgwfe otafe fea §3, aw >na aa 
anw 1 ' fe wfe fe at fet atafe wflgaftife 3 W 
H&faa ti fedi aw 3 ma wnr Hfew nyfira 33 1 fen 




461 



? few? 1 few few Hdaraf Qtrinfdiynr? ?wr?toff- 
wwwfe wi 

fey wu? wf yw 7 ? 7 wfow w nr? fey feir fay 
cOTO ? Uf wfod few HtlfonT WI few vjdj 1 ? feor 
fefeuw few wfuww, w? aw fe wwa 7 ?! ? f 
vfeanrW^WlffeTHfdWW W 7 few feoT Wfa? fe UW 7 
wf i wfuw w yfer few ugfe w ww few fer www w ww 
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dfefefe w ?w w^fenr femr wt I 

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f?? ?fe W Heft I few WWW fe WWt ?yfe fes 
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fefferfe few w uwfef wu 7 ? 7 wnrra 7 fe? w §?1 hwt 
wfaw ? ww? uyw? sfe, nrowf yferf Hern wf i 

nrwfe- 55,084 (1991) 

26°37 / f . few.; 92°47' U. ?H. 

rr.y.-f§U.3r. few. 23 : 282; fer.fa. H 7 . 11 : 666 
(1985) 

drlHtf : few feoT WlWW sfet U" fWWW 7 
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(Scindapsus officinalis) WI feHt?! rfdjjl cp&! fHWW 

fefe wwyfe fwwf ufe w - 1 few yur ?w ? yu 7 ? 7 few 
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life ?W WW? ?WT? fewfe few W WW? 7 WWW 

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3Tr firur, tTHfar : y? 7 ? w few far 

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? WJWWy 7 ?, ffej 7 WWfeufe (U'fe'Hd'6) few W. WWW 
few ? ww ufenn few? fyy uyvrwww htti fj 3 ? 
M wgfew ?? nr? ?tr feur f? ?t e 7 hu? 

UW 7 ? fwi H7T 1906 few fe? ? Hfeof 5t #mr 
FPW few nfew dfd W UWT offe! I few 1910 fe. 

few 3IW? few? 5TWH, WTWWftM ? few. fe 
ufemr uwr oftfei m 3WTfe w waw few w feww 

fW 5P7WT W WW 7 ? 3 1 fe UW W ffenr fe I few 1907 
few ww sw swrt? wfe, w. nfet? feur nrfw ww- 
wwra 7 ? d _| ?flfufe few nr w nr'wwt fe feww Wff'fe 
w 7 fw w fefenfwfenr 7 ? few few ?w w ?wt 
fenr 1 few few ‘wwivt? ww 7 fefe’ w h?w» wfww hw 
fernr nr? Iwz ww nr? ‘wfe ?pfew ww?’ few oraww 
sfenr ww fefenr 7 ! w? 1913 fe. few swnr wtww, 
fpww ? few ? nrw.nfe.fe. fe fewrfe unr? fefe 1 



few few, wwfew 

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fe feW y?jT ? @H fe OU'rtdO fe WW" Wfe fcTHW? 7 

tp? fewfe 1 w?w nitre w fefer w ttow ww, f ^ 7 few 
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uw? ?fej, hwtww wra 7 few, few ? 7 nrww npfw w 
feraw few npfenr 7 1 

few 1925 ? 1932 ?srw. feiwfew fewiwfew 
w ? 7 nrfvraww w 7 w? few 7 ! nrww? few few fe 
ufew 7 HW? WHoT §fel WWTWcr wfe 7 few few fe 

y 1 fewfeHw?yfMw ; ifefeife^ 1932 feww. ?w 
few fer? fer wwfenr 7 fepn 7 nr? 1943 fe. few wfe 
§hw, fpww few ww fewer? fe ? 7 ffenri ufe? fey 

WW ?W few ? HU? ? 7 HW tffcW 1 ’! W? 1947 # 
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fe 1 nrwrw?, 1947 ? 1948 w nr? ?sr few feww uww 
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uww g?!?dfe-fe w wfefe fewwu ^fewfe 
www ? 7 ?p? feQwi fesP'fe 1 few few ? uuh wfe §uw 
w 7 few wwfew few few 7 fernr fefe 1 few 1953 
few ufefwj ufenr nr? hwtw fefe fey few? jfeT 
fw fww gfe fe fefenfor nr? 3 u wuurafenr few 
few? iWy? few 7 H ? 7 WW WW fe ? 7 1 WUoTW ? few w 
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hu? w whw wwfewnr 7 femp- 1 ‘swfew feww?’ w www 
?w few ? uwfet fe w w ? 7 fefe" fu np^w ^ ww 
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oiflcl'?, yww, ywfef nr? a? raw fw? g?fe?fewfenp- 
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wti 

f?Hri ?? wf UTf few wfeJH W §W WWW HHfe 
e 7 nrurwfe few nr?^ 7 ? sra? fw? ‘fefenr? wfei? 
nT 5 pwyfe w ferwf wwfef ufef fe , §w w 7 wnruvt? 

w. few 7 few 5" f?ww? fe ? 7 fepn 7 fei few ? 
w.niw.f. w ife? few ?ra? w 7 uffeffer HW T fenr 
fenr 7 nr? 1961 fe. few wafer? fey fefenr? fpfeww 
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■fefenr 7 ) 

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13 WUUHU , 1965 Ft. §" Wy 1 c*> of ft!rt U 7 tdd' HUT 
UU77 feu fe?5W HyffeHU ut HU ^ gfetl 

HOUR HUUU HHffeU UtT 7 few UtW 7 yoPHU 
UUUU 7 fey ‘UTU c5'<5o( W3" fetd fdtt)iH7>’, ‘Commen- 
try on Punjab Presumption Act’ WU ‘tTU fewfepH 7 ’ 
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WU 1898 Pt. feu H 7 ^ W few ut Ufe 1 >Hf>P3’ gU U 
fife HfeW 7 WU UU 7 few 7T 7 SfaW 7 ! feu WU UUgf 

unu - feu ot yifu 7 fit hu for S fuuoufet fu 
woraut feu feu yuuu foyfi for ftfe FrfdHufuw^ 
ut Ffetut wu gu offeu few ut ut yfeut ewtwu 
§U feu lifelM ?7UU fefw U feu HUS’ fife ‘fey 
fegtf 1 3W feu gfUWH Sfet U WU.P. feu £ 
WSH 7 °P75U, WfeUHU feu Usffet Ufet WTf feu fife 1 
HU few Rtf few Hf77 U 7 OU HTO feU 7 ! f%U 
OTUU77 cUHU O’g’fffiM U fe.P. fOFOH WU fefUUTT 

fefew 7 ttuf ipu ufeti h?7 1917 feu uu 7 few £ 
waraut ut wh.p. w utut i u. fora few not ut 
huiu tt^ feu f grawt ut uu feu ou wu out u 

dldll 

3 HUU, 1919 Pt. £ fuufeB- UU 7 few W 
oT75U WfeUHU feU WUlffef, fefUOUf U UUU fefew 7 
U 1- UUUU ufewi WcTTSt rtTdd feu gwt fuwuuijt 
UU UUU wS feu U 7 HUUTUH WUU UU 50077 1923- 
24 pt. feu feu WfUUHU WU 7U0U fe^ feu fej feu 
feu 7 WU ^U ?t did 8' <il H y U1 OtT U 7 o( l dri UUU 7 
fcRF i feU HK UOUI feU Ufet feUU Ut feU 7 1 H7T 1925 
feU feU S ^f'TUT 7 UUUT Wfe3UU feu HU QtflU 
fey uu STtipfePH 7 ! 

UU 1945 feu feu S truu 7 OTUU wfHUUU feu 

Suut u wuute 7 u feu 7 WU UW UUUT, HUOI 7 , 

HUFt feu 13 UUHU, 1945 Pt. ~Sr S U 13 WOTUU, 
1948 pt. 3fer fyutuu uwgu u uu utu 7 ! 

16 WOTUU, 1948 fet. U fUU HUtfeW 7 ?fet feu 
S feuS feu uufeofuut ugutuuu fefu, U HUUU u 
WUU U UH ^U 7 WU 2 UU^gt, 1949 Pt. U HfoUU 7 
oPHU ufeww U fefftuw WU 27 UWfet, 1949 
3 1 HfoUH 7 uufet (OU UUU feuur) U HUUU WU Hut 
infeuupu UUU UtU 7 ! fifetuff UffUU s UHUt 
H'feuuu gu 1 Ifeu Hdot T 3 u?uu?ru utu 7 fePH 7 1 
10 UUUUt, 1958 pt. S feu U 7 wfeuuu fey HUdWTH 
U felW 7 1 



fuutufr uu 7 fuw uwu 7 feyfw 7 ofetw 7 yuuu 7 
feu UU OTU RTfeu U 7 Huuuy ptu 7 ( 1941), 'ifetw 7 
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WOTUUt feu 'WHU feu feytfeuu 1 WU S 7 . ofe 7 few 
cUPT 3U U fe HUU ftruput imu ut few 1 feu utw 7 
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fyutuu’ FFfOU ut 'WUTH 1 UUfet fecOH6d? U 7 
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u.y.->>r3Ht-fil. Fft feut ; fu. feu ufeAus- dW 

yfe<Sd; sF. fe.y. 

: feu feufeu wuuu sftut ofet 
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feu 7 uufuw 7 ut tu feu UUU U-WH77 HlH# U 

y •» «s 

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gy ou uou fet^ 7 u upt 7u o?) i fegfeu feu ufft feu 
feiuut wuuu fey 7 feu ii ypuur feu, 11 
feu WU 11 ftraut U ofeu 0771 feu 7 § uufu ufe 
uuu nufyw 7 feu 7 S'! fefeu TTfe’ u 7 uuruut ffer 
ufuw I 

o.y.-K.f . 

Utirtofd , *n<v 6'ti uru'rt : uuu u feu 

^W frfOUU'U U 7 U77K 9 WUUUU, 1909 Pt. S 

dU6'fdld1 fey ofew 7 ! feu S »TUUt fitfew 7 PUUt, 

ufeu, U'dHddl WU dlfedV* gTTfeufffetW 7 U WfU 

utut i feu S ufet fuu fewu Trot uuu'few wu feu 
ufe u feu Syu uu 1 uu u uuuou 7 hotuu feu 

HddldHt 77177 feU 7 feidf 7 1 

uu75uu Hofet wu woraut feu feyfer 
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outw 7 ’ (1943); ‘ HUUU 71 (SftTOt! 7 1951-54); ‘1(77 

WHU77 gjuu aur 1 wu ‘‘uuxft feu was' (1975) 
U 7 ^ HUU ufuy ofew I feu HU r UH 7 OTUft U 7 ffeT 
UfeTTtUU fft I feu U HU^UH 7 Ofeft U 75# 1 iTOt fU75 

_u feyt feu yuuu ut feruTT 7 ufuti 

12 H?7, 1971 pt. S PUPf fey feu ut HU S 

ufetl 

o.y.-y. u. y 1900-1980 

uft'rtl ; feu uuu u hpxiu 7 yuu uu u fepi 
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UUUU few?) 7 uu u »fe uuufet UfeW 7 ffei 

dldWUUt UOpfedlH 7T 7 U feu ofet U UTTH-WHfcl' 
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maulins) PTS I 

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yfeti 20 fs, 1792 f fm s «f tv-Hftrat ysat F 
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S FF dH'F 1 Ft Wife" fed ^ft sf ‘dl ftTH'S'dl TSdt I 
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V s: 

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Fae Fea Ftet we ffeT yat 1 mWifea Ferae few 
fe ea et eaW - me wy ewt er 373 me wt Ffeie 
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eerae 377 e fe eaet fee ffere 3771 #e we 

feeFTRer (Viscosity), feH77 WTHFafeer (Volatility) 

me ufa FtH3 feTf- e 3je 33 1 

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uaaetmH Ferae Faar Je utti fee feare fafeaew 
eaar Je 33 1 HHttHet Ffeie yew FTawm we 
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mfeHtFae ufete me mar-yfeae fey e ye 3F3 

331 

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F feie yew 3 1 ee ufa 33 ee W 33 aw er aiatw 
Ffeie eew e ^ e femrer stF 3 1 aiafe efer er 
fer-FteaW-ai 




465 



MfeH 



SHfeHifeFfeHH- Sh ufew 3t 3fn 3 ua3+ 
ffe cfy ffet fe3t n I fe aare M3 urnfe $ afet 
hi fe ua3 Mfetfer fe felfe 3t 

nfet n 1 Sh wfe cfeicr ffe 

HfeW, HH, HH Wfe 3t HH, fet 3t HH M3 HH 
3t aatt # ?H3t fe3t n i §f hiff #feai3 Irwin- 
s' hh 3 fe3tM+ fe3tM+ aw 1 afe 3t fe^TO 1 hh 3 
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fet fe3 fe3H?7l 

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3W - Hut fe HcT3t H I rddWfeT^3HfrWfeHfeH 
feSt feHSFHH 1- ufe get H I 

2. UH UM^fe — fe fe 3 T UW?> 9 ffeT 3" 
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fe HH fe 3t Hfefe H I 

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?fe M3 HTTFRltt dri ffeMfe ffe?T H3 fe3 33 I 

fet wh aratH h far ufe ffeSt fet n fcwfe 
ajarfeat fet hi 

fedi^fefew 

feHIW HH WW fe 33 HFftW WW fitfe fefe H 1 

sHH Hfe- - 3W 3UcF 3W cfe Ife 1- fefe H, 
feH 3W ajfe cTHTr feHTfe aftfe H 1 

HHFsT gfe - 3Wt7 MHfe UU Hfe ?t feHlfe 
oftfe fefe HI HaW IIHOT 3t HH^ Hfet # feHTW 
ofefefeH! 

M\3drt) ^'die — feT feH 3Mci UHfFW' 3 
F5H oftfe Hfe t M3 HH3t feHIW 3t fe 3Ht Cftt I 

tf.y.->fe. fe. H. 11 : 172; >fe. fe. 14 : 453 

~3W : fer fetold' fet 3 HVTUHH r ?HHT M3 
Ffffet 3W 3 oft# H3 1 fe^ oftfefe S Mfe3 7F PFff 
TFfeM 1 " Hfe H I (fcHH''d ffe td < Mfe3 > ) I 

: 3FI3 3 feFH HHT 3 few 

fen fer tfe h feod 1 fen HHtHJW stM 1- 

UHfetM*" M3 ^3H f%3 HIHF ?fet 3 fenc'd ? T feM r 
H I fHH 3 few 3 fe MH ^ fferfe f33 H3 1 fer 
feW 18^ Hfe fe3 HWfejF few Ht feHW TFIW 
H fe UH 7 U3 S 1 ufew Ut 3few HH H few Ht I feT 
S ffer fecr 3W|- fefefef S HWfeM 1 ' tfeFf 
flHd3H3t HHWF3 HW few few H 1 1 . 

rr.F-feu.3T. feH. 23 : 275 

375fef : fe UWfefet (Ploceidae) 

?W 3 r WW HTfeH fefe feoT USt HI ffe W Ufe- 



fefdlM'cSo) 7F Wfeffe H33WF (Lonchura punc- 
tulata) H I fe XIS\ ?3feF 3fe ffe (^3t WH 

P h fe fer S 1 # ^tr ysfe 3 #w ffe) IfeS, yfe 

3 S-H-3# ^33 feH3 H3I fe^ ifefeF 3 §3 
wfenfeH tWHfe HH3 H77 1 




fefer ySfer 

MW ffe fewt TTfe §3 fe lM 3T fe 
SoT3’d fe HI U33W |3 S" ffe, ?TH M3 HW 
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WHT3 HcT I HH3t §W HyrflW HH HH ^ fe UFH 
fen fear 93 hh 3HI3 Hfe3 hw 3 cfe wat offe 
rfefejF §■ ^ H3 W3 H3 1 3H iF3 3 fe M HWt 
fe-3' 3t MTWi? ST33 H3 ffe 3 3HM3 t 33 
tF3 HcTi 

fe MW 3H 3 Sfefe SfelW SfetW ffe 
MHJW HWffe H3 UH cfe 10-15 Ht. 
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Mfe3 HHf fefe H3I MTJW WW Hfer jM 3 
MHJW ^HHF, HTWHW few Hfe H I fe MHJ3 ffe 
fe 4-8, fe3 HHT 3 M3 f33 H3 1 

H.U.-Ht Ofe : 139 

dHl , feHtT (Tassi James) : fe" HoFHWir 3 1 
HfelF ffe 3W3t oTHW ?W M3 ?3 HTWoTH fefe 
feW HTWcTH 5#! fe fe feW 15 HW3t, 
1735 Zt. f HTWHHT 3 33 UWfeFMH ffe Hfefl 
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feffWH MHWft ffe fe H3fWHT hM MfHM?T cTHfe 
Ht I fe 1763 ffe fe 3HfW7 fed WoTHH feat 
fefe Mcfe wfeaaal wfefe w ffewi fe §■ 
iF3t?r atfaw fe ?few srfe fn fen hIh hs'Qa fe 
fe fe 1 fe fefe fet foy- 

feaw 3 fe fefe few 3 UH3 3t 5T3 t3t I §Flt 
MUWHFit M3 U r H3HHt 3fe feHH 3 ife HWfef 7 Fft 
M3 J feJH ^3H 3clT 3^ffe Htl Mfefe oTH3 

?fw fe ffe at fetr fer farHx t 3 atfafe tfw fk»3 



466 



GEafet 



e»e ffeufet fufe he fafe fa a»Hf#Et aEEfetME, 
ehuu me Gasan i fen e feAddRulG (intaglios) me 
afetG (Cameos) 5# feHH E feH'glE HEfel HE 
1766 feu hhI «s so dtt 1 few i Qu few e u 1 til 6 
ME M’ufect ulfdW ^ddl ftdfrtl did fUM 1 !! ad<5 E 1 ” 
aH fEW fewi HE 1780 feW feE feH E §H at 
H 0 1 d 1 fel yydlcS HUE E MUJE HUTfe odd dH'd 1 

utfeW GtW EaW fuMM aua Eat faun hit 1791 

feE UHU (Raspe) HlfeEE UHEa fe feHfofUfE? 
SdWdl MHU U EEUE ofHcfHTT MPU EtTHt^E ME 
HOT EHE’ feE 57 UE? 7 UUt EHt E fEME atE 
1 5 ,000 feEdfe E 7 ?UEE atE 7 few fHEE 7 El 

EHt E HEfe UE EHEW feEU (Medallions) feH 
Et fea EE HUE ¥3t EE I WH >4# fea feHH E HtE 
UHU E feiWU atE MfHU 150 E #H fEEU MfUEUd 7 
Et ‘HcTfEH EHEE UUT[U UIEUf’ feE HUTfe oftG ft-lEE 
UE ! 

ufeat EE 1799 Ei . E EEE feE 3Ht Gt HE 
UEt I feH E HUTU feH E 7 EEtrT feGtMH EHt UtfeW 
E UfddU fEMHT EUE 7 fdd 1 I 

U.y.-Wr.fUH 7 . 9 : 836; W.MH. 26 : 280 

drtoenl ; E r fHRE r f UE (EUE) E fEUTfetft 
aWHXE feE fEH E 7 E EWE E 7 HHE-HaM 
tf E fEUE<?«t HfUE E 55 fe.Ht . §U GeU-UUH feE 
EUEfeEUEt EEE Et fea EE EfetE Gw ?ffW 
Ufew Ul fEE aUE E HatEE HfeU ?UE UE 7 fW 
ME d'^cSofd UEU fS'rt HHoT EM'd' rjfeM 7 ufew U I 
feU ?W EEE Et Ul HftTE E EE Ut 5 fe.Ht. ^E 
EUEM E 7 HHUH HUE 7 ME HEttfetMH U I feu HfeU 
feoT Hf^HE MHHUT Ul fet fea’ MTTtHTT HEE U 
fEH r^E gE HH6 yEEtW - ?t H^E UfT I fEH HfUE 
TTET EH dTFt (Kasi) HHE E 3^ ^SEH’ HfUE E Ul 

M T H T Et - 55.189 (1991) 

8° 58' f . f?H.; 77° 19' U. EH. 

U.U.-fHU. a. f&E. 23 : 281 

d^fdME : HEE Et fEE HHEEt HEEE1HJ ME 
fEHTEElfEEd'HH'Et HfUE Ul feUHUcT E EHEt 
fHE E 27 fE-Ht. Et EEt E fEHEE5EE EE-HHf §E 

UEt fea tent G^e ^rfaM 7 u i 

ufUFE fEH §■ 15^t HEf Et.U. Et fEE E7MME 

^irua Eat ?e e^em 1- eet nti fen e fulr feu 

d 'dfeElMTE E HHE UE feu r I feu feu fea UHcT HHEt 
HE few ME feH E ?E fetTEH (Tingis) Hftw feptf" 1 
42 Et. f?E fea MHEE HfUE HEE E EME feH $ 
HEEfetM 1- fEETETE Et EEHElt HE T fEM T fewiHE 
HEtw EH 3HE EMEU E EE E EME feH Gfet #UE 



HEt tE'few, H T EEEtEtM t (By/.antins) ME MHE E 1- 
HHE 1 " feU 1 " 1 EdraUT 705 Et. E E H 1471 Et. EH feu 
HfeU feHHfet fefe ME 1662 fe. EH HU?ft ME 
yUEUFEt feE E HHE feH feEl feH EE (1662 Et.) 
HUHtfe Et HHUfe E EH EH ^E 7EE feME UE HH, 
feU agfeE $ EHT ?E E fEE 1- few ME feH 3^ feu 
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^t MET UHTTtHH EEHHTt afeif I Efe ME ^t feH 
Gw HdEEfet ^UTU ME fWHt UE^ ufet H77 I 

HE 1912 feH EE HEH E Hfet fUH r UdfetHt 
UdHUUd HfEW E t tlTfEMH §" fea - feHH HUE 1- fEE 
fewi fer 1923 feu feu HUafet EH E Mddd r Hddt 
UHUEHfeUHfEM r fEH§Wyad , *lM T ,UHfe,HfeT, 
Udddl'rt. feU?G, HEEtMH, ?ftEUEEE, FfetEE ME 
H T ME feH HEHE EE E STFffeEM^ E fea afeHE E 
HHE UyEfeW I feT 1956 feE MHEE HE# E EE 
feH fVfSE EH E?7fEMU fea Mdd-d'Hddl EE fdd' I 
fEt^EEEEEffeTfEHffEUHHEfemtEE 
it MHiE 1- HHE 1- HU few Ut I 

feU HfeU UdlM'rt' HE 1 " 1JHU Et fea UUfet 
Etw Ef5 T E i ’ QG HfeM 1 " ufew Ul UEE HfeU E 
EMfer 15at HEt EtW HEtW UHtW ETtfE UE I feu 
HWETT E HfUE, (fEH ME-^E HEH Et HTE E 
EHfeW E T MEffen MU U) ME eEt HHfEE (Great 
Mosque) HUH et afet ufefu U I HE 1 962 E ETfEMU 
Hfet MEfeW ffet EUVftW Et fe u feH E r MHEE 
dfew ufew Ul HE 1968 feH fey MHdlct 1 Et 
EEfeuftfet ME 1971 Ht. feE ffeut MgUtar Et 
EEfedfHdl Et HUW atEt Ufet I EEfEMU fea Uffej 
HEUUTU ME ?irua HEU UE HUH HEW ME 37E 
Ufet HUfe E ^E et Hfee-tH (Fes), HHEH 
(Meekness), HUE (Rabat) Mfe HEHEUiar 
(Casablanca) ?EE ME HHEUt dHfuG EUU EET 

ufew ufew Ul 

fea fea ufetr Muuuwut uafet mw et ui 

fefe E fEUVPE HE, HiftW UEE E 1 " HH ME HEt HUE 
E r Gu&idi (feHH aua. afetE) HwvftW ?fet fefer 
fefe e t afeu ue i fea e sa We aua Huutw 

GupGe ME HUUTt UE5E W aUE UE I 

MWt - 2,66,346 (1982) 

35°52' G. feH.; 5°55' EH. 

U.U.-W-. fe>T. 1 1 : 542 

3H3" : feu UdhlW ME MUUTfEHETT E 7 
H r EH , U "rit I feH y fEHUHUT E ?E TEE ?t EGEW 




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for h tooth fftes- ot hot mr huhTto 7 both fM 
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ffeTdl 

2. 3fe'3fe'S'fe^^fefe 5 f^ > ^7d?5'7df5' 
S# 1 dd #)■ fdTffefe 3 1 fed fed 7 fe fed STdd 7 1 

3. fed dd ddl - fe- 3fr Sd d^ fe^d H3dl 
fed cVfc d'il Sd rt'tt Sis' 3ddF M3" Hdld 
HfetdfedFI 

4. d^ 7 3fe rt'tt d'dl d Vifedf Sd rt'tt 

dfe^d 7 1 fed rt'tt Hd d'dl Tdd ^dd d 
>Hfe3F HdT dd fed JHdTdt 3#3lt I 

Hd3df5 T fe - fed H333T fed H T UW t >H3 dfe d 
'dd’ ?dd fdfor fedT S' fed 7 3l fed Hd3oT dt feddd 7 
feo- 3 fe £ fefe ; Hdd 7 , 3'dfed dt dg- dt fertfeH 7 

?33ft Odt 3 1 dd ddfe, Hdtd d S# 1 dSfefe fe fd# d 
'dd’ oddfer Od »f3 .irfet fed M3T §■ fejfetdfed 
Od, ftfe" dt J^H 7 d feoT H'dtfl'H 7 Od I dfortl feoT 3" 
ftfe Ot IdfeF 3fe»F HHjfe 'dd’ Hf ^3dfeT Od HT3 
3d'o( ddTHd 7 3 d 7 r^H 7 3dt Tdd S' ddSfefe Hf 
3 fedfer Od I ddt feoT 3dS'^^9|'.Odt3dd 1 feOr 

d 7 Mdfet ‘dfe dd fed 7 Od 7 3, fdd goT3 to 7 ? d 7 

fed d'dfl d ^d3' ^H 7 ifed 7 O fed fed Hfe rtf 1 O I 
ojOilfe 7 d D^ 1 fdO 7 Hdd *'rt fed d Hfdd fedd 7 

3i 

tor ora 1 ?? — fed fed oh dt ferfefe 7 S yord dt 
Odt 3: (l)fefeS'd3t3'dddfefe^0df^3H3' 

ffed 7 >H3 Ufe t 3 1 TO ddd 3d fd3 d fife 1 Ufet 

fed fefa 7 3U3 7 >H3 Ufet S' ^fed dfed dd OH 7 S' 

Hold d dd S3 rt'rt fefe'Grf 1 I (2) Q°ld fefOW d 
fed d H T fed y H OH 6 ! rt fd330 of3d d fd <t 1 , U3” dt 
fefefe 7 fed S#" U3 fed oiooi dlfsSfe 7 d td fe3 GUO" 
fOtt'Octi | 




469 



era 7 *? rF sat Rd'ylw — feE fFH FE'Et ferfaw 
§e f^ get f, frnr Fg* fen e §we fofiw 

Ffe»f FI feE ^ E^ME ERE FH fHF E FFUKS" 3W 

tret gw mf fOs £ ee^f 7 1 iret fFE he fEW 7 ff 
je to hfe be eew 7 ! Of §■ ^ ^cr §vf Ow 
(owGf 1 1 

Ow furt'Qd; fw Of fEW 7 ss ft mf §uf sf Et 

5TF?F I Htt FEET EF FE TO FW, F+ feF W EE 

H 7 HE HF F HE FW FFF few EE 7 F I ufet fFE EF 
§fHW FfeaT 7 3" War Ffet FF SfeM 7 FE 7 FI 

U’.y.-’fe'.wr. 26 : 131; fe.fc.t. 5 : 421 

MrtofH'Ed : aw E few 

TO foFFF 7 EWE 24 fW, 1885 Et. W F>ft fFF 
FfeM 7 ! HW 1914 fFF few W oHHFWt OfeZF Et 




M$olH‘Ed M'oj.srtl IFF ddF 

WFW oftFt MF 1955 Et. fFF mfet HF 3cT few 
FW HEEF feE 7 ! 

H7T 1934 fFF fof ? §F ? TO ‘Et 
MHjfefHWEar FESt’ Et feH WUHT §F WWEF oftFt 
FTSt far Qo cSF HdfdM 7 E MWEW cS <J1 Ht I few F 
OfeEF E 7 E^FE fecT oDfet W W fw^F MF few S’ 
fTF Et fWFTFETt FF FH cTFF WEt HtT§F oflF 7 few 1 
ME few OFFTHW W MOW HW Et HFFFyFF UFcOTW 
HftW iFE 7 F I H7T 1939 fFF ‘HFW E fWFHW 

FW few §■ HE F WoTfUCTF 7 ITUF FEt 1 WUW OfeEF 
Ffet few W HWH MF §" WtW HHF ofet F? 1 OSHt WEF 7 
Et EW FSW ofFfet I gtEFF WWEF bftT few E EH 
Et 1THH 7 oTFE FFI feF ME T E T F t E Hdldbl FTW 7 ^W 
fOTE few fEE 7 Ht I few Et FU?ft FE", FF§F 
WfE few fFUF Et I 



§WFJ TO # hOff 
25 HFEF, 1950 St. f HW f%0 few Et HF F 

FTEt I 

F.U -»f*or.aU. 9 : 776 

: WEcEW Et HFFE E WF feHFfetW EE 
Et MUF FTW'WT feE feF fecT rmoF HEFt FEt Et 
fefFEt fef FF feE ^Et GPEFIF IjtEF FI feF 
fFFt FWEFtW feE EFEtM 7 Et»F HF 3 1 HEWtM 7 
HEFtMT 1W feF Et I Fir 1905 F fet 0^ Of HE 
fUF FE FEt FFt Et OF 1918 FfeFUEFFFMTOE 
FFTEtl 

EF 1916 HFFEfeE MF FFFT feEoPF feF 
FR/F HEtF 7 3fe>>fr fflE MWEE UHEt MUF ftWHEt 
HHF fFHtFF WHETO Ufewt feHF EFT HFIF FFfe W 
EF 7 EfeM 7 few I feE HH#F MWHE W 7 F* HHWHTO 

he ff ferflfer §f few mere mfe ftff Hfehr e 

feFof HF HfF 7H Ft CfFEt HFEF FF fOQTd §F 
EFFTfeiF ?HW few # fEM T E T HE Et I Ufewt ^Ft EFT 
9FH FF F HMiE HHWHTO MFE 7 F ^Owt WE7HF E 
Efefet fUF 7 MF MFF ‘JIWWl Et ^EFfeE fEFtM 1 " 
EFEt EHFtM 7 ' Q d FEW EFF HJ 5TF fed I FW F MF 
WFTW EFF fFTWEt E WcF F MOIF MET F FEW F 
EE r §E E 7 fFHE 7 oftF r l FW F Et feiFF WFt 
GIFEWH F F 1- HHF F 7 Et RTFEt spfw Et fear 
HFfew rTEHEt F Ft §Har #Et I fear HW, 1920 f 
MF5F F fear ^Ft FEFt TEW feE EEFt F FEW artF" 
lEE PFB feE Et fFF'EF ofFF FE? S' affeMoT Hfe FTF 
MF MF 1920 fFE WJF FfWWl EFFTOtM 1 ’ J E tEF 7 
few I EF 1948 fFE feE F MHEEt fewt MF feF O'E 

ff f fenafetw w fetr gw few i 

EF 1921 fFE feE F HE MTOE oftF 7 few MF 
1926 fFE feEF FFF feiwfet E fejEFE (Kibbutz) 
fFE feW 1- fed' fewi feE E FE Ft 0 e fedM'd 
HflF T (Qiryat-shemona) cE E oTHE, frTHEt 1949 fFE 
Ffe cffcft Ffet Et, E 1 " F 7 FW F Et Fftw WEt ot'dE'F 
FE HFtE 7 E fefS dfe fEF 1- feWI feE TTF| r F fear 
EFcT FHEW MF EfFoT ME'feH UTF Ft HHtW cftF 
FTEI 

F.U.->ife. fe. H 7 9 : 871 

f?5f W # Fnfe : wgfear FEFt 
FEFF 7 fFE feF fear U CFF TO F MF f&Et F E^ME 
HF F FF Eftw fFE EWt Efeff FI . 

FW3J, d6dl MF M'Ud feF fFF HEE fecT Ft 
FbE WEt FFF tEE FF I WOF EEE Et FFF 11 Ft 
EEt FE FFf I §E HE F ufew 7 Ft ‘F7TO' HEE Ft 
tfeffWF Et I 'FWOT’ HEE Et FFF 1200 Et. E MWEE 
HF FEt I 




470 



aar-H'Hfofo' MTSHa 3War W fo foaufo 
ga a Har a?r i gfo far £ afoa w ufaea fea 

f*'oC«t foe 077 UcT fe§fo TTtfTfe^- grfo >>frf^ 

£ wfo ufaea fo sra 1 " at foe ar?r i §77 ware 
fea fofot eaa fea aha g 1 ufafo ara g^ra foar 
afoyg fea uawa ufora aar e at fefoaa au a 1 

awir fout uafo neat fo fofot aar e at 
fae a 1 foe aha ae feuha fea foe fout raw 
rfer a foa gatat nag aar 1 a # 1 waraaT fee ftraha 
at aarahr aar 1 feaefo a 1- feae a fa fefo aar 
aaha ufae aa ah aafo- at fee at feat at 1 

awaj aaaaw gaa fefamara ara ayae ai 
for fea 56 fora aw 1 awar ana a aa agfo a aa 
fea ya arfe aw for far fafo wfe aa eaat 
aaaa fea feaferw fote aw 1 fen ag 7 fea aaa 
nafta wet sraa §faa ai gaweg adfog'd' £ fen 
ana fea ffofo aaha aa 1 fan aaa at fea gat aa g 
at g^fotw tfei| ‘yaat foefohr’ fore a 1 awaj- 
aaa awe ew for w ffoae aiaa aa afae 7 - ai 
foa aa a# aaa fea tw aa gag aa aa ufo at 
awaT aaa fea fo gaa haa aa ee 1 " aawrg' ai 
fort, faat ara fofof ftfofo fo fo fo awarw 
at ee fea awar faae fo aaa war fea 
fegaga 7 - oaf ai afotfae gfo- craw fo aware 
at awgr fea fas? ana*- at eae afo ai afhraaw 
aitsa'a 3 wdj ea 7 " £ aa tjfea sfafo a esra More 
Haaa wa afaw a 1 

folfe feffoe a i fo 1050 fo. a waraarae 
fen aafaar 1 ah’ gfo w?er ?ot a 1 - naffo aw 
e gfo-Mage for ahaa at uffo fo gaa for a 
fo fen w at ae ag" faaaa alaa a r ya nfoar 
ww a 1 saa ferfaw? aret.a fore 1 - aa^ a 1- 
irfoa foMaraaarra ^t art 1 'Mara rraa faanrat’ 
for a r HHfoa foa fefw ufiw fwada-ata at 1 
for a ufoa ifw aa irata ftrafotr ara afo a 
aar ua w a ftfo naar a fea uvna fwra a 

fo aa^ foa Hfora-aa?a 1 1 ^t aat a uffoa a aa 
aat at ara fo fo aa^t aat a for ^ aa afow 
aha a 1 

arofoa aaaj afora a aar ua^aatsr 
foaafaaTH uaaa wra aa^ a for 1250 aafo a 
afora at aaa aa wara a .— 

1. Mfawa gar — 700 fo. a 1050 at. aar 

2. nafa gar - 1050 at. a isoo fo. aar 

3. for gar - isoofo.a i 75 ofo.aa 
^aaaar gfo - aa 1750 a foa aar 



afora f?a rraa fefoar arwra fofo £ aa aa 
fo ?t faa tf aaa aa - 



1 . 


a'H6 gar 


— wa 7 " Ma aara 


uafe 






gg?" 




2. 


yd 'g gar 


- aafea a yaa 


ajg 7 






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fog gar 


— aaaa foa aa?) 7 " 


a 7 " fo 


4. 


afa fo 


— ?fefo fesra a 7 " gar 


fen 


T fo 7 a 7 - afyga ufaa fora Maaa a- 



1 . MfaTMrg gar - 200 fo. u. a aaraar Mfoa 
HHj'aM'o' aforafo a afo a at for a 1- afo aafoar ra 
a^^ a aa 700 fo. a ufaifo fafo fawfofo at aaa 
aaffoa fo afora rfti 7 ^t aat a saw a fasrofo 
ffoa awar a 1- §v ffosar a 1 fefo f^a Mfoayaa ffofo a 
grafot rFffoMT afoafo a a feftfoa ara ffor foaa 
fea faafoi taft a r gfol w aar a 1- fawfoa gaa 
uftfor ai sfo a for for a afora a gaa §u 
^t aa- ‘aaauaafo £ c^o^aaT r t7Kg■ , ara 'agfoya’ 
aafai 

2. yaaafoT - for for a afora at aa 7 a navr 
ugra, uaa fow ara afwaw fafo £ for for fo 
sftat afo rft 1 aaa a aa a^aa tfa« aaa £ aa a 
aaata aaa wet aafofoaa £ foa^'da’ a 1- wr^a 
cfta 1- 1 ‘Maacr’ orfe a 1- aa ara^a sraa firaa for at 
aa a afo 1 for a aofoaa 200 aa?- foraa fafoa 
HHcrfet £ gfet 15 fofo a 1- WiW foa r i Mfo 
£ Maaa’ afe £ 14 fo aat a for fea fea aa afo fo 
waHW ala 1 1 for ag 1- for fo a 1- ara^a ffov aahfo 
fea faa afofo afo foar faPHT i 

aaa rfoaa, 7 aa?r hot, xm afaa KH 7 aa 
ara art arfa for gar a four afo aa 1 ‘area 
aa^fo, ‘foae aatforat ‘aaraa afoeaa’, ‘focra 
Hafoanafo, for ‘aa^- ya 1 ^' foa for afo a four 
ara aa 1 fea gar fea a awlfo aa fea Mfofo 1 
afawt aaaff Maraa aafea ahfe fofofo fo aaar 
aa?r ?fot aafaa aafo ?fot aa?a ara aafo fort 
Mcrana ara-Haa fo efo MOTa ro fofo fea uarra 
awti 

3 . afar gar - fea £ awaj afoa a 1- ‘afcaat 
geT’ affor foa 7 " a 1 16 fo Hat a foe fea fog aa?a 
aa fea arfoi H^affoa, ufoFnaajaaaa, ?aa- 
faay, M T aoraa 7 ww r . feafgaar, auj^aaafet- 
agaiHH aafa for fo e four fo- aai ffoa"- 
aeaarrg-, uaTTnaw acS'wld'a ffoa, aaaaat 
faarfo aa?r, aaa tfeeuat, foagwfoa 1 " aaraa fo 
aarfeVg foa fea fo- a four afoaaora aa 1 1. fo 
fo fea araefo ara fou 7 " a foae 7 " Hae-afoa a 



4. 




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?t wn ddar-arfe fear Ffe FS-fe?F fed doryfes 
600 dt §KWOT FSI fed ddcf FFfdt, fe MB' 

sldtudd dFS 1 ^ fs frnfe fed d w for 5 1 wu, 
Harder rot?g? Hnw as i ff ddar w fear ‘mz’ 
OF 1- O' fad S ydS 1 - f FF 5F fed dfe^ dfe- O’ i 

FTtd dferd — ddcfe Ft dfe UfetS 37531 rdfed 
fed FTfd-HFfe Ft dt ddt HFH3T Fdt I fed Fftd ?t 
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F SHF PFTS’ HFftd >Hd S'Fcf) 373+ STF FFFFHSI 15 
dt HFt fed Fltd-rdfe fe? fed FFFJ'gT 
nfSdd'Fid, 3iw (3WH), (S'FMdll, fdWlF'F 
»flF §T1T 5fet dS I 

OISHdFrt - ufets dSFJ dfejd F fed-ddCF S 
daraFFS feF tT i F T F I ddftd, Hffes »fd fed feTF 
fas 1 arsfe" fed ofHdf o(M'o('d FT fed F 1- UFFdS 
oTFF HS 1 FAFfed, Hd'd'dd' >Hd sTFPFd Ft»F dd^fe 

sararaFiw feF Oh eras' Ft uaw ds^r hs dfes 
fedFdt FI 

4. ^radars gar - fen s afe tot w sdts 

fearra Fr gaT fair ft Hard 1 ' fi hs 1750 dor Fd 

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19 ?t FFt F >>td >Hd 20 ?t FFt F >fe fed FF 

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HFd UF^ ftPJFI 

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fed Fid 3d I 3I3F’F W? HdFFoT, #F 
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F^FUd, HWd, dddd fF^FdF F^dft, 53tw 
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FtddF HFdt dFFt Ffd cTdTft S T F T fF3F r sT >>rft 
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ferf^Td F MdFFF Fdd F- FTfe F uvrfeor WF 
fed tddT fdFtdTTFddt, FSllTSK HdMS'a^Fd 
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F.U.-ftr. fF. 3.1: 358 

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feFdt F 20?t )=fet F UfFS WT F fed Uftfe Hdffd 
F T FSH 25 Hdd 1867 S UW fed Ffd'/FI 
fed S Udd »fd fdTFS Ffed cTSdFfeFFfer fed 
ddffd F r >KftPds oftH 1 "! mfet dfes frit >dd sfts 
TTFT fed Sdt Ft Hdftd ^"For HFd Ufdtr F fFPH T l 
feds drat HFF ddfts fed Hdtd cftd dfFF fer 1898 
fed fed flRFS fed >Hd 1908 fed fsfuiW dfed F 
HFldfedS ^UF T fed Hdftd F’Fd I fed dt 

ufiTOt ^TFt Ffet >Hd 1928 d 1936 dd fed 
fsfWFor feSFddfSor fddst >>FFFdSF r F r ?t HFTtd 
^ r FS f^l fed 1937 d 1954 Ft. dd fed dddd 
FFT »fHFtoF Fdt^" W7 dt. dt. fdd?ft WFSHFF 
W a'feyoTFF gfewi feds ddd FF F ufdd 
^TFSTW ddddd fed ^t IFFT f&iWl 14 HFt, 1931 
S >HfdF Ft fe5" FF d §H7W fed Sd Frafed S fed 
^UF F>W Sftd r I ddcFSfst <^UF ddd WHIFFt F 
§irfe>JF >Hd dtws Ffer fifesfer fff ?fet ufdd 

art I fed Ft CTFdoTdt fe?ft dd dt fe ?7FF JJUF idd 
HFIF fed HFUdt I7WH3 HFcT dt Hdftd 
fsySd r ?FS dd crFF 1 " fFd 7 "! 




16 WWWUt, 1957 W fefTOUW Hfeu few few Wt 

W3 u difcl i 

y.y.->>t?r.fe.H 7 . 10 .• 6i; >>twMvr. 26 : 715 

HHK : ufew 7 ^ 7 UWT (iruw) w fwwt fe^ few 
few wfelU U fejd 7 few 7 ? 3 25 fw. Ht. §3U few 
w1w3 ui wfeu w 33 uufetM 7 wt 242 wt. 

(800 tz) ffet UUW?t U few §UU few IfWtW few 7 
wfeM 7 ufeM 7 w 1 few w wit w ufetw waul'd' uw 
fefe- few few 3 + yuferut u fen w fuefet uwr wt 

WWfeut WUW rFfeW 7 tTfe 7 U ^rft fefe HWWtfet W 33 
WHfef3 WTF few fecT few'rttf U felTT § WUTt Wt} 7 
Uf^W 7 WUt fRlWI HZ MWUltTfe'd WffeUW MWHW 
few few 7 ww fefwtutMW whwj, Sh 7 ? 7 w 
fewwfeM 7 Wt I few 3 few 7 UUfet §UU WW $3 (tTW 
#33) ?t UW, few WHWfet HfeM 7 W few WUT 7 HW 7 
SWTWWI 

MWUfet-^S? (1991) 

28° 54' f. few.; 75°56' U. WW. 

TT ,U .—fe .W.U.f -fojTU (1961) ; feu.3r.ffe. 23 : 421 

fern" fedHQoH : fenww w few fwwubpu w 7 

WWW 1617 Wt.~feW §WoT uttWWU few W T Wfet 
(Sakai) few UfeM 7 ! few W 15 Wt WWt WWfelW 
fWUUWfet W dH 1 WWW W HW 3 WW offe T ! 

ww 1634 few few mo/w fwwuopu few 7 ?ww 
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W MUW WlWfWM 7 I few MOW 7 d’H 7 Ufd^'d W WW 7 W 
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3 W n >TW few W 7 tFWt UEt Wt I few Wt WWt Hfetw 
swld 7 M3 ^rferr fwwu 7 www ufwu wt i few w ufww 
cFW (Kano) HWW Wt WWt M3 wtw wt feW-WWfWTWt W 
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tr.y.-^.fe.H’'. 10 : 60 

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WW fedd^dol feww 7 few WWfew feW W I 



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few 160 3 Wt MW fUW WW I few W MW 7 W T Wt W WW WW 
ufegM 7 W 7 fwfeWW Wtd 7 Wl MW^ - WW W 7 W3 3 
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MW 7 Wt3, ^t few W fWdd* few wwt WIWWW WW 
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— — — »s 

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U.y.-’rte’few. 10 : 61 

dfo(<S" ftldHcS'dl 1 : few 12 Wt WWt W 7 few 
fwwnFTJtfWdWot'W wtfew WTWK 12 wtwfetfew 
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Hfeww W^FWTfWWWTWUWlfel 1626 3W few 

W fefew 7 few 20 WtM 1- 773W fWMW sftfetM 7 UfetUT 

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fetM 7 wuuravfew w w T w 7 ur oftw 7 w i 

try.-dtefew 7 . 9 : 26 

3 ^ 3 F^ r : few WWTW w 7 few WU 3 

^S 7 H'dfldWd wt few W 3 fet feu 1 wt (Dai Nihon shi) 
(HUTW wnww W 7 feffeFW) 7 T fet UW 3 W WWfrt 3 WU 7 it 
Hf Wtfet Wtl few W 7 371 K WWW 7 f^Ufet UtfwUW 
few fW3 WWffe (Mito fief) few 1628 few ufeM 7 1 feu 
drtdl 1 ^ 1 fe Hfet UfUfe" ?UW WWW UU 3 7 Wtl few fe 
ufewu W 7 WOW few 7 W 7 few fe 3feW WE few Ut UU 7 
U few 7 wt UU feu oTUiT Mfew UU few 1906 5 t. fW3 
W W HWHW UfeM 7 wtl Mwfet feU 3 WMW 7 few W 
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473 



3Wrt' 



ppufo a^st s aerate tea fo aara as 
§ife tea s orKTTofi foifo eras tea fesaafo a . 
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Horror othtt fos a aar urofepp a 

fefea'H 1 §■ Prfo Hams’ fvPFS ^H 1 fo S foyS 7 Hf 
ofttel fen S 7 tea HSte 5# fa fen S 7 feu - PfftPHS 
sffor fo fafopraTfor 3% p-ra §s tea foir avr a 

HOT" a 7 HfoaS’ fod 7 Wt fo fa PfUfcSci HH a 
HSTO S rtoTI S’ HdU Spd faTypp IPUS O’ H<5 I tea S 
for for tea'aar 7 fopp fsafo 3 1 s 1 ? Oarteppi tea 

y 'tilH'dl HaHS a 7 fo=F HHcTHcT fol fea Sfo fea 
Hrtfo 3lfo for ffoK fo Sffo a Haa 7 1868 fo. tea 
rtePS a ,5i41 HT^HSa 7 (Shoguns) a 7 3H3 7 Orta 1 a 
afo aw tea a afo trsa’s § hxt fast arfo i 

fo fo HS 1700 fo. tea Os 7 tea fsfoPPVP 
ten afoi 

a.u.-^ta-.fe;^. 10 : 27 

:hs 1700 afoausaafosteafoatra 
a afo ffhct ass a teas 7 , for ffosafo md-dr* 
crfofspp ted Hafora afos 7 fo i for crate a 7 aasa 

(Tamak) fo ?teT pfo Pid.di*d'y (Arghandab) fo 
Otefo atet Ote pffaaa aa 7 at fo ts^-fo 
farrofo (Kelat-i- Ghilzai) fop e 7 y>fo ^tea fo 1- at i 

fofo afos 7 fo fo afos fo for arp ai tea 
tea as afo fo feavrfos fo fo ate ars as i 

a.u.-aar.^'.Epr. 3 : 471 . if. m. feteas 

HfoT : for for o’ tea s ‘pras 7 ’, Tcrrtcr 1 ’, 
fo W fo tea 7 ate 7 rh for ter =?asa fo? a 
tea 0 fo aas auras fo as 1 ‘tears pa ’ ( 6 : 32 ) 
pfo aas ast a teas aaraa’do : 4i)PfSH T afeHa 
aa aas’ tear aa aars fo as 1 for fo aaf^ra tea 
aas foro a 1 rofo, fo, ans fo foaar 
fote s fo fo ef oftfo a 1 saat atet sras 
fo a 1- ufo fo aa tea ?aa fop afop a 1 

ay-fT-P.P. ; k. a. 

33 T : fote del O' ffofofoate (Psittaci- 
formes) <^ddl >fo fafofo (Psittacidae) errt W for 

■for ppvr fart* ^'rt 1 ust) - a 1 for fo pph lass’ ?tet 
FPfo w rpfo-tefarppscT fo ffofap taat (Psitt- 
acula krameri) a I aa foT ^'rt' for ufo W^a tea 

ter ^ fo 1- fo 7 a 1 for fo fo ss aai fo, gfo 
> H 3 ’ cpfo afo afo afo a 1 ys - fofl - a sfofo, ro 7 
sfofo fo fo fofo a 0 a irt 1 fo ?s fo a tete 
<£'rt Hater (Zygodactyl) foteP afohP as I 0 dirt 1 fo 
forfo Htefo spas for afop foar ua tea ss foa 




fo 7 



?afo aa # w as 1 for atefo tea fo aa yfo tea 
?rfo fasfo 1 tea error tea afo afo Oaa fo apafo 
TPsa^ateai 

*d~dd fo aiaas ayrte co« a astet aar fo 
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w tea afaa as, tea ffo s trs sfo spfo §y 
fasa 7 aai uatep afofo sate >fo uor aa as 7 a 7 
tea aaa soars sraa as 1 tea tes 7 foa as Oa 3 1 
for ate-gor ^ raffop c?aa as 1 afo Ow as a fo 
Otea aa tea aaa fefo nra foorfo pp^aa (Keeak, 
keeak) offo as I 

tea ufo 4 a 1 6 Ote fate yfo atenpopa a fos , 
orsaa fo aa ufofo a aste aa fofofo tea fo fo 
fo»p fo foa tea tea as 1 fo aro’-ufo fforfo 
a fo fe^s fo tea us 1 

tea tes ipsa vifo fo a fo tea f terra tea 
as c<do( uro tea affoa 7 foa 7 ai tea fo sas oras 
fo qai'd 1 eras tea s ass 7 fo ffoptero foa 7 ai 
fo 7 aste four aro fo ?rars sraa 7 a 1 

afo afot a 7 fo 7 ffoas 7 feOCtefonp (Psitta- 
cula eupatria ) PPoPS tea cpfo fo 7 aa 7 a i tea fo 
aa fo afo afo a fo sa-ufo a aa ffo tea 
ros am a 7 aana aa 7 a 1 araas anps afo a fiWfo 
aar fo afo afo a 1 tea ifo>pa 7 3 'a aarfo tea fksa 7 
a 1 dfdfo a sa fo uro tea uara ffo fo - fo foa 
as 1 

er.y.-sr. w. 64 ; ^ . fd. n ■ 404 ; it. tr. te. h: 334 

tww : fo srfoK 3 1 fo Hstr ppyfo afw 
«fo aafo anrs roa 7 a wrofoa 7 faa 7 a 1 affona 7 
a tecT'H srt aaftpvp r?fo aa or 'tea aafo aafo 
aafo afo 1 tea fo fort hhtss tea fours 7 foavr as 
pit! 1 sraa 7 ai aait afepra 7 fo aas aa tepra 
sTtepp ate 7 a ter aasafo aaroa fo^as foaa 




fumtt 7 



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333 F 7 OF 7 Ht fFH feF H3 7 , 33373 M3 H773e fecT 
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fej 3F 3^33 ofeFtM 7 H77 I fe? HM F377 333M" F 
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33 Ft TTfet F H3 3Mt TO 33 F^F 3 T 77tM t 
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u — 0 

gfoM 7 3U 7 feF Ot 333 Ffe ffedte3 MTfo F 333 F 7 
IB 7 ^" fey 7 feFS TO F f (73:73 3F 7 Ht I fej 1850 
fe3S HM F337 M3F Set ?33 Ffe fefor M3 
MHdF feo( H77 I feH.S<fo( MS S3 1 el F Fd T c5 H33 M3 
333 F'F H77 1 

S377tM77 F HM dfoM 7 SF'HIm 7 (1800-1815) 
feF 33"' F” feHH F 7 F3ft FFM 7 ?! 7 H'TdF H3 3 FHS 
fet I SMStMTT 3F fer 3Htc7 dlSF'F Ht M3 FF 
sfoefbft Feft teetM 7 ( 33 ^ Ft ffor feorfet) f fn hm 
tF feF HMS H77, §3 Ffet dldlwlrt H77 M3 §3 
3FS I3F 3 M3 HFfe Ft HFF set TFS TFS FS 
HoTFfeT H77 1 M3 HFfe F fH FHTO feF H37StM77 3 
H33 ^sftM 7 33+ HFFfeM 7 M3 333 T 77 7 F3T Fife 

FtF 7 3 77g fafeG" CTFTTfej oftF 7 ! fey 7 HFtH 7 fed 

H33 gfetfe FIT Ft Ffe S3 Htl §H FM^ 
HM^fetM 7 dfeM" 12-3 7 §fe 3U 7 (S. 3. 5. 5 fos) 
M3 6.5 feF (18 M. Ht.) few ^fetfe tZtW 3fe 
F 7 ?F77t M3 F3tM3 HH3 3M ofe¥ 3,440 M3 2,065 
U'fM i^M^M eft I SOTStMTT S fey 1 " gfe Ft ?33 
ggtM 7 FF3t WTJcftM 7 feF of] 41 fFH TT'S FHHF Ft 
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H5TF 7 Htl 

fH3 yfe fefcr Mr? tfsirerr (naFfetM 7 ) s 

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f 7 HFF 7 1 tfifereir s fer cmt s yfefo sreir ?ref 

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1,640 Ufffefel 

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475 



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saTwar aa yaer afpp fait at eafa Fat Fat dfa a 1 
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u o — 

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s g 

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na pfe fFF ffaa aaff fafa fa #wataiaet 

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praa f HFfepp Ff fa fa fa fee fat F3TF far 
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fttF fa ^dd afat tf aa i fee fa fup UFFaeit 
aa faa 7afa eafa fa fa fefa § fee fa fa fa fefapp 
afae ffaF Ff faffa afaa Gua fefa fa t- 
e>vffa hftF aaf fa i mafafa Ffefpfa feF fap aat 
fat afffapp fa aafw fafa, fa ocfa Q'al fa afapp 
aa, a afat Gua fa feat Gua aaa afepp iff - of 
fa far 0a ajaap fua fa Ptaa fa FFrre fa fafa fa faa 
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fa tfaPP FfapP H77 1 Hwa fafa F HTW F3T fauJF 

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faaaamr- fefafaFafa 16 fa nfafaufaF 
fa afat fai fafafar fa ffafaa ffaa fa arfa Faafa fa i 
ffafa 8 fee fa 1 3 fee Faar fatw fafa Hfa t ww ear 
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fat 0Ftt F fafa 45° fa WHT3HT affafa tFF I 

faa 1 ' tfat fa faf gafap fafa at FFfafafa Ffatfa 
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fa §a Ft gfa He i fea »fcma fa HHFt tatw 0aa 
afafa gfafafa H?ri ffan ras ffae fw to Faat 
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HUF 

pffafa FArfa f ffacrar - Gefafaior ^fefa 
PPffa TPfa feHF UfaF Fa faF Pffa 33 H?vF r fa 

fat ffappi fea f fee crw fea fat fa fe ?w 
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rafapp yFfaa pfa afa fa naiafa fat fa aw aa? 
ppfa at utt Faf afai efa afa afpp afa fa m 
uffafa uffaff ppapfey a aa a awfepp fawp a 
fefa ffaa afat awwa 1 ufet aitt 1 tg a 3 aer prnafa 
at uraaff faaT ( 1861 - 65 ) ffaa feafaa afe af f aa 
uferfa fft afat aw ffaa afat aifai ffafa at Faa 
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aw aa natppi ferfa fa aafaua ppraa uaaafete 
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sfa gat fa i 

ta 1880 fa aawT autna at aaat ffaa H'fen 
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33F''d fcJH 7 3UF ?33F 33 Ffe 7 3 1 

33t Ft 333 Ultra 7 3U3-USt F3 7 , Ft?7 > 
FHZF f%F dtdt d'Fl Ht I @3 3 ZMfF MHdtcP ft 
fZ3 Ft 5333 3f 3Zt 3 1 fe3 F 33 3 33Ft ^31 U 
& tZCZ ppF 7 3! fZ3 Ft Z33 33 M@F f?F ?t Ft 
F+Ft 3 ! fZ3 F 3F 3Z MF33 3333 ftj3 Ft 
63'QZ' TTZt 5ZF ?t 5lt3t F^zt 31 fe3 F 7 U 
dtz M3 CT33F <d'dl 3t 7733 feid' 3F 7 3 fi-ldri 1 
fU feF 3 Ht. 3 4.5 Ht. (10-15 fZ) 351 ffF 7 3 F^ 

3! 

3dt FtM 7 oizt FratHZ fez 5rrat 33t (Luf 
acutangula ) M3 uftM 7 3dt (Luffa cylindrica) F UV 
FratM 7 33 1 

Zy.-dlTr. FddteKZa 2 ■■ 1921 

ddlof (Rape) : fZ3 oiddlddl (Crucilerae) F 
F 7 33 ?33Z fZF UF 7 3 1 1Z3 F 7 3?73U3t f^ldlM 7 ?! 
7T 7 HttlF 7 3U3 (Brassica napes) 3 1 for 3 M3TFt 
33 5lf3F 377, fFZF 7 M33 f%F 7331771 33F (rapu; 
3 feM 7 fdPH 7 3 1 fe3 33F F 7 M33 3 3773IH, fF 
77ra fed cP.dl feraF 7 F77F 7 3 I FdtM 7 oTFd 7 , Md U 
HZtM 7 W @U @3Ft ftjftpiz ftZ3 ZZFtM 7 Ft 533^7 
fzrfZM 7 F^ 3 1 fZ3 UF F §W 33T 3 377 
ZtF 7 (Oil seed), 33 M3 33Ft SZt ^dfZM 7 FF 7 3 
3dtz F 7 hIf ffe 7 SZ 7 3F 7 3 fel 1000 ZtF 7 F 7 33 . 
3 5 3FH 3 d fZM 1 3 3t 3F 7 3 1 

ddlM 7 fZoT ddl M3 F-ddl FF" fctHH 7 fFt 
fKTTF 7 3 1 F 33t UF HZ zt3 333 fFF 3UJ3 3313 3 
377 fFF 377 I fed Ft 3377 25-40 3. Ht. F3U 7 F 7 ?. 
feW'felM 7 fFF F3ft 3Ft 31 fez Ft 3377 TTZt FZF Ft 
3377 F HoTZF MZ U^, H^t fZFfet M3 f33Z3 Ft 
773 UFt 3 1 fe3 3 51361- 33tM 7 -3U 7 3 M3 ZITT 7 - 
331 m 7 F FF3 (313) fFF ZtfFM 7 FF 77 3 1 

3dtz Ft 3377 TTZt Fdt fZTZFFH FFTf, 3775(t 3 
FZlfeMFit fo(H3 Ft 377^" Ud dt TTFFF d fe tit 3 I Udll 

ftrat FHt?7 fFF F f377 U3f Hold ZfF ztFS" 3 r dtF 

0 •> 

3771 HtF FZ FZ, 3177 M3 MM 33 3 5P3 33T F 3F 




d?7 I dtrT ofd'd' fed dtft rFE d?> I ofd'd' Et MHJHt 
Edt HFTEFT 30 ft. Ht. dtft fFEt if ME dtiT 4 E 5 FT. 
Ht. fUl ftPHE 7 fEE tfo (drill) ?FH Ud W% U77 1 
twit E fEE FSE HrW dtid 7 f fEFE 7 Ud feE 7 
HFE 7 it I S’ dfdM 7 Et MHJHt E^t Hdlddl 10 E 15 H. 
Ht. Ud f^Et PFEt FI E Htf SHE fadS" Mf Et dt 
^Et FE E 7 oTJ? Et MHIHt Ed)- 1.8 3" 2.4 Ht. ddt 
IHEt f HEdd E UfdH UEdS r 3 fEE 

dtfUM 7 tFE 7 9", E 7 fUFEt SHE E (EE HtfaM 7 
iEE §H E fEFHFT (EE dt hM EEt F I H HlttE fEE 
?THt ttfd FE E 7 dtEdf E UfdH 7 dtid 7 E fdTHt fHdt fEE 
dH 7 U fdU cFE Edt dfUM 7 EE F I sfttT HtHE E fEE 
USE HME fdcf EE djss fel Et HE FEl F I Edit d<j* 
U'il fed! HVftE fEE Ulfl'dT ofdeS fllfe 3~4 F.6d 
HME fdU EE fed fHErat Et HE Utff F I SH UE HH 
E HE FE 3+ feoT Era OF ffitHdt UF HEt EFTeT FI 

HtH UdldE 3" EME fey - fEE ?ftHt sFF EE Ed 
ddT E UE fed HE F7T, fEFE UdSt EHEt EHEt SUE 
FE I UE 1- dFEtM 7 HfeTE^ SW ME EUdTdE fdU Ht. 
fE 7 FE 7 FI UE y?E H 7 EfEM 7 STE 3 FEE'S FE 
F75" 1 fSEUra UtH ddT E gH' E r H MHlfHE Udtl (race- 
mose) ymr-^m- Gete fei #h nutra 7 e uEHtra 7 
SHtM 7 fEE EdTE FE 1 EE SHtM 7 uIhIm 7 U H'<£ E 7 
SHH SEE Edt fEME FEt FI SHE Et UdEt EHHd 
HdtE E UfdH WJ fEE oTtdt EdEt FI 

EdtE EhrP" Ed EdftHF" fofHE" fe" fEdtra*" FEtdF- 

F77:- 

fdHddEsT Edfrar H^EHE-d (ITS A) - feF 100 
fE?T fEE ferara FE ErEt fdlHH t HIE HS E EF dW 
fEEt % I feH E WI3E ^3 3-4 EfddE (#E) Udt 
SEE F I dtEF fEE §E Et HEra 1 " 41% FEt F I 

dt->JlE-15 — fed HdTSdT 88 fEE fEE ferara 
FE ■S'hI fofHH F I EHEt ferara F E^E ctdd HEEEt 
SHE (rotation) Hdt feE EdTEt fofHH" FI fed E 7 
raHEHS- 3 .9 EfdEE (dtE) Udt UoIE TOfel? 
HtE 7 fEE Et 3H Et H T 3d r M r dt dt WT E fEHH fEEt 
dt FEt FI 

3dtd E Ufe»F E HHEt EE 1 (Hrai) IfE Hdt ME 
UfHT E EE Hdt EdfoW tFE 7 F ME dtE 7 fw 3E 



EfeM 7 EiE 7 FI fed HHra E ITE-radT 3E 7 Et 
3oTdlH(5 10-12% HE Udt EdE 7 F I fdH 3E £ HFf'Odt 
HtTE (HradldtE) (margarine) M^ Edt # 

EdfeM 7 E^E 7 FI feH E feE'E' ErayffEM 1 " fEE fdH 
Et EraiE-UErayi (lubricants) ME Edt Fd fEUEE 7 
fEE dHE, Wfffffl ME EdtHH MrfE HE^E.Hdt 
EdE otldl -H ‘ tfl F I EE dTEE E HrME SoTE HE 
f UfM 7 ME HddffM 7 E UdtE ddyd Mdrar EEIeE 7 
E^E 7 F I Edt SHtrarat EH 7 fEE fdH E EEt SHE 7 (ftTE 
EKW ME fEf §E E UE) Edt tfE ME E-HUE EE 1 
Et EdfEM 7 E'd 1 FI 

F.y.-ulTr. rr. Z. 11:366; >i)E. fd. 18 : 981; i®TW? 
OoffefHtrT aut sd^Urr (d. tdturat gdt. Kftmfra 7 ) 1978- 
79 : 35 

: EFtE E EE dd Et EdTE 7 E 1 " fdctdUE 7 
E FI 'EdtE’ Mddt EH 7 E 7 HUE fEH E MdU FE 
‘fecT Edcd 7 ’ I feHEMT MEFE 'M7J 7 ’ fd5T F, §H E fHE 7 
Fd Edt EEt EEE 7 ?nft F ME HFHE JEfFE dd E FHE 
E 7 UdTHd FE I fed HUE ofcl'cS fEE Edt M’Q d 1 Ud 
'feTHE’ fEE fdH E 7 Ud 7 fEHUE fEE 7 fdlM 7 F I Me 
fEE Mdt E 7 E ‘dd’ E did- fdH l^d EH did FE: fd 
feoT F, fd Ed Erai 7 E 7 EE 7 E 7 dfeM 7 FfdM 7 ?nff 

Hdl ErfdE fdcf UdE HEHH 7 ME MtHfdlof F I MTJ 7 E 7 
Fd Udt draft E 7 Hdldof <5 J1 fddE Gh Et FE UdH" 
HUdE F, Fd HE rftE 7 Et FE M'cIhI d I EdtE E s/ 1 ^ 
HdddtH^dSrE E ftraTE MEHra fUF 7 E 7 HUE 7 F IE 
MfJ 7 dt HE Ud FI fdH fdU'dl E 7 fdPME UdH E 
fHEfHESra MftlME EM’S 7 W UraftfU MEEE EMra 7 
HEE F I fed MEEE fEE E 7 ftWE Hdl' U E 7 
E'dHfEof fWE ©Erat EMra 7 IRIE oftE 7 E 7 HUE 7 F I 
HUU fEE EdtE E 7 EE F 'ME 7 E fHE 7 Fd Udt ^Et 
EEE 7 ?)dt l’ 

dd ^t dUE 7 E fiETE draMEfdHE^EUHTE 

— * 

dra feHErar e Mefft fEE dra dra ferud m t Ge 7 f i 

HHEHHS- HSt HE 7 E HdE 7 MHEE EdtE E 
fdUdtHEdETE F dd Ft HE UE F I §H Et FE E fed 7 
Fd Udt UdH FE Edt I 

d.u.-»ftu. fe. H 7 . 9 : 846; W. >>ra. fed; fe. fed.
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Full text of "Punjabi Vishav Kosh - Volume XII"

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